C57 130-2015

Copyrighted material licensed to Electricity of Vietnam by Clarivate Analytics (US) LLC, subscriptions.techstreet.
com, downloaded on 2019-06-03 06:04:38 +0000 by

No further reproduction or distribution is permitted.
IEEE Std C57.130™-2015
IEEE Guide for the Use of Dissolved Gas

Analysis Applied to Factory Temperature
Rise Tests for the Evaluation of Mineral
Oil-Immersed Transformers and Reactors
Sponsor
Transformers Committee
of the
IEEE Power and Energy Society
Approved 26 October 2015
IEEE-SA Standards Board
Thanh Nguyen Duy.

Copyrighted material licensed to Electricity of Vietnam by Clarivate Analytics (US) LLC, subscriptions.techstreet.com, downloaded on 2019-06-03 06:04:38 +0000 by
Abstract: Application of dissolved gas analysis (DGA) techniques on oil-immersed transformers
and reactors applied during factory temperature rise tests is addressed in this guide. It contains
recommended procedures for sampling, recommended actions based on interpretation of results,
and a bibliography of related literature.
Keywords: dissolved gas analysis, IEEE C57.130™, factory temperature rise tests
Thanh Nguyen Duy.

The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.
3 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5997, USA
Copyright © 2016 by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.

All rights reserved. Published 19 February 2016. Printed in the United States of America.
IEEE is a registered trademark in the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office, owned by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers,
Incorporated.
PDF: ISBN 978-1-5044-0686-4 STD20794

Print: ISBN 978-1-5044-0687-1 STDPD20794
IEEE prohibits discrimination, harassment, and bullying.

For more information, visit http://www.ieee.org/web/aboutus/whatis/policies/p9-26.html.
No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without the prior written permission
of the publisher.
Important Notices and Disclaimers Concerning IEEE Standards Documents
IEEE documents are made available for use subject to important notices and legal disclaimers. These
notices and disclaimers, or a reference to this page, appear in all standards and may be found under the heading
“Important Notice” or “Important Notices and Disclaimers Concerning IEEE Standards Documents.”
Notice and Disclaimer of Liability Concerning the

Use of IEEE Standards Documents
IEEE Standards documents (standards, recommended practices, and guides), both full-use and trial-use,
are developed within IEEE Societies and the Standards Coordinating Committees of the IEEE Standards
Association (“IEEE-SA”) Standards Board. IEEE (“the Institute”) develops its standards through a
consensus development process, approved by the American National Standards Institute (“ANSI”),
which brings together volunteers representing varied viewpoints and interests to achieve the final product.
Volunteers are not necessarily members of the Institute and participate without compensation from IEEE.
While IEEE administers the process and establishes rules to promote fairness in the consensus development
process, IEEE does not independently evaluate, test, or verify the accuracy of any of the information or the
soundness of any judgments contained in its standards.
IEEE does not warrant or represent the accuracy or content of the material contained in its standards, and
expressly disclaims all warranties (express, implied and statutory) not included in this or any other document
relating to the standard, including, but not limited to, the warranties of: merchantability; fitness for a particular
purpose; non-infringement; and quality, accuracy, effectiveness, currency, or completeness of material. In
addition, IEEE disclaims any and all conditions relating to: results; and workmanlike effort. IEEE standards
documents are supplied “AS IS” and “WITH ALL FAULTS.”
Use of an IEEE standard is wholly voluntary. The existence of an IEEE standard does not imply that there
are no other ways to produce, test, measure, purchase, market, or provide other goods and services related to
the scope of the IEEE standard. Furthermore, the viewpoint expressed at the time a standard is approved and
issued is subject to change brought about through developments in the state of the art and comments received
from users of the standard.
In publishing and making its standards available, IEEE is not suggesting or rendering professional or
other services for, or on behalf of, any person or entity nor is IEEE undertaking to perform any duty owed by
any other person or entity to another. Any person utilizing any IEEE Standards document, should rely upon
Thanh Nguyen Duy.

his or her own independent judgment in the exercise of reasonable care in any given circumstances or, as
appropriate, seek the advice of a competent professional in determining the appropriateness of a given IEEE
standard.
IN NO EVENT SHALL IEEE BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,

SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO:
PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROF-
ITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABIL-
ITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR
OTHERWISE)ARISING INANY WAY OUT OF THE PUBLICATION, USE OF, OR RELIANCE UPONANY
STANDARD, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE AND REGARDLESS OF
WHETHER SUCH DAMAGE WAS FORESEEABLE.
Translations
The IEEE consensus development process involves the review of documents in English only. In the event that
an IEEE standard is translated, only the English version published by IEEE should be considered the approved
IEEE standard.
Official statements
A statement, written or oral, that is not processed in accordance with the IEEE-SA Standards Board Operations
Manual shall not be considered or inferred to be the official position of IEEE or any of its committees and shall
not be considered to be, or be relied upon as, a formal position of IEEE. At lectures, symposia, seminars, or
educational courses, an individual presenting information on IEEE standards shall make it clear that his or her
views should be considered the personal views of that individual rather than the formal position of IEEE.
Comments on standards
Comments for revision of IEEE Standards documents are welcome from any interested party, regardless
of membership affiliation with IEEE. However, IEEE does not provide consulting information or advice
pertaining to IEEE Standards documents. Suggestions for changes in documents should be in the form of a
proposed change of text, together with appropriate supporting comments. Since IEEE standards represent a
consensus of concerned interests, it is important that any responses to comments and questions also receive
the concurrence of a balance of interests. For this reason, IEEE and the members of its societies and Standards
Coordinating Committees are not able to provide an instant response to comments or questions except in
those cases where the matter has previously been addressed. For the same reason, IEEE does not respond to
interpretation requests. Any person who would like to participate in revisions to an IEEE standard is welcome
to join the relevant IEEE working group.
Comments on standards should be submitted to the following address:
Secretary, IEEE-SA Standards Board

445 Hoes Lane
Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA
Laws and regulations
Thanh Nguyen Duy.

Users of IEEE Standards documents should consult all applicable laws and regulations. Compliance with
the provisions of any IEEE Standards document does not imply compliance to any applicable regulatory
requirements. Implementers of the standard are responsible for observing or referring to the applicable
regulatory requirements. IEEE does not, by the publication of its standards, intend to urge action that is not in
compliance with applicable laws, and these documents may not be construed as doing so.
Copyrights
IEEE draft and approved standards are copyrighted by IEEE under US and international copyright laws. They
are made available by IEEE and are adopted for a wide variety of both public and private uses. These include
both use, by reference, in laws and regulations, and use in private self-regulation, standardization, and the
promotion of engineering practices and methods. By making these documents available for use and adoption
by public authorities and private users, IEEE does not waive any rights in copyright to the documents.
Photocopies
Subject to payment of the appropriate fee, IEEE will grant users a limited, non-exclusive license to photocopy
portions of any individual standard for company or organizational internal use or individual, non-commercial
use only. To arrange for payment of licensing fees, please contact Copyright Clearance Center, Customer
Service, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923 USA; +1 978 750 8400. Permission to photocopy por-
tions of any individual standard for educational classroom use can also be obtained through the Copyright
Clearance Center.
Updating of IEEE Standards documents
Users of IEEE Standards documents should be aware that these documents may be superseded at any time
by the issuance of new editions or may be amended from time to time through the issuance of amendments,
corrigenda, or errata. An official IEEE document at any point in time consists of the current edition of the
document together with any amendments, corrigenda, or errata then in effect.
Every IEEE standard is subjected to review at least every 10 years. When a document is more than 10 years old
and has not undergone a revision process, it is reasonable to conclude that its contents, although still of some
value, do not wholly reflect the present state of the art. Users are cautioned to check to determine that they have
the latest edition of any IEEE standard.
In order to determine whether a given document is the current edition and whether it has been amended through
the issuance of amendments, corrigenda, or errata, visit the IEEE-SA Website at http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/
standards.jsp or contact IEEE at the address listed previously. For more information about the IEEE SA or
IEEE’s standards development process, visit the IEEE-SA Website at http://standards.ieee.org.
Errata
Errata, if any, for all IEEE standards can be accessed on the IEEE-SA Website at the following URL: http://
standards.ieee.org/findstds/errata/index.html. Users are encouraged to check this URL for errata periodically.
Patents
Attention is called to the possibility that implementation of this standard may require use of subject matter
Thanh Nguyen Duy.

