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Assessment of Capabilities of Ship

Systems in Accordance with New SOLAS
Requirements for Safe Return to Port
Luis Guarin and Alasdair Douglas, Safety at Sea Ltd, UK
Jakub Cichowicz, University of Strathclyde, UK

Design and Operation of Passenger Ships

 Contents

• Brief SRtP Overview

• SOLAS approach to SRtP Assessment
• Design of i-Sys Software / Methodology
• Assessment
• Reporting
• Future Developments
• Conclusions

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 Introduction

• Safe Return to Port concept

– In place July 2010

• Require to assess ship’s systems for damage scenarios

– Retain minimum required systems capabilities
– Allow for abandonment

• Lengthy / Complex process

– Many systems
– High interdependency
– Many damage scenarios

• Require good methodology / tools to make possible

– i-Sys

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 SRTP Requirements
Safe return to port
Casualty threshold not exceeded
• Indefinite survivability
(vessel afloat and upright)
• Fire contained within casualty
threshold
• Operability of essential systems to
support safe areas and recovery of
the vessel
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Safe and orderly
abandonment
Loss of a single MVZ
• [3]* hours survivability for
abanbonment
• Fire contained within MVZ
• Operability of systems to support
evacuation and abandonment
* Required Safe Abandonment Time
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 Damage Scenarios (SOLAS)

Safe Return To Port

1. Flooding to any single watertight compartment

(SOLAS regulation II-1/8-1)
2. Fire with casualty threshold
(SOLAS regulation II-2/21)

Evacuation and abandonment

3. Fire, loss of any single main vertical zone

(SOLAS regulation II-2/22)
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Breakdown of Essential Systems

List of essential systems as defined in SOLAS II-2 Regulation 21-4 and 22-3
SRTP EAA
ID System
Reg. 21-4 Reg. 22-3
1 Propulsion and necessary auxiliary systems X
2 Steering systems and steering-control systems X
3 Navigation systems X
4 Systems for fill, transfer and service of fuel oil X
5 Internal communications system X X
6 External communications X X
7 Fire main system X X
8 Fixed fire-extinguishing systems (gaseous and water) X
9 Fire and smoke detection systems X
10 Bilge and ballast systems X X
11 Power operated watertight and semi-watertight doors X
12 Systems intended to support “safe areas” X
13 Flooding detection systems X
14 Other systems vital to damage control efforts X
15 Lighting along escape routes, at assembly stations X
and at embarkation stations of lifer-saving appliances
16 Guidance systems for evacuation X

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 Approach

1. Ship Description (inc. Systems)

2. Overall assessment of ship systems

3. Detailed assessment of critical systems

– If required after overall assessment

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 Ship Description

• Basic layout (GA)

• Watertight subdivision

• A-Class boundaries

• Systems design criteria

• Systems locations and interconnections

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 Assessment of Systems

• Apply damage scenarios

• Determine impact on
– System components
• e.g. propagation out with damage location
– System functionality
– Essential system availability

• Detailed analysis as required

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 Requirements of Analysis Tool

• Model the ship layout

– Including WT, AClass and MVZ boundaries
– Damage scenarios

• Model ship systems

– Layout, locations etc
– Functionality

• Determine effect of damages on system functionality

• Detailed overview of failure mechanism

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 Ship Model

• Create interactive deck

view of vessel

• Import DXF of each

space
– e.g export from NAPA

• Join to form decks

• Each space selectable

– Joined if across multiple
decks
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 Define Zones / Damages

• Require to define
– WT, AClass, MVZ boundaries
– Flood and fire damages

• Select multiple spaces and

assign to a zone or damage

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System Definition Breakdown

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 System Definition

• Build up a line block diagram

– Similar to standard systems drawings

• Adding Components
– Select space within vessel in GA display

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 System Definition

• Build up a line block diagram

– Similar to standard systems drawings

• Adding Components
– Select space within vessel in GA display

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 System Definition

• Build up a line block diagram

– Similar to standard systems drawings

• Adding Components
– Select space within vessel in GA display
– Add component
• Specify details

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 System Definition

• Build up a line block diagram

– Similar to standard systems drawings

• Adding Components
– Select space within vessel in GA display
– Add component
• Specify details

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 System Definition

• Build up a line block diagram

– Similar to standard systems drawings

• Adding Components
– Select space within vessel in GA display
– Add component
• Specify details

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 System Definition

• Build up a line block diagram

– Similar to standard systems drawings

• Adding Components
– Select space within vessel in GA display
– Add component
• Specify details

