STAGE 2

Technical Data
Generation
It is every design engineer's dream come true
Contents

• Technical Data Generation

• Developing Engineering Drawings
• Dimensional Accuracy
• Engineering Drawing Types and Applications
• Tolerance Determination
• The Substitution Factor
• Special Tooling
• Completion of a Preliminary Technical Data
Package
The objective of the work at hand is to develop a
complete and unrestricted technical data
package which will be sufficient for both the
fabrication and procurement of the part in the
future. The engineering drawings will define the
configuration of the component, and the
technical data package will contain-all additional
inspection and quality assurance requirements
to manufacture a like part.

Preface
The progression of data development

In stage 2 the missing or inadequate technical data will be

generated as engineering drawings and incorporated in a
preliminary drawing set (PDS). Once the PDS drawing set
includes the associated performance specifications,
quality assurance requirements, and testing criteria, it
becomes the stage 2 preliminary data package (PDP).
After passing the requisite in-house staff reviews this
information becomes the preliminary technical data
package (PTDP) ready for transmittal to stage 3.
When prototypes are built and pass both
the operational and system testing in
stage 3, the PTDP will become the
complete technical data package (CTDP)
at the conclusion of stage 3. In stage 4 the
procurement requirements are added to
the CTDP to become the final technical
data package. Stage 4 is not concluded
until the engineering and economic report
and prototypes
Technical Data Generation

The technical data which needs to be generated in stage 2 includes

the dimensions, the materials, the surfaces, the finishes, the
interfaces, the tolerances, the performance and testing
specifications, and the quality assurance requirements which will
verify that the reverse engineered part will at least fulfill the
function of the original component-if not outperform its
predecessor. The technical data should include any special tooling
and its associated documentation. The explicit location of reference
points for machining purposes must also be stated.
The following is a listing of TDP elements.
1. Conceptual design drawings and associated lists
2. Developmental design drawings and associated lists
3. Product drawings and associated lists
4. Commercial drawings and associated lists
5. Special inspection equipment (SIE) drawings and associated lists
6. SIE operating instructions
7. SIE descriptive documentation
8. SIE calibration procedures
9. Special tooling drawings
10.Specifications
11. Preservation, packaging, packing, and marking data
12. Quality engineering planning list
13. Software and software documentation
14. Test requirements documents
Those items referring to TDP management data products are
1. Source control drawing approval request
2. Drawing number assignment report
3. Proposed critical manufacturing process description
4. TDP quality control program plan
5. TDP validation report
Dimensional Accuracy

Dimensional accuracy is a relative measure in truth. The "real" dimension

varies from one set of points on the component to another set of points. The
average of the entire, albeit infinite, set of points along the length of the
part, would be a fair representation of the true dimension. In reality, although
many measurements may be taken, the highest and lowest variations are
considered to be the outer limits with the mean measurement a reasonable
representation of the true dimension.
Although it is extremely helpful to have multiple sample parts with which to
compare dimensional data, it is more advantageous to have a slightly
outdated, nonproprietary drawing revision to use as both a reference and a
reality check. A nonproprietary higher-level assembly drawing showing the
interference dimensions for a component would also be valuable.
 Engineering Drawing Types and Data

Applications Collection

The following types of engineering drawings are

the most frequently used to establish engineering
requirements.
1. Layout drawings
2. Detail drawings
3. Assembly drawings
4. Installation drawings
5. Modifying drawings
6. Arrangement drawings
7. Control drawings
8. Mechanical schematic drawings
9. Electrical and electronic diagrams
10. Special-application drawings
a. Wiring harness drawings
h. Cable assembly drawings
c. Printed-board drawing sets
d. Microcircuit drawings
e. Un-dimensioned drawings
f Kit drawings
g. Tube bend drawings
h. Matched set drawings
i. Contour definition drawings
j. Computer program and software drawings
layout drawing:

• Depicts design development requirements. It is similar to a detail,

assembly, or installation drawing, except that it presents pictorial,
notational, or dimensional data to the extent necessary to convey
the design solution used in preparing other engineering drawings.
A layout drawing generally does not establish item identification.
detail drawing:

Provides the complete end-product definition of the part(s)

depicted on the drawing; establishes item identification for each
part depicted thereon.
• monodetail drawings: Delineate a single part.
• multidetail drawings: Delineate two or more uniquely identified parts in
separate views or in separate sets of views on the same drawing.
assembly drawing:

Defines the configuration and contents of the assembly or

assemblies depicted thereon; establishes item identification for
each assembly. Where an assembly drawing contains detailed
requirements for one or more parts used in the assembly, it is a
detail assembly drawing.
installation drawing:

Provides information for properly positioning and installing items

relative to their supporting structure and adjacent items, as
applicable. This information may include dimensional data,
hardware descriptions, and general configuration information for
the installation site.
modifying drawings:

Include altered-item, modification, and selected item drawings.

