PATROLL Winning Submission

U.S. Patent No. 7,567,622

Claim 1 of the patent-at-issue, U.S. Patent No. 7,567,622 (“’622 Patent”), which was filed
on Dec. 5, 2006 and claims an Oct. 18, 2002 priority date, is directed to an ARQ re-transmission
method in a wireless communication system wherein data packets are transmitted from a
transmitter to a receiver using a higher order modulation scheme wherein more than two data bits
are mapped onto one data symbol to perform a first transmission and at least a second transmission
based on a repeat request.

The reference U.S. Patent Appl. No. 20030072292A1 (Assignee: Samsung Electronics Co.
Ltd.), which was filed on Oct. 17, 2002 and claims priority to Korean Patent Appl. No. KR10-
2001-0064114A, filed on Oct. 17, 2001, published as KR20030032381A on Apr. 26, 2003, and
granted as Korean Patent No. KR100526525B1 on Nov. 8, 2005, is directed to a method and
system for rearranging coded bits upon retransmission of coded bits mapped to one modulation
symbol so that the coded bits have different transmission reliability than the initial transmission.
The rearranged coded bits are mapped to corresponding modulation symbols according to a
predetermined modulation scheme and then transmitted. The receiver demodulates the received
data and outputs the encoded bits.

In addition, the reference U.S. Patent No. 6298092B1 (Assignee: Intel Corp), which was
filed on June 02, 2020 and has a priority date of December 15, 1999, is directed to a method for
controlling a communication parameter in a channel through which data is transmitted between a
transmit unit with M transmit antennas. This method can be employed in communication systems
using multi-antenna transmit and receive units of various types including wireless systems, e.g.,
cellular communication systems, using multiple access techniques such as TDMA, FDMA,
CDMA and OFDMA.

A sample claim chart comparing claim 1 of the ‘622 Patent to U.S. Patent Appl. No.
20030072292A1, Korean Patent No. KR100526525B1, and U.S. Patent No. 6,298,092B1 is
provided below.

