National Service Training Program

CHAPTER 1: COURSE ORIENTATION

National Service Training Program (NSTP)
 A mandated program in the curricula of all baccalaureate programs and in at
least two (2) years of technical-vocational or associate courses in all state
universities and colleges.
NSTP Act of 2001 or Republic Act 9163
 Was conceptualized by the former CHED Secretary Ester A. Garcia
 Has been signed into law by Her Excellency, President Gloria Macapagal-
Arroyo
 The Commission on Higher Education (CHED), Technical Education and
Skills Development Authority (TESDA), and Department of National
Defense (DND), in consultation with concerned government agencies, the
Philippine Association of State Universities and Colleges (PASUC),
Coordinating Council of Private Educational Associations of the Philippines
(COCOPEA), Non-Government Organizations (NGOs) and recognized
student organizations, hereby jointly issue, adopt and promulgate the
following implementing rules and regulations to implement the provisions of
the Act.
NSTP Law
 It is geared toward enhancing civic consciousness and defense preparedness
in the youth by developing in them the ethics of service and patriotism.
Program Component
 Refers to the service components of NSTP; ROTC, LTS, CWTS
Reserve Officers’ Training Corps (ROTC)
 Which is designed to provide military training to tertiary-level students to
motivate, train, organize, and mobilize them for national defense
preparedness.
Literacy Training Service (LTS)
 Which serves to train students to teach literacy and numeracy skills to school
children, out-of-school youths, and any other segments of society in need of
this service.
Civic Welfare Training Service (CWTS)
 Which designs activities that will contribute to the general welfare and
betterment of life for the community, as well as enhance its facilities and
improve the health condition of its members.
Clustering
 Grouping of students enrolled to different schools into taking up the same
NSTP component into one (1) group under the management and supervision
of a designated school
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Cross-Enrollment
 Refers to a system of enrollment where a student is officially enrolled in an
academic program of an origin school but is allowed to enroll in the NSTP
component of another accepting school
Non-Government Organization (NGO)
 Refers to any private organization duly accredited by CHED or recognized by
TESDA
Student Cadet
 Refers to a student enrolled in the ROTC component.
Republic Act No. 7077
 This act known as the “Citizen Armed Forces of the Philippines Reservists
Act”
 Aims to organize, train, develop and maintain a support unit to the Armed
Forces of the Philippines to help protect our country and citizens in the event
of war, invasion or rebellion; assist in relief and rescue during disaster or
calamities; in socioeconomic development; and in the operation and
maintenance of essential government or private utilities in the furtherance of
overall mission
Philippines Preamble
 Serves as an introduction to our 1987 Philippine Constitution. It is stated that
we, the Filipino people, must live morally upright and value our existence as
one family under God in order to develop and uphold a just and humane
society. Each of us must envision and mutually exert efforts to preserve a
peaceful, independent, and democratic nation toward continuing growth
economically, politically, culturally, and spiritually.
 “We, the sovereign Filipino people, imploring the aid of Almighty God, in order to
build a just and humane society, and establish a Government that shall embody our
ideals and aspirations, promote the common good, conserve and develop our
patrimony, and secure to ourselves and our posterity, the blessings of independence
and democracy under the rule of law and a regime of truth, justice, freedom, love,
equality, and peace, do ordain and promulgate this Constitution.”
Section 40 of Republic Act 8491
 Known as the “Flag Heraldic Code of the Philippines.
 National Motto: “Maka-Diyos, Maka-Tao, Makakalikasan at Makabansa.”

END OF CHAPTER 1
 National Service Training Program

CHAPTER 2: CITIZENSHIP AND GOOD GOVERNANCE

Good governance
 An indeterminate term used in the international development literature to
describe how public institutions conduct public affairs and manage public
resources.
Governance
 The process of decision-making and the process by which decisions are
implemented (or not implemented).
 The term governance can apply to corporate, international, national, local
governance or to interactions between other sectors of society.
Fukuyama
 There are two dimensions to qualify governance as good or bad: the capacity
of the state and the bureaucracy ́s autonomy.
Rothstein ́s book The quality of government: Corruption, social trust, and
inequality in international perspective
 Mentions that the author relates good governance to the concept of
impartiality, which is basically when the bureaucrats perform their tasks
following the public interest rather than their own self-interest.
Good Governance in Local Government
 Good Governance is argued to be most important in local governments. It
tries to promote more relationships between government and (1) Empowered
citizens, (2) Neighborhood councils, and (3) Community councils.
Bill of rights
 May be defined as a declaration and enumeration of a person’s rights and
privileges that the Constitution is designed to protect against violation by the
government or by an individual or groups of individuals.
Natural rights
 They are the rights possessed by every citizen without being granted by the
State, for they are given to man by God as a human being created in His
image so that he may live a happy life.
 Examples: the right to life, the right to liberty, the right to property, and the
right to love
Constitutional rights
 They are the rights that are conferred and protected by the Constitution. Since
they are part of the fundamental law, they cannot be modified or taken away
by any law-making body.
Statutory rights
 They are the rights that provided by laws promulgated by a law-making
body; consequently, they may be abolished by the same body.
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 Examples: the right to receive a minimum wage and the right to adopt a child
by an unrelated person
Political rights
 They are such rights of the citizens that give them the power to participate,
directly or indirectly, in the establishment or administration of the
government.
 Examples: the right of suffrage and the right to information on matters of
public concern
Civil rights
 They are the rights that the law will enforce at the instance of private
individuals for the purpose of securing for them the enjoyment of their means
of happiness.
 Examples: the rights to due process and equal protection of the law; the rights
against involuntary servitude and imprisonment for nonpayment of debts or
a poll tax; the constitutional rights of the accused; the social and economic
rights, religious freedom, liberty of abode and of changing the name, and the
right against impairment of obligation of a contract; freedom of speech, of
expression, or of the press; the right of assembly and petition; and the right to
form association
Social and economic rights
 They refer to the rights that are intended to insure the well-being and
economic security of the individual.
 Examples: just compensation for private property taken for public use;
promotion of social justice; the conservation and utilization of natural
resources; the promotion of education, science and technology, and the arts
and culture
Rights of the accused
 They are the (civil) rights intended for the protection of a person accused of
any crime. Examples: the right against unreasonable search and seizure; the
right to presumption of innocence; the right to a speedy, impartial, and public
trial; the right against cruel, degrading, or inhuman punishment
Due process of law
 Any deprivation of life, liberty, or property by the State is with due process if
it is done (a) under the authority of a law that is valid or of the Constitution
itself, and (b) after compliance with fair reasonable methods of procedure
prescribed by law.
Procedural due process
 Which refers to the method or manner by which the law is enforced. It
requires, to paraphrase Daniel Webster’s famous definition...... a procedure
“which hears before it condemns, which proceeds upon inquiry, and renders
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judgment only after trials.” An indispensable requisite of this aspect of due

