Aws A5.1 (1991) PDF

COPYRIGHT American Welding Society, Inc.
Licensed by Information Handling Services

Keywords - Carbon steel electrodes, shielded ANSI/AWS A5.1-91
metal arc welding welding An American National Standard
electrodes, covered electrodes,
arc welding, filler metal
specification Approved by
American National Standards Institute
February 14,1991
Specification for
Carbon Steel Electrodes
for
Shielded Metal Arc Welding
Supersedes A W S A5.1-81
Prepared by
A W S Committee on Filler Metal
Under the direction of

AWS Technical Activities Committee
Approved by
AWS Board of Directors
Abstract
This specification establishes the requirements for classification of carbon steel electrodes for shielded
metal arc welding. The requirements include mechanical properties of weld metal, weld metal soundness,
and usabilityof electrode. Requirements for chemical composition of the weld metal, moisture content
of low
hydrogen electrode coverings, standard sizes andlengths, marking, manufacturing, and packaging are also
included. A guide to the useof the standard is included inan Appendix.
Optional supplemental requirements include improved toughness and ductility, lower moisture contents,
and diffusible hydrogen limits.
A American Welding Society

v 550 N.W. LeJeune Ro.ad, P.O. Box 351040,Miami, FL 33135

Statement on Use of AWS Standards
All standards (codes, specifications, recommended practices, methods, classifications, and guides) of the
American Welding Society are voluntary consensus standards that havebeen developed in accordance with
the rules of the American National Standards Institute.When AWS standards are either incorporated in, or
made partof, documents that areincluded in federal or statelaws and regulations, or theregulations of other
governmental bodies, their provisions carry the full legal authority of the statute. In
such cases, any changes in
those AWS standards mustbe approved by the governmentalbody having statutory jurisdiction before they
can become a partof those laws and regulations. In all cases, these standards carry the full legal authority of
the contract or other document thatinvokes the AWS standards. Where this contractual relationship exists,
changes in or deviations from requirements of an AWS standard must be by agreement between the con-
tracting parties.
International Standard Book Number: 0-87 17 1-349-7
American Welding Society,

550 N.W. LeJeune Road, P. O. Box 351040, Miami, Florida 33135
@ 199 1 by American Welding Society. All rights reserved

Printed in the United Statesof America
Note: The primary purposeof AWS is to serve and benefit its members.To this end, AWS provides a forum
for the exchange, consideration, anddiscussion of ideas andproposals that arerelevant to the welding indus-
try and theconsensus of which forms the basis for these standards. By providing such a forum,AWS does not
assume any dutiesto which a user of these standards may be required to adhere. By publishing this standard,
the American Welding Society does not insure anyoneusing the information it containsagainst any liability
arising from that use. Publication of a standardby the American Welding Society does not carry with it any
right to make, use, or sell any patented items. Users of the information in this standard should make an
independent investigation of the validity of that information for their particular use and the patent statusof
any item referred to herein.
This standard is subject to revision at any time by the AWS Filler Metal Committee. It must be reviewed
every five years and if not revised, it mustbe either reapproved or withdrawn. Comments (recommendations,
additions, or deletions) and any pertinent data that may be of use in improving this standard arerequested
and should be addressed to AWS Headquarters, Such comments will receive careful consideration by the
AWS Filler Metal Committee and the authorof the commentswill be informedof the committee’s response
to the comments. Guests are invited to attend all meetings of the AWS Filler Metal Committee to express
their comments verbally. Procedures for appeal of an adverse decision concerning all such comments are
provided in the Rules of Operation of the Technical Activities Committee. A copy of these Rules can be
obtained from the American Welding Society, 550 N.W. LeJeune Road, P. O. Box 351040, Miami, Florida
33135.

Personnel
AWS Committee on Filler Metal
W; L. Wilcox, Chairman Scott Paper Company

D. J. Kotecki, 1st Vice Chairman Teledyne McKay
D. F. Beb. 2nd Vice Chairman Crane Midwest
W; A. Dierschow, Secretary American Welding Society
Z . AI-Hillal Liquid Carbonic
D. R. Amos Westinghouse Turbine Plant
J. B. Bolton Kennametal
J. Caprarola, Jr. Alloy Rods Corporation
R . J. Christofel General Electric Company
D. A. DelSignore Westinghouse Electric Company
R B. Dìckerson Aluminum Company of America
H. W Ebert Exxon Research and Engineering Company
M. F. Godfiey** Consultant
J. Gonzalez The Lincoln Electric Company
G. Hallstrom, Jr. Nuclear Regulatory Commission
D. C. Helton Consultant
W; S. Howes National Electrical Manufacturers Association
J. P. Hunt Inco Alloys International
G. A. Kurisky Maryland Specialty Wire
R. A.LaFave Elliott Company
N. E. Larson Union Carbide Corp.
A. S. Laurenson Consultant
G. H. MacShane Stoody Deloro Stellite, Incorporated
L. B. Matthew Harley Davidson York, Incorporated
W ; F. McLaughlin Chrysler Corporation
M. T Merlo Tri-Mark, Incorporated
G. E. Metzger Wright-Patterson AFB
J. W Mortimer Consultant
L. W; Mott Hobart Brothers Company
C. L. Null Naval Sea Systems Command
Y: Ogata Kobe Steel America, Incorporated
J, Payne Schneider Services International
R. L. Peaslee Wall Colmonoy Corporation
E. W Pickering Combustion Engineering, Incorporated
L. F. Roberts Canadian Welding Bureau
D. Rozet Consultant
R K. Salvesen American Bureau of Shipping
O. W ; Seth CBI Na-Con, Incorporated
R. W; Straiton Bechtel Group, Incorporated
R. D. Sutton L-Tec Welding and Cutting Systems
J. W ; Tackett Haynes International Incorporated
"Advisor
iii

AWS A 5 . L 91 0784265 0033765 L
R. D. Thomas, Jr. R. D. Thomas and Company

R. T Webster Teledyne Wah Chang
W; A. Wiehe Hoskins Manufacturing Company
F, J. Winsor Consultant
K. G. Wold Aqua-Chem, Incorporated
T J. Wonder Rexham Aerospace and Defense Group
L. J. Christensen" Consultant
R. L. Harris* Southern California Edison
P. A. Kammer" Eutectic Corporation
R. K. Lee* Consultant
L. M. Malik* Consultant
S. D. Reynolds, Jr.* Westinghouse Electric Corporation
H. S. Sayre* Consultant
R. Timerman* Conarco, S.A.
A . E. Wiehe" Consultant
*Advisor
AWS Subcommittee on Carbon andLow Alloy Steel Electrodes and

Rods for Shielded Metal Arc and Oxyfuel Gas Welding
R. A. LaFave, Chairman Elliott Company

E. W Pickering, Vice Chairman Combustion Engineering, Incorporated
W.A . Diemhow, Secretary American Welding Society
Z. Al-Hillal Liquid Carbonic
D. F. Betz Crane Midwest
L. A. Colarossi** Consultant
H. W Ebert Exxon Research and Engineering Company
E. A . Flynn Sun R and M
G. L. Franke David Taylor Research Center
A . L. Gombach Champion Welding Products
J. Gonzalez The Lincoln Electric Company
D. J. Kotecki Teledyne McKay
G. A . Leclair Foster Wheeler Energy Corporation
R.H. Marsh Consultant
Y; Ogata Kobe Steel America, Incorporated
M. I? Parekh Hobart Brothers Company
L. J. Privoznik Westinghouse Electric Corporation
M. A . Quintana General Dynamics Corporation
L. F. Roberts Canadian Welding Bureau
D. Rozet Consultant
P. K. Salvesen American Bureau of Shipping
O. W; Seth CBI Na-Con, Incorporated
M. S. Sierdzinski Alloy Rods Corporation
R. D. Sutton L-Tec Welding and Cutting Systems
R. A. Swain Welders Supply, Incorporated
K. J. Walsh Trimark, Incorporated
W: L. Wilcox Scott Paper Company
A. H. Miller" DISC
R. Timerman* Conarco, S.A.
A . E, Wiehe" Consultant
"Advisor
** Deceased
iv

Foreword
(This Foreword is not a part of ANSIIAWS A5.1-91 Specfzcationfor Carbon Steel Electrodesfor Shielded
Metal Arc Welding,but is included for information purposesonly.)
This specification isthe latest revision of the first filler metal specificationissued over 50 yearsago, The
initial 1940 document and the three revisions within the next five wereyears
prepared by a joint committee
of the American Society forTesting and Materials andthe American Welding Society. However, they were
issued with only an ASTM specification designation.The 1948 revisionwas the first specificationissued with
the AWS designation appearing on the document. The 1969 revisionwas the first time that the document was
issued without the ASTM designation.
The currentdocument is the eleventh revisionof this very popular specification and the fourthprepared
exclusively by the AWS Filler Metal Committee. It contains a number of significant revisions from
ANSIIAWS A5.1-8 1.
Document Development:
ASTM A233-40T Tentative Specifications for Iron and Steel Arc-Welding Electrodes
ASTM A233-48T TentativeSpecificationsfor Mild Steel Arc-Welding Electrodes
AWS A5.1-48T
ASTM A233-55T TentativeSpecifications for MildSteel
AWS A5.1-55T
Arc-Welding Electrodes
ASTM A233-58TTentativeSpecificationforMild Steel
AWS A5.1-58T Arc-Welding Electrodes
AWS A5.1-64T TentativeSpecificationfor Mild Steel Covered
ASTM A233-64T Arc-Welding Electrodes
AWS A5.1-69 SpecificationforMildSteelCovered Arc-Welding
ANSI W3.1-1973 Electrodes
ANSUAWS A5.1-78 Specification for Carbon Steel Covered Arc-Welding Electrodes
ANSVAWS A5.1-8 1 Specification for Carbon Steel Covered Arc-Welding Electrodes
Comments and suggestions for the improvementof this standard arewelcome. They should be sent to the
Secretary, Filler Metal Committee, American Welding Society, 550 N.W. LeJeune Road, P. O. Box 351040,
Miami, Florida 33135.
by sending a
Official interpretationsof any of the technical requirementsof this standard may be obtained
request, in writing,
to theTechnical Director, American Welding Society. A formal reply
will be issued after
it
has been reviewed by the appropriate personnelfollowing established procedures.

AWS A 5 . 1 71 W 0 7 8 Y 2 b 5 00117b7 5
Table of Contents
Page No .
Pessonnel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
...
111
Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . V
...
ListofTables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v111
ListofFiguses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix
1. Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Past A .General Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
2. Classification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
3. Acceptance ............................................................ 1
4 . Certification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
5. Units of Measure and Rounding-Off Procedure ................................ 1
Part B .Tests. Procedures. and Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
6. SummaryofTests ....................................................... 2
7. Retest ................................................................ 3
8. Weld Test Assemblies .................................................... 3
9. Chemical Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
1O . Radiographic Test ....................................................... 8
11. TensionTest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
.
12 BendTest ............................................................. 17
13. ImpactTest ............................................................ 20
14. Fillet Weld Test ......................................................... 20
15. MoistureTest .......................................................... 24
16. Absorbed Moisture Test .................................................. 27
17. Diffusible Hydrogen Test ................................................. 28
vi

0 0 10A
AUS 177
586-4182 b951 ' W 7 I
Part C - Manl&acture, IdentiJication,andPackaging .................................. 29
18. Method of Manufacture .................................................. 29
19. Standard Sizes andLengths.

- ............................................... 29
20. CoreWireandCovering .................................................. 29
21. ExposedCore .......................................................... 29 I
22. Electrode Identification. . . . . . . . . . .......................... ............... 30
r¿iCK¿iglIlg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
q? n--i---:-- ?A
L3. 3U I
24. Marking of Packages ..................................................... 31
Appendix - Guide to AWSSpeciJicationfor Carbon Steel Electrodes

for Shielded Metal ArcWelding
Al. Introduction ............................................................ 33
A2. Classification System ..................................................... 33
A3. Acceptance
- ............................................................. 34
A4. Certification .................................. ......................... . 34
I
A c xr--~:t-~:-- xxr-~~:--
r\..-:--
................................................ ? A
34 l
A6.Welding Considerations ........................... . . . 35

.....................
of Electrodes. ...................................
I-
A7.Use
Description
Intended and 38
A8. Modification of Moisture Test Apparatus ...................................... 44
A9. SpecialTests ....................................................... . . . . . 44

LlaSslllCaLlUIlS. ................................................
A 1 n -
n:__--_L:-__ 1 -1-- ":CI --r: A C
I Alu. uIsConlIIlucu 43 I
e:.
AWS Filler Metal Related Documents . . . . . . . . . . . . ......................... (Inside back cover)
vii

List of Tables
Table Page No .
1 Electrode Classification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
2 Tension Test Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
3 Charpy V-Notch Impact Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
4 RequiredTests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
5 Base Metalfor Test Assemblies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
6 Requirements for Preparation of Fillet WeldTest Assemblies ...................... 14
7 Chemical CompositionRequirements for Weld Metal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
8 Radiographic Soundness Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
9 DimensionalRequirements for Fillet Weld Usability Test Specimens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
10 MoistureContentLimits in Electrode Coverings ............................... 28
11 Diffusible Hydrogen Limits For Weld Metal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
12 Standard Sizes and Lengths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Al Canadian Electrode Classifications Similar to AWS classifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
A2 Typical Storage and Drying Conditionsfor Covered Arc Welding Electrodes . . . . . . . . . . 37
A3 Typical Amperage Ranges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
A4 Discontinued Electrode Classifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
...
v111

List of Figures
Figure Page No .
1 Pad for Chemical Analysis of Undiluted Weld Metal ............................ 8
2 Groove Weld Test Assembly for Mechanical Properties and Soundness Except for E6022
andE7018MElectrodes ................................................. 9
3 Fillet Weld Test Assembly ................................................. 10
4 Test Assembly for TransverseTension and Longitudinal Guided Bend Tests for Welds
Made with E6022 Electrodes............................................. 11
5 Groove Weld Test Assembly for Mechanical Properties and Soundnessof Weld Metal
Made with E7018M Electrode............................................ 12
6 Welding Positions for Fillet Weld Test Assemblies .............................. 17
7 Radiographic Acceptance Standards for Rounded Indications (Grades 1 and 2) ....... 18
8 All-Weld-Metal Tension Test Specimen Dimensions ............................. 21
9 Transverse Tension Test Specimen (E6022).................................... 21
10 Longitudinal Guided-Bend Test Specimen (E6022).............................. 22
11 BendTestJigs .......................................................... 22
12 Charpy V-Notch Impact Test Specimen ...................................... 24
13 Dimensions of Fillet Welds ................................................ 25
14 Alternative Methods of Facilitating Fracture of the Fillet Weld .................... 26
15 Schematic of Train for Moisture Determinations ............................... 26
16 Order of Electrode Mandatory and Optional Supplemental Designators.............. 31
ix

Specification for Carbon Steel Electrodes for
Shielded Metal Arc Welding
I. Scope 4. Certification
This specification prescribes requirements for By affixing the AWS specification and cIassification
the classification of carbon steel electrodes for designations to the packaging, or the classification to
shielded metal arc welding. the product, the manufacturer certifies that the prod-
uct meets the requirements of this spe~ifïcation.~
Part A
5. Units of Measure and Rounding-
General Requirements Off Procedure
5.1 U. S. Customary Units are the standard units of
2. Classification measure in this specification. The SI Units are given
2.1 The welding electrodes covered by thisspecifi- as equivalent values to the U.S. Customary Units.
cation are classified according to the following: The standard sizes and dimensions in the two systems
(1) Type of current (Table 1) are not identical, and for this reason, conversion from
(2) Type of covering (Table I) a standard size or dimension in one system will not
(3) Welding position (Table 1) always coincide with a standard size or dimension in
(4) Mechanical propertiesof the weld metal in the the other. Suitable conversions, encompassing stan-
as-welded or aged condition (Tables 2 and 3) dard sizes ofboth, can be made, however, appropri-
if
ate tolerances are applied in each case.
2.2 Material classified under one classification
5.2 For the purpose of determining conformance
shall not be classified under any other classification
with this specification, an observed or calculated
in this specification, except that E701 8M may also
value shall be rounded tothe “nearest unit” of the last
be classified as E7018 provided the electrode meets
right-hand placeof figures usedin expressing the lim-
all of the requirements of both classifications.
iting value in accordance with the round-off method
of ASTMPractice E29 for Using SigniJicantDigits in
3. Acceptance Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specijìca-
ti on^.^
Acceptance’ of the welding electrodes shall be in
accordance with the provisions of the ANSIIAWS Welding Society, 550 N.W. LeJeune Road, P. O. Box
A5.01, Filler Metal Procurement Guidelines.2 351040, Miami, Florida 33135.
3. See A4 (in the Appendix) for further information con-
cerning certification and the testing called for to meet this
1. See A3 (in the Appendix)for further information con- requirement.
cerning acceptance, testing of the material shipped, and 4. ASTM standards canbe obtained from the American So-
ANSIIAWS A5.01 Filler Metal Procurement Guidelines. ciety for Testing and Materials, 1916 Race Street, Philadel-
2. AWS standards can be obtained from the American phia, Pennsylvania 19103.

