Concrete 24.

00 kN/m3
Ceiling Acoustical Fiber Board 0.15 kPa
Coverings, Gypsum Sheating (13mm) 0.10 kPa
Floor Finishes, Ceramic Tile 0.77 kPa
Concrete Masonry Units, 150mm (Both Face Plaster) 2.40 kPa
Concrete Masonry Units, 100mm (Both Face Plaster) 1.76 kPa
Utilities 0.24 kPa
Steel Purlins 0.08 kPa
Steel Trusses 0.30 kPa
Steel roofing sheets 0.08 kPa
Coverings, waterproofing membrane 0.07 kPa

Roof Loads
Dead Load
Steel 77.30
Insulation 0.07

Live Load
Roof Load 1.00

Main Building Load (Office)

Dead Load
Concrete 24.00
Ceiling Acoustical Fiber Board 0.05
Coverings, Gypsum Sheating (13mm) 0.10
Floor Finishes, Ceramic Tile 0.77
Concrete Masonry Units, 150mm (Both Face Plaster) 2.60
Concrete Masonry Units, 100mm (Both Face Plaster) 2.10
Utilities 0.24
Steel Purlins 0.08
Steel Trusses 0.30
Steel roofing sheets 0.08
Coverings, waterproofing membrane 0.07

Live Load
Uniform Load (office) 2.40
kN/m3
kPa

kPa

kN/m3
kPa
kPa
kPa
kPa
kPa
kPa
kPa
kPa
kPa
kPa

kPa
STRENGTH OF ANGLE BAR (BRACKET) - BOLTED (UNDER AXIAL LOAD)

Steel Bar Properties:

Mass per meter, Wu kg/m
Area, A 4355 mm2
Ix mm4
Sx mm3
rx mm
yx mm
Zx mm3
Yp mm
Iy mm4
Sy mm3
ry mm
xy mm
Zy mm
xpy mm
Depth 200 mm
Width 150 mm
Thickness 12.5 mm

Other Data:
Fy 248 Mpa
Fu 400 Mpa
Actual Tensile Strength 580 kN
Diameter of Bolt 21 mm
No of Bolts at Y 2
No of Blots at Y 5

1. Net Area of the Given Section

Dia of Hole = 22.6 mm

g = 187.5 mm

An = 3790 mm2

2. Effective Area
Ae = 2842.5 mm2

3. Tensile Capacity
T = 648.024 kN **1**

T = 568.5 kN **2**
Adapt Safe Tensile Strength
T = 568.5 kN

Since, 580 is less than 568.5, therefore the structure is safe

STEEL PLATE (BUTT JOINT) UNDER AXIAL LOAD

Steel Properties
Width of Cover, b 330 mm
Length of Cover, L 500 mm
Thickness of The Main Plat 18 mm

Other Data
Fy 248 Mpa
Fu 400 Mpa
Al. Shearing Stress, Fs 276 MPa
Allowance Hole Dia. 3 mm
No. Of Bolts at One Side 4
No. Of Bolts at Y 2
No of Bolts at X 2
Actual Load 692 kN

1. Economical Diameter of Bolt

d = 19.94 mm say
20.00 mm

2. Capacity of Joint
Bearing on the plate
P = 691.20 kN **1**

Double Shear of Rivets

P = 693.31 kN **2**

Tearing of Plates
P = 883.872 kN **3**

P = 1,022.40 kN **4**

Adapt Allowable Capacity

P = 691.20 kN

Since, 692 is less than 691.2, therefore the structure is safe

3. Thickness of Cover Plate

t = 7.04 say 8.00 mm **1**

t = 6.08 say 7.00 mm **2**

Use 8 mm thick cover plate

DESIGN OF PURLINS

Liveload, LL = 1.00 kPa

DeadLoad
Utilities = 0.24 kPa
Steel Purlins = 0.08 kPa
Steel Trusses = 0.30 kPa
Steel roofing sheets = 0.08 kPa
TOTAL = 0.70 kPa