process is the requirement of notice and hearing.
In judicial proceedings
 For the most part, procedural due process has its application in judicial
proceedings, civil or criminal.
 It requires:
a. An impartial court clothed by law with authority to hear and determine
the matter before it
b. Jurisdiction lawfully acquired over the person of the defendant or
property, which is the subject matter of the proceedings
c. Opportunity to be heard given the defendant; and
d. Judgment to be rendered after lawful hearing
In administrative proceedings
 Due process, however, is not always a judicial process. In certain proceedings
of an administrative character, notice and hearing may be dispensed with,
where because of public need or for practical reasons, the same is not feasible.
Thus, the offender may be arrested pending the filing of charges, or an officer
or employee may be suspended pending an investigation for violation of civil
service rules and regulations
Substantive due process
 Which requires that the law itself, not merely the procedures by which the
law would be enforced, is fair, reasonable, and just. In other words, no person
shall be deprived of his life, liberty, or property, for arbitrary reasons or on
flimsy grounds

ARTICLE III BILL OF RIGHTS

Section 1 Right to life, liberty, or property
Right of the people to be secure in their
Section 2 persons, houses, papers, and effects
against unreasonable searches and
seizures
Section 3 Privacy of communication
Section 4 Freedom of speech, of expression, or of
the press, or the right of the people
peaceably to assemble and petition
Section 5 The free exercise and enjoyment of
religious profession and worship
Section 6 Right to travel
Section 7 Right of the people to information
Section 8 Right of the people, to form unions,
associations, or societies for purposes
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Section 9 Private property shall not be taken for

public use
Section 10 No law impairing the obligation of
contracts shall be passed.
Section 11 Free access to the courts
Any person under investigation for the
commission of an offense shall have the
Section 12 right to be informed of his right to remain
silent and to have competent and
independent counsel preferably of his
own choice.
Section 13 Right to bail
Section 14 The accused shall be presumed innocent
until the contrary is proved.
Section 15 The privilege of the writ of habeas corpus
shall not be suspended
Section 16 The right to a speedy disposition of their
cases
Section 17 No person shall be compelled to be a
witness against himself
Section 18 No person shall be detained solely by
reason of his political beliefs and
aspirations.
Section 19 Neither shall death penalty be imposed,
unless, for compelling reasons involving
heinous crimes
Section 20 No person shall be imprisoned for debt or
nonpayment of a poll tax
Section 21 No person shall be twice put in jeopardy
of punishment for the same offense
Section 22 No ex post facto law or bill of attainder
shall be enacted.