AWS A 5 . 1 71 0784265 0011772 7
~~ ~~~~ ~~ ~ ~
Table 1
Electrode Classification
AWS Type Welding
Classification Type of Covering Positiona Currentb
E6010 High cellulose sodium
dcep F,V,OH,H
E601 1 High cellulose potassium F,V,OH,H dcep or ac
E60 12 High titania sodium F,V,OH,H or acdcen
E6013 High titania potassium dcepF,V,OH,H
ac, or dcen
E60 19 Iron oxide titania potassium F,V,OH,H, or
ac, dcep dcen
E6020 High iron oxide ac or dcen

ac, dcep or dcen
E6022C oxide High iron ac or dcen
{ F-fi11ets
E6027 High iron oxide, iron ac or dcen
powder ac, dcep or dcen
E70 14 Iron powder, titania F,V,OH,H ac, dcep or dcen
E70 15d Low hydrogen sodium F,V,OH,H dcep
E70 16d hydrogen
Low potassium F,V,OH,H ac or dcep
E70 18d Low hydrogen potassium, F,V,OH,H ac or dcep
iron powder
E7018M Low hydrogen iron powder F,V,OH,H dcep
E7024d Iron powder, titania H-fillets,F ac, dcep or dcen
E7027 High iron oxide, iron ac or dcen
powder {P l e t s ac, dcep or dcen
Low hydrogen potassium, H-fillets,F ac or dcep
iron powder
Low hydrogen potassium, F,OH,H,V-down ac or dcep
iron powder
Notes:
a. The abbreviations indicate thewelding positions as follows:
F = Flat
H = Horizontal
H-fillets = Horizontal fillets
V-down = Vertical with downward progression
V = Vertical ] [For electrodes 3/16in.(4.8mm)andunder, except 5/32 in. (4.0mm)
OH = Overhead and under for classifications E7014, E701 5 , E7016, E701 8, and E701 8M.
b. The term “dcep” refers to direct current electrode positive (dc,reverse polarity). The term “dcen” refers to direct
current electrode negative (dc, straight polarity).
c. Electrodes of the E6022 classification are intended forsingle-pass welds only.
d. Electrodes with supplemental elongation, notch toughness, absorbed moisture, and diffusiblehydrogen requirements
may be further identified as shown in Tables 2, 3, 10, and 11.
properties, and soundness of the weld metal; mois-

Part B ture content of the low hydrogen electrode cover-
Tests, Procedures, and ing; and the usability of the electrode. The base
metal for the weld test assemblies, the welding and
Requirements testing procedures to be employed, and the results
required are given in Sections 8 through 17.
The supplemental tests for absorbed moisture, in
6. Summary of Tests Section 16, Absorbed Moisture Test, and diffusible
hydrogen, in Section17, Diffusible Hydrogen Test,
The tests required for each classification are spec-
are not required for classification of the low hydro-
ified in Table4. The purpose of these teststoisde- gen electrodes except for E701 8M, where these are
termine the chemical composition, mechanical required. See Notesj and n of Table 4.

3
Table 2
Tension Test Requirernentss~b~c
Yield Strength Elongation in 2
AWS Strength
Tensile 0.2% at Offset in. (50.8 mm)
Classification ksi MPa ksi MPa Percent
E6010 60 414 48 33 1 22
E601 1 60 414 48 33 1 22
E60 12 60 414 48 33 1 17
E6013 60 414 48 331 17
E60 19 60 414 48 33 1 22
E6020 60 414 48 33 1 22
E6022d 60 414 not specified not specified
E6027 60 414 48 33 1 22
E7014 70 482 58 399 17
E70 15 70 399 482 58 22
E701 6 70 399 482 58 22
E701 8 70 399 482 58 22
E7024 70 399 482 58 17e
E7027 70 399 482 58 22
E7028 70 482 58 399 22
E7048 70 399 482 58 22
E70 1SM note g 482 53-72f 365-496f 24
Notes:
a. See Table 4 for sizes to be tested.
b. Requirements are in the as-welded condition with aging as specified in 11.3.
c.Single values are minimum.
d. A transverse tension test, as specified in 11.2 and Figure 9 and a longitudinal guided bendtest, as specified in Sec-
tion 12, Bend Test, and Figure 10, are required.
e. Weld metal from electrodes identified as E7024-1 shall have elongation of 22 % minimum.
f. For 3/32 in. (2.4mm) electrodes, the maximum for the yield strength shall be 77 ksi (531 MPa).
g. Tensile strength of this weld metal is a nominal 70 ksi (482 MPa).
7. Retest (4) The groove weld in Figure 4 for transverse

tensile and longitudinal bend tests forwelds made
If the results of any test fail to meet the require- with the E6022 single pass electrode
ment, that test shall be repeatedtwice. The results (5) The groove weld in Figure 5 for mechanical
of both retests shall meet the requirement. Speci- properties and soundnessof weld metal made with
mens for retestmay be taken from the original test the E7018M electrode
assembly or from a new test assembly. For chemical The sample for chemical analysis may be taken
analysis, retest need be only for those specificele- from a low dilution area either the
in groove weld in
ments that failed to meet the test requirement. Figure 2 or 5 or in thefractured all-weld-metal ten-
sion test specimen, thereby avoiding the need to
make a weld pad. In case of dispute, the weld pad
8. Weld Test Assemblies shall bethe referee method.
8.1 One or more of the following five weld test as-
semblies are required. 8.2 Preparation of each weld test assembly shall be
(1) The weld pad in Figure1 for chemical analysis as prescribed in 8.3 through8.5. The base metal for
of the undiluted weld metal each assembly shall be as required in Table 5 and
(2) The groove weld in Figure 2 for mechanical shall meet the requirements of the ASTM specifica-
properties and soundnessof the weld metal tion shown there or an equivalent specification.
(3) The fillet weld in Figure 3 for the usability of Testing of the assemblies shall be as prescribed in
the electrode Sections 9 through 14.

AWS A 5 - 1 91 W 07842b5 0011774 2 W
Table 3
Charpy V-Notch Impact Requirements
Limits for 3 out of 5 Specimensa
AWS
Classification Average, Min. Single Value, Min.
E6010, E601 1,
E6027, E701 5, 20 ft-lb at -20°F 15 ft-lb at -20°F
E70 16b, E70 1Sb, (27 J at -29°C) (20 J at -29°C)
E7027, E7048
E60 19
E7028 1 20 ft-lb at 0°F
(27 J at -1 8 “C)
15 ft-lb at 0°F
(20 J at -18°C)
E60 12, E60 13,
E6020, E6022, Not Specified Not Specified
E70 14, E7024b
Limits for 5 out of 5 SpecimensC
Average, Min. Single Value, Min.
E70 1SM 50 ft-lb at -20°F 40 ft-lb at -20°F
(67 J at -29°C) (54 J at -29°C)
~
Notes:
a. Both the highest and lowest test values obtained shall be disregarded in computing the av-
erage. Two of these remaining three values shall equal or exceed 20 ft-lb (27 J).
b. Electrodes with the following optional supplemental designations shall meet the lower tem-
perature impact requirementsspecified below:
Charpy V-Notch Impact Requirements,
AWS Electrode Limits for 3 out of 5 specimens (Refer to
Classification Designation Note a above)
Average, Min. Single Value, Min.
E70 16
E701 8 E7018-1
E7016-1 I 20 ft-lb at -50°F
(27 J at
-46°C)
15 ft-lb at -50°F
-46°C)
(20 J at
E7024 E7024-1 20 ft-lb at 0°F ft-lb 15 at 0°F
(27 J -18°C)
at (20 J -18°C)
at
~~
c. All five values obtained shall be used in computing the average. Four of the five values
shall equal, or exceed, 50 ft-lb (67 J).
Electrodes other than low hydrogen electrodes the base metalon which the filler metal is deposited
shall be tested without “conditioning”. Low hydro- shall be clean. The pad shall be welded in the flat
gen electrodes, if they have not been adequately position with multiple layers to obtain undiluted
protected against moisture pickup in storage, shall weld metal. The preheat temperature shall not be
be held at a temperature of 500 to 800°F (260 to less than 60°F (16°C) and the interpass tempera-
427 “ C )for a minimum of one hour prior totesting. ture shall not exceed 300°F (1 50°C). Theslag shall
be removed after each pass. The pad may be
8.3 Weld Pad. A weld pad, when required, shall be quenched in water between passes. The dimensions
prepared asspecified in Figure 1. Base metal of any of the completed pad shall be as shownin Figure 1.
convenient sizeof the type specified in Table 5 shall Testing of this assembly shall be asspecified in Sec-
be used as thebase for the weld pad. Thesurface of tion 9, Chemical Analysis.

5
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O784265 0033778 T W
Bend Test. The assembly shall betested in theaged

L, LENGTH (SEE NOTE 9)
condition.
WELD METAL W, WIDTH 8.5 Fillet Weld. A test assembly shall be prepared
(SEE NOTE 9)
and welded as specified in Table 4 and Figure 3 using
base metal of the appropriate type specified in Table
5 . The welding positions shall be as specified in Table
6 and Figures 3 and 6 according to thesize and classi-
‘4
H,HEIGHT
(SEE NOTE 9)
Notes:
BASE METAL
fication of electrode. Testing the
as specified in Section 14,
of assembly shall be
Fillet Weld Test.
1. Base metal of any convenient size, of any type specified in

Table 5, shall be used as the base for the weld pad.
9. Chemical Analysis
2. The surface of the base metal on which the filler metal is to
be deposited shall be clean. 9.1 The sample for analysis shall be taken from
3. The pad shall be welded in the flat position with successive weld metal obtained with the electrode. The sample
layers to obtain undiluted weld metal. shall come from a weld pad or from a low dilution
4. One pad shall be welded for each type of current shown in area in the fractured all-weld-metal tension speci-
Table 4 except for those classifications identifiedby note L
in Table 4. men or the groove weld in Figures 2 or 5. Areas
5. The number and size of the beads will vary according to the where arc starts or cratersexist shall be avoided.
size of the electrode and the width of the weave, as well as The top surface of the pad described in 8.3 and
the amperage employed. shown in Figure 1 shall be removed and discarded,
6. The preheat temperature shall not be less than 60°F (16°C) and a sample foranalysis shall be obtainedfrom the
and the interpass temperature shall not exceed 300°F
(150°C). underlying metal by any appropriate mechanical
7. The slag shall be removed after each pass. means. The sample shall be free of slag and shall be
8. The test assembly may be quenched in water between taken at least 1/4 in. (6.4 mm) from the nearest sur-
passes to control lnterpass temperature. face of the base metal.
9. The minimum completed pad size shall be at least four The low dilution areain the fractured tension test
layers in height (H) with length (L) and width (W) sufficient
to perform analysis. The sample for analysis shall be taken specimen or in the groove weld in Figures 2 or 5
at least 114 in. (6.4 mm) above the original base metal shall be prepared for analysis by any suitable me-
surface. chanical means.
9.2 The sample shall be analyzed by accepted ana-

Figure 1 - Pad for Chemical Analysis of lytical methods. The referee method shall be ASTM
Undiluted Weld Metal Standard Method E350,Chemical Analysis of Car-
bon Steel, Low Alloy Steel, SiliconElectrical Steel,
8.4 GrooveWeld Ingot Iron and Wrought Iron.
9.3 The results of the analysis shall meet the re-

8.4.1 MechanicalProperties and Soundness. A quirements of Table 7 for the classification of the
test assembly shall be preparedand welded as speci- electrode under test.
fied in Figures 2 or 5 using base metal of the appro-
priate type specified in Table 5. Testing of this
assembly shall be as specified in Section 1 1, Tension
Test, and Section 13, Impact Test. The assembly
IO. Radiographic Test
shall be tested in the as-welded or aged condition.
10.1 When required inTable 4, the groove weld de-
scribed in 8.4.l and shown in Figure 2 or 5 shall be
8.4.2 Transverse Tension and Bend Tests. A test radiographed to evaluate the soundness of the weld
assembly shall be prepared and welded as specified metal. In preparation for radiography, thebacking
in Figure 4 using base metalof the appropriate type shall be removed, and both surfaces of the weld
specified in Table 5. Testing of this assembly shall shall be machined or ground smooth. The finished
be as specified in 1 1.2 through 1 1.4 and Section 12, surface of the weld may be flush with the plate or

9
- 1 MIN
(A) TEST ASSEMBLY SHOWING LOCATION OF TEST SPECIMEN
SI Equivalents
-
in. mm -
1 14 6.4
1 25
127 5
10 254
WELD
SECTION
WELD
AA $ SECTION BB
(B) ORIENTATION AND LOCATION OF (C) LOCATION OF ALL-WELD-METAL
IMPACT TEST SPECIMEN TENSION TEST SPECIMEN
D Electrode Size
mm
in.
3132 2.4 112
(T)
Plate Thickness
mmin.
13
mmin.
318
(R)
Root Opening
10
Passes
Per Laver
2
Total
Lavers
Inot
specified
118 3.2 112 13 112 13 2 5 to 7
5/32 4.0 314 20 518 16 2 7 to 9
3/16 4.8 2 314 20 314 20 6 to 8
7/32 5.6 2 314 20 718 23 6 to 8
114 6.4 1 25 1 25 2 9 to 1 1
5/16 8.0 1-114 32 1-118 28 2 10 to 12
Notes:
1. All dimensions except angles are in inches.
2. For electrodes longer than 18 in. (450 mm), a 20 in. (500 mm) minimum length test assembly shall be welded.
3. Base metal shall be as specified in Table 5.
4. The surfaces to be welded shall be clean.
5. Prior to welding, the assembly may be preset to yield a welded joint sufficiently flat to facilitate removal of the test specimens.
As an alternative, restraint or a combination of restraint and presetting may be used to keep the welded joint within 5 deg of
plane. A welded test assembly that is more than 5 deg out of plane shall be discarded. Straightening of the test assembly is
prohibited.
6. Welding shall be in the flat position, using each type of current specifiedin Table 4 except for classifications identified by Note L
in Table 4.
7. The preheat temperature shall be 225°F (105°C)minimum. The interpass temperature shall not be less than 225°F (105°C) nor
more than 350°F (175°C).
8. The joint root may be seal welded with 3/32 or 118 in. (2.4 or 3.2 mm) electrodes using stringer beads.
9. In addition to the stops and starts at the ends, each pass shall contain a stop and start in between the ends.
IO. The completed weld shallbe at least flush with the surface of the test plate.
Figure 2 - Groove Weld Test Assembly for Mechanical Properties and

