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ConcreteCentre EC2 Bridges Extract PDF
ConcreteCentre EC2 Bridges Extract PDF
ConcreteCentre EC2 Bridges Extract PDF
Concise Eurocode 2
for Bridges
For the design of concrete bridges to BS EN 1992-1-1 and BS EN 1992-2
and their National Annexes
The cement and concrete industry recognised the need to enable UK design professionals
to use Eurocode 2, Design of concrete structures, quickly efficiently and with confidence.
Supported by government, consultants and relevant industry bodies, the Concrete Industry
Eurocode 2 Group (CIEG) was formed in 1999 and this group has provided the guidance for a
coordinated and collaborative approach to the introduction of Eurocode 2.
As a result, a range of resources is being developed and made available through The Concrete
Centre (see www.eurocode2.info). One of those resources, Concise Eurocode 2, published in
2006, is targeted at structural engineers designing concrete framed buildings. Whilst there are
many similarities in the design of buildings and bridges, there are also significant differences
and hence Eurocode 2 has a distinct part for the design of bridges. This publication is based
on the style of Concise Eurocode 2, but has been completely revised and rewritten to suit the
requirements of Eurocode 2, Part 2 and the current design practices for concrete bridge design.
Relevant extracts have been incorporated from Precast Eurocode 2: Design manual published
by British Precast, which is a similar document for designers of precast concrete. The authors
are grateful for the permission granted by British Precast.
Acknowledgements
The Concrete Centre would to thank Neil Loudon and Hideo Takano, both of the Highways
Agency, for their support and comments in producing this document. We would also like to
thank Steve Denton of Parsons Brinckerhoff, Chris Hendy of Atkins and Paul White of Halcrow
for their helpful comments. Thanks are also due to Gillian Bond, Sally Huish and the design
team at Michael Burbridge Ltd for their work on the production.
The copyright of British Standards extracts reproduced in this document is held by the British
Standards Institution (BSI). Extracts have been reproduced with BSI’s permission under the
terms of Licence No: 2009RM0003. No other use of this material is permitted. This publication
is not intended to be a replacement for the standard and may not reflect the most up-to-date
status of the standard. British Standards can be obtained in PDF or hard copy formats from
the BSI online shop: www.bsigroup.com/Shop or by contacting BSI Customer Services for hard
copies only: Tel:+44 (0)20 8996 9001, Email: cservices@bsigroup.com.
1 Introduction 1
1.1 Scope 2
2 Basis of design 3
2.1 General 3
2.2 Basic requirements 3
2.3 Limit state design 4
2.4 Assumptions 9
2.5 Foundation design 10
3 Materials 11
3.1 Concrete 11
3.2 Steel reinforcement 13
3.3 Prestressing steel 14
5 Structural analysis 25
5.1 General 25
5.2 Idealisation of the structure 25
5.3 Methods of analysis 27
5.4 Loading 29
5.5 Geometrical imperfections 29
5.6 Design moments in columns 31
5.7 Corbels 36
5.8 Lateral instability of slender beams 38
7 Shear 41
7.1 General 41
7.2 Resistance of members not requiring shear reinforcement 41
7.3 Resistance of members requiring shear reinforcement 44
i
8 Punching shear 50
8.1 General 50
8.2 Applied shear stress 50
8.3 Control perimeters 54
8.4 Punching shear resistance without shear reinforcement 55
8.5 Punching shear resistance with shear reinforcement 56
8.6 Punching shear resistance adjacent to columns 56
8.7 Control perimeter where shear reinforcement is no longer required, uout 56
8.8 Distribution of shear reinforcement 57
8.9 Punching shear resistance of foundation bases 58
9 Torsion 59
9.1 General 59
9.2 Torsional resistances 59
9.3 Combined torsion and shear 61
12 Fatigue 72
12.1 Verification conditions 72
12.2 Internal forces and stresses for fatigue verification 72
12.3 Verification of concrete under compression or shear 73
12.4 Limiting stress range for reinforcement under tension 74
13 Serviceability 76
13.1 General 76
13.2 Stress Limitation 76
13.3 Calculation of crack widths 76
13.4 Control of cracking 79
13.5 Minimum reinforcement areas of main bars 80
13.6 Control of deflection 83
ii
15 Detailing – particular requirements 94
15.1 General 94
15.2 Beams 94
15.3 One-way and two-way spanning slabs 98
15.4 Flat slabs 98
15.5 Columns 100
15.6 Walls 101
15.7 Pile caps 102
15.8 Bored piles 103
15.9 Requirements for voided slabs 103
15.10 Prestressing 104
15.11 Connections 105
15.12 Bearings 106
18 References 122
iii
Concise Eurocode 2 for Bridges
This publication summarises the material that will Owen Brooker is senior structural engineer for The
be commonly used in the design of reinforced and Concrete Centre. He is author of several publications,
prestressed concrete bridges using Eurocode 2. including the well received series How to design concrete
structures using Eurocode 2. He regularly lectures and
With extensive clause referencing, readers are guided through provides training to structural engineers, particularly on the
Eurocode 2, other relevant European standards and non- application of Eurocode 2.
contradictory complementary information. The publication,
which includes design aids, aims to help designers with the Paul Jackson is a technical director of Gifford, which he
transition to design using Eurocodes. joined from BCA in 1988. He has worked on bridge design,
assessment, construction, strengthening and research. He
Concise Eurocode 2 for Bridges is part of a range of resources has contributed extensively to codes of practice and is
available from the cement and concrete industry to assist currently a member of the BSI committee for bridges and
engineers with the design of a variety of concrete bridges. For convenor of its working group for concrete bridges. He
more information visit www.concretecentre.com served on the project team for EN 1992-2.
CCIP-038
Published 2009
ISBN 978-1-904818-82-3
Price Group P
© MPA – The Concrete Centre