Republic Act 8491

 Refers to “An act prescribing the code of the national Flag, Anthem, Motto,
Coat-of-Arms and any other heraldic items and devices of the Philippines.”
 It was enacted by the Tenth Congress of the Philippines on its third regular
session. This act is to be known as the “Flag and Heraldic Code of the
Philippines.”
 The act declares that “reverence and respect shall at all times be accorded to
the flag, the anthem, and all other national symbols which embody the
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national ideals and traditions and which express the principles of sovereignty
and national solidarity.
Military
 Shall mean all branches of the Armed Forces of the Philippines, including the
Philippine National Police, the Bureau of Jail Management and Penology, and
the Bureau of Fire Protection.
Festoon
 Shall mean to hang in a curved shape between two points as a decoration. “
Flag
 Shall mean the Philippine National Flag, unless stated otherwise
Fly
 Shall mean the part of the flag outside the hoist or length
Symbol
 Shall mean any conventional sign that reveals man’s achievement and
heroism (for orders and decorations), identification, authority, and a sign of
dignity (for coat-of-arms, logo and insignia)
Half-Mast
 Shall mean lowering the flag to one-half the distance between the top and
bottom of the staff
 Upon the official announcement of the death of the President or a former
President, the flag should be flown at half-mast for ten days.
 It is most frequently flown at half-staff when a national figure dies, but it can
also be lowered as a sign of sympathy or support for foreign nations going
through periods of mourning.
Hoist
 Shall mean the part of the flag nearest the staff or the canvass to which the
halyard is attached
Inclement Weather
 Shall mean that a typhoon signal is raised in the locality
National Anthem
 Shall mean the Philippine National Anthem
 Musical arrangement and composition of Julian Felipe
Official Residences
 Shall mean Malacañang, and any other government-owned structures where
the President resides, and any other structures occupied by the Philippine
Consulate or Embassies abroad
Places of Frivolty
 Shall mean places of hilarity marked by or providing boisterous merriment or
recreation
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Institute
 Shall mean the National Historical Institute
Philippine Flag
 The flag of the Philippines shall be blue, white, and red with an eight-rayed
golden-yellow sun and three five-pointed stars, as consecrated and honored
by the people.
 The flag shall be permanently hoisted, day and night throughout the year, in
front of the following:
a. Malacanang Palace
b. The Congress of the Philippines building
c. Supreme Court building
d. The Rizal Monument in Luneta, Manila
e. Aguinaldo Shrine in Kawit, Cavite
f. Barasoain Shrine in Malolos, Bulacan
g. the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier, Libingan ng mga Bayani
h. Mausoleo de los Veteranos dela Revolucion
i. All International Ports of Entry
 The flag shall also be displayed in private buildings and residences or raised
in the open on flagstaffs in front of said buildings every:
a. April 9 (Araw ng Kagitingan)
b. May 1 (Labor Day)
c. May 28 (National Flag Day) to June 12 (Independence Day)
d. Last Sunday of August (National Heroes Day)
e. November 30 (Bonifacio Day)
f. December 30 (Rizal Day)
g. Other days as may be declared by the President and/or local chief
executives.
 The flag, if flown from a flagpole, shall have its blue field on top in time of
peace and the red field on top in time of war; if in a hanging position, the blue
field shall be to the right (left of the observer) in time of peace, and the red
field to the right (left of the observer) in time of war.
Pledge of allegiance to the Philippine flag
 Shall be recited while standing with the right hand palm open raised
shoulder high
 Ako ay FilipinoBuong katapatang nanunumpa
Sa watawat ng Pilipinas
At sa bansang kanyang sinasagisag
Na may dangal, katarungan at kalayaan
Na pinakikilos ng sambayanang
Maka-Diyos
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Maka-tao
Makakalikasan at
Makabansa
National Coat-of-Arms
 Paleways of two (2) pieces, azure and gules; a chief argent studded with three
(3) mullets equidistant from each other; and, in point of honor, ovoid argent
over all the sun rayonnant with eight minor lesser rays. Beneath shall be the
scroll with the words “REPUBLIKA NG PILIPINAS,” inscribed thereon.
Great Seal
 The Great Seal shall be circular in form, with the arms as described in the
preceding section, but without the scroll and the inscription thereon.
 Surrounding the whole shall be a double marginal circle within which shall
appear the words “Republika ng Pilipinas.”
 For the purpose of placing The Great Seal, the color of the arms shall not be
deemed essential but tincture representation must be used. The Great Seal
shall bear the National Motto.
 Custodian is the Secretary
Electoral systems
 Refer to the detailed constitutional arrangements and voting systems that
convert the vote into a determination of which individuals and political
parties are elected to positions of power.
Colonial Government
 In colonizing the Philippines, Spain effectively formalized and modernized
government rule.
 To be able to administer the colony effectively, the colonial government
created pockets of local authority across the country.
American Colonial Rule
 American colonial rule set the foundation for elections in the Philippines.
 Government institutions and the electoral system were patterned after the
American system.
 Filipinos could run for public office in a limited capacity.
Commonwealth
 A more accommodating electoral system was introduced.
 Over time, Philippine elections were dominated by a single party.
 The COMELEC was created to oversee the conduct of elections.
 In 1972, President Marcos declared Martial Law. The period was marked by
the suspension of certain basic rights and the detention of prominent political
personalities, including Senator Benigno S. Aquino.
 Martial Law was imposed in response to a growing communist insurgency
and a rising Muslim militancy in Mindanao.
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The 1973 Constitution