1

Claim 1 of US7567622
1.pre. An ARQ re-transmission
method in a wireless
communication system
wherein data packets are
transmitted from a transmitter to 8PSK, one modulation symbol includes three or more bits.”
a receiver using a higher order
modulation scheme
wherein more than two data
bits are mapped onto one data
symbol to perform a first
transmission and at least a
second transmission based on a predetermined rearrangement pattern upon request of a receiver
repeat request,
the method comprising:
A. US20030072292A1
B. KR100526525B1
C. US6298092B1
A. US20030072292A1
“HARQ is a retransmission control technique to correct errors
in initially transmitted data packets.” Yoon at p. 1, col. 2, par. 9.
“Particularly in higher-order modulation schemes other than
Id. at p.2, col. 1, par. 19.
“As a modulation order increases, the number of bits in one
modulation symbol increases.” Id. at p. 2, col. 1, par. 19.
“To achieve the above and other objects, according to an aspect of
the present invention, coded bits are rearranged in a
for retransmission. The rearranged bits are mapped to
modulation symbols and transmitted to the receiver.” Id. at p.
2, col. 2, par. 34)
--------------------------
B. KR100526525B1
“In particular, in the high order modulation scheme of 8PSK or
more, one modulation symbol includes three or more bits of
information, and in this case, each bit mapped to one modulation
symbol has different transmission reliability according to its
position.”
“The apparatus of the present invention according to the second
aspect for achieving the above object, in the mobile
communication system to rearrange and transmit the coded
bits transmitted by the transmitter at the initial transmission
by the retransmission request of the receiver, the
rearrangement An apparatus for receiving encoded bits.”
2
1.b. modulating data packets at
the transmitter using a first
mapping of said higher order
modulation scheme to obtain
first data symbols;
1.c. performing the first
transmission by transmitting the
first data symbols over a first
diversity branch to the
receiver;
A. US20030072292A1
“FIG. 9 illustrates original bits and their rearrangements in
16QAM. Four coded bits [i 1, q1, i2, q2] are mapped to a
modulation symbol in a reliability pattern [H, H, L, L]. i1 and i2
are bits transmitted on an I channel and q1 and q2 are bits
transmitted on a Q channel. H and L denote a high-reliability
part and a low-reliability part, respectively. Coded bits 1, 2, 5, 6, 9
and 10 are mapped to have a high reliability and coded bits 3, 4, 7,
8, 11 and 12, to have a low reliability in modulation symbols at
an initial transmission.” Yoon at p. 5, col. 2 through p. 6, col. 1,
par. 99.
--------------------------
B. KR100526525B1
“In FIG. 9, four encoded bits mapped to one modulation
symbol are composed of [i1 q1 i2 q2] and its reliability pattern is
equal to [H, H, L, L]. I and q are bits transmitted through an in-
phase (I) channel and bits transmitted through an in-
quadrature (Q) channel, respectively, and H and L each have
high reliability. It means part and part with low reliability. That is,
in the initial transmission, the upper 2 bits 1,2,5,6,9,10 of the
encoded bits mapped to each modulation symbol are mapped to a
part having high reliability, and the lower 2 bits 3,4,7,8 11 and 12
are mapped to a part having a low reliability.”
A. US20030072292A1
“FIG. 9 illustrates original bits and their rearrangements in
16QAM. Four coded bits [i 1, q1, i2, q2] are mapped to a
modulation symbol in a reliability pattern [H, H, L, L]. i1 and i2
are bits transmitted on an I channel and q1 and q2 are bits
transmitted on a Q channel.” Yoon at pp. 5-6, par. 99.
“H and L denote a high-reliability part and a low-reliability part,
respectively. Coded bits 1, 2, 5, 6, 9 and 10 are mapped to have a
high reliability and coded bits 3, 4, 7, 8, 11 and 12, to have a low
reliability in modulation symbols at an initial transmission.” Id. at
p. 6, par. 99.
“At a second retransmission, the coded bits are rearranged in
their mapping to modulation symbols such that the I-channel
bits and the Q-channel bits are exchanged with each other.
Thus the resulting rearranged coded bits are [q 1, i1, q2, i2].
That is, I-channel bits and Q-channel bits at the initial
transmission become Q-channel bits and I-channel bits
3

(cont.)
1.c. performing the first
transmission by transmitting the --------------------------
first data symbols over a first
diversity branch to the
receiver;
1.d. receiving at the transmitter
the repeat request issued by the
receiver to retransmit the data
packets in case the data packets
of the first transmission have
not been successfully decoded;
respectively at the second retransmission. The exchange of I and
Q channels effects I-Q channel phase diversity.” Id. at p. 6, col.
1, par. 101.
B. KR100526525B1
“In the second retransmission, the encoded bits mapped to each
modulation symbol are replaced by the bits of the I channel and
the bits of the Q channel. Rearrange as much as possible. Here,
when the configuration of the rearranged coding bits is compared
with the original configuration, it becomes [q1 i1 q2 i2]. That is,
bits transmitted on the I channel at the initial transmission are
transmitted to the Q channel at the second retransmission, and bits
transmitted on the Q channel at the initial transmission are
transmitted to the I channel at the second retransmission. As
described above, in the second retransmission, phase diversity
effects between the IQ channels can be obtained through the
interchange of the I and Q channels.”
A. US20030072292A1
“The CRC checker 470 extracts CRC bits from the decoded
information bits on a packet basis and determines whether the
packet has errors using the extracted CRC bits. The error
check
result is delivered to a reception controller (not shown) in an
upper layer. The reception controller processes the packet if the
packet has no errors and transmits an ACK (Acknowledgement)
signal to the transmitter. On the contrary, if the packet has
errors, the
reception controller transmits an NACK (Non-
Acknowledgement) signal to the transmitter, requesting a
retransmission of the packet.” Yoon at p. 5, col. 1, par. 87.
--------------------------
B. KR100526525B1
“Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (H-ARQ) considered in the
present invention to be described later is a link control technique
4