Soundness Except for E6022 and E7018M Electrodes

10
APPROX 1 N
I,.
CUT HERE FOR END OF WELD MADE

MACRO EXAMINATION SECTION WITH FIRST ELECTRODE.
SEE NOTE B IN TABLE 6.
SI Equivalents
mm -
in. -
1 25
3 76
' FLANGE TO BE STRAIGHT AND IN INTIMATE CONTACT

WITH SQUARE MACHINED EDGE OF WEB MEMBER ALONG
ENTIRE LENGTH TO ENSURE MAXIMUM RESTRAINT
Notes:
1. See Table 6 for values of T and L.
4. An assembly shall be welded in each position specified in Table 6 and shown in Figure 6 using each type of current specified in
Table 4.
5. The preheat shall be 60°F (16°C) minimum.
6. A single pass fillet weld shall be made on one side of the joint. The first electrode shall be consumedto a stub length no greater
than 2 in. (50 mm).
7. Welding in the vertical position shall be with upward progression, except for the E7048 classification where progression shall be
downward.
8. Weld cleaning shall be limited to slag chipping, brushing, and needle scaling. Grinding or filing of the weld face in prohibited.
Figure 3 - Fillet Weld Test Assembly

4 MIN I 4 MIN
/- TRANSVERSE TENSION
TEST
SPECIMEN
(SEE FIGURE 9)
3
7
MIN DISCARD
""_
I
10 MIN 6
1 LONGITUDINAL BEND
TEST SPECIMEN
(SEE FIGURE IO)
1
f
c I
1I4 SI Equivalents
102
153
1/16 MAX
ROOT OPENING
Notes:
1. All dimensions are in inches.
4. Prior to welding, the assembly may be preset to yield a welded joint sufficiently flat to facilitate removal of the test specimens. As
an alternative, restraint or a combination of restraint and presetting may be used to keep the welded jointwithin 5 deg of pfane. A
welded test assembly that is more than 5 deg out of plane shall be discarded. Straighteningof the test assembly is prohibited.
5. The assembly shall be welded in the flat position, uslng the type of current specified in Table 4.
6. The preheat temperature shall be 60°F (16°C) min. The interpass temperature shall not exceed 350°F (180°C).
8. Back gouging may be done to ensure sound weld metal through the entire thickness of test assembly.
9. The completed weld shall beat least flush with the surface of the test plate.
Figure 4 - Test Assembly for Transverse Tension and Longitudinal Guided BendTests
for Welds Made With E6022 Electrodes

AWS A 5 - L 91 M 0784265 OOLZ782 Z
-li
t
P- ' MIN t"

lo Il2
LENGT
__c
i- 314 t
POINT OF
TEMPERATURE
MEASUREMENT
B 5 MIN
A l 114 MIN I
! I
-¡
SPECIMENS
TENSION
TEST
SPECIMEN
II
MIN
1
(A) TEST ASSEMBLY LOCATIONS OF TEST SPECIMENS

I-1
SI Equivalents
-
in. -
mm
118 3.2
1I4 6.4
318 9.5
112 12.7
314 19.1
25.4 1
(B) ORIENTATION AND LOCATION (C) LOCATION OF ALL-WELD-METAL 5 127
OF IMPACT
SPECIMEN
TEST
TENSION
SPECIMEN
TEST 254 10
Notes:
1. All dimensions except angles are in inches.
4. Prior to welding, the assembly may be preset to yield a welded joint sufficiently flat to facilitate removal of the test specimens. As
an alternative, restraint or a comblnation of restraint and presetting may be used to keep the welded joint within 5 deg of plane. A
welded test assembly that is more than 5 deg out of plane shall be discarded. Straightening of the test assembly is prohibited.
5. The assembly shall be welded in the vertical position with progression upward for electrodes 5/32 in. (4.0 mm) and less in size,
and in the flat position for electrodes 3116 in. (4.8 mm) and greater in size, using the type of current specified in Table 4 for the
electrode and welding technique recommended by the electrode manufacturer.
6. The preheat temperature and the interpass temperature shall be200-250°F (93-121"C).
7. The welding heat input shall be 30 to 40 kJlin. (12 to 16 kJ/cm) for the 3/32 in. (2.4 mm) size electrodes and 50 to 60 kJ/in. (20
to 24 kJlcm) for the 118 in. (3.2 mm) slze and larger electrodes.
9. The completed weld shall be at least flush with the surface of the test plate. Maximum weld reinforcement shall be 3/16 in. (4.8
mm). Peening of weld beads is not permitted.
Figure 5 - Groove Weld Test Assembly for Mechanical Properties and Soundness of
Weld Metal Made with E7018M Electrodes

13
Table 5
Base Metal for Test Assemblies
Base Metal
ASTM UNS
AWS Classification Type Specificationa Numberb
A131 Grade
B KO2 102
All Carbon steel A285
A Grade KO 1700
A285 Grade
B KO2200
E7018M All except

KO2600 steeI { A285 Grade
A36
C
A283 Grade D
A29 Grade G10150

1015
A29 Grade G10200
1020
-
KO2801
Notes:
a. Equivalent steel may be used.
b. SAE/ASTM Unified Numbering System for Metals and Alloys.
have a reasonably uniform reinforcement not ex- 10.4 A rounded indicationis an indication(on the
ceeding 3/32 in.(2.4 mm). Bothsurfaces of the test radiograph) whose length is no more than three
assembly in the area of the weld shall be smooth times its width. Rounded indications maycircu- be
enough to avoid difficulty in interpreting the
radio- lar, elliptical, conical, or irregular in shape, and they
graph. may have“tails”. The size of a rounded indication
is the largest dimension of the indication,including
any tail thatmay be present.
10.2 The weld shall be radiographed in accordance The indication may be porosity or slag. Indica-
with ASTM Method E142, Controlling Quality of tions whose largest dimension does not exceed 1/64
Radiographic Testing. The quality level of inspec- in. (0.4mm) shall be disregarded. Test assemblies
tion shall be 2-2T. with porosity indications larger than the largest
rounded indications permitted in the radiographic
standards do not meet the requirements of this
10.3 The soundness of the weld metal meets the re- specification.
quirements of this specification if the radiograph
shows the following:
(1) No cracks, no incomplete fusion or incom- 11. Tension Test
plete joint penetration
(2) No slag inclusions longer than 1/4 in. (6.4 11.1 One all-weld-metal tension test specimen
mm) or 1/3 of the thickness of the weld, whichever shall be machined from the groove weld described
is greater, or nogroups of slag inclusions in line that in 8.4.1 as shown in Figure 2 or 5. The dimensions
have anaggregate length greater than thethickness of the specimenshall be as shown in Figure 8.
of the weld in a length 12 times thethickness of the
weld, except when the distance between the succes- 11.2 For E6022 electrodes, one transverse tension
sive inclusions exceeds 6 times the length of the test specimen shall be machined from the groove
longest inclusions in the group weld described in 8.4.2 and Figure 4. The dimen-
(3) No rounded indications in excess ofthose per- sions of the specimen shall be as shown in Figure 9.
mitted by the radiographic standards in Figure 7 ac-
cording to the grade specified in Table 8. 11.3 The tension specimens for all electrodes ex-
One in. (25 mm) ofthe weld measured from each cept the low hydrogen classifications shall be aged
end of the assembly shall be excluded from radio- at 200 to 220°F(95 to 105’C) for 48f 2 hours, and
graphic evaluation. cooled in air to room temperature. All specimens

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17
AXIS OF WELD HORIZONTAL 7
AXIS OF WELD HORIZONTAL

/-
L PLATEHORIZONTAL PLATE -1
HORIZONTAL
(A)
OVERHEAD
FILLET
WELDS (B) VERTICAL
FILLET
WELDS (C) HORIZONTAL
FILLET
WELDS
Figure 6 - Welding Positions for Fillet Weld Test Assemblies
shall be tested in the manner described inthe ten- 12.4 Each specimen, after bending, shall conform
sion testing sectionofAWS B4.0,StandardMethods to the 3/4 in.(19 mm) radius, with an appropriate
fos Mechanical Testingof Welds. allowance for springback andthe weld metal shall
11.4 The results of the tension test shall meet the