covered by patent rights. By publication of this standard, no position is taken by the IEEE with respect to the
existence or validity of any patent rights in connection therewith. If a patent holder or patent applicant has
filed a statement of assurance via an Accepted Letter of Assurance, then the statement is listed on the IEEE-
SA Website at http://standards.ieee.org/about/sasb/patcom/patents.html. Letters of Assurance may indicate
whether the Submitter is willing or unwilling to grant licenses under patent rights without compensation or
under reasonable rates, with reasonable terms and conditions that are demonstrably free of any unfair discrim-
ination to applicants desiring to obtain such licenses.
Essential Patent Claims may exist for which a Letter of Assurance has not been received. The IEEE is not
responsible for identifying Essential Patent Claims for which a license may be required, for conducting
inquiries into the legal validity or scope of Patents Claims, or determining whether any licensing terms or
conditions provided in connection with submission of a Letter of Assurance, if any, or in any licensing
agreements are reasonable or non-discriminatory. Users of this standard are expressly advised that
determination of the validity of any patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, is entirely their
own responsibility. Further information may be obtained from the IEEE Standards Association.
Participants
At the time this IEEE guide was completed, the Insulating Fluids-DGA During Thermal Test Working Group
had the following membership:
James A. Thompson, Chair

Tom Prevost, Vice Chair
Juan Castellanos, Secretary
Scott Digby Mark McNally Subhas Sarkar

William Darovny Sue McNelly Jin Sim
Vijayan Krishnamurphy Don Platts Ryan Thompson
Mel Wright
The following members of the individual balloting committee voted on this guide. Balloters may have voted
for approval, disapproval, or abstention.
Stephen Antosz James Graham Arthur Neubauer

Javier Arteaga William Griesacker Joe Nims
Roberto Asano Randall Groves Lorraine Padden
Peter Balma Bal Gupta Bansi Patel
Thomas Barnes John Harley Paulette Payne Powell
Christopher Roger Hayes Brian Penny
Baumgartner Joshua Herz Christopher Petrola
Barry Beaster Philip Hopkinson Alvaro Portillo
W.J. (Bill) Bergman Rowland James Bertrand Poulin
Wallace Binder John John Tom Prevost
Thomas Blackburn Laszlo Kadar Timothy Charles
Daniel Blaydon John Kay Raymond
W. Boettger Gael Kennedy Jean-Christophe Riboud
Chris Brooks Sheldon Kennedy John Roach
Paul Buchanan James Kinney Michael Roberts
Paul Cardinal Neil Kranich Oleg Roizman
Juan Castellanos Jim Kulchisky John Rossetti
Donald Cherry Saumen Kundu Bartien Sayogo
C. Clair Claiborne John Lackey Stephen Schroeder
John Crouse Chung-Yiu Lam Ewald Schweiger
Thanh Nguyen Duy.

Willaim Darovny Jeffrey LaMarca Hyeong Sim
Alan Darwin Thomas La Rose Charles Simmons
Dieter Dohnal Thomas Lundquist Jerry Smith
Gary Donner Richard Marek Steve Snyder
Donald Dunn J. Dennis Marlow Brian Sparling
Fred Elliott Lee Matthews David Stankes
Jorge Fernandez Daher James Mciver Malcolm Thaden
Joseph Foldi Mark Mcnally James Thompson
Bruce Forsyth Susan Mcnelly Robert Thompson
George Frimpong Charles Mc Shane Mel George
Doaa Galal Joseph Melanson John Vergis
Robert Ganser Daleep Mohla Loren Wagenaar
Frank Gerleve Daniel Mulkey David Wallace
Ali Ghafourian Jerry Murphy David Wallach
Edwin Goodwin R. Musil Kenneth White
Jennifer Yu
6
Copyright © 2016 IEEE. All rights reserved.
When the IEEE-SA Standards Board approved this guide on 26 October 2015, it had the following membership:
John D. Kulick, Chair

