INTRODUCTION TO BIOCHEMISTRY

1. One example of a polymer substance present on our body is carbohydrate.

-TRUE

2. Site of lipid synthesis

-SMOOTH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM

3. CELLS- are building blocks of the body*

4. Rough endoplasmic reticulum modifies protein structure and packages protein in

secretory vesicles.
-FALSE

5. One of the distinguishing characteristics of an organic molecules is the absence of a

carbon atom.
-FALSE

6. Which of the following is/are known as major biomolecules?

-ALL OF THE ABOVE

7. Nucleus is the site of rRNA synthesis and ribosomal subunit assembly

-FALSE

8. Powerhouse of the cell.

-MITOCHONDRIA

9. Biochemistry is known to be as a hybrid science. Thus, biochemistry is a combination of

______ and ______.
-CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY

10. The ability of an organism to add new tissue.

-GROWTH

POST QUIZ OVERVIEW

1. Protein molecules can serve as transporters of nutrients and various molecules in the
cells.
-TRUE

2. These biochemical substances do not contain the element Carbon.

-BIOINORGANIC SUBSTANCES
3. Lipids can play a role in supplying energy through the process glycogenesis.
-FALSE

4. It marks all the changes undergone by an organism through time.

-DEVELOPMENT

5. The sum of all biological and chemical activities to generate energy.

-METABOLISM

6. The ability to control different processes with the help of some chemical substances.
-REGULATION

7. The ability to restore impaired structures.

-REPAIR

8. The ability of organisms to elaborate structures needed to carry out various functions.
-COMPLEXITY

9. Carbohydrate is the most abundant type of bioorganic substance by mass, in the human
body.
-FALSE

10. Fatty acids are the basic units of lipids. Saturated fatty acid is markedly known for its
structure with single carbon to carbon bond.
-TRUE

11. The application of chemistry to the study of biological processes.

-BIOCHEMISTRY

12. Carbohydrates are primarily synthesized through the process of photosynthesis. The
reactants responsible for the formation of products are.
-CARBON DIOXIDE AND WATER

13. In general, proteins contain the elements carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, and hydrogen.
-FALSE

14. Nucleic acids are polymeric substances being synthesized from multiple amino acid
subunits.
-FALSE
 15. Lipid molecules are important for various processes in the body. One of which is their
vitality in the synthesis of hormones such as _______________.
-ESTROGEN

16. This biomolecule is highly vital for information storage and communication.
-NUCLEIC ACIDS

17. Biochemistry is the application of chemistry to the study of biological processes at the
CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR levels.

18. Biochemical substances are living entities, which are responsible for various life's
processes to take place.
-FALSE

19. Proteins are polymeric substances being arranged in the form of

-POLYPEPTIDE CHAINS

20. Carbohydrate is the most abundant bioinorganic substance on earth.

-FALSE

POST QUIZ CELLS AND FUNCTIONS

1. Cell envelope is the specific part of the prokaryotic cells that generates ATP, the site of
photosynthesis and respiration, regulates osmotic pressure, and transports solute.
-FALSE

2. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum is a network of interconnected membranes forming

channels within the cell and is characteristically covered by ribosomes.
-FALSE

3. Which of the following correctly describes a chloroplast?

a. Surrounded by a double membrane
b. Contains a series of folds called as thylakoid membranes
c. Restricts photosynthesis
d. Contains DNA
-1,4

4. Serves as food reserve.

-INCLUSION BODIES

5. This structure is able to resist extreme environmental conditions.

-ENDOSPORES
6. The antibiotic resistance structure.
-PLASMIDS

7. Gives protection to the cell as it prevents rupture. It also serves as an anchorage for
flagella.
-MUREIN LAYER

8. It has the ability to resist phagocytosis and dessication.

-GLYCOCALYX

9. Plasma membrane contains teichoic acid or lipoteichoic acid.

-FALSE

10. Flagella and fimbriae are the organs for locomotion among prokaryotic organisms.
Prokaryotic cells are less complex than that of eukaryotic cells.
-ONLY SECOND STATEMENT IS CORRECT.