 Consolidation of power under Martial Rule
 Less electoral safeguards.
a. Weakening of the powers of the COMELEC
b. Lack of checks and balances within the electoral system
The Philippine Political Parties
 The Philippines has multiparty system
 A multiparty system includes representatives from more than one social,
cultural, or economic group, especially members of ethnic or religious
minority groups
The 1986 People Power Revolution
 In 1986, the Philippines launched the so-called people-power movement,
inspiring some other countries in a nonviolent revolution.
 It was during that year (1986) when President Marcos was forced to call an
election that resulted in his eventual overthrow.
 President Corazon Aquino was victorious but was never confirmed
electorally. Instead, massive public support and the loss of military
leadership placed her into the Presidency.
Suffrage
 It is the right to cast a vote in public elections, and it also includes the right to
be voted in public office.
Plebiscite
 Refers to the process by which a certain question is put to a popular vote for
approval or rejection.
Elections
 Refers to the expression of choice.
Initiatives
 Involve a process by which the electorate directly proposes or passes needed
laws or programs without going through the hassles of the legislative
department.
Referendum
 Refers to when a question or law or part of it is submitted to the electoral
body for its approval or rejection
Recall
 It is the process of removing an incumbent officer from his/her position
before the expiration of his/her term of office by a vote of the people.
Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR)
 Article 21 (1-3), December 10, 1948
 Everyone has the right to take part in the government of his country, directly
or through freely chosen representatives.
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 Everyone has the right to equal access to public service in his country.
 The will of the people shall be the basis of the authority of government
The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
 Article 1 (a-c), March, 1976
 Every citizen shall have the right and the opportunity without unreasonable
restrictions:
1. To take part in the conduct of public affairs, directly or through freely
chosen representatives
2. To vote and to be elected at genuine periodic elections; and
3. To have access, on general term of equality, to public service
The 1987 Philippine Constitution
 Article V, Sections 1 and 2 of the 1987 Philippine Constitution
 Every citizen shall have the right and the opportunity without unreasonable
restrictions:
1. Suffrage may be exercised by all citizens of the Philippines not otherwise
disqualified by law.
2. The Congress shall provide a system for securing the secrecy and sanctity
of ballot as well as a system for absentee voting by qualified Filipinos
abroad. The Congress shall also design a procedure for the disabled and
the illiterates to vote without the assistance of other persons.
General Election
 Elections are held simultaneously on the same day for all national and local
offices.
National Elections
 Elections for national officials, like the President, Vice President, and
members of Congress.
Local Elections
 Elections for the offices in the provinces, cities, and municipalities.
Special Elections
 Special elections are determined by the Congress in the date different from
that of the regular elections, like the barangay elections and the SK elections,
and when there exists a vacancy in an elective office.
Prescribed Qualifications To Exercise Suffrage
 A citizen of the Republic of the Philippines; citizen refers to both natural and
naturalized Filipino
 At least 18 years of age on the day of election
 A resident of the Republic of the Philippines for at least a year, and in the
place they are prescribed to vote for at least six (6) months immediately
preceding the election
 A registered voter as prescribed by law
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Election Process
 Registration
a. Registration Day
b. Revision Day (Revision of List of Voters)
c. List of Voters

 Election Day
a. Casting of Votes
b. Counting of Votes
c. Preparation of Election Returns and any Other Reports
d. Distribution of Election Returns
 Canvassing and Proclamation
a. Board of Canvassers (For President and Vice President)
b. Proclamation of Winning Candidates
c. . Board of Canvassers (for Senators)
d. Proclamation of Winning Candidates
e. Board of Canvassers (Provincial/City/District/Municipality)
f. Proclamation of Winning Candidates
Registration
 Refers to the act of accomplishing and filing of a sworn application for
registration by a qualified voter
Why should we register?
 To have the opportunity to choose our leaders
What’s in it for us?
 Just like in text voting, we get heard and counted.
What are the requirements for registration?
 One must be a Filipino citizen
 At least eighteen (18) years old
 A resident of the Philippines for one year and of the city or municipality
wherein he proposes to vote for at least six months immediately preceding
the election
 Not otherwise disqualified by law.
What is validation of registration?
 This is a process wherein fingerprints of the voter are captured electronically
at no expense to the voter.
Where should we register?
 COMELEC Office
Where should we validate our registration?
 Barangay office
How do we go about transferring our registration?
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 We may apply with the Election officer of new residence for the transfer of
our registration records. We will be asked to accomplish application forms.
COMELEC
 Commission on Elections ()
Chairman
 for a term of seven (7) years without reappointment
Commissioners
 Those first appointed, three (3) members shall hold office for seven (7) years,
two (2) members for five (5) years, and the last for three (3) years without
reappointment.
Judicial
 To exercise exclusive jurisdictions over all contests relating to the elections,
returns, and qualifications of all elective regional, provincial, and city officials
and appellate jurisdiction over all contests involving all municipal officials
decided by trial courts of general jurisdiction
 To decide, except those involving the right to vote, all questions affecting
elections, including determination of the number and location of polling
places, appointment of election officials and inspectors, and registration of
voters
 To file petitions in court for inclusion or exclusion of voters
 To investigate and, where appropriate, prosecute cases of violations of
election laws, including acts or omissions constituting election fraud,
offenses, and malpractices.
Ministerial
 To enforce and administer all laws and regulations relative to the conduct of
elections, plebiscites, initiatives, referendums, and recalls.
 To deputize, with the concurrence of the President of the Philippines, law
enforcement agencies and instrumentalities of the Government, including the
Armed Forces of the Philippines, for the exclusive purpose of ensuring free,
orderly, honest, peaceful, and credible elections
 To register political parties, organizations, or coalitions and accredit citizens’
arms of the Commission.
Reportorial
 To submit to the President and the Congress a comprehensive report on the
conduct of each election, plebiscite, initiative, referendum, or recall.
Recommendatory
 To recommend to Congress the enactment of effective measures to minimize
election spending, including limitation of places where propaganda materials
shall be posted, and to prevent and penalize all forms of election frauds,
offenses, malpractices, and nuisance candidates
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 To recommend to the President the removal of any officer or employee it has