Jon Walter Rosdahl, Vice Chair
Richard H. Hulett, Past Chair
Konstantinos Karachalios, Secretary
Masayuki Ariyoshi Joseph L. Koepfinger* Annette D. Reilly

Ted Burse David J. Law Stephen J. Shellhammer
Stephen Dukes Hung Ling Adrian P. Stephens
Jean-Philippe Faure Andrew Myles Yatin Trivedi
J. Travis Griffith T. W. Olsen Phillip Winston
Gary Hoffman Glenn Parsons Don Wright
Michael Janezic Ronald C. Petersen Yu Yuan
Daidi Zhong
*Member Emeritus
Thanh Nguyen Duy.
7
Introduction
This introduction is not part of IEEE Std C57.130™-2015, IEEE Guide for the Use of Dissolved Gas Analysis Applied
to Factory Temperature Rise Tests for the Evaluation of Mineral Oil-Immersed Transformers and Reactors.
The evaluation of gases generated in oil-immersed transformers and reactors during factory temperature rise
tests is a useful method of detecting thermal problems. These thermal problems may be due to abnormal
leakage flux heating in the windings and leads, the magnetic circuit, or in structural elements. They may
also be caused by inadequate heat dissipation or poor oil circulation within the core or windings, imperfect
connections or contacts, excessive paper insulation, or clogged or inadequate cooling ducts.
This guide was written with the understanding that, as additional experience is gained; periodic reviews
will be made to ensure that recommendations in this guide continue to be based on the most up-to- date
information. The factory temperature rise test (formerly known as the heat run test) is performed in accor-
dance with IEEE Std C57.12.90™ to determine whether the temperature rises of the windings, oil, and other
components meet design values. When testing power transformers, it is normally performed by the short
circuit method; therefore, the losses and corresponding heating produced by core flux are minimal and the
superposition of core and leakage flux during actual loading are not accurately represented by this test. On the
other hand, during much of this test, a transformer is operated at higher-than-rated current to simulate core
losses. During factory temperature rise tests, only the more serious design or manufacturing defects become
apparent and less severe conditions, which could lead to future problems in service, can escape detection.
This document is, in general, an advisory document that provides guidance on the subject of DGA as it
applies to the factory temperature rise test. The ultimate decision on the evaluation of acceptable levels of gas
generated during the temperature rise test should be made by the user and manufacturer at the time of contract
negotiation. This could include for instance reports of the factory DGA test data to be provided to the user
upon request.
Thanh Nguyen Duy.
8
Contents
1. Overview ................................................................................................................................................... 10
1.1 Scope .................................................................................................................................................. 10
1.2 Purpose ............................................................................................................................................... 10
2. Normative references ................................................................................................................................ 11
3. Procedures for obtaining samples of oil from the transformer or reactor for laboratory analysis .............. 11
4. Laboratory methods for analyzing the gas extracted from the oil .............................................................. 11
5. Description ................................................................................................................................................ 12
6. Temperature rise test interval and oil sampling ......................................................................................... 12

6.1 Oil sampling before temperature rise—Sample 1 ............................................................................... 12
6.2 Oil sampling at end of temperature rise test—Sample 2 ..................................................................... 13
6.3 Intermediate sampling ........................................................................................................................ 13
7. Determination of average component gas generation rates ....................................................................... 13

7.1 Determination of generated component concentration increases........................................................ 13
7.2 Determination of average generation rates ......................................................................................... 13
7.3 Evaluation of gas generation rates ...................................................................................................... 14
Annex A (informative) Bibliography.............................................................................................................. 15
Thanh Nguyen Duy.
9
IEEE Guide for the Use of Dissolved Gas
Analysis Applied to Factory Temperature
Rise Tests for the Evaluation of Mineral
Oil-Immersed Transformers and Reactors
IMPORTANT NOTICE: IEEE Standards documents are not intended to ensure safety, security, health,
or environmental protection, or ensure against interference with or from other devices or networks.
Implementers of IEEE Standards documents are responsible for determining and complying with all
appropriate safety, security, environmental, health, and interference protection practices and all applicable
laws and regulations.
This IEEE document is made available for use subject to important notices and legal disclaimers. These
notices and disclaimers appear in all publications containing this document and may be found under the
heading “Important Notice” or “Important Notices and Disclaimers Concerning IEEE Documents.” They
can also be obtained on request from IEEE or viewed at http://standards.ieee.org/IPR/disclaimers.html.
1. Overview
Thanh Nguyen Duy.

