Topic 1:

ELECTRICAL POWER SYSTEM

OVERVIEW
Lecture:
Prof. Dr. Ir. Hermagasantos Zein, M.Sc.
Contact:
▪ Teknik Konversi Energi Polban Bandung
▪ Email: hermaga_s@yahoo.co.id
▪ Hp: 081321108991
 ELECTRICAL POWER SYSTEM OVERVIEW
Content
1. Purpose of Studying Electrical Power System
Overview
2. What is the electric power system?
3. What is a transmission line?
4. What is three-phase system?
5. Why does mechanical aspect need to be studied?
6. Why does per-unit value need to be learned?
7. Why does power flow need to be learned?
8. What is distribution system?
9. What is voltage drop?
10. What is losses?
11. What is load?
12. Electrical Power System
13. Homework
Hermagasantos Zein, Jurusan Teknik Konversi Energi, Polban
 1. Purpose of Studying Electrical Power System Overview

▪ To know overall electrical power system.

▪ To understand functions of transmission and distribution in
electrical power system.

Hermagasantos Zein, Jurusan Teknik Konversi Energi, Polban

 1. What is the electric power system?
• The system consists of power generating, power
plant, as producing energy, the energy transmitted
through transmission network, and then the energy
distributed through distribution network to
consumers as end users.
• Power plant – Transmission – Distribution - Users
• In the subsystem has voltage different.
Start medium – extra/ultra – high – medium
(users) – low (users).

Hermagasantos Zein, Jurusan Teknik Konversi Energi, Polban

 2. What is a transmission line?

• It is as transmitting energy that connects

between power plant and distribution.
• It has high, extra or ultra voltage
• It has long distance
• It is function as reducing losses.

Hermagasantos Zein, Jurusan Teknik Konversi Energi, Polban

 3. What is three-phase system?

• The system has three/four wires.

• Three wires as delta connection and four
wires as star connection.
• Each phase states one electric source.
• In ac system can be made many phases,
but three phases are most efficiency.

Hermagasantos Zein, Jurusan Teknik Konversi Energi, Polban

 4. Why does mechanical aspect need to be studied?

Because,
▪ Conductor of transmission installs in the air.
▪ Occur sag that is influenced by weight,
wind and temperature, and another.
▪ So high of the conductor is no flat.

Hermagasantos Zein, Jurusan Teknik Konversi Energi, Polban

 5. Why does per-unit value need to be learned?

• Because voltages in the system are not

uniform.
• Note: uniform voltage is to make easy
calculation.
• In the pu, voltages have been
uniformed.

Hermagasantos Zein, Jurusan Teknik Konversi Energi, Polban

 6. Why does power flow need to be learned?

• To design electric components, like

conductor, protection and transformers.
• To see electric conditions in operating.

Hermagasantos Zein, Jurusan Teknik Konversi Energi, Polban

 7. What is distribution system?

▪ It is connected to users. So the function is

to distribute energy to consumers.
▪ The networks consist of two kinds that
are called feeder.
▪ Medium voltage feeder and low voltage
feeder.

Hermagasantos Zein, Jurusan Teknik Konversi Energi, Polban

 8. What is voltage drop?

▪ Electric conductor is no ideal.

▪ Voltage drop is caused by impedance of
conductor.
▪ Voltage drop will influence current flows
and losses.
▪ The good system has small voltage drop.

Hermagasantos Zein, Jurusan Teknik Konversi Energi, Polban

 9. What is losses?

• Losses is energy that can not be used.

• It is escape from system through
dissipation in heat on the resistance
conductor.

Hermagasantos Zein, Jurusan Teknik Konversi Energi, Polban

 10. What is load?

▪ Load is as burdan of a system that is

presentated by power value.
▪ Example:
lighting, electric motor, iron, pamp,
refrigrator, home, building, vehical,
train, atc.