deputized, or the impositions of any other disciplinary action, for violation or
disregard of, or disobedience to its directive, order, or decision.
Election in the Philippines
 The Philippines is a republican and democratic state. Sovereignty resides in
the people and all government authority emanates from them.
 We elect our officials directly.
 Officials serve for fixed terms.
 Officials are directly accountable to the people.
Executive (Action-Oriented)
 Implements programs and projects
 Monitors programs and projects
 Provides basic services
 Performs ceremonial functions
National
 President
 Vice President
Local
 Governor
 Mayor
 Barangay Captain
Legislative (Analyst)
 Reviews and evaluates proposals, and position papers
 Conducts research on proposed bills and position papers
 Consults experts
 Defends and analyzes proposed bills
Legislative Position
 National: Senator
 Local: Congressman, Board Member, Vice Governor, Vice Mayor,
City/Municipal Councilors, Barangay Councilors
Qualifications of Elective Officials: President
 A natural-born citizen of the Philippines
 A registered voter
 Able to read and write
 At least 4o years old on the date of the election
 A resident of the Philippines for at least ten (10) years immediately preceding
the election.
Qualifications of Elective Officials: Vice President
 A natural-born citizen of the Philippines
 At least 35 years of age on the date of election
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 Able to read and write

 A registered voter
 A resident of the Philippines for not less than 2 years immediately preceding
the election
Qualifications of Elective Officials: Member of the House Of Representatives
 A natural-born citizen of the Philippines
 At least 25 years old on the day of election
 Able to read and write
 A registered voter in the district in which he shall be elected, except party list
representatives
 A resident of the district for a period of no less than one (1) year preceding
the date of the election.
Qualifications of Elective Officials: Party List Nominee
 A natural-born citizen of the Philippines
 A registered voter
 A resident of the Philippines for not less than one (1) year immediately
preceding the election
 Able to read and write
 At least 25 years old on the day of election
 A bonafide member of the party he seeks to represent for at least ninety (90)
days preceding the election day
 A nominee shall come from the disadvantaged group of citizens, which are
organized and duly registered to the COMELEC.
Responsibilities of a President
 To faithfully and conscientiously fulfill his/her duties as president
 To preserve and defend the Constitution
 To execute its laws
 To do justice to every man
Responsibilities of a Congress
 To make laws and pass resolutions
 To declare the existence of a state of war by 2/3 votes of both Houses, voting
independently
 To grant the President emergency powers in times of war and national
distress
 To hear and decide cases of impeachment against high officials
 To exercise the power to amend or revise the Constitution
 The power to tax and levy impositions
 To cancel or extend martial law
 To investigate in aid of legislation
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 To approve the annual budget of the government as prepared by the

Executive

PRESIDENT VICE-PRESIDENT SENATE CONGRESSMAN

Composition 1 1 24 304
Minimum Not less than Not less than Not less than
10 years
Residency 2 years 1 year 1 year
Minimum Age 40 years old 40 years old 35 years old 25 years old
Maximum 2 consecutive
1 2 3 terms
term years
Term (years) 6 years 6 years 6 years 3 years

Dynasty
 It is a line of hereditary rulers of a country, e.g. Tang dynasty; it is a
succession of people from the same family who plays a prominent role in
politics, business, and so on
Voters’ Behavior
 The top four (4) factors that determine the vote of the Filipino electorate
(based on a study made by the Institute for Political and Electoral Reform
(IPER) are:
1. Candidate’s public servant image
2. Political machinery
3. Candidate’s popularity
4. Endorsement of traditional networks and organizations, which include
the family, the church, the ward leaders, formal groups, and association.
What qualities should we look for?
 R - Righteous Governance
 I – Integrity
 G – Giftedness
 H – Heart
 T - Track Record
Values
 Come from the latin word “valere.” Value has been defined as any object,
activity, or frame of mind that a person considers to be very important to his
or her life.
Corporate Culture
 A system of values shared in any given place or organization
Human Dignity
 The system and overarching value that characterizes education
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Personalism
 A study of man as a person — unique, a who, a subject, and a self... never
alone in his existence.
Personhood (pagkatao)
 Individual unique personhood, inasmuch as the individual is the person, and
the person in the individual. Being with others is very important as the saying
“No man is an island” goes; no man lives alone. People need people
Physical
 Health—physical fitness, cleanliness, harmony with material universe, art
and beauty
Intellectual
 Truth—knowledge, creative and critical thinking
Moral
 Love—integrity, honesty, self-worth, self-esteem, personal discipline)
Spiritual
 Spirituality—faith in God
Social, Family, Society
 Social responsibility—mutual love, respect, fidelity, responsible parenthood,
concern for others/common good, freedom/equality, social justice/respect;
human rights- peace/active nonviolence, popular participation
Economic
 Economic efficiency—thriftiness, conservation of resources, work ethics, self-
reliance, productivity, scientific and technological knowledge
Political
 Nationalism—common identity, national unity, esteem, commitment, civic
consciousness/pride, bayanihan/solidarity, loyalty to country
Maka – Diyos (Pagkamaka-Diyos)
 In whatever religion you belong or in whatever way you call your God
(Yahweh, Jehovah, Christ, Allah, and the like), what is important is your faith
in the Almighty God and follow all his commandments to the fullest of your
ability, like our Filipino saints San Lorenzo Ruiz and Pedro Calungsod, who
offered their lives for the love of God
Maka – Tao (Pagkamaka-tao)
 Bob Ong says that love means so much to us, and simply, love is the answer
to our many questions during these trying times.
Maka – Bayan (Pagkamaka-bansa)
 Unity, Equality, Respect for law and government rule of law, Patriotism,
conserve and develop our patrimony, and Common good
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Maka – Kalikasan (Pagkamaka-kalikasan).

