saqarTvelos Tavdacvis saministro

saqarTvelos SeiaraRebuli Zalebis gaerTianebuli Stabi

J7 samxedro ganaTlebisa da sabrZolo momzadebis
departamenti

ssip iv. javaxiSvilis istoriisa da

eTnologiis instituti

caca CxartiSvili

generali giorgi mazniaSvili

meomris biblioTeka #20

წიგნის ელექტრონული ვერსია

მოამზადა საიტმა: www.ChiaturaINFO.GE

Tbilisi
2008
 Tqvens winaSea axali seriis ,,meomris biblioTekis~ meoce wigni; seria
iTvaliswinebs wignebis mTel wyebas, romlebSic popularulad iqneba gadmocemuli
saqarTvelosa da msoflio istoriis yvelaze saintereso da mniSvnelovani movlenebi.
seriis mizania qarTveli meomris da imedia, ara marto misi, patriotuli aRzrda
da codnis miwodeba misaReb formebSi. seriaSi gaTvaliswinebulia popularuli,
magram maRal profesionalur doneze dawerili saxelmZRvaneloebi; es patara, magram
tevadi da kargad gaformebuli broSurebi mieZRvneba qarTvelTa udides mefe daviTs,
Tamars, giorgi brwyinvales, bagrat III-s, saqarTveloSi warmoebul mTavar da
gadamwyvet brZolebs, XIX_XX ss-is gamoCenil qarTvel oficrebs, saqarTvelosa
da msoflio samxedro istoriis calkeul sakiTxebsa da a.S.
seriis gamocemis iniciatorebi arian iv. javaxiSvilis istoriisa da eTnologiis
instituti da saqarTvelos Tavdacvis saministro.
didi survili da imedi gvaqvs, rom meomarTa da oficerTa garda, saqarTvelos
yoveli moqalaqe siamovnebiT miiRebs am seriis yovel axal wigns.
seriis garekanze moTavsebuli warwera da didi daviTi yvelas Seaxsenebs, rom
brZola saqarTvelosTvis dResac grZeldeba.

vaJa kiknaZe

seriis saredaqcio kolegia: istoriis mecnierebaTa

doqtori, profesori vaJa kiknaZe

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recenzenti: istoriis mecnierebaTa

doqtori, profesori dodo WumburiZe

kompiuteruli uzrunvelyofa: Lleila xurcia

ydis dizaini: giorgi kiknaZe

redaqtori: nargiz xarabaZe

teqnikuri redaqtori: mari WoniSvili

damtkicebuli da samoqmedod SemoRebulia saqarTvelos SeiaraRebuli Zalebis

gaerTianebuli Stabis J7 samxedro ganaTlebisa da sabrZolo departamentis ufrosis
_ polkovnik nodar qviliTaias mier

saqarTvelos SeiaraRebuli Zalebis gaerTianebuli Stabis

topografiuli sammarTvelos stamba. 2008 w.
q. Tbilisi, general kvinitaZis q. #20
tel.: +995 32 91-19-83
faqsi: +995 32 91-19-83

2
 giorgi mazniaSvilis cxovreba da moRvaweoba samSoblosadmi uangaro
samsaxuris saukeTeso magaliTia. man samarTlianad daimkvidra adgili
samSoblos saxelovan gmirTa galereaSi.
qeduxreli generlis cxovrebisa da moRvaweobis amsaxveli saarqivo
masalebi, samwuxarod STanTqa omisa da ganukiTxaobis xanZarma, ris
gamoc, saqarTvelos arqivsacavSi metad mwiri cnobebia daculi general
giorgi mazniaSvilis Sesaxeb, Tumca yuradsaRebia guram Sengelias da
Teimuraz zurmuxtaSvilis wigni `me saqarTvelos generali var~.
naSromSi gaSuqebulia giorgi mazniaSvilis erovnul-patriotuli
moRvaweoba, naCvenebia misi damsaxureba qarTuli jaris mSeneblobaSi,
samSoblos teritoriuli mTlianobis dacvisa da saxelmwifoebrivi
damoukideblobisaTvis brZolaSi. generlis cxovrebasa da moRvaweobas
zogadad Seexnen qarTveli mwerlebi da Jurnalistebi. migvaCnia, rom
umTavres wyaros giorgi mazniaSvilis cxovrebisa da moRvaweobis Sesaxeb
mainc misi `mogonebani~ warmoadgens.
giorgi mazniaSvilis `mogonebani~ gvaxsenebs 1917-1925 wlebis
krizisul movlenebs. mkacr erovnul gansacdels, am periodSi Cvenma
mravaltanjulma xalxma rom gamoiara. wigni pirvelad gamoqveynda 1926
wels.
giorgi mazniaSvili daibada 1870 wels, sofel sasireTSi (kaspis
raioni) glexis ojaxSi. arsebobs versia misi araqarTuli warmoSobis
Sesaxeb.
TeZamis xevze samxedro cxenosanTa polki mdgara. erTi axalgazrda,
gvarad maznievi, demobilizaciis Semdeg samSobloSi aRar dabrunebula;
sasireTSi glurjiZeebis ojaxSi CasiZebula. am versiis mixedviT, misi
qarTuli modgmac aqedan modis.
generlis vaJiSvilic dainteresebula TavianTi gvaris warmoSobiT.
igi mivlinebiT ukrainis erT sofelSi moxvda, sadac mosaxleobis
umetesoba maznievebi aRmoCndnen da borismac isini Tavis winaprebad
miiCnia.
giorgi mazniaSvilis mama _ vano (ivane) tipiuri qarTveli glexi
iyo, rom ityvian, erTi Reri rusuli ar icoda. arc ivanes mamas scodnia
rusuli. isic sasireTSi yofila dabadebuli da gazrdili.
giorgi aRnagobiT saSualoze cota ufro dabali yofila.
Savgvremani, SavTvlwarbiT, Cafskvnili. mamamisi ivane, ocnebobda Svili
samxedro oficeri gamosuliyo. mezoblebSi, naTesavebSi kapik-kapik
sesxulobda fuls da ase Segrovili TanxiT mouxerxebia Svili kadetTa
korpusSi* Seeyvana saswavleblad.
giorgi SemdgomSi saxelganTqmuli generali gaxda. igi sicocxles
ar zogavda demokratiuli saqarTvelos ganmtkicebisaTvis.