Hermagasantos Zein, Jurusan Teknik Konversi Energi, Polban

 11. Electrical Power System
G1 Pusat pembangkit

Gardu pembangkit

Transmisi ektra/ulta tinggi

G2

Gardu transmisi

Transmisi tegangan tinggi:

150 kV atau 220 kV
G3

Gardu induk

Tdistribusi tegangan
20 kV atau 70 kV

Gardu idistribusi

Jaringan tegangan
Pemakai tegangan Rendah: 220 V

menegah

Pemakai tegangan rendah

Hermagasantos Zein, Jurusan Teknik Konversi Energi, Polban

 11. Electrical Power System ….

Hermagasantos Zein, Jurusan Teknik Konversi Energi, Polban

 11. Electrical Power System ….
• Power Plant
FUNCTION: ENERGY PRODUCTION

KINDS OF POWER STATION BASED ON PRIMARY ENERGY

• PLTA : HYDRO
• PLTU : STEAM
COAL, NATURAL GAS, OIL (MFO/DIESEL)
• PLTG : NARURAL GAS
• PLTGU = COMBINE CYCLE : GAS ALAM
• PLTD : DISEL
• PLTN : NUKLIR
• PLTP : GEOTHERMAL
• PL-ALTENATIF : WIND, SOLAR, RUBBISH, ETC.

KIND OF POWER STATION BASED ON CAPACITY

• MIKRO : DAYA< 0,1 MVA

• MINI : 0,1<DAYA< 10 MVA
• SMALL : 10<DAYA< 50 MVA
• MEDIUM : 50<DAYA<100 MVA
• BIG : DAYA>100 MVA
Hermagasantos Zein, Jurusan Teknik Konversi Energi, Polban
 11. Electrical Power System ….
• Power Plant- Orde and Source:
MIKRO ORDE :
PL-ALTENATIF : WIND, SOLAR, SEA WAVE, RUBBISH, ETC.
PLTA : FLOW RIVER, CANAL, SMALL WATERFALL, ETC.
MINI ORDE :
PL-ALTENATIF : WIND, RUBBISH, ETC.
PLTA : SMALL LAKE, MEDIUM WATERFALL, ETC.
PLTD : SMALL
SMALL ORDE :
PL-ALTENATIF : WIND, RUBBISH, ETC.
PLTA : MEDIUM LAKE, BIG WATERFALL, ETC.
PLTD : BIG
MEDIUM ORDE :
PLTA : BIG LAKE
PLTU : MEDIUM
PLTG : MEDIUM
PLTGU : MEDIUM
BIG ORDE :
PLTA : GIANT/BIGGEST LAKE
PLTU : BIG
PLTG : BIG
PLTGU : BIG
PLTN : THERE IS NO SMALL

Hermagasantos Zein, Jurusan Teknik Konversi Energi, Polban

 11. Electrical Power System ….
• Power Plant- Connected to Grid

Micro Orde : Low voltage grid (220-1000 volt)

Mini Orde : Medium voltage (1-70 kV)

Medium Orde: high/extra voltage (150-750 kV)

Big Orde : Extra/Ultra voltage ( up to 275)

Hermagasantos Zein, Jurusan Teknik Konversi Energi, Polban

 11. Electrical Power System ….
• Substation
FUNCTION: REDUCE/RISE VOLTAGE
KINDS OF SUBSTATION
• Generating Substation :
Step up (connect generator and grid: 25 kV to 500 kV)
• Transmission Substation:
Step down (connect higher voltage transmission to lower
voltage transmission: 500 kV to 150 kV)
• Bulk Substation:
Step down (connect high voltage to medium voltage: 150 kV to
20 kV)
• Distribution Substation:
Step down (connect medium voltage to lower voltage: 20 kV to
380 V)
• Reflection/Connection Substation: not change voltage

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 11. Electrical Power System ….
• Electrical Transmision
FUNCTION: AS FACILITY TO TRANSMIT POWER

KINDS OF ELECTRICAL TRANSMISSION

Based on Current Use:
• DC Line : Use DC system
• AC Line : Use AC system

Based on Network System:

• Transmission network: Use high/extra/ultra voltage and Long
distance
• Distribution Network: Use low/medium voltage and Short
distance.

Hermagasantos Zein, Jurusan Teknik Konversi Energi, Polban

 11. Electrical Power System ….
• Load
FUNCTION: AS ABSORB ENERGY

KINDS OF LOAD
• Low voltage load: connected to low feeder
• Medium voltage load: connected to medium feeder

Hermagasantos Zein, Jurusan Teknik Konversi Energi, Polban

 11. Homework

1) Explain power system based on your

opinion.
2) Give your reasons why in a power system
uses various voltage.
3) Give brief explanation about substation.
4) Proof! Application of high voltage can
reduce transmission losses.

Hermagasantos Zein, Jurusan Teknik Konversi Energi, Polban

 OK, our class is over

Thank You

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