1.e. modulating, in response to
the received repeat request,
said data packets at the
transmitter using a second
mapping of said higher order
modulation scheme to obtain
second data symbols;
----------------------
From the ‘622 Patent:
“As shown therein, when employing
higher order modulation formats
(e.g. M-PSK, M-QAM with
log2(M)>2), where more than 2 bits
are mapped onto one modulation
symbol, the bits have different
reliabilities depending on the chosen
mapping.”
(cont.)
1.e. modulating, in response to
the received repeat request,
said data packets at the
transmitter using a second
mapping of said higher order
modulation scheme to obtain
second data symbols;
for correcting an error by retransmission when a packet error
occurs. In general, retransmission means that new data is
transmitted since the initial transmission fails and the original
data is retransmitted.”
“The CRC checker 470 extracts CRC bits on a packet basis by
using the information bits decoded and output from the channel
decoder 460 and determines whether an error occurs in the
packet using the extracted CRC bits.”
“On the other hand, if it is determined that an error has
occurred in the packet, a non-acknowledge (NACK), which is a
response signal for requesting re-transmission of the packet, is
transmitted to the transmitter.”
A. US20030072292A1
“FIG. 9 illustrates original bits and their rearrangements in
16QAM. Four coded bits [i1, q1, i2, q2] are mapped to a
modulation symbol in a reliability pattern [H, H, L, L]. i1 and i2
are bits transmitted on an I channel and q1 and q2 are bits
transmitted on a Q channel.” Yoon at p. 5, col. 2 through p. 6, col.
1, par. 99.
“To achieve the above and other objects, according to an aspect of
the present invention, coded bits are rearranged in a
predetermined rearrangement pattern upon request of a
receiver for retransmission. The rearranged bits are mapped
to modulation symbols and transmitted to the receiver.” Id. at
p.2, col. 2, par. 34.
“In the embodiment of the present invention, coded bits are
rearranged at retransmission to be mapped to different
symbols from those at an initial transmission.” Id. at p. 3, col.
2, par. 56.
“The controller 150 selects the coding rate and the modulation
scheme according to the radio downlink channel condition. To
selectively use QPSK, 8PSK, 16QAM, and 64QAM according
to the radio environment, the controller 150 supports AMCS.” Id.
at p. 2, par. 17.
“As stated before, the modulator 140 supports various
modulation schemes including QPSK, 8PSK, 16QAM and
64QAM with respect to the interleaved bits.” Id. at p. 2, par. 19.
--------------------------
5

1.f. performing, in response to
the received repeat request, the
second transmission by
transmitting the second data
symbols over a second diversity
branch to the receiver;
-------------------
From the ‘622 Patent:
“The invention is based on the idea to
improve the performance at the receiver
by applying different signal
constellation mappings to the
available distinguishable transmit
diversity branches and ARQ (re-)
transmissions.”
“As can be seen from FIG. 1 (bars
indicate rows/columns for which the
respective bit equals 1), the mappings of
the in-phase component bits and the
quadrature component bits on the
signal constellation are orthogonal
B. KR100526525B1
“The information bits decoded by the channel decoder 460 are
provided to a CRC checker 470, and the CRC checker 470
detects CRC bits on a packet basis for the information bits and
checks whether an error occurs. do. If it is determined that an
error has occurred, the CRC checker 470 reports this to a
higher layer and requests retransmission of the corresponding
packet.” Yoon at p.
“A method of retransmitting the encoded bits by a retransmission
request from a receiver in a transmitter of a mobile
communication system comprising an encoder for encoding a
string of packet data to generate encoded bits and a modulator for
symbol-mapping the encoded bits to a modulation symbol.”
Yoon at p.
“rearranging the encoded bits mapped to the modulation
symbols according to a predetermined rearrangement pattern
when a request for retransmission is received from the receiver;
and symbol-mapping the rearranged encoded bits and transmitting
them to the receiver.”
A. US20030072292A1
“It is also still another object of the present invention to provide
an apparatus and method for rearranging coded bits mapped to
a retransmission modulation symbol to be transmitted via a
different orthogonal channel from that at an initial
transmission.” Yoon at p. 2, col. 2, par. 32.
“At a second retransmission, the coded bits are rearranged in
their mapping to modulation symbols such that the I-channel bits
and the Q-channel bits are exchanged with each other. Thus
the resulting rearranged coded bits are [q 1, i1, q2, i2]. That is, I-
channel bits and Q-channel bits at the initial transmission become
Q-channel bits and I-channel bits respectively at the second
retransmission. The exchange of I and Q channels effects I-Q
channel phase diversity.” Id. at p. 6, col. 1, par. 101.
-------------------------
B. KR100526525B1
“In the second retransmission, the encoded bits mapped to
each modulation symbol are replaced by the bits of the I
6
(for M-PSK the LLR calculation cannot
be simplified by separating into
complex components, however the
general procedure of bit-reliability
averaging is similar).”
channel and the bits of the Q channel. Rearrange as much as
possible. Here, when the configuration of the rearranged coding
bits is compared with the original configuration, it becomes [q1 i1
q2 i2]. That is, bits transmitted on the I channel at the initial
transmission are transmitted to the Q channel at the second
retransmission, and bits transmitted on the Q channel at the
initial transmission are transmitted to the I channel at the
second retransmission.”