Properties C 180x22
A, m2 = 2790.00 m2 Sx, m3 = 1.27E+05 mm3
Nominal Weight, kg/m = 22.00 kg/m Sy, m 3
= 1.65E+04 mm3
Data
Purlin Spacing,m = 0.80 m Tributary Area tan 0 =
Roof Angle, deg = 11.83 deg Length,m = 6.00 m
Width,m = 0.80 m Angle =
Fy = 248.00 Mpa

Wlive = (1kPa x 0.8m) Wdl = (0.7 kPa) x 0.8m

Wlive = 0.80 kN/m Wdl = 0.56 kN/m
Wselfweight = 22kg/m x 9.81 kg/m^2
Wselfweight = 0.22 kN/m
W = 0.8 + 0.56 + 0.22 M= W L2
W = 1.58 kN/m 8.00
Wn = 1.58cos11.83 = 1.54 kN/m MN = 1.54 x 6 x 6=
8.00
Wt = 1.58sin11.83 = 0.32 kN/m MT = 0.32 x 6 x 6=

Checking:
Fballow = 0.66Fy
Fballow = 0.66(248)
Fballow = 163.68 Mpa
fbx = Mn = 6943146.49 = 54.67 Mpa
Sx 127000.00
fbx = Mn = 1454062.09 = 88.12 Mpa
Sx 16500.00
fbx + fby = 54.68 + 88.13 = 142.80 Mpa
142.8MPa < 163.68Mpa SAFE
Therefore is SAFE!

DESIGN OF RAFTER
Properties W360 x 79
A, m2 = 10100.00 m2 Sx, m3 = 1.28E+06 mm3
Nominal Weight, kg/m = 79.00 kg/m Sy, m 3
= 2.36E+05 mm3
Data .
Purlin Spacing,m = 0.80 m Tributary Area tan 0 =
Roof Angle, deg = 11.83 deg Length,m = 7.50 m
Width,m = 6.00 m Angle =
Fy = 248.00 Mpa

Wlive = (1kPa x 6m) Wdl = (0.7 kPa) x 6m

Wlive = 6.00 kN/m Wdl = 5.82 kN/m
Wselfweight = 79kg/m x 9.81 kg/m^2
Wselfweight = 0.78 kN/m
W = 6 + 5.82295081967213 + 0.78 M= W L2
W = 12.60 kN/m 8.00
Wn = 12.6cos11.83 = 12.33 kN/m MN = 12.33 x 7.5 x 7.5=
8.00
Wt = 12.6sin11.83 = 2.58 kN/m MT = 2.58 x 7.5 x 7.5=

Checking:
Fballow = 0.66Fy
Fballow = 0.66(248)
Fballow = 163.68 Mpa s
fbx = Mn = 86712614.30 = 67.74 Mpa
Sx 1280000.00
fbx = Mn = 18159709.80 = 76.95 Mpa
Sx 236000.00
fbx + fby = 67.75 + 76.95 = 144.69 Mpa
144.7MPa < 163.68Mpa SAFE
Therefore is SAFE!