11. All of the following cellular structures are found only among plant cells, EXCEPT:
-CYTOSKELETON

12. Cell wall is found in most animal cell, but not in plant cells.
-FALSE

13. Chloroplast is surrounded by a double membrane with a series of folds called thylakoid
membranes. It is responsible for the process of photosynthesis.
-FALSE

14. Nucleus
1. Pores allow specific communication in the cytoplasm.
2. Double membrane surrounding the chromosomes and the nucleoid.
3. Pores allow specific communication in the plasma membrane.
-1 ONLY

15. True of eukaryotic cells:

-WITH STEROLS

16. This structure has the ability to detoxify chemicals such as drugs and pesticides.
-SMOOTH ENDOPLASTIC RETICULUM

17. Gives the cell its distinct shape.

-CYTOSKELETON
 18. Responsible for degrading proteins and membranes in the cell.
-LYSOZYMES

19. Contains the transport and signaling systems of the cell.

-PLASMA MEMBRANE

20. This structure is responsible in degrading hydrogen peroxide.

-MICROBODIES

PREQUIZ WATER AND ITS PROPERTIES

1. The melting point of water in degree Celsius
-0.00 or 0

2. A state of water is changed from gas to liquid.

-CONDENSATION

3. This property is notably associated with water as it is very versatile in dissolving various
substances.
-UNIVERSAL SOLVENT

4. The water molecule is very stable, having + and – ends.

-TRUE

5. This specific process involves changing the state of water from liquid to gas.
-EVAPORATION

6. Water can act as an acid and/or base.

-TRUE

7. A water molecule being formed through HYDROGEN bond

8. About 50% of the earth is covered by water.

-FALSE

9. Water is a chemical compound that consists of one hydrogen atom and two oxygen
atoms.
-FALSE

10. Water is known to be as nonpolar.

-FALSE
POST QUIZ WATER AND ITS PROPERTIES
1. What specific physical state of water is illustrated?

-LIQUID

2. __________ is a force present within the surface layer of a liquid that causes the layer to
behave as an elastic sheet.
-SURFACE TENSION

3. What specific property of water is being illustrated?

-ADHESION

4. All of the following are properties of water, except:

-LOW SPECIFIC HEAT

5. The bond that exists between water molecules.

-HYDROGEN BOND
6. Covalent bonding is the bond being formed when water molecules tend to interact with
other water molecules and polar substances.
-FALSE

7. The process by which water changes from gas to solid state and never to liquid state:
-FROSTING

8. The water molecule is very stable, having + and – ends.

The polarity of water has a minimal impact on its properties.
-ONLY SECOND STATEMENT IS INCORRECT

9. Water is characterized as amphoteric mainly because ______________.

-WATER ACTS AS AN ACID AND A BASE.

10. The gas state of water shows semi-ordered or somewhat intact molecular structure.
-FALSE

11. ______ of a fetus’ body constitutes water.

-100%

12. Amount of heat that must be absorbed or expended to change the temperature of one
gram of a substance is _______.
-1 DEGREES CELSIUS

13. The physical state of water evidently seen at 90֯ Celsius:

-LIQUID

14. A water property brought about by strong adhesive and cohesive forces.
-CAPILLARY ACTION

15. Marine life is possible because water allows light to pass through.
-TRANSPARENT

16. Water in the oceans don’t freeze, making it possible to sustain marine life.
-DENSITY

17. Water can act as acid or base.

-AMPHOTERIC
18. Water can dissolve many and various substances.
-UNIVERSAL SOLVENT
 19. Water is a poor heat conductor. That is, water takes longer to heat up and to cool down.
-HIGH SPECIFIC HEAT

20. Water forms hydrogen bonding with other molecules of water.

-COHESION

21. This property causes water that is present on the body to act as a heat buffer
-HIGH SPECIFIC HEAT

22. This property of water allows water to rise against gravity from bottom to top.
-CAPILLARY ACTION

23. Water adheres to various substances through hydrogen bonding.

-ADHESION

24. The unique arrangement of atoms within a water molecule is the one responsible for the
different properties of water in sustaining life, remarkably, the molecule has a linear
structure.
-FALSE