1.1 Scope
This document provides guidance in the application of dissolved gas analysis (DGA) to transformers and
reactors subjected to factory temperature rise tests. This document consists of evaluation procedures and
guidelines for acceptable levels of gases generated in conventional mineral oil-filled transformers and reactors
during factory temperature rise tests.
1.2 Purpose
The Purpose of this Guide is to provide guidance in the application of dissolved gas analysis (DGA) to
transformers and reactors subjected to factory temperature rise tests. This document consists of
evaluation procedures and guidelines for acceptable levels of gases generated in conventional mineral-oil-filled
transformers and reactors during factory temperature rise tests.
10
IEEE Std C57.130-2015
IEEE Guide for the Use of Dissolved Gas Analysis Applied to Factory Temperature Rise
Tests for the Evaluation of Mineral Oil-Immersed Transformers and Reactors
2. Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document (i.e., they must
be understood and used, so each referenced document is cited in text and its relationship to this document is
explained). For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the
referenced document (including any amendments or corrigenda) applies.
ASTM D3612, Standard Test Method for Analysis of Gases Dissolved in Electrical Insulating Oil by Gas
Chromatography.1
ASTM D923, Standard Practice for Sampling Electrical Insulating Liquids.
IEEE Std C57.12.90™, IEEE Standard Test Code for Liquid-Immersed Distribution, Power, and Regulating
Transformers.2,3
3. Procedures for obtaining samples of oil from the

transformer or reactor for laboratory analysis
All samples of oil from electrical apparatus being taken for the purpose of DGA should be taken in accordance
with ASTMD923.4 Duplicate samples should be taken.
The following gases should be measured during a DGA:
— Hydrogen
— Methane
— Ethane
— Ethylene
— Acetylene
— Carbon Monoxide
— Carbon Dioxide
— Oxygen
Thanh Nguyen Duy.

— Nitrogen
The concentrations of combustible gases and oxygen contained in the oil before the temperature rise test
should be low in order to accurately measure the limited volumes of gases usually generated during the test.
The transformer should be filled with oil that has been degassed to ensure there is no more than 0.5% total
dissolved gas in the oil prior to the start of the temperature rise test. The primary gas present will be nitrogen.
The transformer should not be tested with a static oil head that is open to the atmosphere.
4. Laboratory methods for analyzing the gas extracted from the oil
For exact and generally applicable threshold or limiting values of concentrations or generation rates, it is
necessary to obtain uniform and high extraction efficiency for individual characteristic gases and to make
proper extraction efficiency corrections per ASTMD3612 Method C. Determination of the individual
dissolved gases should be made in accordance with ASTMD3612 Method C with the exception that for this
1
ASTM publications are available from the American Society for Testing and Materials (http://www.astm.org/).
2
The IEEE standards or products referred to in this clause are trademarks of The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.
3
This publication is available from The Institute of electrical and Electronics Engineers (http://standards.ieee.org/).
4
Information on references can be found in Clause 2.
11
IEEE Std C57.130-2015
guide the minimum detection limits for dissolved gases for a factory temperature rise tests may be used as
provided in Table 1.
Parts per million (ppm) in this guide refers to volume concentration in oil per ASTMD3612. Since this ppm
concentration and μL/L are both ratios with no units then they are considered equivalent throughout this guide.
Table 1—Detection limits for factory temperature rise testa