 Concern for the environment is to prepare our future generation to have clean
air to breathe, clean water to drink, clean river to swim, clean ocean to
experience adventures, and a healthy life that is worth living.

END OF CHAPTER 2

CLANED
I. True or False
TRUE 1. American colonial rule set the foundation for elections in the Philippines.

TRUE 2. Filipinos could run for public office in a limited capacity.

TRUE 3. The Philippines has a multiparty system.

FALSE 4. Referendum refers to the process by which a certain question is put to a

popular vote for approval or rejection.

FALSE 5. Local elections is an election for officials like the President, Vice President,
and members of Congress.

TRUE 6. The President may veto or disapprove bills enacted by Congress.

TRUE 7. The Philippines is a republican and democratic state.

FALSE 8. Senators shall serve for more than two consecutive terms.

TRUE 10. Snap elections may be called in case a vacancy arises in the Senate or House
of Representative.

FALSE 11. The Commission on Appointment has the power to the petitions for court
for inclusion or exclusion of voters.
II. Identification

Respect for Law 1. A law-abiding citizen regardless of who sits at the helm of the
government.

Freedom 2. “Consists not in doing what we like, but in having the right to do what we
ought”.

Value of Order 3. Doing the right thing at the right time and right place without any
hesitation.

Good Filipino Citizen 4. One who plays an active and intelligent role as a member of
the community.
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Values 5. Any object, activity, or frame of mind that a person considers to be very
important to his or her life.

Person 6. Can be exclusively attached to a human being.

Corporate Culture 7. A system of values shared throughout any given place or

organization.

Value of Concern for the Environment 8. Means launching an efficient and sustainable
“clean-and-green” program nationwide.

Personalism 9. A study of man as a person.

Human Dignity 10. The system and overarching value that characterizes education.

Life 11. The most precious gift that we have received from God.

Hard work 12. Makes a citizen a good, productive, and self-reliant member of the
society.

Values System 13. All ours values taken together.

Value of Truth 14. Living and loving passionately with honesty and sincerity.

Value of Justice 15. Promoting ethical practices that enhance the essence of social
justice.

CHAPTER 3: DRUG ADDICTION AND PREVENTION

Drug Addiction
 A condition characterized by an overwhelming desire to continue taking a
drug to which one has become habituated through repeated consumption
because it produces a particular effect, usually an alteration of mental status.
Signs and Symptoms of Drug Addiction
 Sudden change in behavior
 Mood swings: irritable and grumpy and then suddenly happy and bright
 Withdrawal from family members
 Careless about personal grooming
 Loss of interest in hobbies, sports, and any other favorite activities
 Changed sleeping pattern: up at night and sleeping during the day
 Red or glassy eyes
Methamphetamine
 Methamphetamine is a powerfully addictive stimulant that dramatically
affects the central nervous system.
 The drug is made easily in clandestine laboratories with relatively
inexpensive over-the-counter ingredients.
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 Can be smoked, snorted, orally ingested, or injected. The drug alters moods
in different ways, depending on how it is taken.
 Immediately after smoking the drug or injecting it intravenously, the user
experiences an intense rush or “flash” that lasts only a few minutes and is
described as extremely pleasurable.
Ecstacy
 Ecstasy, which is also known as MDMA, is a modification of methamphetamine
and has some similar effects to that drug. It is immediately a stimulant, but its
stimulating effects can increase to dangerous levels.
Cocaine
 Cocaine, also known as coke, is a strong stimulant mostly used as a recreational
drug. It is commonly snorted, inhaled as smoke, or as a solution injected into a
vein.
Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD)
 Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), also known as acid, is a psychedelic drug
known for its psychological effects, which may include altered awareness of
one’s surroundings, perceptions, and feelings, as well as sensations and images
that seem real though they are not
 LSD is sold in pills, capsules, or liquid form. The liquid is soaked into specially
prepared blotting paper that is often imprinted with cartoon characters and
perforated. Each tiny square is one dose of LSD. The blotting paper is held in the
user’s mouth until all the drug has been absorbed
Phencyclidine (PCP)
 Phencyclidine (PCP), also known as angel dust among any other names, is a
dissociative drug. PCP was brought to market in the 1950s as an anesthetic
pharmaceutical drug but was taken off the market in 1965 because of the high
prevalence of dissociative hallucinogenic side effects.
Heroin
 Heroin, also known as diamorphine among other names, is an opioid most
commonly used as a recreational drug for its euphoric effects.
 Heroin is an illegal and highly addictive drug. It is both the most abused and
the most rapidly acting of the opiates.
 Heroin is typically sold as a white or brownish powder or as the black sticky
substance known on the streets as “black tar heroin.”
Marijuana
 Cannabis, also known as marijuana among some other names, is a
psychoactive drug from the Cannabis plant intended for medical or
recreational use. The main psychoactive part of cannabis is
tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), one of 483 known compounds in the plant,
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including at least 65 other cannabinoids. Cannabis can be used by smoking,

vaporizing, within food, or as an extract
Depressants (Tranquilizers and Barbiturates)
 Depressants are drugs that lower neurotransmission levels to depress or
reduce arousal or stimulation in various areas of the brain. Depressants are
also occasionally referred to as “downers” as they lower the level of arousal
when taken
Republic Act No. 9165
 The Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002