3
 saqarTveloSi me-11 armiis Semosvlis Semdeg, generals arsad
umuSavia, sofelSi cxovrobda da Tavis mamulSi trialebda, zamTrobiT
ramodenime TviT Tu Cavidoda TbilisSi.
Zalian uyvarda sofeli, iqauri xalxi, dReniadag maTTan iyo, mamuls
efereboda, uyvardaT sasirelebsac. generali sul imis cdaSi iyo,
sofels gamodgomoda, soflisaTvis sikeTe moetana, raime ergo,
daxmareboda.
mdinare mtkvari Suaze yofs sasireTis mindvrebs. xalxs foniT
uxdeboda gaRma gasvla, rac did safrTxesTan iyo dakavSirebuli.
ramdenjerme adidebul mtkvars uremi gadaubrunebia da meurme dauxrCvia.
es ambavi Zlier awuxebda sofels, sanam generalma gamosavali ar ipova:
TbilisSi wavida, qveyana SesZra, bornis jaWvi iSovna, sasireTSi
Camoitana da mtkvarze borani aago, xalxma amoisunTqa, Sveba igrZno.
sofels sasmeli wyali ar gaaCnda. wyaro Zalian moSorebiT iyo, amitom
soflis mosaxleoba TeZamis wyals svamda. magram roca wvima iyo, TeZami
ise imRvreoda, arc dasalevad da arc gasarecxad aRar vargoda. es
Wiric moaSora generalma sofels. axalqalaqSi Tixis milebi
Camoasxmevina da sofelSi Camoitana. xalxis sixaruls sazRvari ar
hqonda, magram xanmokle gamodga es sixaruli. xexilis fesvebma milebi
daxeTqa da wyali aRar gaatara. generalma kvlav Tbiliss miaSura.
rkinis milebi Camoitana da erTxel da samudamod mouRo bolo soflis
gasaWirs.
sofels skolac ar hqonda. mTel sofelSi erTma-orma kacma Tu
icoda wera-kiTxva. mazniaSvilma ixmo glexoba da gamoucxada: skola
unda avaSenoT Tqveni SvilebisaTvis. TeZamze riyis qva bevria, urmebi
yvelas gaqvT, momizideT da aSenebis xarji Cemi iqnebao. male oTxwliani
skola gaixsna sasireTSi. barnabianT karidan cnobili pedagogi lavrenti
barnabiSvili moiwvia da skolas saTaveSi Cauyena. am skolam bevr
axalgazrdas gauxsna xel-fexi da aziara ganaTlebas.
general giorgi mazniaSvils sofelSi eklesiac auSenebia da
Tbilisidan mowveuli mxatvrisTvis mouxatinebia.
generali bunebiT keTili kaci yofila: didTan _ didi, patarasTan _
patara, uyvarda axalgazrdoba. yvelasadmi pativiscemis grZnobiT yofila
gamsWvaluli. generali mazniaSvili guluxvi pirovnebac iyo. Zalian
xSirad asaCuqrebda Tanasoflelebs. xSirad glexebTan qeifobda, magram
mTvrali aravis unaxavs.
giorgoba dRes sofels patiJebda eklesiis ezoSi da saRamos
agizgizebul cecxlTan ikribebodnen. is yovelTvis Tavis
Tanasoflelebis gverdiT iyo. generlis kacTmoyvareobaze isic
metyvelebs, rom man ruseT-iaponiis omis dros CineTidan ltolvili
biWi Seifara, Camoiyvana Tavis sofelSi, daarqva qarTuli saxeli _