“As described above, in the second retransmission, phase

diversity effects between the IQ channels can be obtained
through the interchange of the I and Q channels.”

COMMENT:
According to the ‘622 Patent, each bit-
to-symbol mapping such as the one
shown in Fig. 1 corresponds to one
diversity branch.

From the ‘622 Patent:

“Assuming that Mapping 1 from FIG.
1 is applied for the bit-to-symbol
mapping for the 1st diversity branch,
the log-likelihood-ratio LLR of the most
significant bit (MSB) i1 and the least
significant bit (LSB) i2 yields the
following equations for a Gaussian
channel: ….”

1.g. demodulating the received A. US20030072292A1

first and second data symbols at
the receiver using the first and
second mappings respectively;
and
1 B. KR100526525B1
“In operation, the demodulator 410 demodulates data received
from the transmitter in a demodulation method corresponding to
the modulation scheme used in the modulator 260. The bit
rearranger 420 rearranges demodulated data on a modulation
symbol basis in a rearrangement method corresponding to that
used in the bit rearranger 250 of the transmitter.” Yoon at p. 5, col.
1, par. 83.
--------------------------
“Referring to FIG. 8, when data is received by a receiver
through a wireless transmission channel in step 510, the

7
 demodulator 410 according to a demodulation method
corresponding to a modulation method promised between the
transmitter and the receiver in step 520. The received data is
demodulated in modulation symbol units to recover encoded
bits. 410 under the control of the rearrangement controller 425.”

1.h. diversity combining the A. US20030072292A1

demodulated data received “The received data is demodulated in modulation symbol units
over the first and second to recover encoded bits. 410 under the control of the
diversity branches, wherein: rearrangement controller 425.”

“The combiner 440 combines the current received coded bits

of a packet with the coded bits of the same packet
accumulated in the buffer 450.” Yoon at p. 5, col. 1, par. 85.
“The deinterleaver 430 deinterleaves the rearranged bits and the
combiner 440 combines the initial transmission bits stored in
the buffer 450 with their retransmission bits.” Yoon at p. 7, col.
1, par. 119.

--------------------------

B. KR100526525B1
“The combiner 440 combines the encoded bits stored in the
buffer 450 with the currently received encoded bits and
outputs the same packet.”

“The deinterleaved encoding bits from the deinterleaver 430 are

provided to the combiner 440 to be combined with previously
received bits for the same packet. That is, the combiner 440
combines and outputs the coded bits received again for the
same packet as the coded bits received during the initial
transmission. If retransmission is performed several times, the
encoded bits received at each retransmission and the currently
received encoded bits are accumulated and combined. As
described above, the combining is performed on encoded bits
constituting the same packet.”