Gas Concentration in ppm (μL/L)
H2 (hydrogen) 2
CH4 (methane) 0.1
C2H6(ethane) 0.1
C2H4(ethylene) 0.1
C2H2(acetylene) 0.1
CO(carbon monoxide) 5
CO2(carbon dioxide) 10
a
The ASTMD3612 Standard Test Methods detection limits differ from this table which reconciles with detection limits
found in IEC61181, Mineral oil-filled electrical equipment –Application of dissolved gas analysis (DGA) to factory tests
on electrical equipment.
5. Description
When a temperature rise test used to verify the thermal design of a transformer or reactor is conducted in
accordance with IEEE Std C57.12.90 and any modifications agreed upon by the manufacturer and user then
DGA should be applied to oil samples drawn from the unit during the temperature rise test interval defined
in Clause 6. The generated gas component increases are shown in braces {}. The generated gas component
increase rates are shown in brackets []. The generation rates for hydrogen [H2], hydrocarbon gases [HC],
carbon monoxide [CO], and carbon dioxide [CO2] are compared to the gas generation guidelines in Table 2
(see 7.3). Note that HC = CH4 + C2H4 + C2H6. These values are typical for transformers tested at their name-
plate rating. Temperature rise tests performed at loads beyond nameplate rating may produce very different
DGA results.
The measurement of gas generation rates by DGA for temperature rise tests described in this guide provides
a new and more discriminating indicator of abnormalities previously undetectable by temperature rise tests
alone. The basis for this procedure is the presence of small but detectable quantities of hydrocarbon gases
Thanh Nguyen Duy.

(CH4, C 2H2, C2H4, and C 2H6) and hydrogen (H2) from decomposition of the oil, and carbon oxides (CO and
CO2) from the decomposition of cellulose. The generation rates of the hydrocarbon and carbon oxide gases
vary with temperature. Generation rates at normal design temperatures are quite small but measurable.
Because of the generally low gas concentrations generated during temperature rise tests, identification of fault
types by use of hydrogen and hydrocarbon gas concentration ratios may not be valid. However, the abnormally
high temperatures caused by localized overheating effects significantly increase the generation rates of these
gases, which are then compared to the established guidelines for acceptable rates presented in this guide.
No detectable concentration of acetylene (C2H2) is acceptable.
6. Temperature rise test interval and oil sampling

6.1 Oil sampling before temperature rise—Sample 1
Before the temperature rise test begins, and in accordance with Clause 3, an oil sample from a location as near
the direct path of the cooling oil as possible should be taken from the apparatus; however, such a tap may not
be provided. In this case, the sample should be taken from the bottom drain valve, which is the universally
12
IEEE Std C57.130-2015
acknowledged sampling point. This sample is identified as Sample 1. In addition it is a generally acceptable
practice to take back-up samples.
6.2 Oil sampling at end of temperature rise test—Sample 2

The temperature rise test should continue for the time specified in IEEEStd C57.12.90. Start up and stop
times should be included with the test records. Depending on the equipment design and the gas generating
mechanism, the concentrations of generated gases may not reach their maximum levels at the sampling point
at exactly the same time as the load is shut down (tf). For this reason, there can be several procedures used by
manufacturers to obtain the sample (Sample 2). Sample 2 could be taken in accordance with Clause 3 right
after the load is shut down. It can also be taken anywhere from 2 hr to 6 hr after the load is shut down. The time
when Sample 2 is taken should be agreed upon by the manufacturer and user before the temperature rise test
is started.
6.3 Intermediate sampling

To positively establish a trend and to detect faults that may initially exist and disappear during the test or faults
that may develop during the test, additional oil samples may be taken at regular intervals during and after
the test. Generally, intermediate sampling is only specified by the user; however, the manufacturer may also
perform intermediate sampling. These samples should be identified according to the time at which they were
taken.
7. Determination of average component gas generation rates

As soon as possible after the temperature rise test is discontinued (preferably within 24 hr), the gases should
be extracted for DGA analyses from Sample 1 and Sample 2 in accordance with Clause 4, and the gener-
ated components determined per 7.1. The component generation rates are determined per 7.2 using the
temperature rise test interval (tf –t0) [see Clause 6]. The component generation rates are then compared to the gas
generation rate guidelines in Table 2 (see 7.3). The generated gas component increases are shown in braces {}. The
generated gas component increase rates are shown in brackets [].
7.1 Determination of generated component concentration increases

The generated hydrogen component increase {H2} is determined by subtracting the hydrogen [in parts per
Thanh Nguyen Duy.