Compactness

Condition 1
First ratio
*

*
*
*
*

2.00
9.55
11.83

6.94 kN-m

1.45 kN-m
 2.00
9.55
11.83

86.71 kN-m

18.16 kN-m

99.9075
STEEL BEAM DESIGN Try W 310 x 67
Properties
Steel Yield Strength, fy = 248.00 Mpa *
Short Span, Ls or b = 3.00 m *
Long Span, Ll = 6.00 m *
Slab Thickness = 0.00 mm *
Beam
Mass = 67.00 kg/m
Area = 8530.00 mm2
Depth = 306.00 mm
Flange width, bf = 204.00 mm
Flange Thickness, tf = 14.60 mm
Web Thickness, tw = 8.51 mm
Section Modulus, Sx = 948000.00 mm3
Length = 6.00 m *
Liveload, LL = 1.90 kPa *
DeadLoad
Ceiling Acoustical Fiber Bd = 0.00 kN/m3 *
Coverings = 0.10 kPa *
Ceramic Tile = 0.00 kPa *
150mm CHB = 2.82 kPa *
100mm CHB = 0.00 kPa *
Utilities = 0.24 kPa *
Waterproofing = 0.07 kPa *
TOTAL = 3.23 kPa
Load Distribution = Long Span
Computation of Loadings
Concrete (Slab) = (0x23.54/1000)
= 0.00 kN/m2
Steel Beam = (9.81 x 6 )/(3 x 1000)
= 0.11 kN/m2
Total Dead Load, DL = 0+3.23 + 0.11
= 3.34 kN/m2
Total Factored Loadings = 1.2DL + 1.6LL
= 1.2*(3.34)+1.6*(1.9)
= 7.05 kN/m2

Beam Design
Use Working Load, Wu = x2+0x1.2
= 14.09 kN/m
2
Ultimate Moment Capacity, M = Wu L /8
= 63.43 kN-m
From S = M / Fb
Where Fb = 0.66 Fy (assume compact section)
 Actual Section Modulus, Sx
Check for Width-Thickness ratio of Flange
bf/2tf < 1680/sqrt(Fy)
Check for Depth-Thickness ratio of Flange
d/tw < 1680/sqrt(Fy)
Since Actual Section Modulus is less than the Allowed Section Modulus, therefore, W 310 x 67 is SAFE
= M / 0.66 Fy
= 63427086 / (0.66 x 248)
= 387506.63 mm3
= [ 204 / ( 2 x 14.6 )] < [ 1680 / sqrt (248)]
= 6.99 < 106.6801067
Compact Section
= [ 306 / ( 14.6 )] < [ 1680 / sqrt (248)]
= 20.9589 < 106.6801067
Compact Section
STEEL COLUMN DESIGN Try W 360 x 101
Properties
Steel Yield Strength, fy = 248.00 Mpa *
Short Span, Ls or b = 6.00 m *
Long Span, Ll = 8.00 m *
Slab Thickness = 0.00 mm *
Column
Mass = 101.00 kg/m
Area = 12900.00 mm2
Depth = 357.00 mm
Flange width, bf = 255.00 mm
Flange Thickness, tf = 18.30 mm
Web Thickness, tw = 10.50 mm
Section Modulus, Sx = 1690000.00 mm3
rx = 153.00 mm
ry = 62.60 mm
Ix = 302000000.00 mm4
Iy = 50600000.00 mm4
Height = 6.36 m *
Beam W 310 x 67
Mass = 67.00 kg/m
Area = 8530.00 mm2
Depth = 306.00 mm
Flange width, bf = 204.00 mm
Flange Thickness, tf = 14.60 mm
Web Thickness, tw = 8.51 mm
Section Modulus, Sx = 948000.00 mm3
Length = 6.00 m *
Elastic Modulus, E = 200.00 Gpa
Liveload, LL = 2.40 kPa *
DeadLoad
Ceiling Acoustical Fiber Bd = 0.30 kN/m3 *
Coverings = 0.10 kPa *
Ceramic Tile = 0.77 kPa *
150mm CHB = 2.82 kPa *
100mm CHB = 2.69 kPa *
Utilities = 0.24 kPa *
Waterproofing = 0.07 kPa *
TOTAL = 6.99 kPa
Load Distribution = Long Span
Computation of Loadings
Concrete (Slab) = (0x23.54/1000) x (6 x 8) x 2
= 0.00 kN
Steel Beam + Column = 19.08 kN
 Other Dead Load = 671.04 kN
Total Dead Load, DL = 690.12 kN
Total Factored Loadings = 1.2DL + 1.6LL
= 1.2*(690.12)+1.6*(2.4)
= 831.99 kN

Column Design
Slender Ratio, KL/rx = 1 x 6360 / 153
= 41.57
Allowable Stress, Fe. = 3.14^2 x E / (L/R)^2
= 1141.19 Mpa
Allowable Axial Load using FS = 2.5, Pe = Fe x A / FS
= 5888.54 kN