requirements specified in Table 2. Table 8
Radiographic Soundness Requirements
B 12. Bend
Test (For E6022
Electrodes Only)
AWS
Classification
-~
StandardaJb
Radiographic
~~~~~~~~
EGO 19
E6020
E70 15 Grade 1
12.1 One longitudinal face bend specimen, as re- E70 16
quired in Table 4, shall be machined from the E70 18
groove weld test assembly described in 8.4.2 and E7018M
shown in Figure 4. Dimensions of the specimen E7048
shall be as shown in Figure 10.
E6010
1
E60 1 1
12.2 The bend specimen shall be aged at 200 to E60 13
220°F (95 to 105 "C)for 48 +2 hours then air E70 14 Grade 2
cooled to room temperature and tested as required E7024
in 12.3. E6027
E7027
E7028
12.3 The specimen shall be tested in the manner
described in thebend testing sectionof AWS B4.0, EGO 12 Not specified
Standard Methodsfor Mechanical Testingof Welds. E6022 }
The specimen shall be bent uniformly through 180 Notes:
degrees over a 3/4 (1 in.9 mm) radius in any suitable a. See Figure 7.
jig. Three standard jigs areshown in Figure 11. Po- b. The radiographic soundness obtainable under actual
sitioning of the face bend specimen shall be such industrial conditions employedfor the various elec-
that the weld face of the last side welded is in ten- trode classifications is discussed inA6.10.1 in the Ap-
sion. pendix.
O
18
a
O
a
O o
(A) ASSORTED ROUNDED INDICATIONS

SIZE 1/64 in. (0.4 mm) TO 1/16 in. (1.6 mm) IN DIAMETER OR IN LENGTH. MAXIMUM NUMBER OF INDICATIONS IN ANY 6 in.
(150 mm) OF WELD = 18, WITH THE FOLLOWING RESTRICTIONS:
MAXIMUM NUMBER OF LARGE 3/64 in. (1.2 mm) TO 1/16 in. (1.6 mm) IN DIAMETER OR IN LENGTH INDICATIONS = 3.
MAXIMUM NUMBER OF MEDIUM 1/32 in. (0.8mm) TO 3/64 in. (1.2 mm) IN DIAMETER OR IN LENGTH INDICATIONS = 5.
MAXIMUM NUMBER OF SMALL 1/64 in. (0.4 mm) TO 1/32 in. (0.8mm) IN DIAMETER OR IN LENGTH INDICATIONS = 10.
(B) LARGE ROUNDED INDICATIONS

SIZE 3/64 in. (1.2 mm) TO 1/16 in. (1.6 mm) IN DIAMETER OR IN LENGTH.
MAXIMUM NUMBER OF INDICATIONS IN ANY 6 in. (150 mm) OF WELD = 8.
c
(C) MEDIUM ROUNDED INDICATIONS
(D) SMALL ROUNDED INDICATIONS

Notes:
1. In using these standards, the chart which is most representative of the size of the rounded indications present in the test
specimen radiograph shall be used for determining conformanceto these radiographic standards.
2. Since these are test welds specifically made in the laboratory for classification purposes, the radiographic requirements for these
test welds are more rigid than those which may be required for general fabrication.
3. Indications whose largest dimension does not exceed 1/64 in. (0.4 mm) shall be disregarded.
Figure 7 - Radiographic AcceptanceStandards for Rounded Indications

(Grade 1)

19
(E) ASSORTED ROUNDED INDICATIONS

SIZE 1/64 ln. (0.4 mm) TO 5/64 in. (2.0 mm) IN DIAMETER OR IN LENGTH.
MAXIMUM NUMBER OF INDICATIONS IN ANY 6 in. (150 mm) OF WELD = 27, WITH THE FOLLOWING RESTRICTIONS:
MAXIMUM NUMBER OF LARGE 1/16 in. (1.6 mm) TO 5/64 in. (2.0mm) IN DIAMETER OR IN LENGTH INDICATIONS = 3.
MAXIMUM NUMBER OF MEDIUM 3/64 in. (1.2 mm) TO 1/16 in. (1.6 mm) IN DIAMETER OR IN LENGTH INDICATIONS = 8.
MAXIMUM NUMBER OF SMALL 1/64 in. (0.4 mm) TO 3/64 in. (1.2 mm) IN DIAMETER OR IN LENGTH INDICATIONS = 16.
O
O O
O O
O O
O O
O O O O
O
(F) LARGE ROUNDED INDICATIONS

O O O
O O
O O O
O O O O
O O O O
O O O
O O
(G) MEDIUM ROUNDED INDICATIONS
MAXI MUM NUMBER OF INDICATIONS IN ANY 6 in. (150 mm) OF WELD = 22.
(H) SMALL ROUNDED INDICATIONS

Notes:
1. In using these standards, the chart which is most representative of the size of the rounded indications present in the test
specimen radiograph shall be used for determining conformance to these radiographic standards,
2. Since these are test welds specifically made in the laboratory for classification purposes, the radiographic requirements for these
test welds are more rigid than those which may be required for general fabrication.
3. Indications whose largest dimension does not exceed 1/64 in. (0.4 mm) shall be disregarded.
Figure 7 (Continued) -Radiographic Acceptances Standards for RoundedIndications

(Grade 2)

AWS A 5 . L 91 W 0 7 8 4 2 b 5 OOLL790 O
20
not contain openings in excess of 1/8 in. (3.2 mm) 14. Fillet Weld Test
on the convex surface.
14.1 The fillet weld test, when required in Table 4,
shall be made in accordance with 8.5 and Figure 3.
13. Impact Test The entireface of the completed fillet weld shall be
examined visually. It shall be free of cracks, overlap,
13.1 Five.Charpy V-notch impact test specimens, slag, and porosity, and shall be substantially free of
Figure 12, shall be machinedfrom the test assembly undercut. An infrequent short undercut up to
shown in Figure 2 or 5, for those classifications for 1/32 in. (0.8 mm) depth shall be allowed. After the
which impact testing is required in Table 4. visual examination, a specimen, approximately
1 in. (25 mm) in length, shall be removed as shown
in Figure 3. One cross-sectional surface of the speci-
13.2 The five specimens shall be tested in accord- men shall be polished, etched, and then examined
ance with the fracture toughness testing section of as required in 14.2.
AWS B4.0, Standard Methodsfor Mechanical Test-
ing of Welds. The test temperature shall be that
specified in Table 3 for the classification under test. 14.2 Scribe lines shall be placed on the prepared
surface, as shown in Figure 13, and the fillet weld
13.3 In evaluatingthe test results for all the classi- size, fillet weld leg, and convexity shall be deter-
fications that require impact testing, except mined to the nearest 1/64 in. (0.4 mm) by actual
E70 18M, the lowest and thehighest values obtained measurement (see Figure 13). These measurements
shall be disregarded. Two of the three remaining shall meet the requirements of Table 6 with respect
values shall equal, or exceed, the specified 20 ft-lb to minimum or maximum fillet weld size and the
(275) energy level. One of the three may be lower, requirements of Table 9 with respect to maximum
but not lower than 15 ft-lb (205).The average of the convexity and maximum difference between fillet
three shall not be less than the required 20 ft-lb weld legsaccording to thefillet weldsize measured.
(275) energy level.
14.3 The remaining two sections of the test as-
13.4 In evaluating theresults for E701 8M, all five sembly shall be broken throughthe fillet weld by a
values shall be used. Four of the five values shall force exerted as shown in Figure 14. When neces-
equal, or exceed, the specified 50 ft-lb (675) energy sary to facilitate fracture through the fillet, one or
level. One of the five may be lower, but not lower more of the following procedures may be used:
than 40 ft-lb (545).The average of the five shall not (1) A reinforcing bead, as shown in Figure 14,
be less than the required 50fi-lb (675) energy level. may be added toeach leg of the weld.
Table 9
Dimensional Requirements forFillet Weld Usability Test Specimens
Maximum
Measured Fillet Maximum Difference Between
Weld Size Convexity Fillet Weld Legs
in. mm in. mm in. mm
118 3.2 3/64 1.2 1/32 0.8
5/32 4.0 3/64 1.2 3/64 1.2
3116 4.8 1/16 1.6 1/16 1.6
7/32 5.6 1/16 1.6 5/64 2.0
1/4 6.4 1/16 1.6 3/32 2.4
9/32 7. I 1/16 1.6 7/64 2.8
511 6 8.0 5/64 2.0 118 3.2
11/32 8.7 5/64 2.0 9/64 3.6
318 9.5 5/64 2.0 5/32 4.0

Dimensions of Specimen, in.
~
Test Plate
GThickness D C B F, Min.
112 0.250 +- 0.005 1.O00-t- 0.005
311 318 1-114 6
314 and 2.000 -t- 0.010
0.500 & 0.005
318 314 2-114
larger
Dimensions of Specimen, mm
Test Plate
Thickness D G C B F, Min.
12.7 6.40 +. 0.13 25.40 -t- 0.13 32 9.5 4.8
19 and 12.70 k 0.25 1950.80 +- 0.13 57 9.5
larger
Notes:
Dimensions G and C shall be as shown, but ends may be of any shape to fit the testing machine holders as long as the load is
axial.
The diameter of the specimen within the gauge length shallbe slightly smaller atthe center than at the ends. The difference shall
not exceed one percent of the diameter.
When the extensometer is requiredto determine yield strength, dimension C may be modified. However, the percent of the
elongation shall be based on dimensionG.
The surface finish within the C dimension shall be no rougher than 63 in. (1.6m).
Figure 8 - All-Weld-Metal Tension Test SpecimenDimensions
SI Equivalents
mm In.
114 6.4
1-112 +. 111638.1 t- 1.6
2 51
8 203
I
OF WELD
Notes:
2. Weld reinforcement shall be ground or machlned smooth and flush with the surfaces of the specimen. Grinding or machining
marks shall be parallel of the longestdimension of the specimen.
Figure 9 -Transverse Tension TestSpecimen (E6022)

CORNER RADIUS 1/16 MAX
SI Equivalents
Notes:
2. Weld reinforcement shall be groundor machined smooth and flush with the surfaces of the specimen. Grinding or machining
marks shall be parallel to the length of the weld.
Figure 10 - Longitudinal Guided-Bend Test Specimen(E6022)
PLUNGER
314 IN.
mm in.
1/16 1.6
314 19
2-1/a 54
(A) BOTTOM EJECTING GUIDED-BEND TEST JIG
Notes:
1. Either hardened and greased shoulders or hardened rollers free to rotate shall be used.
2. The shoulders or rollers shall have a minimum bearing length of 2 in. (51 mm) for placement of the specimen.
3. The shoulders or rollers shall be high enough above the bottom of the testing jig so that the specimen will clear the shoulders or
rollers when the plunger is in the low position.
4. The plunger shall be fitted with an appropriate base and provision for attachment to the testing machine and shall be designed to
minimize deflectionor misalignment.
5. The shoulder or roller supports may be made adjustable in the horizontal direction so that specimens of various thickness may be
tested in the same jig.
6. The shoulder or roller supports shall be fitted to a base designed to maintain the shoulders or rollers centered and aligned with
respect to the plunger, and to minimize deflectionor misalignment.
Figure 11 - Bend Test Jigs

23
AS REQUIRED SI Equivalents
4
AS REQUIRED
b- +/NOTE 1 I I 1.6
mm in.
1116
SEE PLUNGER
7" 1I8
1I4
112
3.2
6.4
12.7
NOTE 5 3r4 19
1 'i 1-1116
1-118
2
27
29
51
SEE
NOTE 5
i I
SEE
NOTE 5
3
3-718
6-314
7-112
9
76
98
171
191
229
I-I- 7-112
IN.
9 IN.
-4
2
(B) BOTTOM GUIDED-BEND TEST JIG
Notes:
1. A tapped hole of appropriate size, or other suitablemeans for attaching plunger to testing machine shall be made.
2. Either hardened and greased shoulders or hardened rollers free to rotate shall be used in the die.
3. The plunger and base shall be designed to minimize deflection and misalignment.
4. The specimen shall be forced into thedie by applying the load on the plunger until the curvature of the specimen is such that a
118 in. (3.0mm) diameter wire cannot be placed between the specimen and all points in the curvature of the die member of the
jig.
5. Weld size indicated is a recommendation. The actual size is the responsibility of the user to ensure rigidity and design adequacy.
MIN
SI Equivalents
in. mm
6.4 114
5rI 6 7.9
314 19
(C) WRAP-AROUND GUIDED BEND TEST JIG
Notes:
1. Dimensions not shown are the option of the designer, except that the minimum width of the components shall be 2 in. (51 mm).
2. It is essential to have adequate rigidity so that the jig will not deflect during testing. The specimen shall be firmly clamped on one
end so that is does not slide during the bending operation.
3. Test specimens shall be removed from the jig when the outer roll has traversed 180" from the startingpoint.
Figure 11 (Continued) - Bend Test Jigs

Licensed by Information Handling Services 3
AWS A 5 - I I 9 1 W O784265 OOIIII794 8 W
24
h l 2 LENGTH -4 bo10 MINUTES SI Equivalents

in. mm
0.001 0.025
0.01O 0.255
0.040 1.0
0.10 2.5
0.315 8.0
0.394 10.0
1.082 27.5
2.165 55.0
Notes:
1 All dimensions except angles are in inches.
2. The notched surface and the surface to be struck shall be parallel within 0.002 in. (0.05 mm) and have at least 63 p in. (1.6 pm)
finish. The other two surfaces shall be square with the notched or struck surface within rt 10 minutes of the degree and have at
least 125pin. (3.2 pm) finish.
3. The notch shall be smoothly cut by mechanical means and shall be square with the longitudinal edge of the specimen within one
degree.
4. The geometry of the notch shall be measured on at least one specimen in a set of five specimens. Measurement shall be done at
minimum 50 times magnification on either a shadowgraph or a metallograph.
5. The correct location of the notch shall be verified by etching before or after machining.
6. If a specimen does not break upon being struck, the value for energy absorbed shall be reported as the capacity of the impact
testing machine followed by a plus sign (+).
Figure 12 - Charpy V-Notch Impact Test Specimen
(2) The position of the web on the flange may be point this incompletefusion exceeds 25 percent of
changed, as shown in Figure 14. the smaller leg of the fillet weld.
(3) The face ofthe fillet maybe notched, as shown
in Figure 14.
Tests in which the weld metal pulls out of the base 15. Moisture Test
metal during bending are invalid tests. Specimens
in which this occurs shall be replaced, specimen for 15.1 The moisture contentof the covering on the
specimen, and the test completed. In this case, the low hydrogen electrodes, when required in Table 4,
doubling of specimens as required forretest in Sec- shall be determinedby any suitable method.In case
tion 7, Retest, does not apply. of dispute, the method described in 15.3 through
15.9 shall be the referee method.
14.4 The fractured surfaces shall be visuallyex- 15.2 The electrodesshallbetested without condi-
amined withoutmagnification. The fracture surface tioning, unless the manufacturer recommends other-
shall be freeof cracks. Incomplete fusionat theweld wise. Ifthe electrodes are conditioned, that fact, along
root shall not be greater than 20 Yo of the total length with the method used for conditioning, and the time
of the weld. There shall be no continuouslength of and temperature involved in the conditioning, shall
incomplete fusion greater than 1 in. (25 mm) as be noted on the test record. The moisture content
measured along the weld axis except for electrodes shall not exceed the limit specified in Table 10.
of the E60 12, E60 13, and E70 14 classifications. Fil-
let welds made with electrodes of these classifica- 15.3 This method (thereferee method) consists of
tions may exhibit incomplete fusion through the heating a sample of the covering in a nickel or clay
entire length of the fillet weld, provided that at no boat placed inside a combustion tube in order to

-~" ""
~ .
25
FILLET WELD LEG

pressed as a percentage of the original weight of the
sample of covering.
15.4 The apparatus shall be as shown in Figure

155 and shall consist of the following:
(1) A tube furnace with a heating element long
enough to heat atleast 6 in.(150 mm) of the middle
portion of the combustion tube to 2000°F
(1093°C).
(2) An oxygen purifying train consisting of a nee-
dle valve, a flow meter, a 96% sulfuric acid wash
bottle, a spray trap, and an anhydrousmagnesium
-
I perchlorate drying tower.
FILLET WELD SIZE
FILLET
(3) A fused silica combustion tube of at least
718 in. (22 mm) inside diameter with plain ends and
LEG a devitrification point above 2000°F (1093°C). (A
(A) CONCAVE FILLET WELD
high-temperature ceramic tube can be used, but a
higher value will be obtained for theblanks.) A plug
FILLET WELD LEG of glass woolfine enoughto filter the gases shall be
inserted far enough into theexit end of the combus-
I tion tube to be heated to a temperature of 400 to
SCRIBE LINES 500°F (204 to 260°C).
CONVEXITY
(4) A water absorption train consisting of a
U-tube (Schwartz- type) filled with anhydrous mag-
WELD TOE nesium perchlorate and a concentrated sulfuric acid
gas-sealing bottle.
15.5 In conducting this test, a sample of approxi-

mately 4 grams of covering shall be prepared as a
FILLET WELD SIZE

a
(B) CONVEX FILLET WELD
[l&hETWELD
composite of the covering from the middle of three
electrodes taken from the samepackage. The cover-
ing shall be removed by bending the electrode.or by
pinching the covering with clean, dry pliers or for-
ceps. Immediately upon removal, the sample of
Note: covering shall be transferred to a dried, stoppered
1. Fillet weld size is the l e g lengths of the largest isosceles vial or sample bottle.
right triangle which can be inscribed within the fillet weld
cross section.
2. Convexity is the maximum distance from the face of a 15.6 The furnace shall be operated at 1800°F &
convex fillet weld perpendicularto a line joining the weld 25"F(982"C& 14"C)withanoxygenflowof200to
toes.
3. Fillet weld leg is the distance from the joint root to the toe
250 ml per minute. The emptyboat (see 15.3) shall
of the fillet weld. be placed in the hot zone of the combustion tube,
for drying, and the absorption U-tube assembly
shall be attached to the system for
"conditioning".
Figure 13 - Dimensions of Fillet Welds After 30 minutes, the absorption U-tube shall re-
be
moved and placed in the balance case. The boat
shall be removed and placed in a desiccator in
remove the moisture from the covering, A stream of which anhydrous magnesium perchlorate is used as
oxygen is used to carry the moisture to an absorp-
tion tube where the moisture is collected. The mois- 5 . Modifications of the type described in AppendixA8,
ture content of the covering is determined by the which give equivalent results, also meet
the requirements
increase in weight ofthe absorption tube and ex- is of this specification.

26
FRACTURING FRACTURING FRACTURING

FORCE FORCE FORCE
REINFORCING
MAXIMUM DEPTH
OFNOTCH = 112
WEB ACTUAL
FLANGE
OFOFFSET
REINFORCING
(B) WELDS
(A)
Figure 14 - Alternative Methods for Facilitating Fracture of the Fillet Weld
a desiccant. After a cooling period of 20 minutes,omitting the sample. The boatshallberemoved

the
absorption
U-tube shall be weighed. from the desiccator and exposed totheatmosphere
for a period approximating the time required to
15.7 In the blank determination, the procedure transfer a sample from the balance pan to the boat.
for an actual moisture determination shall be fol- The combustion tube shall be opened, the weighed
lowed step-by-stepwith the singleexception of absorptionU-tubeattached, theemptyboat placed
Figure 15 - Schematic of Train forMoisture Determinations

AWS A 590- L7 8 4 2 bO5O L L 7 9 7 3
~ ~~ ~
_ _ _ ~ i
27
in the hot zoneof the combustion tube, and the tube for determination of moisture content. The moisture
closed. After a heating periodof 30 minutes, the ab- content of the exposed covering shall not exceed the
sorption U-tube shall be removed and placed in the maximum specified moisture content for the desig-
balance case. The boat shall be transferred to the nated electrode and classification in Table 10.
desiccator. After the 20 minute cooling period, the
absorption U-tube shall be weighed and thegain in 16.2 An electrode sampleof each sizeof E70 18M
weight shall be taken as the blank value. or the smallest and the largest sizes of "R" desig-
nated electrode shall be exposed. If the electrodes
15.8 Immediatelyafter weighing theabsorption are conditioned prior to exposure, that fact, along
U-tube above, the sample of the covering shall be with the method used for conditioning, and the
weighed and quickly transferred to the boat. The time and temperature involved in conditioning,
combustion tube shall be opened, the weighed ab- shall be noted on the test record. Conditioning of
sorption U-tube attached, the boat with sample electrodes after exposure is not permitted.
transferred to thehot zoneof the combustion tube,
16.3 The electrode sample shall be exposed in a
and the tubeclosed. After heating for 30 minutes,
suitably calibrated and controlled environmental
the absorption U-tube shall be removed and placed
chamber for nine hours minimum at 80"F,minus O,
in the balancecase. If another sample is to be run,
plus 5°F (26.7"C, minus O, plus 2.8"C) and 80%
the boat shall be taken fromthe combustion tube,
RH, minus O, plus 5%.
the sample removed, and the boat transferredto the
desiccator. The absorption U-tube shall be weighed 16.4 The environmental chamber shall meet the
after the 20 minute cooling period. Another deter- following design requirements:
mination may be started immediately, since it is not (1) The apparatus shall be an insulated humidi-
necessary to repeat the blank determination, pro- fier which produces the temperature of adiabatic
vided the same combustion boat can be used. saturation through regenerative evaporation va- or
porization of water.
15.9 The calculation shall be made according to (2) The apparatusshall havean average air speed
the following formula: within the envelope of air surrounding the covered
A-B electrode of 100 to 325 fpm (0.5 to 1.7 m/sec.).
Percent Moisture = Weight of Sample x 100 (3) The apparatus shall have a drip-free area
where the covered electrode upto 18 in. (450 mm)
where: in length can be positioned with lengthas perpen-
A = gain in weight of absorption tube in mois- dicular as practical to the general air flow.
ture determination (4) The apparatus shall have a calibrated means
B = gain in weight of absorption tube in blank of continuously measuring and recording the dry
determination bulb temperature and either the wet bulb tempera-
ture or the differentialbetween the dry bulb and wet
bulb temperature over the period of time required.
16. Absorbed Moisture Test ( 5 ) The apparatus shall have an air speed of at
least 900 fpm (4.5 m/s) over the wet bulb sensor un-
16.1 In orderfor a low hydrogenelectrode to bedes- less the wet bulb sensor can be shown to be insensi-
ignated as low-moisture-absorbingwith the "R" suf- tive to air speed or has a known correction factor
fix designator or classified as E7018M, sufficient that will provide for an adjusted wet bulb reading
electrodes shall be exposed to an environment of equal to the temperatureof adiabatic saturation.
80°F (26.7"C)/80% relative humidity for a period of (6) The apparatusshall havethe wet bulb sensor
not lessthan 9 hours by any suitable method.In case located onthe suction sideof the fan so that thereis
of dispute, the exposure method described in 16.2 an absence of heat radiation on the sensor.
through 16.6 shall be the referee method. The mois-
ture content of the electrode covering on the low- 16.5 The exposure procedure shall be as follows:
moisture-absorbing,lowhydrogenelectrodes (1) The electrode sample in unopened packages,
(E7015R, E7016R, E7016-lRYE7018R, E7018-lRy or from reconditioned lots, shall be heated to atem-
E701 8M, E7028R, E7048R) shall be determined by perature, minus O, plus 10°F (6°C) above the dew
any suitable method. In case of dispute, the method point of the chamber at the timeof loading.
described in 15.3 to 15.9 shall be the referee method (2) The electrode sample shallbe loaded into the

AWS A 5 0 1 91 0784265 0011798 5
28
Table 10
Moisture Content Limits in Electrode Coverings
Limit of Moisture Content.
O/o by Wt., Max.
AWS Electrode As-Received or
Designation
Classification Conditioneda As-Exposedb
E7015 E7015 1
E70 16
E7018 Not specified
E7028
E7048
E7028
E7048 J
E7015 E7015R \
E7016
0.3 0.4
E70 18 E7018-IR
E7028 E7028R
E7048 E7048R
E70 18M E70 1SM o. 1 0.4
Notes:
a. As-received or conditioned electrode coverings shall be tested as specifiedin Section
15, Moisture Test.
b. As-exposed electrode coverings shall have been exposed to a moist environment as
specified in 16.2 through 16.6 before being tested as specified in 16.1.
chamber without delay after the packages are supplemental diffusible hydrogen designator and
opened. all sizes of E701 8M, shall be tested accordingto one
(3) The electrodes shall be placed in the chamber of the methodsgiven in ANSIIAWS A4.3 Standard
in a vertical or horizontal positionon 1 in. (25 mm) Methods for Determination of the Diffusible Hydro-
centers, with the length of the electrode perpendicu- gen Content of Martensitic, Bainitic, and Ferritic
lar as practical to thegeneral air flow. Steel Weld MetalProduced by Arc Welding. Testing
(4) Time, temperature, and humidity shall be shall be done without “conditioning” of the elec-
continuously recorded for the period that the electrode, unless the manufacturer recommends other-
trodes are in the chamber. wise. If the electrodes are conditioned, that fact,
( 5 ) Counting of the exposure time shall start when along with the method used for conditioning, and
the required temperature and humidity in the the time and temperature involved in conditioning,
chamber are established. shall be notedon thetest record. The diffusible hy-
(6) At the endof the exposure time,the electrodes drogen designator may be added to the classifica-
shall be removedfrom the chamber and a sample of tionaccordingtotheaveragetestvalue as
the electrode covering taken for moisture determi- compared to the requirementsof Table 1 1.
nation, as specified in Section 15, Moisture Test. For purposes of certifying compliance with dif-
fusible hydrogen requirements, the reference atmo-
16.6 The manufacturershallcontrolothertest spheric condition shall be an absolute humidity of
variables which are not defined, butwhich must be 1O grains of water vapor per pound (1.43 glkg) of
controlled to ensure a greater consistency of results. dry air at the time of welding. The actual atmo-
spheric conditions shall be reported along with the
17. Diffusible Hydrogen Test average value for the test according to ANSIIAWS
A4.3. (See Appendix, A9.2)
The smallest and largest sizes of the electrode of When the absolute humidity equals or exceeds
each classification to be designated by an optional the reference condition at the time of preparation of

Table 11
Diffusible Hydrogen Limits for WeldMetal
AWS Diffusible
Hydrogen
Diffusible
Hydrogen
Content, Average
Classification Designator mL(H2)/1OOg
Max.a,b
Metal,
Deposited
E70
;%i
E7028
} { None
H8
4.0
16.0
8.0
E7048 H4 4.0
Notes:
a. Diffusible hydrogen testing in Section 17, Diffusible Hydrogen Test, is required for E701 8M.
Diffusible hydrogentesting of other low hydrogen electrodes is only required whendiffusible hy-
drogen designator is addedas specified in Figure 16.
b. Some low hydrogen classifications may not meet the H4 and H8requirements.
the test assembly, the test shall be acceptable as specified. The length shall not vary more than rt:
demonstrating compliance with the requirements 1/4 in. (10 mm) from that specified.
of this specification, provided the actualtest results
satisfy the diffusible hydrogen requirementsfor the
applicable designator. Likewise, ifthe actualtest re-
sults for anelectrode meet the requirements for the 20. Core Wire and Covering
lower or lowest hydrogen designator, as specified in
Table 11, the electrode also meets the requirements 20.1 The core wire and covering shall be free of
defects that would interfere with uniform deposi-
for all higher hydrogen designators in Table 11 with-
tion of theelectrode.
out the need to retest.
20.2 The core wire and the covering shall be con-

Part C centric to the extent that the maximum core-plus-
Manufacture, Identification, and one-covering dimension shall not exceed the mini-
mum core-plus-one-covering dimension by more
Packagìng than:
(1) 7% of the mean dimension in sizes 3/32 in.
(2.4 mm) and smaller;
18. Method of Manufacture (2) 5% of the mean dimension in sizes 1/8 in.
(3.2 mm) and 5/32 in. (4.0 mm)
The electrodes classified according to thisspecifi- (3) 4% of the mean dimension in sizes 3/16 in.
cation may be manufactured by any method that (4.8 mm) and larger.
will produce electrodes that meet the requirements Concentricity may be measured by any suitable
of this specification. means.
19. Standard Sizes and Lengths 21. Exposed Core

19.1 Standard sizes (diameter of the core wire) 21.1 The grip end of each electrode shall be bare
and lengths of electrodes are shown in Table 12. (free of covering) for a distance of not less than 1/2 in.
(12 mm),normore than 1-1/4 in. (30 mm) for 5/32 in.
19.2 The diameter of the corewire shall not vary (4.0 mm) and smaller sizes,and notless than 3/4 in.
more than& 0.002 in. (0.05 mm) fromthe diameter (1 9 mm) nor more than 1- 1/2 in. (40 mm) for 3/ 16 in.

AWS A 5 - L 71 W O784265 OOlL800 T W
30
~~~ ~
Table 12
Standard Sizes and Lengths
Standard Length@
E6010, E601 1, E6012,
E6013, E6022, E7014,
Standard
Sizes,a E7015,
E7016,
E7018
E6020,
E6027, E7024
Diameter)
Wire
(Core E60
E704818M
E7028,
E70
E7027, 19
in. mm in. mm in. mm in. mm
1.6c (0.063) 1/16c 9 230 - - - -
5/64c (0.072) 2.0C 9 or 12 230 or 300 - - or 12
9 230 or 300
3/32C (0.094) 2.4C 2 or 14 300 or 350 12 or 14 300 or 350 2 or 14 300 or 350
118 3.2 (0.125) 4 350 14 350 4 350
5/32 (O. 156) 4.0 4 350 14 350 4 or 18 350 or 450
3/16 (O. 188) 4.8 4 350 14 or 18 350 or 460 4 or 18 350 or 450
7/32c (0.219) 5.6c 4 or 18 350 or 460 18 or 28 460 or 700 8 450
1/4C (0.250) 6.4c 8 460 18 or 28 460 or 700 8 450
5/16c (0.313) 8.OC 8 460 18 or 28 460 or 700 8 450
Notes:
a. Lengths and sizes other than these shall be as agreed to by purchaser and supplier.
b. In all cases, end-gripped electrodes are standard.
c. These diameters are not standard sizesfor all classifications (see Table 4).
(4.8 mm) and larger sizes, to provide for electrical 22.2 The numbers andletters of the imprint shall
contact with the electrode holder. be of bold block type of a size large enough to be
legible.
21.2 The arc end of each electrode shall be suffi- 22.3 The ink used forimprintingshallprovide
ciently bare and thecovering sufficiently tapered to sufficient contrast with the electrode covering so
permit easy striking of the arc. The length of the that, in normal use, the numbers and letters legi-
are
bare portion (measured from the end of the core ble both before and after welding.
wire to the location where the full cross-section of
the covering is obtained) shall not exceed 1/8 in. 22.4 The prefix letter “E” inthe electrode classifi-
(3 mm) or the diameterof the core wire, whichever
cation designation may be omitted from the im-
is less. Electrodes with chipped coverings near the
print.
arc end, baring the core wire no more than the lesser
of 1/4 in, (6 mm) or twice the diameter of the core
wire, meet the requirements of this specification,
provided no chip uncovers more than 50% of the 23. Packaging
circumference of the core.
23.1 Electrodes shall be suitably packaged to pro-
tect them from damage during shipment and stor-
age under normal conditions. In addition, E70 18M
22. Electrode Identification electrodes shall be packaged in hermetically sealed
containers. Hermetically sealed containers shall be
All electrodes shall be identified as follows: capable of passing the test specified in 23.2.
23.2 For the test, a representative container shall