million (ppm)] in Sample 1 from the hydrogen (ppm) in Sample 2.
The generated hydrocarbon component increase {HC} is determined by subtracting the sum (ppm) of CH4
+ C2H4 + C2H6 in Sample 1 from the sum (ppm) of CH4 +C2H4 +C2H6 in Sample 2. A generation component
increase for acetylene (C2H2) is not included in the hydrocarbon {HC} component as the generation of any
acetylene during a temperature rise test is cause for serious concern.
The generated carbon monoxide component {CO} is determined by subtracting the CO (ppm) in Sample 1
from the CO (ppm) in Sample 2.
The generated carbon dioxide component {CO2} is determined by subtracting the CO2 (ppm) in Sample 1
from the CO 2 (ppm) in Sample 2.
7.2 Determination of average generation rates

Generation rates for each component are determined by dividing the volume (ppm) of each generated
component by the temperature rise test interval in hours (tf –t0). The temperature rise test interval is the time
13
IEEE Std C57.130-2015
interval between the time (t0) that the load is applied and the time (tf) the load is shut down. Multiple tempera-
ture rise test intervals would include cumulative time intervals in (tf).
The Generation Rates for each component are then:

[ H2 ] = { H2 } / (tf – t0)
[ HC ] = { HC } / (tf – t0)
[ CO ] = { CO } / (tf – t0)
[ CO2 ] = { CO2 } / (tf – t0)
7.3 Evaluation of gas generation rates

Although general guidelines for gas generation rates and recommended actions are given in this guide, specific
performance guarantees must be agreed upon by the user and manufacturer prior to the tests. Care should be
exercised in the determination of gas generation rates with very low levels of any gas. The repeatability and
reproduciblity of the gas-in-oil measurement method must be taken into account so that undue alarm will not
occur. Finally, this document applies only to 10 MVA and greater transformers with a voltage rating of 69 Kv
or higher.
Table 2 contains guidelines for the component generation rates [H2], [HC], [CO], and [CO2]. Recommended
action is given for Condition I (no problem detected), Condition II (possible problem); and for Condition III
(likely problem). Recommended action should be taken when any one or more component rates exceed the
guidelines.
The generation rates in Table 2 are applicable to transformers built in accordance with IEEE standards (65°C
Average Winding Rise / 65°C Top Oil Rise / 80°C Hottest Spot Rise (hot spot rise) with an average ambi-
ent temperature of 30°C). They may not be applicable for higher operating temperatures and for overload
temperature rise tests.
Table 2—Gas generation rate guidelinesa

Gas Gas generation rate (ppm/h)
component
Condition I: No Condition II: Possible problem. Condition III: Likely problem.
problem detected.
Thanh Nguyen Duy.

Action: None Action: The manufacturer Action: Manufacturer and
should test a duplicate oil purchaser conference. There
sample. Investigate cause by is a strong possibility that a
reviewing temperature rise thermal fault exists. Investiga-
test results. Manufacturer tion should be performed and
should confer with Own- temperature rise tests repeated
er. Extend test duration. after any corrective action.
[H2] < 1.0 = >1.0 and < 1.5 = >1.5
[HC] < 0.4 = >0.4 and < 1.0 = >1.0
[CO] < 2.0 = >2.0 and < 5.0 = >5.0
[CO2] < 18.0 = >18.0 and < 40.0 = >40.0
a
The generation of acetylene (C2H2) during a temperature rise test indicates a test failure (C2H2 should be less than the de-
tection limit provided in Table 1). Any change in the acetylene value exceeding that detection limit needs investigation.
14
IEEE Std C57.130-2015
Annex A
(informative)
Bibliography
Bibliographical references are resources that provide additional or helpful material but do not need to be
understood or used to implement this standard. Reference to these resources is made for informational use
only.
[B1] Canadian Electrical Association, Guide for Dissolved Gases in Oil Analysis for Transformers and Reac-
tors During Factory Test, Feb.1989.
[B2] Feldbar, et al., “Evaluation of thermal conditions of large transformers,” Paper 12–05. CIGRÉ, 1984.5
[B3] Hurter and Viale, “Thermal aspects of large transformers, test procedures hot spot identification,
permissible limits, their assessment in factory tests and service, overload limitations, effects of cooling
system,” Paper 12–13, CIGRÉ, 1984.
[B4] IEC, Guide for the sampling of gases and of oil from oil-filled electrical equipment and for the analysis of
free and dissolved gases.6
[B5] IEC, Mineral oil-filled electrical equipment –Application of dissolved gas analysis (DGA) to factory
tests on electrical equipment.
[B6] Musil, J. and H.Foschum, “Application of dissolved gas analysis during factory testing of power
transformers,” Doble Client Conference, 47AIC80, Section 6, pp. 801–804, 1980.
[B7] Oommen, T. V., H. R.Moore, and L. E.Luke, “Experience with gas-in-oil analysis made during factory
tests on large power transformers,” IEEE Transactions, vol. PAS-101, no. 5, pp. 1048–1052, May1982.
[B8] “Temperature-rise test on oil immersed transformers with analysis of gases dissolved in oil,” Final
Report of Working Group 06, Study Committee 12. Electra, 1982, pp. 33–43.
[B9] “Thermal Aspects of Transformers,” Report of WG 09, Working Group 12.09, Electra, No. 161,
Thanh Nguyen Duy.

