Carlos, Rovince C.

, Dela Cruz Ian March 2, 2017

Thalia

Experiment No. 2

Chemical Kinetics

ABSTRACT

Chemical kinetics is the study and the discussion of chemical reactions with respect to reaction rates, effect of
various variables, re-arrangement of atoms, formation of intermediates and etc. To know more about chemical
reactions with respect to reaction rates, some researcher did an experiment about it. In the experiment, which is
divided into three parts, the researcher’s objectives are to describe how various factors influence the rate of
reaction,; to explain reactions quantitatively in terms of molecular collision; and to explain activation energy and
how catalyst affects the reaction rate. The researchers tested three factors affecting the reaction rate; the effect of
particles size, effect of concentration and effect of a catalyst. The materials used were powdered zinc, balance, test
tubes, 1 M HCL, 3 M HCL, 6 M HCL, hydrogen peroxide, iron(III) nitrate, sodium chloride, calcium chloride, and
potassium chloride and each has various measurements. Furthermore, the researchers used certain materials in each
part. The first part was about the effect of particle size where the researchers used powdered zinc and calcium
carbonate, in this part, the researchers found out that powdered zinc, which has bigger particle size reacted slower
than the calcium carbonate, which made the researchers to conclude that the smaller the particle size is, the faster the
reaction rate. In the second part, which is about the effect of concentration, 3 different concentrations of HCL were
used, wherein the 1 M HCL which has the smallest concentration had the slowest reaction rate which came to a
conclusion that the greater the concentration, the faster the reaction is. The last part of the experiment, which is
about testing the effect of catalyst on the reaction rate, the researchers used various catalysts like FeCl 3, NaCl and
etc., the researchers found out that there are substances which could not be used as catalyst for hydrogen peroxide.

INTRODUCTION

In chemical kinetics, chemical reactions are often discussed with respect to reaction rates, effect of various
variables,re-arrangement of atoms, formation of intermediates etc. In the experiment, it focused about the reaction
rate and the effects of various variables to it. In order to do that, there must be an experimental way to measure the
concentration of at least one of the reactants or products as a function of time. As a result of that thought, the
researchers did some testing using test tubes and divided the experiment unto three parts namely the effect of
particle size on reaction rate, effect of temperature on reaction rate and effect of catalyst on reaction rate. The
researchers hypothesized that reaction rates are greatly affected by its factors.

EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE

There were different procedures made in various parts of the experiment. In the first part wherein the effect of
particles size was tested, firstly, the researchers obtained two substances; the powdered zinc and the calcium
carbonate. Secondly, each substance was put in two different test tubes, and both were mixed with a 5 mL of 1M
HCL. Lastly, they waited for it until the reaction rate was finished. The results they gathered are showed by the table
1.In the second part of the experiment, the effect of concentration was tested. There were procedures that were
made. Firstly, they put 5 mL of HCL with different concentrations in three different test tubes. Secondly, they put
powdered zinc each test tubes. Lastly, they recorded their observations and time since they added the zinc to the test
tubes until the time each reaction stops. The results they gathered are showed by the table 2.In the third part of the
experiment, the effect of catalysts was tested. There are procedures that have been made. Firstly, the researchers
dilute the hydrogen peroxide by adding 10 mL of 3% H 202 to a 100 mL graduated cylinder. Secondly, they added 90
mL of distilled water to obtain 100 mL of diluted (0.3%) hydrogen peroxide. Then, they used a small amount of this
solution to rinse out a 10 mL graduated cylinder and 7 test tubes which pour the rinses away. Eventually, they
placed a 5 mL of the 0.3% of H 202 solution into each of the test tubes. Then, they added 5 drops of FeCl 3, NaCL, Fe
(NO3), CaCl2, and KNO3 which all have the same concentration of 0.1 M. After that, they mixed each tube gently.
Finally, they observed each solution and recorded each reaction as fast, slow,very slow or, very fast.The
observations are showed in the table 3.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Results

Substance Tested Observations

Powdered zinc The powdered zinc had the longest time of reaction rate which shows
that it has a slower reaction rate.
The powdered zinc mixed with the HCL as time goes by but there are
some powdered zinc left at the bottom of the test tube and a little
amount at the top of the substance.
Calcium Carbonate The calcium carbonate had the shortest time of reaction rate which
shows that it has a faster reaction rate.
Some amount of calcium carbonate mixed with the HCL but like the
powdered zinc, there are little amount left at the top and the bottom
part of the substance.
Table 1 Effect of Particle Size on Reaction Rate

Acid Concentration Start Time Time at Observations

Completion
1 M HCL 4:53 5:14 Has the slowest reaction, some solute stayed at the top of the solute stayed
at the top of the solvent but there are also some that stayed at the bottom.
3 M HCL 4:46 5:07 It has a slower reaction rate than a 6 M HCL but has faster rate than 1 M
HCL. It has a cleaner solution.

6 M HCL 4:36 5:01 Has the fastest reaction rate among the three tested substances. The zinc
powdered didn’t dissolve completely. The upper part is moist and the
substance is bouncing quickly.
Table 2 Effect of Concentration

Possible Catalysts
FeCl3 NaCl Fe(NO3)3 CaCl2 KNO3
Reaction Fast Fast Very Slow None None
Rate
Table 3 Effect of a Catalyst

Discussion

Based on the results, there are three things that the researchers found out. First, they found out that the smaller the
particle size, the faster the reaction rate. Second, they found out that the higher the concentration, the faster the
reaction rate.Lastly, they found out that there are some substances that couldn’t be a catalyst of hydrogen peroxide.
The possible sources of errors are the time and the recording of time part.

References

Geronimo, T. D., Jr. (2016). Chemistry 2. Pasay.

Deoudes, A. (n.d.). A Kinetics Experiment The Rate of a Chemical Reaction: A Clock Reaction. Retrieved March 7,
2017, from file:///C:/Users/GG-Vhin/Downloads/Andrea.Deoudes_Chem102KineticsLab.pdf

Chieh, C. (n.d.). Chemical Kinetics. Retrieved March 7, 2017, from http:// www science .uwaterloo.ca /~cchieh /cact
/c123/chmkntcs.html

Name of Member Signature

Rovince C. Carlos
Ian Dela Cruz
Appendix (Attached at the back)