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Extensive Amalgam Tattoo (Amalgam Pigmentation) On The Palatal Mucosa: A Case Report
Extensive Amalgam Tattoo (Amalgam Pigmentation) On The Palatal Mucosa: A Case Report
Case Report
Introduction
Oral pigmentations may be classified into two major groups on
the basis of their clinical appearance: focal and diffuse pigmentations.
All pigmented oral cavity lesions should be viewed with suspicion to
eliminate a malignant melanoma. This article deals with an extensive
amalgam tattoo lesion on palatal mucosa which required a biopsy for
a definitive diagnosis.
Case Presentation
A 56-year-old man with an unremarkable medical history was
referred to the department of maxillofacial surgery on suspicion
of mucosal melanoma. Clinical examination found a large brown
flat macula located on the right hard palate adjacent to a restored
tooth 16 with presence of amalgam fillings (Figure 1). There was no
lymphadenopathy. Panoramic X-ray did not show any abnormalities.
Figure 1: 56-year old man with large mucosal pigmentation, extending from
A biopsy was performed under local anesthesia. Histology showed the right maxillary canine to the tuberosity.
brownish-black pigment along the collagenous fibres and in the
vascular sheaths. No melanocytes or naevus cells were found (Figure often located away from any restorations, in the present case, a biopsy
2). The findings suggested the diagnosis of amalgam tattoo. The was performed due to the large extension of the lesion. Microscopic
patient didn’t need any further treatment. examination reveals an intact surface epithelium, fine golden-brown
Discussion granules disposed along connective tissue fibers and basement
membrane staining of collagen a golden-brown color (this may be
Amalgam tattoos are common exogenous pigmented lesions the only sign of an amalgam tattoo); dense fibrosis and scarring
of the oral mucosa occurring mainly by accidental displacement of are usually present; granulomatous reaction may be associated
metal particles in oral soft tissues during restorative dental procedures [4]. Diagnostic of amalgam tattoo can be difficult to discern from
using amalgam. The diagnosis is simple, clinically amalgam tattoo other pigmented elements of the oral mucosa including mucosal
presents as a slate-gray, bluish or black maculea, Lesions are usually melanoma, naevocellular nevus and blue nevus, Hemangioma, Post-
well circumscribed, uniformly pigmented, measuring from 0.1 to 2 inflammatory pigmentation, Smoker’s melanosis, drug induced
cm [1], they affect mainly the mandibular gingival mucosa, followed hyperpigmentation and oral pigmentation associated with systemic
by the buccal mucosa, floor of mouth, tongue, retromolar mandibular diseases (like Addison’s disease, Albright’s syndrome, Acromegaly,
area, lips, and palate [2]. Periapical X-rays may be useful to detect the and Nelson’s syndrome) [5]. The removal of amalgam tattoo is
radio-opacity related to amalgam. However, less than 25% of amalgam not necessary, except for cosmetic reasons. If the pigmentation is
pigmentations are radio-opaque since their metallic particles are very cosmetically unacceptable, surgical excision and transplantation of
small or are too dispersed to be visible in a radiographic study [2,3]. oral mucosal tissue has been suggested. Q-switched ruby laser and
Amalgam tattoo may be a cause for biopsy when confused with Q-switched alexandrite laser have been used with favorable outcome
melanosis (especially when there is no radiopacity) or when they are [4]. In the present case, there was no need to remove the pigmentation,
J Dent & Oral Disord - Volume 4 Issue 3 - 2018 Citation: Fiqhi MK, Essaoudi MA, Khalfi L and Khatib KE. Extensive Amalgam Tattoo (Amalgam Pigmentation)
ISSN: 2572-7710 | www.austinpublishinggroup.com on the Palatal Mucosa: A Case Report. J Dent & Oral Disord. 2018; 4(3): 1095.
Fiqhi et al. © All rights are reserved
Fiqhi MK Austin Publishing Group
References
1. Meleti M, Vescovi P, Mooi WJ, Van der Waal L. Pigmented lesions of the
oral mucosa and perioral tissues: a flow-chart for the diagnosis and some
recommendations for the management. Oral Surg Oral Med Pathol oral
Radiol Endod. 2008;105: 606-616.
J Dent & Oral Disord - Volume 4 Issue 3 - 2018 Citation: Fiqhi MK, Essaoudi MA, Khalfi L and Khatib KE. Extensive Amalgam Tattoo (Amalgam Pigmentation)
ISSN: 2572-7710 | www.austinpublishinggroup.com on the Palatal Mucosa: A Case Report. J Dent & Oral Disord. 2018; 4(3): 1095.
Fiqhi et al. © All rights are reserved
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