144 5 Ll © mince G@ Mal ood on a power sper © sate petro throat mime ala @® cot tooatohting LIGHTING: ARRANGEMENT Forms of Lighting for Internal Areas Direct, symmetrical lighting + @) is preferred forall general illumination of work rooms, meeting rooms, rooms in public use and circulation zones. The required level of illumination can be achieved with celativey litle electrical ower: standard values for specific loadings are given on 9, 147, Whon designing a lighting system, an angle of ilurmination between 70° and 90° should be tried first. Downlights wall floods, louvre lighting). (2) can provide uniform wail tllumination while the effect on the fest of the room is that of direct lighting. Wall floods on 9 power supply rail» @ can also give uniform wall iMumination aver the required area, depending on the separation between the lamp and the wall; up to 800ix can be achieved. Fluorescent lamps and halogen filament lamps ‘can also be used Will floods for ceiling installation to provide low room light or illumination of one wall. These ccan also make use of halogen filament lamps and fluorescent lamps. Downlighting with directed spotlights - @ using a lular arrangement of lamps on the celling and swiveling reflectors can give different lighting levels in the room Halogen filament lamps are most suitable, in particular those with low-voltage oulbs, Indirect lighting -+ @ can give an impression of a bright oom free of glare even at low lighting levels, although the room must be sufficiently high and careful ceiling design is needed to give the required luminance. Energy consumption in this form of lighting is up to three times higher than for direct lighting so combinations are often used (e.g, 70% direct, 30% indirect) providing the room height is adequate h23m) ~ (. Fluorescent lamps are Usually used in directindirect lighting, but they may also be ‘combined with filament lamps. Ceiling and floor floods @ - @ are employed to illuminate eeiling and floor surfaces, They usually use halogen filament or fluorescent lamps, although high pressure discharge lamps are algo a possibility, Wall ights {9 are principally used for decorative wall lighting and ean also incorporate special effects (e.9. using colour fiters or prisms). To a limited extent, they can also bbe used for the illumination of ceilings or floors, Wall foodlights and spotlights on power supply rails +@-@ are particularly useful in sale rooms, exhibitions, museums and galleries. With wall floodlights, typical requirements are for verica! illumination levels of SOx, 150Ix ‘0F 3001; flament and fluorescent lamps are usualy preferred For spotlights, the basic light emission angles are 10" spot), 20° (highlight’) and 80°(flood'). The angle of the light cone ‘an be varied by passing the light through lenses (sculptured lenses, Fresnel lenses), and the spectrum of the light can be varied using UV and IR fiters and colour fiters. Shading can be arranged by means of louvres and anti-glare laps. @® Foor noosighting © Seiten sees © Mat tocdon power suvely (3) Seetaht on power seply