END OF CHAPTER 3

CHAPTER 4: DISASTER MANAGEMENT

Natural Disasters
 Earthquakes/Tsunamis
 Landslides
 Typhoons
 Floods
 Drought
 Volcanic Eruptions
Human-made Disasters
 Air and Water Pollution (red tide)
 Industrial Accidents (oil spills)
 Civil Disturbances
 War
 Poverty
 Bomb Threats
 Accidents, like transport, nuclear, or biological
Categories of Severity
 Accident (individual)
 Emergency (limited)
 Disaster (widespread)
 Catastrophe (collapse)
Risk – the probability that a disaster will occur
Hazard – the specific nature of a threat
Vulnerability – the inability to withstand, protect oneself, or recover rapidly from a
potentially damaging event
Prevention – measures designed to avert a potential hazard
Preparedness -measures that ensure an effective disaster response
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Mitigation - measures that reduce the harmful effects of a disaster

Response - actions taken in the aftermath of a disaster to assist victims and to
rehabilitate society
Situations in the Philippines
Poverty and Marginalization
 Malnutrition
 Poor health
 Inadequate basic services: water, sanitation, drainage, light, education
 Unemployment, low wages
Resource Depletion
 Forest denudation
 Soil erosion
 Genetic erosion
 Marine pollution
 Agrochemicals
 Air and water pollution
Assessment/Reporting on Preparedness
 Knowledge of pre-disaster situations
 Capability to assess:
a. Medical/nutritional situation
b. Agricultural situation
c. Infrastructure situation
d. Structural stability
e. Relief operation capabilities
 Established lines of communication (physical, organizational)
 Established data collection points
 Established format of reporting (forms, exercise)
 Established confirmation/verification procedures
 Established authority for releasing report
Disaster Preparedness
Principles
a. The risk must be known.
 Potential hazards must be identified.
 Incidence of hazard occurrence must be calculated.
 Secondary risks must be identified.
 Vulnerability must be known.
 Who and what are at risk must be determined.
 Likely damage and disruption must be assessed.
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 Human needs must be anticipated.

b. Mitigation measures must be in place.
 Structural mitigation measures must be built.
 Nonstructural mitigation measures required must be instituted.
c. Preparedness system must be in readiness.
 All parties should be in a state of readiness.
 A focal point for preparedness must exist.
 A management system for emergency response must be in place.
 Plans must exist, and planning occurs regularly.
 Training and practice must be routine.
 Effective warning systems must be on alert.
 Authorities and the public must be fully informed
Effective Warning Message
a. Clear, simple language
b. Consistent content
c. Convincing
d. Community-(or site) specific – includes clearly stated precautions and action
e. Information on technical consequences
f. Repetitiveness
Land-Use Planning (Risk Zoning)
 While there are maps that show the paths of typhoons throughout the year,
and earthquake faults and areas hit by tidal waves, there is a dearth of
information regarding risk areas in the barangay and even in the municipal
level.
Public Awareness
a. Mitigation Awareness
 When risk is high but perception/preparedness is low, people need technical
explanations about causes, possible effects, and mitigating strategies.
b. Preparedness Awareness
 When a risk is imminent, the community needs detailed explanation of what
is going to happen and how, and what to and what not to do.
c. Emergency Response Awareness
 After the disaster has struck, people need to know what to do next]

END OF CHAPTER 4
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CHAPTER 5: ENVIRONMENTAL AWARENESS AND PROTECTION

Awareness
 A preliminary step in fighting for the world’s survival
Climate Change
 Rising temperatures in summers and fading coldness in winters
El Niño
 Whose recurrences are alarming causing severe droughts in some regions
La Niña
 Causes havoc because of intense and heavy downpours
Deforestation
 Destruction of vast areas of forest through unsustainable forestry practices
 Mining is another cause of deforestation
Waste Management
 Garbage Segregation s one of the most practical solutions proposed by some
environmental advocates.
 Instead of throwing out option, a shift reuse or recycle method would pose
viable solutions to this problem.
Water Scarcity
 Water is the primary and most consumed commodity in the world
 A great majority of population in the urban areas experiencing water scarcity
resorts to rainfalls as an alternative water source. However, rain is tested to
have harmful levels of sulfur and nitrogen oxide causing what we now know
as acid rain.
Ecosystem
 Interactions of abiotic, biotic, and cultural component
Endangered species
 Risk of becoming extinct
Executive Order 579
 Aims to encourage the formulation and implementation of Green Philippines
Programs
Go Green Philippines
 A sustainable environmental program, which primarily aims to revitalize the
Philippine ecosystem.
 Recycle, Replenish, and Revitalize
Republic Act 9512
 National Environmental Awareness and Education Act of 2008
 To integrate environmental education in its school curricula at all levels,
whether public or private, including in barangay daycare, preschool, non-
formal, technical-vocational, professional level, indigenous learning, and out-
of-school youth courses or programs.
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 The DENR shall have the primary responsibility

November
 Environmental Awareness Month
Republic Act 10121
 An Act Strengthening the Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and
Management System, Providing for the National Disaster Risk Reduction
And Management Framework and Institutionalizing the National Disaster
Risk Reduction and Management Plan, Appropriating Funds Therefor and
for other purposes.
National Disaster Risk Reduction Management Plan (NDRRM)
 Aims to strengthen the capacity of the national government and local
government units through decentralized powers and responsibilities,
together with partner stakeholders.