22.1 At least one imprintof the electrode designa- be immersed in waterthat is at a temperature of at
tion (classification plus any optional designators) least 50°F(27°C) above thatof the packaged mate-
shall be applied to theelectrode covering in theor- rial (room temperature).The containershall be im-
der specified in Figure 16 within 2-1/2 in. (65 mm) mersed so that the surface under observation is
of the grip end of the electrode. approximately 1 in. (25 mm) below the water level

31
Mandatory Classification Designators:*
r Designates an electrode, This designator may be deleted from the product imprint
required for identification of the electrode.
I
F
Designates the tensile strength (minimum), in ksi, of the weld metal when produced
in accordance with the test assembly preparation procedure of this specification.
See Table 2.
Designates the welding position in which electrodes are usable, the type of covering,
and thekind of welding current for which the electrodes are suitable. See Table 1.
E XX YY 1
- Designates an electrode (E70 18M) intended to meet most military requirements
EXXYY M (greater toughness, lower moisturecontent - both as-received and after exposure
E XX YY -1 HZ R - and mandatory diffusible hydrogen limits for weld metal). See Table 3, 10 and
c
-
Optional Supplemental Designators:

Designates that the electrode meets the requirements of the absorbed moisture test (an op-
tional supplemental test forall low hydrogen electrodes except the E7018M classification,
for which the testis required). See Table10.
Designates that the electrode meetsthe requirements of the diffusible hydrogen test (an op-
tional supplemental test ofthe weld metal from low hydrogen electrodes,as-received or con-
ditioned - with an average value not exceeding ‘2‘’ mL of H2 per 1OOg of deposited metal,
where “Z”is 4, 8, or 16). See Table I l .
Designates that theelectrode (E7016, E7018, or E7024) meets the requirementsfor im-
proved toughness - and ductility in the case of E7024 - (optional supplemental test re-
quirements shown inTables 2 and 3). See notes to Tables 2 and 3.
Note:
* The combination of these designators constitutes the electrode classification.
Figure 16 - Order of Electrode Mandatory andOptional Supplemental Designators
and the greatest dimension is parallel to the water 24.2 The following precautionary information (as
surface. A container with a stream of bubbles that a minimum)shall be prominentlydisplayed in legi-
lasts for 30 seconds or more does not meet the re- ble print onall packagesof electrodes, including in-
quirements of this specification. dividual unit packages enclosed within a larger
package.
23.3 Standard package weights shall be as agreed
between purchaser and supplier. WARNING:
Protect yourself and others. Read and understand

this information. FUMES AND GASES can be
24. Marking of Packages dangerous to yourhealth. ARC RAYS can injure
eyes and burnskin. ELECTRIC SHOCKcan kill.
24.1 The following productinformation(asa Before use, read and understand the manufac-
minimum) shall be legibly marked on the outsideof turer’s instructions, Material Safety Data Sheets
each unit package. (MSDSs), and your employer’s safety practices.
(I) AWS specification and classification designa- Keep your head outof the fumes.
tions (year of issue may be excluded) Use enough ventilation, exhaust at the arc, or
(2) Supplier’s name and tradedesignation both, to keep fumes and gases away from your
(3) Size and net weight breathing zone and thegeneral area.
(4)Lot, control, or heat number (continued)

Licensed by Information Handling Services 4
32
Wear correct eye, ear, and body protection. and Health Standards, 29CFR 19 10, available
Do not touch electrical parts. from the U.S. Government Printing Office,
See American National Standard 249.1, Safety in Washington, DC 20402.
Welding andCutting, published by the American
Welding Society, 550 N.W. LeJeune Road, P. O.
Box 35 1040, Miami,Florida 33 135; OSHA Safety DO NOT REMOVE THISINFORMATION

AWS A 5 . 1 91 m 0784265 001L803 5 m
Appendix
Guide to AWS Specification for CarbonSteel Electrodes
for Shielded Metal Arc Welding
(This appendix is not a part of ANSIIAWS A5.1-9 1, Specifcation for Carbon Steel Electrodes for Shielded
Metal Arc Welding, but is included for information purposes only.)
A l . Introduction which the electrode can beused and thetype of cov-

ering on the electrode, as listed in Table 1.
This guide was designed to correlate the covered
electrode classifications with the intended applica- A2.2 Optional designators are also used inthis
tions so the specification can be used effectively. specification in order to identify electrodes that
Such correlations are intended as examples rather have met the mandatory classification require-
than complete listings of the base metals for which ments and certain supplementary requirements as
each filler metal is suitable. agreed to between the supplier and the purchaser. A
“-1 ” designator following classification identifies
an electrode which meets optional supplemental
impact requirements at a lower temperature than
A2. Classification System required for the classification (see Note b to Table
3). An example of this is the E7024-1 electrode
A2.1 Thesystemforelectrode classification in which meets the classification requirements of
this specification follows the standard patternused E7024 and also meets theoptional supplementalre-
in other AWS filler metal specifications. The letter quirements for fracture toughness and improved
“E” at the beginning of each classification designa- elongation of the weld metal (see Note e to Table 2).
tion stands for electrode. The first two digits, 60, for Certain low hydrogen electrodes also may haveop-
example, designate tensile strength of at least 60 ksi tional designators.
of the weld metal, produced in accordancewith the A letter “R” is adesignator used with the low hy-
test assembly preparation section of the specifica- drogen electrode classifications. The letter “ R ’ is
tion. The third digit designates position usability used to identify electrodes that have been exposed
that will allow satisfactory welds to be produced to a humid environment for given a length of time
with the electrode, Thus, the “ l ” , as in E6010, and tested for moisture absorption in addition to
means that the electrode is usable in all positions the standard moisture test required for classifica-
(flat, horizontal, vertical, and overhead). The “2”, tion of lowhydrogen electrodes. See Section 16, Ab-
as in E6020 designates that theelectrode is suitable sorbed Moisture Test, and Table 10.
for use in flat position and for making fillet welds in An optional supplemental designator “HZ” fol-
the horizontal position. The “4”, as in E7048, lowing the four digit classification designators or fol-
designates that the electrode is suitable for use in lowing the “-1” optional supplemental designator, if
vertical welding with downward progression and used, indicates an average diffusible hydrogen con-
for other positions (see Table 1). The last two digits tent of not more than “2” mV100g of deposited
taken together designate the type of current with metal when tested in the “as-received’’ or condi-
33

0 7 8 4 2 b 5 0011804 7 W
34
tioned state in accordance with ANSIIAWS A4.3, A3.Acceptance