These are not used for items made from raw or bulk materials,
items purchased in bulk lengths (extrusions, channel nuts, hinges,
etc.), or such semi processed items as blank panels, castings, or
electronic equipment drawers, which use detail or detail assembly
drawings. They are:
• altered-item drawing
• selected-item drawing
• modification drawing
arrangement drawing:

Depicts the physical relationship of significant items using

appropriate projections or perspective views. Reference dimensions
may be included. An arrangement drawing does not establish item
identification.
control drawings:

procurement control drawing: Provides criteria for performance,

acceptance, and identification of supplier items by disclosing the
engineering design characteristics required for (1) control of
interfaces and (2) to ensure repeatability of performance.
vendor item drawing: Provides engineering description and
acceptance criteria for purchased items, a list of suggested
suppliers, the supplier’s item identification, and sufficient
engineering definition for acceptance of interchangeable items
within specified limits.
source control drawing: Provides an engineering description and
acceptance criteria for purchased items that require design-
activity-imposed qualification testing and exclusively provides
performance, installation, and interchangeability characteristics
specifically required for the critical applications.
design control drawing: Discloses the basic technical information
and performance requirements necessary for a subcontractor to
complete the detailed design required to develop and produce an
item.
interface control drawing: Depicts physical and functional
interfaces of related or co-functioning items. It does not establish
item identification
identification cross-reference drawing:

An administrative-type drawing which assigns unique identifiers that

are compatible with automated data-processing (ADP) systems and
item identification specifications; provides a cross reference to the
original incompatible identifier.
mechanical schematic diagram:

Depicts mechanical and other functional operation, structural

loading, fluid circuitry, or other functions using appropriate
standard symbols and connecting lines. This is a design information
drawing and does not establish item identification for the item(s)
delineated thereon.
 electrical and electronic diagrams:
They are design information drawings and seldom establish item identification for the
item(s) depicted thereon. There are seven types of electrical and electronic diagrams.

functional block diagram: Depicts the functions of the major elements of a circuit, assembly, system, etc.
in simplified form.
single-line diagram: A single-line diagram conveys basic information about the operation of the circuit,
but omits much of the detailed information usually shown on schematic diagrams.
schematic diagram or circuit diagram: Depicts electrical connections and functions of a specific circuit
arrangement without regard to the physical shape, size, or location of the elements.
connection diagram or wiring diagram: It contains the details necessary to make or trace connections
involved.
interconnection diagram: Depicts only external connections between assemblies, units, or higher-level
items.
wiring list: Consists of tabular data and instructions necessary to establish wiring connections.
logic circuit diagram: Depicts the logic functions of a system at any level of assembly.
special-application drawings:

There are 10 types; details of each of these can be found in

App. A in the text book
Tolerance Determination

Geometric dimensioning and tolerancing is a means of specifying design and drawing

requirements with respect to the actual "function" and "relationship“ of part features. This
technique, when properly applied, ensures the most economical and effective production of
these features during fabrication. Thus geometric dimensioning and tolerancing can be
considered both an engineering design drawing language and a functional production and
inspection technique.
The following definitions of dimensioning and tolerancing will be
needed.
dimension: A numeric value expressed in appropriate units of measure and indicated on a
drawing and in other documents along with lines, symbols, and notes to define the size or
geometric characteristic, or both, or a part or part feature.
basic dimension: A numeric value used to describe the theoretically exact size, profile,
orientation, or location of a feature or datum target. It is the basis from which permissible
variations are established by tolerances on other dimensions, in notes, or in feature control
frames.
reference dimension: A dimension, usually without tolerance, used for information purposes only.
It is considered to be auxiliary information and does not govern production or inspection
operations. A reference dimension is a repeat of a dimension or is derived from other values
shown on the drawing, or on related drawings.
tolerance: The total amount by which a specified dimension is permitted to vary. The tolerance
is the difference between the maximum and minimum limits.
unilateral tolerance: Tolerance in which variation is permitted in one direction from the
specified dimension.
bilateral tolerance: Tolerance in which variation is permitted in both directions from the
specified dimension.
geometric tolerance: The general term applied to the category of tolerances used to control
form, profile, orientation, location, and runout.
Special Tooling

If any special tooling is needed, the type and name of the special tool is required.
An example of a special tool may be a computer chip design generation kit.
Completion of a Preliminary
Technical Data Package (PDP)
Now that the proper type of engineering drawings have been
developed as a preliminary drawing set (PDS) and the associated
performance, testing, and quality assurance requirements have
been added, along with any additional special requirements such as
special tooling, the preliminary data package (PDP) is readied for
verification. The next step is to conduct an in-house review of the
PDP for accuracy and completeness. This is necessary before this
PDP can be forwarded to stage 3 for prototype fabrication.