Aug.1995.
CIGRÉ publications are available are available from http://www.cigre.org.

5
IEC publications are available from the International Electrotechnical Commission (http://www.iec.ch/).
6
15
Copyrighted material licensed to Electricity of Vietnam by Clarivate Analytics (US) LLC, subscriptions.techstreet.com, downloaded on 2019-06-03 06:04:38 +0000 by Thanh Nguyen Duy.

C57 130-2015

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

C57 130-2015

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Copyrighted material licensed to Electricity of Vietnam by Clarivate Analytics (US) LLC, subscriptions.techstreet.

com, downloaded on 2019-06-03 06:04:38 +0000 by

IEEE Guide for the Use of Dissolved Gas

Approved 26 October 2015

IEEE-SA Standards Board

Thanh Nguyen Duy.

Thanh Nguyen Duy.

Copyright © 2016 by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.

PDF: ISBN 978-1-5044-0686-4 STD20794

IEEE prohibits discrimination, harassment, and bullying.

Notice and Disclaimer of Liability Concerning the

Thanh Nguyen Duy.

IN NO EVENT SHALL IEEE BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,

Comments on standards should be submitted to the following address:

Secretary, IEEE-SA Standards Board

Laws and regulations

Thanh Nguyen Duy.

Updating of IEEE Standards documents

Thanh Nguyen Duy.

James A. Thompson, Chair

Scott Digby Mark McNally Subhas Sarkar

Stephen Antosz James Graham Arthur Neubauer

Thanh Nguyen Duy.

John D. Kulick, Chair

Masayuki Ariyoshi Joseph L. Koepﬁnger* Annette D. Reilly

Thanh Nguyen Duy.

Thanh Nguyen Duy.

2. Normative references ................................................................................................................................ 11

6. Temperature rise test interval and oil sampling ......................................................................................... 12

7. Determination of average component gas generation rates ....................................................................... 13

Annex A (informative) Bibliography.............................................................................................................. 15

Thanh Nguyen Duy.

Thanh Nguyen Duy.

ASTM D923, Standard Practice for Sampling Electrical Insulating Liquids.

3. Procedures for obtaining samples of oil from the

The following gases should be measured during a DGA:

Thanh Nguyen Duy.

Table 1—Detection limits for factory temperature rise testa

Thanh Nguyen Duy.

No detectable concentration of acetylene (C2H2) is acceptable.

6. Temperature rise test interval and oil sampling

6.2 Oil sampling at end of temperature rise test—Sample 2

6.3 Intermediate sampling

7. Determination of average component gas generation rates

7.1 Determination of generated component concentration increases

Thanh Nguyen Duy.

7.2 Determination of average generation rates

The Generation Rates for each component are then:

7.3 Evaluation of gas generation rates

Table 2—Gas generation rate guidelinesa

Thanh Nguyen Duy.

Thanh Nguyen Duy.

CIGRÉ publications are available are available from http://www.cigre.org.

You might also like