Standard Methods for Determination of Diffusible
Hydrogen Content of Martensitic, Bainitic,and Fer- Acceptance of all welding materials classified un-
ritic Steel Weld Metal Produced by Arc Welding.Elec- der this specification is in accordance with
trodes that are designated as meeting the lower or ANSIIAWS A5.O 1, Filler Metal Procurement Guide-
lowest hydrogen limits, as specified in Table 1I, are lines, as the specification states. Any testing a pur-
also understood to be able to meet any higher hydro- chaser requiresof the supplier, for material shipped
gen limits even though these are notnecessarily des- in accordance with this specification, shall be
ignated along with the electrode classification. clearly stated in the purchase order, according to
Therefore, as an example, an electrode designated as the provisions of ANSI/AWS A5.01. In the absence
“H4” also meets “H8” and “H16” requirements of any such statement in the purchase order, the
without being designated as such. See Section 17, supplier may ship the material with whatever test-
Diffusible Hydrogen Test, and Table 1 1, ing the supplier normally conducts on material of
that classification, as specified in Schedule F, Table
A2.3 Table Al shows the classification for similar 1, of the ANSIIAWS A5.01. Testing in accordance
electrodes from Canadian Standards Association with any other schedule in that shall tablebe specifi-
Specification W48.1-Ml980, Mild Steel Covered cally required by the purchase order. In suchcases,
Arc Welding Electrodes. acceptance of the material shipped shall be in ac-
cordance with those requirements.
Table A l A4.Certification
Canadian Electrode Classifications Similarto
AWS Classifications (For Information Only) The act of placing the AWS Specification and
ctrode Canadian AWS Classification designations on the packaging en-
Classificationa closing the product or theclassification on theprod-
uct itself, constitutes the supplier’s (manufacturer’s)
E4 O00
1 - certification that the product meets all of the re-
0 E41010 O quirements of the specification.
E4101 1 1 E60 1 The only testingrequirement implicit inthis certifi-
E41012 E60 12
E41013 cation is that the manufacturer has actually con-
E6013
E41022 ducted theE6022
tests required by the specification on
E41027 material that is representative of that being shipped
E6027
E48000 - and that the material met the requirements of the
E480 1O - specification. Representative material, in this case, is
E4801 1 - any production run of that classification using the
E48012 - same formulation. “Certification” is not to be con-
E4801 3 - strued to mean that tests of any kind were necessarily
0 E480 14 conducted on samples of the specific material
E4801 5 E7015 shipped. Testson such material may or may not have
E480 16
been made. The basis forthe certification requiredby
E4801 8b E7018
E48022 - the specification isthe classification testof “represen-
E48024 tative material”
E7024cited above,and the“Manufacturer’s
E48027 Quality Assurance
E7027 Program” in ANSIIAWS A5.01.
E48028 E7028
E48048 E7048
Notes: A5. Ventilation During Welding
a. From CSA Standard W48.1-MI980, Mild Steel COV-
ered Arc Welding Electrodes, published by Canadian A5.1 The following five major factors govern the
Standards Association, 178 Rexdale Boulevard, quantity of fumes inthe atmosphere towhich weld-
Rexdale, Ontario, Canada M9W 1R3. ers and welding operators areexposed during weld-
b. Also includes E48018-1 designated electrode. ing:

35
(I) Dimensions of the space in which welding is and normally obtained. This does not indicatethat
done (with specialregard to the height of the ceil- either the electrodes or the welds are below stan-
ing) dard. It indicates only that the particular produc-
(2) Number of welders and welding operators tion conditions are more severe than the test
working in that space conditions prescribed by this specification.
(3) Rate of evolution of fumes, gases, or dust, ac-
cording to thematerials and processes used A6.3 Hydrogen is another factorto be considered.
(4) The proximity of welders and welding opera- Weld metals, other than those from low hydrogen
tors to the fumes as they issue from the welding electrodes (E7015, E7016, E7018, E7018M, E7028,
zone, andto thegases and dust in spacethe in which and E7048), contain significant quantitiesof hydro-
they are working gen for some period of time after they have been
( 5 ) The ventilation provided to the space in made. This hydrogen gradually escapes. After two
which the welding is done to four weeks at room temperature or in 24 to 48
hours at200 to 220°F (95 to 105”C),most of it has
A5.2 American National Standard 249. I , Safety escaped. As a result of this changehydrogen
in con-
in Welding and Cutting (published by the American tent, the ductility of the weld metal increases to-
Welding Society), discusses the ventilation that is wards its inherent value, while the yield, tensile,
required during welding and should be referred to and impact strengths remain relatively unchanged.
for details. Attention is drawn particularly to the This specification requires aging of the test speci-
section of that document entitled, “Health Protec- mens at 200 to 220°F (95 to 105°C) for 48 hours
tion and Ventilation”. before subjecting them to the tension test or bend
test. This is done to minimize discrepancies in test-
ing.
A6. Welding Considerations
A6.4 When weldments are given a postweld heat
A6.1 Weld metal properties may vary widely, ac- treatment, the temperature and time at temperature
cording to size of the electrode and amperageused, are very important. Thetensile and yield strengths
size of the weld beads, base metal thickness,joint generally are decreased as postweld heat treatment
geometry, preheat and interpass temperatures, sur- temperature and time at temperature are increased.
face condition, base metal composition, dilution,
etc. Because of the profound effect of these vari- A6.5 Welds made with electrodes of the same
ables, a test procedure was chosen for this
specifica- classification and the same welding procedure will
tion which would represent good welding practice have significantly different tensile and yield
and minimize variationof the most potentof these strengths in the as-welded and postweld heat-
variables. treated conditions. Comparison of the values for as-
welded and postweld heat-treated [ 1150°F(620°C)
A6.2 It should be recognized, however that pro- for one hour]weld metal will show the following:
duction practicesmay be different.The differences
encountered may alter the properties of the weld A6.5.1 The tensile strengthof the postweld heat-
metal, For instance, interpass temperatures may treated weld metal will be approximately 5 ksi
range from subfreezingto several hundred degrees. (34.5 MPa) lower than thatof the weld metal inthe
No single temperature or reasonable range of tem- as-welded condition.
peratures can be chosen for classification tests
which will be representativeof all of the conditions A6.5.2 The yield strength of the postweld heat-
encountered in production work. treated weld metal will be approximately 10 ksi
Properties of production welds may vary accord- (69 MPa) lower than thatof the weld metal inthe as-
ingly, depending on the particular welding condi- welded condition.
tions. Weld metal properties may not duplicate, or
even closely approach, the values listed and pre- A6.6 Conversely,postweldheat-treatedwelds
scribed for testwelds. For example, ductilityin sin- made with the sameelectrodes and using the same
gle pass welds in thickbase metal made outdoors in welding procedure except for variation in interpass
cold weather without adequate preheating may temperature and postweld heat treatment time can
drop to little more than half that required herein have almost identical tensile yield
and strengths. As

AWS A 5 - 1 91 0784265 O O L Z B O b O
36
an example, almost identical tensile and yield some classifications, the radiographic requirements
strengths may be obtained in two welds, one using in Table 8 are notnecessarily indicative of the aver-
an interpass temperature of 300°F (150OC) and age radiographic soundness to be expected in pro-
postweld heat-treated for 1 hour at1150°F(620°C), duction use. Electrodes of the E6010, E601 l ,
and the other using an interpass temperature of E6019, and E6020 classifications can be expected
200°F (93°C) and postweld heat-treated for 10 to produce acceptable radiographic results.
hours at 1 150°F (620°C). Under certain conditions, notably in welding
long, continuous joints in relatively thick base
A6.7 Electrodes which meet all the requirements metal, low hydrogen electrodes of the E7015,
of any given classification may be expected to have E70 16, E7018, and E70 18M classifications will of-
similar characteristics. Certain minor differences ten produce even better results. On the other hand,
continue to exist from one brand to another dueto in jointsopen to the atmosphere on the root side, at
differences in preferences that exist regarding spe- the ends of joints, in joints with many stops and
cific operating characteristics. Furthermore, the starts, and in welds on small diameter pipe or in
only differences between the present E60XX and small, thin, irregularly shaped joints, the
low hydro-
E70XX classifications are thedifferences in chemi- gen electrodes tend to producewelds of poor radio-
cal composition and mechanical properties of the graphic soundness. E60 13 electrodes usually
weld metal, as shown in Tables 2,3, and 7. In many produce thebest radiographic soundnessin welding
applications, electrodes of either E6OXX or E70XX small, thin parts.
classifications may be used. E6027, E7024 and E7028 electrodes produce
welds which may be either quitegood or ratherinfe-
A6.8 Since the electrodes within a given classifi- rior in radiographic soundness. The tendency
cation have similar operating characteristics and seems to be inthe latter direction.Of all types, the
mechanical properties, the user can limit the study E6022 and E6012 electrodes generally produce
of available electrodes to those within a single clas- welds with the least favorable radiographic sound-
sification after determining which classification ness.
best suits the particular requirements.
A6.10.2 Fillet Weld Test. This test is included as
A6.9 This specification does not establish values a means of demonstrating the usability of an elec-
for all characteristics of the electrodes falling within trode. Thistest is concerned with the appearanceof
a given classification, but it does establish values to the weld (i.e., weld face contour and smoothness,
measure those of major importance. In some in- undercut, overlap, size, and resistance to cracking).
stances, a particular characteristic is common to a It also provides an excellent and inexpensive
number of classifications and testing for it is not method of determining the adequacy of fusion at
necessary. In otherinstances, the characteristics are the weld root (one of the important considerations
so intangible that no adequate tests are available. for an electrode).
This specification does not necessarily provide all
the informationneeded to determinewhich classifi- A6.10.3 Toughness. Charpy V-notch impact re-
cation will bestfulfill a particular need. Therefore, a quirements are included in the specification. All
discussion of each classification is included in Ap- classes of electrodes in the specification can pro-
pendix A7 to supplement information given else- duce weld metal of sufficient toughness for many
where in the specification. applications. Theinclusion of impact requirements
for certain electrodeclassifications allows the speci-
A6.10 Some important tests for measuring major fication tobe used as a guide inselecting electrodes
electrode characteristics are as follows: where low-temperature toughness is required.
There can be considerable variation in the weld
A6.10.1 Radiographic Test. Nearly all of the car- metal toughness unless particular attention is given
bon steel electrodes covered by this specification to the welding procedure and the preparation and
are capable of producing welds that meet most ra- testing of the specimens. The impact energy values
diographic soundness requirements. However, if are for Charpy V-notch specimens and should not
incorrectly applied, unsound welds may be pro- be confused with values obtained with other tough-
duced by any of the electrodes. For electrodes of ness tests.

~~ ~ ~~ - ~~~~~
~ .
= ,
37
A6.11 ElectrodeCovering Moisture Contentand A6.11.4 Cellulosiccoverings forE6010 and

