First are the risk factors that contributes to the development of uterine cancer.

Main factor or the major

contributor of endometrial cancer is what we call unopposed estrogen. These unopposed estrogen
stimulator happens due to following factors like PCOS(cause low progesterone production, irregular
periods, obesity, menopausal (estrogen therapy). Estrogen induce the proliferation of endometrial lining
as discussed earlier, and during normal process when endometrial lining thickens because of estrogen,
when no fertilization happens, progesterone will rise and cause sloughing off the endometrial lining. But
due to these factors like PCOS, irregular periods, obesity, menopause women who take estrogen
replacement, the estrogen increases than usual or the progesterone cannot oppose it like when you
have pcos there is low progesterone production. So as estrogen is not opposed, the endometrial lining
will thicken but it will not shed dahil nga walang progesterone or kulan gung progesterone para I
command ung uterus na magshed the endometrium will now become hyperplastic.

So yan ung tinatawag na endometrial hyperplasia, but mostly, these hyperplasia is just benign if
some dysplastic cells or even neoplastic cells grow, its not a problem because the immune system can
eliminate these cells.

The next phase is promotion phase. This is where the development of cancer depends whether
it fasten up or slow down. These promotion phase includes factors that can cause increase proliferation
of the cancer cells. Endometrial hyperplasia is often neglected or unnoticed by various women. Because
there is no exact diagnosis for uterine cancer unlike the pap smear in cervix. So unless they decided to
undergo biopsy to check for cancer cells then they wont noticed that changes in the uterus. So the said
factors can promote the proliferation of cancer cells. As I said earlier that when there are cancer cells or
abnormal cells the immune system will attacked them. But as because of the clients lifestyle the
abnormal cells can undergo mutation and become cancer cells. And cancer cells are often become
undetected by immune cells due to the cancer cells block the protein (that is a pattern in the dna where
immune cells detect it when there is abnormality so they can kill it). So as they block the protein they
can become undetected and they will start to proliferate. And that’s where you develop cancer in the
uterus.

Lastly is the progression phase. These is where we can see the stages of cancer. How invasive
they are? Do they metastasize on other organs already?

SO the stages are from 1-4 according to the American cancer society.

Malnourishment or dehydration

Cancer can interfere with the function of your all-important digestive system, which comprises organs
like your stomach, pancreas, and intestines. Tumors can clog up this system, creating obstacles that
don’t allow food or food waste to get through, the NCI explains. That, in turn, can cause issues such as
frequent nausea and vomiting. But cancer-related digestive issues are most likely to become life-
threatening due to malnourishment or dehydration.

Whether cancer originates in the lungs or affects these organs after becoming metastatic, this disease
can kill off healthy lung tissue or block portions of it, making it far too hard to breathe, the NCI says.
Someone with advanced cancer may receive oxygen in a facility like a hospital. But that doesn’t
necessarily fix the problem if their lungs can’t properly inhale, exhale, or transport oxygen and carbon
dioxide through their respiratory system. So, over time, a person with advanced cancer can have too
much difficulty maintaining the oxygen levels that their body needs to survive, and their organs can
begin to fail as a result, Dr. Subbiah says.

Cancer can also create infections that cause the lungs to fill with fluid, which can then prevent a person
from getting in enough oxygen over time, Dr. Subbiah says.

TREATMENT

STAGE 1

FERTILITY SPARRING TREATMENT-

Advanced genomic testing: The most common lab test for uterine cancer is the genomic tumor
assessment, a test that examines a tumor to look for DNA alterations that are driving the growth of
cancer. By identifying the mutations that occur in a cancer cell's genome, we can better understand the
tumor behavior, and we may be able to tailor your treatment based on these findings.

CA-125 test: CA-125 is a protein in the blood. High amounts of CA-125 may indicate uterine, ovarian,
fallopian tube or peritoneal cancer, as well as less serious conditions, such as endometriosis or
inflammation in the abdomen. We often use this test in combination with other diagnostic methods. A
CA-125 test is also often used during cancer treatment. High levels of CA-125 that begin to decline may
indicate the treatment is having a positive effect. If the level instead continues to rise, your doctor may
consider changing your treatment regimen.

Some of the major functions of the Greater Omentum are to deposit fats, limit infections, delivery of
WBC to fight infections in certain regions, contributes to the immune system and it is also used as a
grafting material. The greater omentum has many functions.

Pelvic washings (peritoneal lavage) In this procedure, the surgeon “washes” the abdominal and pelvic
cavities with salt water (saline). The fluid is then collected (using suction) and sent to the lab to see if it
contains cancer cells. This is also called peritoneal lavage.

What are the types of immunotherapy?

Several types of immunotherapy are used to treat cancer. These include:

 Immune checkpoint inhibitors, which are drugs that block immune checkpoints.
These checkpoints are a normal part of the immune system and keep immune
responses from being too strong. By blocking them, these drugs allow immune cells
to respond more strongly to cancer.
 Learn more about immune checkpoint inhibitors.
 T-cell transfer therapy, which is a treatment that boosts the natural ability of your T
cells to fight cancer. In this treatment, immune cells are taken from your tumor.
Those that are most active against your cancer are selected or changed in the lab to
better attack your cancer cells, grown in large batches, and put back into your body
through a needle in a vein.

T-cell transfer therapy may also be called adoptive cell therapy, adoptive
immunotherapy, or immune cell therapy.

Learn more about T-cell transfer therapy.

 Monoclonal antibodies, which are immune system proteins created in the lab that
are designed to bind to specific targets on cancer cells. Some monoclonal antibodies
mark cancer cells so that they will be better seen and destroyed by the immune
system. Such monoclonal antibodies are a type of immunotherapy.

Monoclonal antibodies may also be called therapeutic antibodies.

Learn more about monoclonal antibodies.

 Treatment vaccines, which work against cancer by boosting your immune system’s
response to cancer cells. Treatment vaccines are different from the ones that help
prevent disease.
Learn more about cancer treatment vaccines.
 Immune system modulators, which enhance the body’s immune response against
cancer. Some of these agents affect specific parts of the immune system, whereas
others affect the immune system in a more general way.