What goes where?

Garbage Recycling Compost
 Chip and cookie  Papers  Fruit and veggie
wrappings  Newspapers and scraps
 Plastic Cutlery magazines  Food-soiled
 Styrofoam  Cardboard cardboard packaging
 Rubber bands  Clean boxboard  Soiled paper towel
 Coffee grounds and
tea bags
 Coffee cups
 Sandwiches

How long does Litter Last?

Chewing gum – indefinitely

Dog litter – 1 to 6 months
Leftovers – 6 months
Cigarette butts – 1 to 5 years
Take-away wrappers – 3 months to 30 years
Aluminum cans – 200 years
Plastic bottles – 450 years
Disposable nappies – 450 years
Plastic bag – 1000’s of years
Glass bottles – 1 million years
Styrofoam – may be around forever
END OF CHAPTER 5
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CHAPTER 6: NATIONAL SECURITY CONCERNS AND PEACE

EDUCATION
National security
 It is the requirement to maintain the survival of the state through the use of
economic, power projection and political power, and the exercise of
diplomacy.
 The protection or the safety of a country’s secrets and its citizens emphasizing
the overall security of a nation and a nation state.

ARTICLE II: DECLARATION OF PRINCIPLES AND STATE POLICIES

The Philippines is a democratic and
Section 1
republican State.
The Philippines adopts the generally
Section 2
accepted principles of international law
The Armed Forces of the Philippines is the
Section 3
protector of the people and the State
The prime duty of the Government is to
Section 4
serve and protect the people.
The maintenance of peace and order, the
Section 5 protection of life, liberty, and property, and
promotion of the general welfare
The separation of Church and State shall be
Section 6
inviolable.
The State shall pursue an independent
Section 7
foreign policy.
The Philippines pursues a policy of
Section 8
freedom from nuclear weapons
The State shall promote a just and dynamic
social order that will ensure the prosperity
Section 9
and independence of the nation and free
the people from poverty
The State shall promote social justice in all
Section 10
phases of national development
The State values the dignity of every
Section 11 human person and guarantees full respect
for human rights
The State recognizes the sanctity of family
life and shall protect and strengthen the
Section 12
family as a basic autonomous social
institution
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The State recognizes the vital role of the

youth in nation-building and shall promote
Section 13
and protect their physical, moral, spiritual,
intellectual, and social well-being.
The State recognizes the role of women in
Section 14
nation-building,
The State shall protect and promote the
Section 15 right to health of the people and instill
health consciousness among them.
The State shall protect and advance the
Section 16 right of the people to a balanced and
healthful ecology
The State shall give priority to education,
Section 17 science and technology, arts, culture, and
sports
The State affirms labor as a primary social
Section 18
economic force
The State shall develop a self-reliant and
Section 19 independent national economy effectively
controlled by Filipinos
The State recognizes the indispensable role
Section 20
of the private sector
The State shall promote comprehensive
Section 21
rural development and agrarian reform
The State recognizes and promotes the
Section 22
rights of indigenous cultural communities
The State shall encourage non-
Section 23
governmental community-base
The State recognizes the vital role of
Section 24 communication and information in nation-
building.
The State shall ensure the autonomy of
Section 25
local governments
The State shall guarantee equal access to
Section 26 opportunities for public service and
prohibit political dynasties
The State shall maintain honesty and
Section 27
integrity in the public service
The State adopts and implements a policy
Section 28 of full public disclosure of all its
transactions involving public interest
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Peace – a state without a war

The Role of Higher Education
 “The main thrust of tertiary education is to achieve equity, efficiency, and
higher quality in institutions of higher learning, both public and private, so
that together they will provide a complete set of program offerings that meet
both national and regional needs for instruction, extension and community
involvement, and research”

DIFFERENT FOEMS OF VIOLENCE

Revolutionary Destructive Physical Verbal Emotional
Violence Violence Violence Violence Violence
Massacre Fighting Bullying Arguing Agitating
Riot Mugging Grabbing Cursing Angering
War Murdering Hitting Insulting Blaming
Poisoning Kicking Labeling Condemning
Raping Pinching Lying Embarrassing
Shooting Punching Name calling Ridiculing
Stabbing Pushing Taunting Scolding
Stealing Scratching Teasing Scorning
Vandalizing Slapping Threatening Tormenting

Principles for Peaceable School

School Commitment – includes the infusion of peace throughout all aspects of the
educational process
Classroom Environment – is a safe, orderly, and peaceful setting that contributes to
positive thinking and learning.
Communication – Inclusive communication is the peaceful exchange of information
and the sharing of feelings, decisions, and ideas.
Curriculum – A social curriculum serves the students’ need to learn social
responsibility and peacemaking skills
Instruction – Innovative instruction teaches students to consider the consequences
of negative behavior and to solve conflicts peacefully.
Parent-involvement - Parent participation is encouraged to support children’s
learning of pro-social activities at home
Family-School-Community Partnerships – Collaborative partnerships and family-
school-community networks implement programs to increase peace
END OF CHAPTER 4