Conditioning E601 1 electrodes need moisture levels of 3% to 7%
for proper operation; therefore, storage or condi-
tioning above ambient temperature may dry them
A6.11.1 Hydrogen can have adverse effects on too much and adverselyaffect their operation (see
welds in some steels under certain conditions. One Table A2).
source of this hydrogen is moisture inthe electrode
coverings. For this reason, the proper storage, treat-
ment, and handling of electrodes are necessary. A6.12 Core Wire The core wire for all the elec-
trodes classified in the specification is usually a
mild steel having a typical composition which may
A6.11.2 Electrodesaremanufacturedtobe differ significantly from that of the weld metal pro-
within acceptable moisture Iimits, consistent with duced by the covered electrodes.
the typeof covering and strength of the weld metal.
They are then normally packaged in a container
which has been designed to provide the degree of A6.13 Coverings
moisture protection considered necessary for the
type of covering involved.
A6.13.1 Electrodes of some classifications have
substantial quantitiesof iron powder addedto their
A6.11.3 If there is a possibility that the noncel- coverings. The ironpowder fuses with the core wire
lulosic electrodes may have absorbed excessive and the other metals in the covering, as the elec-
moisture, they may be restored by rebaking. Some trode melts, and is deposited as part of the weld
electrodes require rebaking at a temperature high
as metaI, just as is the core wire. Relatively high cur-
as 800°F (425°C) for approximately 1 to 2 hours. rents can be used since a considerable portionof the
The manner inwhich the electrodes have been pro- electrical energy passing through the electrode is
duced and the relative humidity and temperature used to melt the thicker covering containing iron
conditions under which the electrodes are stored powder. The result is that moreweld metal may be
determine the proper lengthof time and tempera- obtained from a single electrode with iron powder
ture used for conditioning. Some typical storage in its covering than from a single electrode of the
and drying conditions are included inTable A2. same diameter without iron powder.
~~~
Table A2
Typical Storage and Drying Conditions forCovered Arc Welding Electrodes
AWS Conditionsa Storage

Conditionsb
Drying
Classifications
Ovens Holding Air Ambient
E6010, E601 1 Ambient
temperature
recommended
Not
recommended
Not
E6012,E6013,80 k 20°F (30 f 10°C)20°F(12°C)to40°F(24°C)
E60 19, E6020,
E6022, E6027,
E7014, E7024
E7027
1 50 percent
humidity
max relative above
ambient
temperature
hour
1temperature
at
275 & 25°F (135 f 15°C)
I
E7015, E7016, 50°F (30°C)
to
250°F 500 to
800°F (260 to427°C)
E7018,
E7028,
RecommendedC
Not (140°C)
above
ambient 21 to hours at temperature
8M, E701
Notes:
a. After removal from manufacturer’s packaging.
b. Because of inherent differences in covering composition, the manufacturers should be consultedfor the exact dry-
ing conditions.
c. Some of these electrode classifications may be designated as meeting low moisture absorbing requirements. This
designation does not imply thatstorage in ambient air is recommended.

AWS A 5 - L 910784265 OOll808 4
38
A6.13.2 Due to thethick covering and deep cup A7. Description and Intended Use
produced at the arcing end of the electrode, iron of Electrodes
powder electrodes can be used very effectively with
a “drag” technique. This technique consists of A7.1 E6010 Classification
keeping the electrode covering in contact with the
workpiece at all times, which makes for easy han- A7.1.1 E6010 electrodes are characterized by a
dling. However, a techniqueusing a short arc length deeply penetrating, forceful, spray type arc and
is preferable if the 3/32 in. (2.4 mm) or 118 in. readily removable, thin, friable slag which may not
(3.2 mm) electrodes are tobe used in other thanflat seem to completely cover the weld bead. Fillet
or horizontal fillet welding positions or for making welds usually have a relatively flat weld face and
groove welds.
have a rather coarse, unevenly spaced ripple. The
coverings are high in cellulose, usually exceeding
A6.13.3 The E70XX electrodes were included in 30% by weight. The other materialsgenerally used
this specification to acknowledge the higher in the covering include titanium dioxide, metallic
strength levels obtained with many of the ironpow- deoxidizers such as ferromanganese, various types
der andlow hydrogen electrodes, as well as to recog- of magnesium or aluminumsilicates, and liquidso-
nize the industry demand for electrodes with 70 ksi dium silicate as a binder.Because of their covering
(482 MPa) minimum tensile strength. Unlike the composition, these electrodes are generally de-
E70XX-X classification in ANSIIAWS A5.5, Speci- scribed as the high-cellulose sodium type.
fication for Low Alloy Steel Covered Arc Welding
Electrodes, these electrodes do not contain deliber- A7.1.2 These electrodes are recommendedfor all
ate alloy additions, nor are they required to meet welding positions, particularly on multiple pass ap-
minimum tensile properties after postweld heat plications in the vertical and overhead welding po-
treatment. sitions and where welds of good soundness are
required. They frequently are selected for joining
A6.13.4 E70XX low hydrogen electrodes have pipe andgenerally are capable of welding in thever-
mineral coverings which are high in limestone and tical position with either uphill or downhill progres-
other ingredients that arelow in moisture andhence sion.
“low in hydrogen content”. Low hydrogen elec-
trodes were developed for welding low alloy high- A7.1.3 The majority of applications for these
strength steels, some of which were high in carbon electrodes is in joining carbonsteel. However, they
content. Electrodes with other than low hydrogen have been used to advantage on galvanized steel
coverings may produce “hydrogen-induced crack- and on some low alloy steels. Typical applications
ing” in those steels. These underbead cracks occur include shipbuilding, buildings, bridges, storage
in the base metal, usually just below the weld bead. tanks, piping, and pressure vessel fittings. Since the
Weld metal cracks also may occur. These usually applications areso widespread, a discussion of each
are caused by the hydrogen absorbed from the arc is impractical. Sizes larger than 3/16 in. (4.8 mm)
atmosphere. Although these cracks do notgenerally generally have limiteduse in other thanflat or hori-
occur in carbon steels which have alow carbon con- zontal-fillet welding positions.
tent, they may occur whenever other electrodes are
used on higher carbon or alloy steels. Low hydrogen A7.1.4 These electrodes have been designed for
electrodes are also used to weld high-sulphur and use with dcep (electrode positive). The maximum
enameling steels. Electrodes with other thanlow hy- amperage that can generally be used with the larger
drogen coverings give porous welds on high-sulphur sizes of these electrodes is limited in comparisonto
steels. With enameling steels, the hydrogen that es- that for other classifications due to thehigh spatter
capes after welding with other than low hydrogen loss that occurs with high amperage.
electrodes produces holes in the enamel.
A7.2 E6011 Classification
A6.14 Amperage Ranges Table A3 gives amperage
ranges which are satisfactory for most classifica- A7.2.1 E601 1 electrodesare designed to be
tions. When welding vertically upward, currents used with ac current and to duplicate the usability
near thelower limit of the range are generally used. characteristics and mechanical properties of the

39
m O
b -0
O I I zKi I I I I I
2l N
O O O O
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I I O 0
m m
mw
F m
m m O N
m b o m
N N m b
O O O O
- W -0 -0 *"O
I I Ol-
O N
O b
w m 2 %
(U N m M
O O O O
-47 -0 -0 -m
I I o m
OON
O N O m
b m O m
m b
l-b
4 N m m
2 O
-m
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-0
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*m
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m b
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g z
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In

0781.1265 O O L L B L O 2 W
40
E60 1O classification. Although also usable with of handling, good fillet weld face, and ability to
dcep (electrode positive), a decrease in joint pene- bridge wide root openings under conditionsof poor
tration will be noted when compared to theE6010 fit, and to withstand high amperages make them
electrodes. Arc action, slag, and fillet weld appear- very well suited to this type of work. The electrode
ance are similar to those of the E6010 electrodes. size used for vertical and overhead positionwelding
is frequently one size smaller than would be used
A7.2.2 The coverings are also high in cellulose with an E6010 or E601 1 electrode.
and are described as the high-cellulose potassium
type, In addition to the other ingredients normally A7.3.4 Weld metal from these electrodes is gen-
found in E6010 coverings, small quantities of cal- erally lower in ductility and may be higher in yield
cium and potassium compounds usually are pres- strength [ 1 to 2 ksi (690 to 1380 kPa)] than weld
ent. metal from the same size of either the E6010 or
E601 1 electrodes.
A7.2.3 Sizes larger than 3/16 in. (4.8mm) gen-
erally have limited use in other than
flat or horizon- A7.4 E6013 Classification
tal-fillet welding positions.
A7.4.1 E601 3 electrodes, although very similar
A7.3 E6012 Classification to the E6012 electrodes, have distinct differences.
Their flux covering makes slag removal easier and
A7.3.1 E6012 electrodes are characterized by gives a smoother arc transfer than E6012 elec-
low penetrating arc and dense slag, which com- trodes. This is particularly the case for the small
pletely covers the bead. This may result in incom- diameters [ 1/16, 5/64, and 3/32 in. (1.6, 2.0, and
plete root penetration in fillet welded joints. The 2.4 mm)]. This permits satisfactory operation with
coverings are high intitania, usually exceeding35% lower open-circuit ac voltage. E60 13 electrodes
by weight, and usually are referred to as the “tita- were designed specifically for light sheet metal
nia” or “rutile” type. The coverings generally also work. However, the larger diameters are used on
contain small amounts of celluloseand ferromanga- many of the same applicationsas E60 12 electrodes
nese, and various siliceous materials such as feld- and providelow penetrating arc. The smaller diam-
spar andclay with sodium silicate as a binder. Also, eters provide a less penetrating arc thanis obtained
small amounts of certain calcium compounds may with E601 2 electrodes. This may result in incom-
be used to produce satisfactory arc characteristics plete penetration in fillet welded joints.
on dcen (electrode negative).
A7.4.2 Coverings ofE601 3 electrodes contain
A7.3.2 Fillet welds tend to have a convex weld rutile, cellulose, ferromanganese, potassium silicate
face with smooth even ripples in the horizontal as a binder, and other siliceous materials. The po-
welding position, and widely spaced rougher ripples tassium compounds permit theelectrodes to oper-
in the vertical welding position which become ate with ac at low amperages and low open-circuit
smoother and more uniformas the size of the weld voltages.
is increased. Ordinarily, a larger size fillet must be
made in the vertical and overhead welding posi- A7.4.3 E6013electrodesaresimilartothe
tions using E6012 electrodes compared to welds E60 12 electrodes in usability characteristics and
with E60 1O and E601 1 electrodes of the same diam- bead appearance. The arcaction tendsto be quieter
eter. and the bead surface smoother with a finer ripple.
The usability characteristics of E601 3 electrodes
A7.3.3 The E6012electrodes are all-position vary slightly frombrand tobrand. Someare recom-
electrodes and usually are suitable for welding in mended for sheet metal applications where their
the vertical welding position with either the upward ability to weld satisfactorily in the vertical welding
or downward progression. However, more often the position with downward progression is an advan-
larger sizesare used in the flat and horizontalweld- tage.
ing positions rather than in the vertical and over- Others, with a more fluid slag, are used for hori-
head welding positions. The larger sizes are often zontal fillet welds and other general purpose weld-
used for single pass, high-speed, high current fillet ing. These electrodes produce a flat fillet weld face
welds in the horizontalwelding position. Their ease rather than the convex weld face characteristic of

AWS A 5 - L 91 W 0784265 ~~
-~
OOLLBLL 4
~ ~ ~~~ ~
41
E6012 electrodes. They are also suitable for making tion or after conditioning, are expected to meet a
groove welds because of their concaveweld face and maximum covering moisture limitof 0.6% or less,
easily removable slag. In addition, the weld metal is as required in Table 10.
definitely freer of slag and oxide inclusions than
E6012 weld metal and exhibits better soundness. A7.6.2 The potential for diffusible hydrogen in
Welds with the smaller diameter E6013 electrodes the weld metal can be assessed more directly, but
often meet the Grade 1 radiographic requirements less conveniently, by the diffusible hydrogen test, as
of this specification. specified in Section 17, Diffusible Hydrogen Test.
The results of this test, using electrodes in the as-
A7.4.4 E60 13 electrodes usually cannot with- manufactured condition or after conditioning, per-
stand the high amperages that can be used with mit the addition of an optional supplemental dif-
E6012 electrodes inthe flat and horizontalwelding fusible hydrogen designator to the classification
positions. Amperages in the vertical and overhead designation accordingto Table 1 1. See also A9.2 in
positions, however, are similar to those used with this Appendix.
E6012 electrodes.
A7.6.3 In order to maintainlow hydrogen elec-
A7.5 E7014 Classification trodes with minimal moisture in their coverings,
these electrodes should be stored and handled with
A7.5.1 E7014 electrode coverings are similarto considerable care. Electrodes which have been ex-
those of E6012 and E601 3 electrodes, but withthe posed to humidity may absorb considerable mois-
addition of iron powder for obtaining higher depo- ture and their low hydrogen character may be lost.
sition efficiency. The covering thickness and the Then conditioning can restore their low hydrogen
amount of iron powder in E7014 are less than in character. See Table A2.
E7024 electrodes (see A7.10).
A7.6.4 Low hydrogenelectrodecoveringscan
A7.5.2 The iron powderalso permits the use of
be designed to resist moisture absorption for a con-
higher amperages than are used for E6012 and
siderable time in a humid environment. The ab-
E6013 electrodes.The amount and character of the
slag permit E701 4 electrodesto be used in allposi- sorbed moisture test (see Section 16, Absorbed
Moisture Test), assesses this characteristicby deter-
tions.
mining the covering moisture after nine hours expo-
sure to 80°F (27"C), 80%relative humidity air. If,
A7.5.3 The E7014electrodes aresuitablefor
after this exposure,the covering moisture does not
welding carbon and low alloy steels. Typical weld
exceed 0.4%, then the optional supplemental desig-
beads are smooth with fine ripples. Joint penetra-
nator, "R", may be added to the electrode classifi-
tion is approximately the same as that obtained
in 10. See also
cation designation, as specifiedTable
with E6012 electrodes (see 7.3. l), which is advanta-
A9.3 in thisAppendix.
geous when welding over a wide robt openingtodue
poor fit. The face of fillet welds tends to be flat to
slightly convex. The slag is easy to remove.In many A7.6.5 E7015 Classification
cases, it removes itself.
A7.6.5.1 E7015electrodesare low hydrogen
A7.6 Low Hydrogen Electrodes electrodes to be used with dcep (electrode positive).
The slag is chemicallybasic.
A7.6.1 Electrodes of the low hydrogen classifi-
cations (E7015, E7016, E7018, E7018M, E7028, A7.6.5.2 E701 5 electrodesarecommonly
and E7048) are made with inorganic coverings that used for making small welds on thick base metal,
contain minimal moisture. The covering moisture since the welds are less susceptible to cracking (see
test, as specified in Section15, Moisture Test, con- A6.13.4). They are also used for welding high sul-
verts hydrogen-bearing compounds in any form in phur and enamelingsteels. Welds made with E701 5
the covering into water vapor that is collected and electrodes on high sulphur steels may produce a
weighed. The test thusassesses the potential hydro- very tight slag and a very rough or irregular bead
gen available from an electrode covering. All low appearance in comparison to welds with the same
hydrogen electrodes, inthe as-manufactured condi- electrodes in steelsof normal sulphur content.

AWS A 5 . 1 91 W 0 7 8 4 2 6 50 0 1 L 8 1 2 b W
42
A7.6.5.3 The arc of E70 15 electrodes is mod- A7.6.7.3 In addition to their use on carbon
erately penetrating. The slag is heavy, friable, and steel, the E7018 electrodes are also used for joints
easy to remove. The weld faceis convex, although a involving high-strength, high carbon, or low alloy
fillet weld face may be flat. steels (see also A6.13). The fillet welds made in the
horizontal andflat welding positions havea slightly
A7.6.5.4 E7015 electrodes up to and includ- convex weld face, with a smooth and finely rippled
ing the 5/32 in. (4.0 mm) size are used in all welding surface. The electrodes are characterized by a
positions. Larger electrodes are used for groove smooth, quiet arc, very low spatter, and medium
welds in theflat welding position and fillet welds in arc penetration. E7018 electrodes can be used at
the horizontal and flat welding positions. high travel speeds.
A7.6.5.5 Amperages for E701 5 electrodes are A7.6.7.4 Electrodesdesignated as E70 18-1
higher than thoseused with E601O electrodes of the have the same usability and weld metal composi-
same diameter. The shortest possible arc length tion as E701 8 electrodes, except that themanganese
should be maintained for best results with E7015 content is set at thehigh end of the range. They are
electrodes. This reduces the risk of porosity. The intended for welds requiring a lower transition tem-
necessity for preheating is reduced; therefore, better perature than is normally available from E701 8
welding conditions are provided. electrodes.
A7.6.6 E7016 Classification A7.6.8 E7018M Electrodes
A7.6.8.1 E701 8M electrodes aresimilar to

A7.6.6.1 E7016 electrodes have all the char-
E7018-1H4R electrodes, except that the testing for
acteristics of E7015 electrodes, plus the ability to mechanical properties andfor classification is done
operate onac. The core wire and coverings are very on a groove weld that has a 60 degree included angle
similar to those of E7015, except for the use of a and, for electrodes up to 5/32 in. (4.0 mm),welded
potassium silicate binder or other potassium salts in the vertical position with upward progression.
in the coverings to facilitate their use with ac. Most
The impact test results are evaluated using all five
of the preceding discussion on E701 5 electrodes ap- test values and higher values are required at -20°F
plies equally well to the E7016 electrodes. The dis- (-29°C). The maximum allowable moisture-in-
cussion in A6.13.4 also applies. coating values in the “as-received” or recondi-
tioned state are more restrictive than that required
A7.6.6.2 Electrodes designated as E70 16- 1 for E70 18R. Thisclassification closely corresponds
have the same usability and weld metal composi- to MIL-701 8-M in MIL-E-22200/10 specification,
tion as E70 16 electrodes except that themanganese with the exception that the absorbed moisture lim-
content is set at thehigh end of the range. They are its on theelectrode covering and the diffusible hy-
intended for welds requiring a lower transition tem- drogen limits on the weld metal are not as
perature than is normally available from E701 6 restrictive as those in MIL-E-22200/10.
electrodes.
A7.6.8.2 E701 8M is intended to be used with
A7.6.7 E7018 Classification dcep type current in order to produce the optimum
mechanical properties. However, if the manufac-
A7.6.7.1 E701 8 electrode coverings are sim- turer desires, the electrode may also be classified as
ilar to E70 15 coverings, except for the additionof a E7018 provided all the requirements of E701 8 are
relatively high percentage of iron powder. The cov- met.
erings on these electrodes are slightly thicker than
those of the E70 16 electrodes. A7.6.8.3 In addition to their use on carbon
steel, the E7018M electrodes are used for joining
A7.6.7.2 E701 8 low hydrogen electrodes can carbon steel to high strength low alloy steels and
be usedwith either acor dcep. They are designed for higher carbon steels. Fillet welds made in the hori-
the same applicationsas the E7016 electrodes. As is zontal and flat welding positions have a slightly
common with all low hydrogen electrodes, a short convex weld face, with a smooth and finely rippled
arc length should be maintained at all times. surface. The electrodes are characterized by a

AUS A 5 . 1 91 W 0784265 0011813 8 W
~
~ ~
~~ ~ ~~
43
smooth, quiet arc, very low spatter, and medium A7.8 E6020 Classification
B arc penetration.
A7.6.9 E7028 Classification

A7.8.1 E6020 electrodes have a high iron oxide
covering. They are characterized by a spray type
arc, produce a smoothand flat, or slightly concave
weld face and have an easily removableslag.
A7.6.9.1 E7028 electrodes are very much like
the E701 8 electrodes. However, E7028 electrodes A7.8.2 A low viscosity slag limits their usability
are suitable for fillet
welds in the horizontalwelding to horizontal fillets and welding
flat positions. With
position and groovewelds in the flat welding posi- arc penetration ranging from medium to deep (de-
tion only, whereasE70 18 electrodes are suitable for pending upon welding current), E6020 electrodes
all positions. are best suited for thicker base metal.
A7.6.9.2 The E7028electrodecoverings are A7.9E6022Classification. Electrodes of the

much thicker. They make up approximately 50% of E6022 classification are recommended for single
the weight of the electrodes. The iron content of pass, high-speed, high current welding of groove
E7028 electrodes is higher (approximately 50% of welds in the flat welding position, lap joints in the
the weight ofthe coverings). Consequently, on fillet horizontal welding position, and fillet welds on
welds in thehorizontal position and groovewelds in sheet metal.The weld face tends to be more convex
the flat welding position, E7028 electrodes give a and less uniform, especially since the welding
higher depositionrate than the E701 8 electrodes for
speeds are higher.
a given size of electrode.
A7.10 E7024 Classification
A7.6.10 E7048 Classification. Electrodes of the
E7048 classification havethe sameusability, com- A7.10.1 E7024electrodecoveringscontain
position, and design characteristics as E7018 elec- large amounts of iron powder in combination with
trodes, except that E7048 electrodes are specifically ingredients similar to those used in E601 2 and
B designed for exceptionally good vertical welding

with downward progression (see Table 1).
E601 3 electrodes. The coverings on E7024 elec-
trodes are very thickand usually amount to about
50% of the weight of the electrode, resulting in
A7.7 E6019 Classification higher deposition efficiency.
A7.10.2 The E7024electrodesare well suited

A7.7.1 E601 9 electrodes, although very similar for making filletwelds in the flat or horizontal posi-
to E6013 and E6020 electrodes in their coverings, tion. The weld face is slightly convex to flat, with a
have distinct differences. E6019 electrodes, with a very smooth surface and a very fine ripple. These
rather fluidslag system, provide deeperarc penetra- electrodes are characterizedby a smooth, quiet arc,
tion and produce weld metal that meetsa 22% mini- very low spatter, and low arc penetration. They can
mum elongation requirement, meets the Grade 1 be used with high travel speeds. Electrodesof these
radiographic standards, and has an average impact classifications can be operated on ac, dcep, or dcen.
strengthof20 fi-lb (275)when tested at O0F(-18"C).
A7.10.3 Electrodes designated as E7024-1 have
A7.7.2 E6019electrodesaresuitablefor mul- the same general usability characteristics as E7024
tipass welding of up to l in. (25 mm) thick steel. electrodes. They are intended for use in situations
They are designed for use with ac, dcen, or dcep. requiring greater ductility and a lower transition
While 3/16 in.(4.8 mm) and smaller diameter elec- temperature than normally is available from E7024
trodes can beused for allwelding positions (except electrodes.
vertical welding position with downward progres-
sion), the use of larger diameter electrodes should A7.11 E6027 Classification
be limitedto theflat or horizontal filletwelding po-
sition. When welding in the vertical welding posi- A7.1€.1 E6027electrodecoveringscontain
tion with upward progression, weaving should be large amountsof iron powder in combination with
limited to minimize undercut. ingredients similar to those found in E6020 elec-
D
Licensed by Information Handling Services i
0784265 001LBL4 T
44
trodes. The coverings on E6027 electrodes are also in preference to fused silica or mullite because zir-
very thick and usually amount to about50% of the conium silicate will not devitrifyor allow the escape
weight of the electrode. of combustible gases at temperatures up to 2500°F
(1370°C). Some combustion tubes are reduced at
A7.11.2 The E6027 electrodes are designed for the exit end and a separate dust trap is used. This
fillet or groove welds in the flat welding position dust trap consists of a 200 mm drying tube filled
with ac, dcep, or dcen, and will produce a flat or with glass wool which is inserted between the
slightly concave weld faceon fillet welds in thehori- Schwartz absorption U-tube and the combustion
zontal position with either ac or dcen. tube. A suitable 300°F (149°C) heater is mounted
around the dust trap keepto the evolved water from
A7.11.3 E6027electrodes have aspray-type condensing in the trap. The dust trapis filled with
arc. They will operate at high travel speeds, Arc glass wool which can be easily inspected to deter-
penetration is medium. Spatter loss is very low. mine when the glass wool should be replaced. An
E6027 electrodes produce a heavy slag which is extra spray trap may be installed downstream of the
honeycombed on the underside. The slag is friable absorption U-tube to ensure that the concentrated
and easily removed. sulfuric acid in thegas sealing bottle is not acciden-
tally drawn into the absorption U-tube.
A7.11.4 Welds produced with E6027 electrodes
have a flat to slightly concave weld face with a A8.1.2 On the entrance end of the combustion
smooth, fine, even ripple, and good wetting along tube, a pusherrod can be used consisting of a 1/8 in.
the sides of the joint. The
weld metal may be slightly (3.2 mm) stainless steel rod mounted in a 1/4 in.
(6.4 mm) copper tee fitting. This is used at the en-
inferior in radiographic soundness to that from
E6020 electrodes. High amperages can be used, trance of the combustion tube and permits gradual
since a considerable portion of the electrical energy introduction of the sample into the tube while oxy-
passing through the electrode is used to melt the gen is passing over thesample. In thisway, any free
covering and the iron powder it contains. These moisture will not be lost, which can happen if the
electrodes are well suited for thicker base metal. sample is introduced directly into the hot zonebe-
fore closing the end of the tube.
A7.12 E7027 Classification. E7027electrodes
have the same usability and design characteristics A9. Special Tests
as E6027 electrodes, except they are intended for
use in situations requiring slightly higher tensile A9.1 It is recognized thatsupplementarytests
and yield strengths than are obtained with E6027 may be necessary to determine the suitability of
electrodes. They must also meet chemical composi- these welding electrodes for applications involving
tion requirements (see Table 7). In other respects, properties not considered in this specification. In
all previous discussions for E6027 electrodes also such cases, additional tests to determine specific
apply to E7027 electrodes. properties, such as hardness, corrosion resistance,
mechanical properties at higher or lower service
temperatures, wear resistance, and suitability for
AS. Modification of Moisture Test welding combinations of different carbon and low
Apparatus alloy steels, may need to be conducted.
A8.1 Some laboratories have modified test appa- A9.2 Diffusible Hydrogen Test Hydrogen induced
ratus for determining the moisture contentof elec- cracking of weld metal and the heat-affected zone
trode coverings. The following are some of the generally are not problems with carbon steels con-
modifications which have been successfully used: taining 0.30%, or less, carbon. Nevertheless, the
welding electrodes of the specification are some-
A8.1.1 Thisspecificationrecommendsthat times used to join higher carbon steels or low alloy
only nickel boats be used rather than clay boats be- steels, where hydrogen induced cracking may be a
cause lower blank values can be obtained. Somelab- serious problem.
oratories use zirconium silicate combustion tubes The coating moisture test has proven to be satis-
a

"~ ~~ ~ - _ _ _ ~ ~ _ ~
~~
~
~~
~ ~,
45
factory test over many years as a means of assessing tions during welding will not diminish the final
the degree of care needed to avoid hydrogen in- results of the test.
duced cracking. This is, however, an indirect test.
Moisture itself does not cause cracking, but thedif-
A9.3 Absorbed Moisture Test. The development
fusible hydrogen that forms from the moisture in
of low hydrogen electrode coverings that resist
the arc can causecracking.
moisture absorption during exposure to humid air
Since entry of diffusible hydrogen into the weld
is a recent improvement in covered electrode tech-
pool can beaffected by the formof the moisture in
nology. Not all commercial low hydrogen elec-
the coating(for example, chemically bonded versus
trodes possess this characteristic. To assess this
surface absorbed), there is a fundamental utility for
characteristic, the absorbed moisture test described
considering diffusible hydrogen for low hydrogen
in Section 16, Absorbed Moisture Test, was de-
electrodes. Accordingly, the use of optional desig-
vised. The exposure conditions selected for the test
nators for diffusible hydrogen is introduced to indi-
are arbitrary. Other conditions mayyield quite dif-
cate themaximum average value obtained under a
ferent results.
clearly defined test condition in ANSUAWS A4.3,
A task group of the AWS A5A Subcommittee
Standard Methodsfor Determination of the Diffils-
evaluated this test and concluded that it can suc-
ible Hydrogen Content of Martensitic, Bainitic,and
cessfully differentiate moisture resistant electrodes
Ferritic Weld Metal Produced by Arc Welding.
from those which are not. The task group also ob-
The user of this information is cautioned that ac-
served considerable variability of covering mois-
tual welding conditions may result in different dif-
ture results after exposureof electrodes in coopera-
fusible hydrogen values than those indicated by the
€ive testing among several laboratories, The
designator.
precision of the test is such that, with moisture re-
The use of a reference atmospheric condition
sistant electrodes from single
a lot, the participating
during welding is necessitated because the arc al-
laboratories could observeexposed covering mois-
ways is imperfectly shielded. Moisture from the air,
ture values ranging, for exampIe, from O. 15% or less
distinct fromthat in the covering, can enter the arc
to 0.35% or more, The cause of this variability is
and subsequentlythe weld pool, contributing to the
uncertain at present, but is consideredby the task
resulting observed diffusible hydrogen. This effect
group to be related to variations in the exposure
can be minimized by maintaining as short an arc
conditions. Because of this variability, the task
length as possible consistent with a steady arc. Ex-
group concludedthat itis not realisticto set a limit
perience has shown that the effect of arc length is
for covering moisture of exposed moisture resistant
minor at theH l 6 level, but isvery significant at the
electrodes lower than 0.4% at this time.
H4 level. An electrode meetingthe H4 requirement
under the reference atmospheric conditions may
not do so under conditions of higher humidity at
the timeof welding. This is especially true if aIong AIO. Discontinued Classifications
arc is maintained.
The reference atmospheric condition during A number of electrode classifications havebeen
welding of the test assembly is 10 grains of water discontinued duringthe numerous revisionsof this
vapor per pound (1.43g/kg) of dry air. This corres- specification, reflecting either changes in commer-
ponds to 70°F (21°C) and 10% RH on a standard cial practice,or changes inthe scope of filler metals
psychrometricchart at 29.92 in. Hg (760 mm) baro- classified in the specification. These discontinued
metric pressure, Actual conditions, measured using electrode classifications are listed in TabIe A4,
a sling psychrometer, that equal or exceed this refer- along with the year they were last published in this
ence condition provide assurance that the condi- specification.

AWS A 5 - 1 91 0784265
OO1181b 3 =
46
Table A4
Discontinued Electrode Classifications"
AWS Last A5.1 (ASTM A-233) AWS Last A5.1 (ASTM A-233)
Classification Publication Date Classification Publication Date
1 E45 1 1945 1943 E9020
E452 1 1945 1943 E9030
E7010b EIOOIOb 1945
E701 l b 1945 El001 l b 1945
E70 12 1945 1945 E10012
E7020b 10020 E 1945
E7030 1945 1945 E10030
E80 1Ob 1958 1945 10 E45
E801 l b 1945 E4520 1958
E80 12 1958 E60 14
E8020b E601 5 1958
E8030 1945 1958 E60 16
E90 1Ob 1945 E601 8 1958
E901 l b 1945 E6024 1958
E90 12 1958 1945 E6028
E6030 1958
Notes:
a. See AIO (in the Appendix) for information on discontinued classifications.
b. These electrode classifications were transferred from the ASTM A233-45T to the new AWS A5.5-48T. They were
later discontinued from that specification and replaced with the new "G" classifications in order to permita single
classification system with weld metal chemistry requirements in AWS A5.5-58T.

AUS A 5 9 1 91 m 0784265 O O L l B L 7 5 m
~ ~~~ ~~~
~
~~~~ ~~ ~~ ~ -
,
AWS Filler Metal Related Documents