8
1.i. the first and second A. US20030072292A1
mapping of said higher order “Upon generation of a memory address to be read, the
modulation schemes are pre- interleaver reads a bit at the address. When the interleaver is
stored in a memory table. integrated with the bit rearranger, the integrated interleaver
generates as many read addresses as included in one
---------------- modulation symbol according to a modulation scheme, and
From the ’622 Patent: rearranges the memory addresses according to a
“The scheme, i.e. the sequence of rearrangement pattern. Then, bits are output from the memory
signal constellation patterns used according to the addresses.” Yoon. at p. 8, col. 1, par. 143.
for modulating/-demodulating are
either pre-stored in the “According to another aspect of the present invention, in a
transmitter and the receiver or are
transmitter, a bit rearranger rearranges coded bits in a
signalled by transmitter to the
receiver prior to usage.” predetermined rearrangement pattern upon request of a
receiver for retransmission and a modulator maps the rearranged
bits to modulation symbols.” Id. at. p. 2, par. 35.

“At an initial transmission, the integrated interleaver reads bits

from the memory according to the read addresses in the above
order. At a first retransmission, the read addresses are rearranged
in units of four bits of [ 100, 105, 104, 107] and [101, 102, 103,
106]. Then, the memory outputs bits in the order of the
rearranged read addresses. From a second retransmission on,
the order of read addresses are altered according to the
rearrangement patterns illustrated in FIG. 9.” Id. at p. 8, col. 1,
par. 145.

“When the interleaver is integrated with the bit rearranger, the

integrated interleaver generates as many read addresses as
included in one modulation symbol according to a modulation
scheme, and rearranges the memory addresses according to a
rearrangement pattern. Then, bits are output from the
memory according to the addresses.” Id. at o, 8, par. 143.

--------------------------
B. KR100526525B1
“On the other hand, if it is determined that the same packet is
retransmission in step 350, the bit rearranger 250 outputs the
encoded bits from the interleaver 240 according to a
predetermined rearrangement pattern in units of modulation
symbols used by the modulator 260.”

9

(cont.)
1.i. the first and second
mapping of said higher order
modulation schemes are pre-
stored in a memory table.
----------------
From the ’622 Patent:
“The scheme, i.e. the sequence of
signal constellation patterns used
for modulating/-demodulating are
either pre-stored in the
transmitter and the receiver or are
signalled by transmitter to the
receiver prior to usage.”
“The interleaver integrated with the bit rearranger generates read
addresses for reading the bits stored in the memory by the
number of bits constituting one modulation symbol according
to a corresponding modulation scheme, and generates the
generated memory addresses in a corresponding
retransmission pattern.”
--------------------------
C. US 6,298,092
The relations between the minimum Euclidean distances dmin,
required for all possible mapping schemes and the corresponding
quality parameters are also conveniently stored in a database.
Transmit unit 50 also has a controller 66 connected to coding and
modulation unit 56 and to switch 60. A database 78 of proposed
mapping schemes is connected to controller 66. Database 78
conveniently contains tables, e.g., two tables: one for diversity
coding and one for spatial multiplexing, or one integrated table or
look-up table for both diversity coding and spatial multiplexing.
The table or tables contain modulation rates, coding rates,
throughputs, and minimum Euclidean distances for mapping
schemes employing diversity coding and for mapping schemes
employing spatial multiplexing. The tables or table can also
include a mapping index column, as does table 1, to simplify
the identification of the coding and modulation rates to be used
in the proposed mapping schemes. In an integrated table the
mapping index can serve as a mapping scheme index to
identify all mapping parameters, i.e., whether diversity coding
or spatial multiplexing is employed and at what coding rate,
modulation rate, throughput and associated minimum Euclidean
distance. The convenience of using one mapping scheme index
resides in the fact that feed back of mapping scheme index to
transmit unit 50 does not require much bandwidth.
10