25. The bond that exists in molecules of water.

-COVALENT BOND

PREQUIZ ACID AND BASES

1. These are chemical systems with the capability to resist pH changes.
-BUFFER SYSTEMS

2. Bicarbonate concentration is being regulated by the _______

-KIDNEYS

3. In Arrhenius’ definition, ______________ is a substance increasing the concentration of

hydroxyl ion when dissolved in water.
-BASES

4. Identify:
Primary cause: Bicarbonate retention
Organ defective: Kidneys
Primary compensation: Hypoventilation
-METABOLIC ALKALOSIS
 5. What equation is being utilized in stating the relationship of pH and buffer?
-HENDERSON–HASSELBALCH

6. The negative log of H.

-pH

7. Metabolic acid-base disorders primarily involve the liver.

-FALSE

8. Kidneys provide slower and incomplete acid-base balance compensation.

-FALSE

9. The pH of the plasma is affected by respiratory control, but not with renal control.
-FALSE

10. The most important intracellular buffer system.

-HEMOGLOBIN SYSTEM

11. A/An __________ is a molecule that accepts a pair of electrons to form a covalent bond.
-ACID

12. Compensation is the process by which the body attempts to restore the acid-base balance.
-TRUE

13. The bicarbonate level is directly proportional to that of the pH level in the body.
-TRUE

14. According to Bronsted and Lowry's definition, an acid is a substance that accepts a
proton in a reaction.
-FALSE

15. Identify:
Primary cause: Hypoventilation
Organ defective: Lungs
Primary compensation: Increase bicarbonate retention
-RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS

POST QUIZ pH SCALE

1. Calculate the pH, pOH, and H+ of the solution if the OH- is 1 x 10-7 M. What will be the
nature of the solution?
-pH=7.0; pOH=7.0; H+= 1 x 10-7 M (NEUTRAL)
 2. Calculate the pH, [OH-], and pOH of a solution whose H+ is 2x10-8 M at 25 degrees
Celsius. What will be the nature of this solution?
-pH=7.70; OH= 5.01x10-7 M; pOH= 6.3 (BASIC)

3. Calculate the OH-, pH, and pOH of the solution whose H+ is 2 x 10-4 M at 25 degrees
Celsius. What is the nature of the solution?
-pH= 3.70; pOH= 10.3; OH-= 5.01 x 10-11 M (ACIDIC)

4. Calculate the H+, OH-, and pH of the solution whose pOH is 6.8 at 25 degrees Celsius.
What will be the nature of the solution?
-H+= 6.31 x 10-8 M; OH-= 1.58 x 10-7 M; pH= 7.2 (BASIC)

5. Calculate the H+, OH-, and pOH of the solution whose pH is 12.3 at 25 degrees Celsius.
What will be the nature of the solution?
-H+= 5.01 x 10-13 M; OH-= 0.02 M; pOH= 1.7 (BASIC)

POST QUIZ REVIEW OF BUFFERS, ACIDOSIS, AND ALKALOSIS

1. It is being regarded as the most important and effective buffer system of the plasma.
-BICARBONATE-CARBONIC ACID SYSTEM

2. Increased HCO3 and normal pCO2

-METABOLIC ALKALOSIS

3. As the B/A ratio of the buffer decreases, the value of pH decreases.

-TRUE

4. In Henderson-Hasselbalch equation, the value of carbonic acid can be derived using the
formula ___________.
-pCO2 x 0.0307

5. When buffer acts, the weak acid ionizes completely, while the salt ionizes reversibly.
-FALSE

6. This is the challenge of the body to restore acid-base homeostasis.

-COMPENSATION

7. Match the following acid-base parameters to their respective normal values in the body.
Total carbon dioxide - 23-27 mmol/L

Partial pressure of oxygen - 75-100 mmHg

 Bicarbonate-calculated - 22-26 mmol/L

Negative log of H+ - 7.35-7.45

Partial pressure or tension of carbon dioxide in blood - 35-45 mmHg

8. Lungs provide an initial response to an acid-base balance abnormality, as it also gives

complete compensation response.
Kidneys provide slower response to an acid-base balance malfunction, as it also gives
incomplete compensation response.
-BOTH STATEMENTS ARE INCORRECT

9. The dissociation of water to H3O and OH is an example of a complete ionization

reaction.
-FALSE

10. Respiratory acidosis:

-The organ affected is lungs and the primary cause is hypoventilation, as it will be
compensated through the reclamation of bicarbonate.