Since, Pe < Total Factored Loadings, the Column is SAFE using W 360 x 101
DESIGN OF COLUMN
Trial Section 400 x 400
(mm) (mm)
Pu = 831.99 kN
Ag = P
0.70(0.80)((0.85)(fc)(1-P)+Fy(P)

Ag = 64558.7386 mm2 < Agactual = 160000 mm2

As = Pg Ag = 0.02 x 160000
As = 3200 mm2
N = 3200 = 10.1910828 say 12 - 20mm dia RSB
π/4 (20)²
Therefore, use section 400mm x 400mm Column which is SAFE

DESIGN OF FOOTING
Trial Section 2.00 m x 2.00 m P = 831.99 kN
qallow = 180 kPa
Trial Depth 350 mm γsoil = 15 kN/m3

Arequired = Total Service Load = 831.99 = 5.54658 mm2

Eff. Soil Pressure 150 2.35511718
qu = P/A = 831.99/(2x2) = 208.00 kPa

NOT SAFE

x = L - c = 2000-400 = 0.8
2 2
Beam Shear:
Vu = 208(0.45)(2) = 187.196972 kN c
187196.97 =(0.75/6)(sqrt(21)(2000)d
d = 163.398913 mm < 350 mm SAFE
Punching Shear
400 + d = 750 mm
Vu = [(2^2)-(0.75^2](208)= 714.99 kN bo = 4(750)
Vu = Φsqrt(fc)bod bo = 3000
3
d = 208.031479 mm < mm SAFE

Mu = quL(x)(x/2) = 133.12 kN-m

Rn = Mu = 133.12 = 0.72 Mpa
φflexurebd2 0.75(2)(0.35)^2
ρ = (0.85fc'/fy)(1-(1-(2Rn/0.85fc'))^1/2) = 0.00268
ρmin = 1.4/fy = 0.00507
ρreq = 0.00507
As = ρbd = 0.005072(2000)(275)= 2789.86 mm2
N = As/Abar = 8.88488877 say 9 bars
Therefore, use 9-20 dia RSB Bothways for 2m x 2m
 fc 21 Mpa
fy 276 Mpa
db 20 mm
Pg 0.02
γconcrete = 21 kN/m3

depth of excavation 2m

NOT SAFE

2.36

0.45

NOT SAFE
WELDED CONNECTION FOR TRUSSES
Thickness of Gusset Plate
Adapting Actual Tensile Strength = 46.24 kN
of a Truss member
Where T = 0.60 Fy Ag and Ag = Width of Angular Bar x thickness (W)
Thickness, W = T / (0.60 x Fy x Width of Angular Bar)
= 46240 / (0.60 x 248 x 51 )
= 6.09 ; use 8
Weld Size for best Joint
Max Size of Weld, t = 8 - 1.6
= 6.40 ; use 8
Diameter of Plug Weld, D = t + (8mm < 2.25 t)
= 16.00 mm
Computing for L and K where T = 0.707 x t x Length of Lap x (0.3) Fu
and Length of Lap = W + L + K
46240 = 0.707 x 8 x Length of Lap x (0.3) x 415
Length of Lap = 65.67 say 66
Strength per Fillet Weld = 0.707 x 8 x (0.3) x 415
= 704.17 N/mm
Taking moment about weld line "K"
(51 x 704.172x L ) + ( 704.172 x 51 x 25.5 ) = (46240 x 14.50 )
L = -6.83 say 7
K = 59.00 mm

BOLTED CONNECTION
Adapting the Reaction of Beam's Support = 430.00 kN
Properties of A490 bolt
Number of Bolt = 8.00
Fv = 193.00 Mpa
Ft = 372.00 MPa
Diameter of Bolt = 20.00 mm
Based on Shear Capacity, R
Av = 3.14/4 x Db2x N x 2
Av = 5024.00 mm2
Shear Capacity, R = 5024 x 193
= 969.63 kN
Based on Bearing Capacity, R
Fp = 1.2 Fu where Fu = 400 Mpa
= 480.00 Mpa
Ap = db x tw
= 20 x 8.9 x 8 = 1424
Bearing Cap, R = Ap x Fp
= 683.52 kN