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 System Definition

• Build up a line block diagram

– Similar to standard systems drawings

• Adding Components
– Select space within vessel in GA display
– Add component
• Specify details
– Place on systems diagram

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 System Definition

• Build up a line block diagram

– Similar to standard systems drawings

• Adding Components
– Select space within vessel in GA display
– Add component
• Specify details
– Place on systems diagram

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 System Definition

• Must connect various blocks

– Cables, Pipes

• Select two components

– Add connection
Route connection through vessel
Pipe added to diagram

• Continue to build up full model

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 System Definition

• Must connect various blocks

– Cables, Pipes

• Select two components

– Add connection
– Route connection through vessel
– Pipe added to diagram

• Continue to build up full model

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 System Definition

• Must connect various blocks

– Cables, Pipes

• Select two components

– Add connection
– Route connection through vessel
– Pipe added to diagram

• Continue to build up full model

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 System Definition

• Must connect various blocks

– Cables, Pipes

• Select two components

– Add connection
– Route connection through vessel
– Pipe added to diagram

• Continue to build up full model

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 System Definition

• Must connect various blocks

– Cables, Pipes

• Select two components

– Add connection
– Route connection through vessel
– Pipe added to diagram

• Continue to build up full model

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 System Definition

• Must connect various blocks

– Cables, Pipes

• Select two components

– Add connection
– Route connection through vessel
– Pipe added to diagram

• Continue to build up full model

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 System Definition

• Must connect various blocks

– Cables, Pipes

• Select two components

– Add connection
– Route connection through vessel
– Pipe added to diagram

• Continue to build up full model

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Final Diagram

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 Functionality

• Defined connections / interdependency

• Require to define functionality

– Essential functions
• Define the functionality of a sub-system
– “Transfer of fuel”
– Functions
• Define a part functionality
– “Transfer fuel from tank 1”

• Essential System availability

– Rely on all essential functions
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 Defining a function

• Functions rely on components

– May be 1000’s of components in one system
– Becomes difficult to define

• Break system in to blocks

– Failure in block, all components fail

• Define function as AND/OR of blocks

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Break Up of Fuel Oil Transfer

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 Creating Function

• Simply select blocks

• Define AND / OR relations
• Can be nested
• Can contain functions

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 Assessment of Systems

• Defined
– damage scenarios
– system connections / dependencies
– functionality

• Create BDD of system

– Express connections and functions as Booleans
– Apply damages (damage components in spaces)
– Output results

• Analyse results
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Result Viewing

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Result Viewing

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Result Viewing

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Result Viewing

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Result Viewing

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Essential System Failure

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 Reporting

• Require proof of assessment SUMMARY RESULTS

– Overall Assessment Status of each essential system

Flooding Fire Loss of

– Detailed Analysis damages damages single MVZ
due to Fire
Number of critical failures
Number and list of critical damages
Result (Critical/non-critical)
• Automatic report generation
– Overview
– Component and function DETAILED RESULTS

breakdown Status of all components per essential system

Volume I Volume II Volume III

(flooding) (fire) (fire MVZ)

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 Reporting - Summary

ID System Critical damages Result

1 Propulsion and necessary auxiliary systems 4 Critical

2 Steering systems and steering-control systems 4 Critical

3 Navigation systems 0 Ok
4 Systems for fill, transfer and service of fuel oil 0 Ok

5 Internal communications 0 Ok
6 External communications 0 Ok
7 Fire main system 0 Ok
8 Fixed fire-extinguishing systems (gaseous and water) 5 Critical

9 Fire and smoke detection 0 Ok

10 Bilge and ballast systems 6 Critical

11 Power-operated watertight and semi-watertight doors 2 Critical

12 Systems intended to support “safe areas” 0 Ok

13 Flooding detection systems 2 Critical

14 Other systems vital to damage control efforts 0 Ok

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 Reporting - Detailed

• Notation
– X Failure
– O Passes

• Useful for FMEA

• Use in
conjunction with
viewer

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 Future Work

• Restoring paths
– BDDs allow restoring solution to be found
– Onboard applications

• Systems / space optimisation for SRtP

– Placement of components
– Pipe / cable routing
– Space size / location

• Cost / Weight / CG
– Estimation
– Optimisation

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 Conclusions

• Outlined process to assess SRtP requirements

• Design tool incorporates all aspects in to one

– Ship Model
– System Model
– Assessment
– Reporting

• Allows component / pipe and cable placement to be considered at design

stage

• Results can be used in FMEA study (typical verification process)

• Potential onboard applications for decision support

• Potential to be expanded to include more aspects of system design

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Thank you

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