11. Bicarbonate concentration, if its value is not directly given, one can calculate this
parameter using ______________.
-Total CO2 - H2CO3

12. What is the enzyme primarily responsible in catalyzing the bicarbonate reabsorption and
hydrogen ion secretion?
-CARBONIC ANHYDRASE

13. Weak acids has the tendency to slightly donate their protons to a water molecule.
Its ionization is notably to be expressed as complete.
-ONLY SECOND STATEMENT IS INCORRECT.

14. Data on the different parameters for blood gas analysis are not considerably important
during life threatening cases of patients.
-FALSE

15. Match the following buffer systems' characteristics correctly.

The most important intracellular buffer system
- HEMOGLOBIN BUFFER SYSTEM
 Changes in the partial pressure of carbon dioxide modify the rate of ventilation.
-BICARBONATE-CARBONIC ACID SYSTEM

Net negative charged molecules have the capability to bind with the Hydrogen ions.
-PLASMA PROTEIN SYSTEM

Primarily involved in the exchange of sodium in the urine Hydrogen ion filtrate.
-PHOSPHATE SYSTEM

16. Regulates the pH level through retention or excretion of carbon dioxide by changing the
rate of ventilation.
-LUNGS

17. Ka
-THE EQUILIBRIUM CONSTANT FOR THE IONIZATION OF ACID.

18. At 30 degrees Celsius, the value of the ion constant of water is 1 x 10-14 .
-FALSE

19. All of the following are factors affecting the shift of oxygen dissociation curve to the left,
EXCEPT:
-INCREASE HYDROGEN

20. In metabolic acidosis, partial pressure of carbon dioxide level is __________.

-NORMAL

21. ________________ increases the release of oxygen from Hb and favor oxygen delivery
to the cells.
-SHIFT TO THE RIGHT

22. Hemoglobin is made up of four protein subunits which contain the ferric ions.
-FALSE

23. The acid-base homeostasis is affected and regulated by two variables, the respiratory and
metabolic control.
-TRUE

24. Normal ratio of carbonic acid to bicarbonate:

-1:20

25. What is the relationship between the pka value to that of an acid substance?
 -THE LOWER THE PKA, THE STRONGER THE ACID.

26. This is the result of excessive elimination of carbon dioxide in the lungs:
-RESPIRATORY ALKALOSIS

27. The organ which is responsible primarily in the reclamation of bicarbonate.

-KIDNEYS

28. Which of the following is false of metabolic alkalosis?

-BOTH (Primary cause is increase in pCO2, the organ affected is lungs)

29. The bicarbonate reabsorption and hydrogen ion secretion is an example of a complete
ionizing reaction.
-FALSE

30. Considering H2SO4, this compound has _______ H3O and ________ OH-.
-HIGH, LOW

31. In conjugate acid-base pairs, the members of the reaction can be formed from each other
by the gain or loss of ___________.
-PROTONS

32. Base is a molecule with the ability to give a pair of electrons to form covalent bond.
-LEWIS’ DEFINITION

33. The relationship of carbon dioxide to the pH level of the body.

-INVERSE

PRE QUIZ AMINO ACIDS

1. Amino acids are made up of amino, carboxyl, and side chain groups.
-TRUE

2. Non-essential amino acids are the standard amino acids needed for protein synthesis and
must be obtained from dietary sources.
-FALSE

3. Amino acids are polymeric substances that are responsible in building up proteins.
-FALSE

4. Amino acids that are found normally on the body are denoted as beta-amino acids since
the amino group and carboxyl group are attached to the beta-carbon.
 -FALSE

5. The side chain of amino acid determines their uniqueness from the other amino acids.
-TRUE

6. There are eleven essential amino acids that are known to be as nutritional requirement of
an individual to sustain life.
-FALSE

7. As organic compounds, amino acids can display molecular chirality.

-TRUE

8. There are more than 700 standard amino acids present in our body that are responsible for
protein synthesis.
-FALSE

9. Alanine is the simplest of all the amino acids as its side chain group only contains
Hydrogen atom.
-FALSE

10. All amino acids can attract water soluble as they can form hydrogen bonds with water.