Therefore, use a 4 - 20mm diameter A490 bolt for bolted connected members for each side
mm thk plate

mm

mm

mm

ok. SAFE

mm2

ok. SAFE
DESIGN OF PURLINS

Liveload, LL = 1.00 kPa

DeadLoad
Utilities = 0.24 kPa
Steel Purlins = 0.08 kPa
Steel Trusses = 0.30 kPa
Steel roofing sheets = 0.08 kPa
TOTAL = 0.70 kPa

Properties C 180x22
A, m2 = 2790.00 m2 Sx, m3 = 1.27E+05 mm3
Nominal Weight, kg/m = 22.00 kg/m Sy, m 3
= 1.65E+04 mm3
Data
Purlin Spacing,m = 0.80 m Tributary Area tan 0 =
Roof Angle, deg = 11.83 deg Length,m = 6.00 m
Width,m = 0.80 m Angle =
Fy = 248.00 Mpa

Wlive = (1kPa x 0.8m) Wdl = (0.7 kPa) x 0.8m

Wlive = 0.80 kN/m Wdl = 0.56 kN/m
Wselfweight = 22kg/m x 9.81 kg/m^2
Wselfweight = 0.22 kN/m
W = 0.8 + 0.56 + 0.22 M= W L2
W = 1.58 kN/m 8.00
Wn = 1.58cos11.83 = 1.54 kN/m MN = 1.54 x 6 x 6=
8.00
Wt = 1.58sin11.83 = 0.32 kN/m MT = 0.32 x 6 x 6=

Checking:
Fballow = 0.66Fy
Fballow = 0.66(248)
Fballow = 163.68 Mpa
fbx = Mn = 6943146.49 = 54.67 Mpa
Sx 127000.00
fbx = Mn = 1454062.09 = 88.12 Mpa
Sx 16500.00
fbx + fby = 54.68 + 88.13 = 142.80 Mpa
142.8MPa < 163.68Mpa SAFE
Therefore is SAFE!

DESIGN OF RAFTER
Properties W250x28
A, m2 = 3620.00 m2 Sx, m3 = 3.07E+05 mm3
Nominal Weight, kg/m = 28.00 kg/m Sy, m 3
= 3.49E+04 mm3
Data .
Purlin Spacing,m = 0.80 m Tributary Area tan 0 =
Roof Angle, deg = 11.83 deg Length,m = 3.10 m
Width,m = 6.00 m Angle =
Fy = 248.00 Mpa

Wlive = (1kPa x 6m) Wdl = (0.7 kPa) x 6m

Wlive = 6.00 kN/m Wdl = 5.82 kN/m
Wselfweight = 28kg/m x 9.81 kg/m^2
Wselfweight = 0.28 kN/m
W = 6 + 5.82295081967213 + 0.28 M= W L2
W = 12.10 kN/m 8.00
Wn = 12.1cos11.83 = 11.84 kN/m MN = 11.84 x 3.1 x 3.1=
8.00
Wt = 12.1sin11.83 = 2.48 kN/m MT = 2.48 x 3.1 x 3.1=

Checking:
Fballow = 0.66Fy
Fballow = 0.66(248)
Fballow = 163.68 Mpa s
fbx = Mn = 14224569.21 = 46.33 Mpa
Sx 307000.00
fbx = Mn = 2978967.37 = 85.36 Mpa
Sx 34900.00
fbx + fby = 46.34 + 85.36 = 131.69 Mpa
131.7MPa < 163.68Mpa SAFE
Therefore is SAFE!
*

*
*
*
*

2.00
9.55
11.83

6.94 kN-m

1.45 kN-m
 2.00
9.55
11.83

14.22 kN-m

2.98 kN-m

99.9075