AWS Designation
FMC Filler Comparison
MetalCharts
A4.2 StandardProceduresfor
Calibrating
MagneticInstruments
to
Measure
the
Delta
Ferrite
Content
of Austenitic Stainless Steel Weld Metal
A4.3 StandardMethodsfor
Determination of
the
Diffusible
Hydrogen
Content
of
Martensitic,
Bainitic, and Ferritic Steel Weld Metal Produced by Arc Welding
A5.01 Filler Procurement
Metal Guidelines
AS. 1 Specification
for
Carbon Steel Electrodes for Shielded
MetalArc Welding
A5.2 Specification
for
Carbon
and
Low Alloy Steel Rods
for Oxyfuel Gas Welding
A5.3 Specification
for
Aluminumand
Aluminum Alloy Electrodes for Shielded
Metal
ArcWelding
A5.4 Specification
for
Covered
Corrosion-Resisfing
Chromium and Chromium-Nickel Steel Welding
Electrodes
A5.5 Specification for Low
Alloy Steel Covered
Arc Welding Electrodes
A5.6 Specification for Covered
Copper and Copper Alloy Arc Welding Electrodes
A5.7 Specification for Copper and
Copper Alloy Bare Welding Rods
andElectrodes
A5.8 Specification
for Filler Metals
Brazing
for
A5.9 Specification for
Corrosion-Resisting
Chromium
and
Chromium-Nickel Steel Bare
and
Composite Metal Cored and StrandedWelding Electrodes and Welding Rods
A5.10 Specification forBare
Aluminum and
Aluminum Alloy
Welding Electrodesand
Rods
AS. 11 SpecificationforNickelandNickel AlloyWelding ElectrodesforShieldedMetal ArcWelding
A5.12 Specification
Tungsten
for Arc Welding Electrodes
AS. 13
Specification for Solid
Surfacing Welding Rods and
Electrodes
A5.14 Specificationfor
Nickeland
Nickel Alloy BareWeldingElectrodes andRods
A5.15 Specification
for Welding Electrodes and
Rods
for
Cast Iron
AS. 16 Specificationfor Titanium and
Titanium Alloy
Welding Electrodesand
Rods
A5.17 Specification for Carbon Steel Electrodesand
Fluxes for Submerged Arc
Welding
AS. 18
Specification for Carbon Steel Filler Metals for Gas
Shielded Arc
Welding
AS. 19 Specification for Magnesium Alloy Welding Rodsand
Bare
Electrodes
A5.20 Specification for Carbon Steel Electrodes for Flux
Cored
Arc
Welding
A5.2 1 Specification
for
CompositeSurfacing Welding Rodsand
Electrodes
A5.22 Specification for Flux
Cored
Corrosion-Resisting
Chromium and Chromium-Nickel Steel
Electrodes
A5.23
Specification
for Low Alloy Steel Electrodes
andFluxes
for
Submerged Arc Welding
A5.24 Specification for Zirconium
and
Zirconium Alloy
Welding Electrodes and Rods
A5.25 Specification for Carbon and Low Alloy Steel ElectrodesandFluxesfor Electroslag Welding
A5.26 Specification for Carbon
and Low Alloy Steel Electrodes for
Electrogas Welding
A5.27 Specification
for
Copper
and
Copper Alloy Rods for Oxyfuel Gas Welding
A5.28 Specification
for Low Alloy Steel Filler Metals for Gas ShieldedArc Welding
A5.29
Specification
for
Low Alloy Steel Electrodes for Flux
Cored Arc Welding
A5.30 Specification
Consumable
for Inserts
Society, 550 N.W. LeJeune Road, P.O.
For additional information, contact the Order Department, American Welding
Box 35 1040, Miami, Florida 33135,


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COPYRIGHT American Welding Society, Inc.

Licensed by Information Handling Services

Under the direction of

A American Welding Society

COPYRIGHT American Welding Society, Inc.

American Welding Society,

@ 199 1 by American Welding Society. All rights reserved

COPYRIGHT American Welding Society, Inc.

W; L. Wilcox, Chairman Scott Paper Company

COPYRIGHT American Welding Society, Inc.

R. D. Thomas, Jr. R. D. Thomas and Company

AWS Subcommittee on Carbon andLow Alloy Steel Electrodes and

R. A. LaFave, Chairman Elliott Company

COPYRIGHT American Welding Society, Inc.

COPYRIGHT American Welding Society, Inc.

Past A .General Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

5. Units of Measure and Rounding-Off Procedure ................................ 1

Part B .Tests. Procedures. and Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

8. Weld Test Assemblies .................................................... 3

1O . Radiographic Test ....................................................... 8

13. ImpactTest ............................................................ 20

14. Fillet Weld Test ......................................................... 20

15. MoistureTest .......................................................... 24

16. Absorbed Moisture Test .................................................. 27

17. Diffusible Hydrogen Test ................................................. 28

COPYRIGHT American Welding Society, Inc.

Part C - Manl&acture, IdentiJication,andPackaging .................................. 29

18. Method of Manufacture .................................................. 29

19. Standard Sizes andLengths.

20. CoreWireandCovering .................................................. 29

21. ExposedCore .......................................................... 29 I

22. Electrode Identification. . . . . . . . . . .......................... ............... 30

24. Marking of Packages ..................................................... 31

Appendix - Guide to AWSSpeciJicationfor Carbon Steel Electrodes

Al. Introduction ............................................................ 33

A2. Classification System ..................................................... 33

A4. Certification .................................. ......................... . 34

A6.Welding Considerations ........................... . . . 35

A8. Modification of Moisture Test Apparatus ...................................... 44

A9. SpecialTests ....................................................... . . . . . 44

AWS Filler Metal Related Documents . . . . . . . . . . . . ......................... (Inside back cover)

COPYRIGHT American Welding Society, Inc.

COPYRIGHT American Welding Society, Inc.

COPYRIGHT American Welding Society, Inc.

COPYRIGHT American Welding Society, Inc.

E6020 High iron oxide ac or dcen

properties, and soundness of the weld metal; mois-

COPYRIGHT American Welding Society, Inc.

7. Retest (4) The groove weld in Figure 4 for transverse

COPYRIGHT American Welding Society, Inc.

COPYRIGHT American Welding Society, Inc.

COPYRIGHT American Welding Society, Inc.

COPYRIGHT American Welding Society, Inc.

COPYRIGHT American Welding Society, Inc.

Bend Test. The assembly shall betested in theaged

1. Base metal of any convenient size, of any type specified in

9.2 The sample shall be analyzed by accepted ana-

9.3 The results of the analysis shall meet the re-

COPYRIGHT American Welding Society, Inc.

Figure 2 - Groove Weld Test Assembly for Mechanical Properties and

COPYRIGHT American Welding Society, Inc.

CUT HERE FOR END OF WELD MADE

' FLANGE TO BE STRAIGHT AND IN INTIMATE CONTACT