4
tuxa. gvaric Cinurs miamsgavsa, `jujanqaia~ uwoda. SerTo qarTveli
qali da amiT safuZveli daudo Cinur-qarTul modgmas.
mwerali elizbar maisuraZe, romelic generlis naTluli iyo,
kargad icnobda generlis ojaxs, mis Svilebs. Tavis mogonebebSi igi
wers: `misi SuaTana vaJi vanoc daxvrites. misi `danaSauli~ is gaxldaT,
rom mazniaSvilis vaJi iyo. umcrosma borisma ki Tavs uSvela, baqoSi
gadaixvewa. Semdeg igi TbilisSi dabrunda da poet ioseb noneSvilis
daxmarebiT daibruna mamiseuli saxli. im quCaze, romelsac axla giorgi
mazniaSvilis saxeli ewodeba, misi STamomavlebi binadroben da am saxlSi
saTuTad inaxaven cnobili mxedarTmTavris memorialur nivTebs.
generals kidev erTi qaliSvili darCa _ aneta, romelic daqorwinda
da TbilisSi dasaxlda. anetas meuRle rusi hyavda, romelsac male
gaSorda. darCa erTi vaJiSvili, romelic miliciaSi wauyvaniaT da iq
cemisagan SemokvdomiaT. meoredac gaTxovda aneta, SeeZina ori vaJi,
magram isinic Wabukobis periodSi gardaicvalnen.
giorgi mazniaSvili damoukideblobis wlebSi Semomvleli razmis
ufrosic iyo, diviziisac, garnizonisac, Savi zRvis sanapiroebis
jarebisac, Tbilisisa da misi raionis sardalic da soRanluRis raionis
jarebisac, Tbilisisa da misi midamoebis, afxazeTis, axalcixisa da
axalqalaqis mazrebis general-gubernatoric. mTels saqarTveloSi
uwevda triali da warmatebiT ebrZoda osmalebsac, somxebsac,
bolSevikebsac, vinc saxelmwifoebriv sazRvrebs arRvevda... meTerTmete
armiis winaaRmdegac mouxda brZola da imaTac sakmao warmatebiT
gaumklavda.
generali mazniaSvili, rogorc profesionali samxedro, ruseTis
imperiaSi erT-erTi saukeTeso mxedarTmTavari iyo, mas Tavi usaxelebia
ruseT-iaponiis omSi. lazareTSi myofi daWrili generali piradad
imperatorma nikoloz meorem inaxula da gamoCenili mamacobisaTvis
wmida giorgis jvriT daajildova. 1917 wlis Tebervlis revoluciis
Semdeg generali samSobloSi brundeba da TanamoazreebTan erTad iwyebs
energiul muSaobas qarTuli jaris Sesaqmnelad.
samSobloSi dabrunebuli qarTveli samxedro inteligencia
realurad afasebda Tebervlis revoluciis Semdeg imperiaSi Seqmnil
rTul politikur viTarebas, grZnobda samSoblosaTvis sanukvari
damoukideblobis aRdgenis momentis moaxloebas da yvelafers akeTebda
erovnuli SeiaraRebuli Zalebis, rac SeiZleba umokles vadebSi
Sesaqmnelad. giorgi, `mogonebebSi~ gviambobs arsebul situaciaze: `me
Camovedi tfilisSi 1917 wels 20 seqtembers dasavleTis frontidan.
CemTan erTad Camovida 60-mde qarTveli oficeri da jariskaci. Cven Tavs
mxned da imedianad vgrZnobdiT, erovnuli samxedro nawilebis Sedgenaze
vamyarebdiT did imedebs. me darwmunebuli viyavi, rom am nawilebis
Sedgenas ukve Seudgnen CvenSi da velodi, rom dRe-dReze mimiwvevdnen

5
samsaxurSi. magram aRmoCnda, rom saqme ise ar iyo rogorc movelodi.
tfilisSi am dros arsebobda jer kidev amierkavkasiis sagangebo
komiteti, romelic Sesdgeboda komisrisagan. xolo armias saTaveSi udga
kavkasiis frontis mTavari sardali Tavisi StabiT da kavkasiis samxedro
olqi~.
generali gulistkiviliT aRniSnavs, rom araviTari erovnuli
samxedro nawili ar arsebobda. iyo ori qarTuli legioni, erTi qveiTi
da erTic cxenosani.
oqtomberSi frontidan dabrunda orive qarTuli legioni, xolo
quTaisSi Sedga saTadarigo qarTuli aTaseuli. ai, es nawilebi gaxda
safuZveli qarTuli armiis Seqmnisa, aRniSnavs generali.
igi gulistkiviliT igonebda: `qarTuli jarebis Sesadgenad pirobebi
ver iyo kargi. rogorc kavkasiis armiaSi, ise kavkasiis olqis StabebSi.
grZnobdnen, rom dRe-dReze unda daSliliyo maTi jarebi da amitom am
saqmes nakleb yuradRebas aqcevdnen. jariskacebi samsaxuris magivrad
dadiodnen mitingebze, qeifobdnen da pirad saqmeebs awyobdnen. yazarmebSi
dadiodnen mxolod dasaZineblad. kavkasiis armiis uzarmazari sawyobebi,
romlebic savse iyo mraval milioniani qonebiT, TiTqmis udarajod iyo
datovebuli. cxenebi mravlad ixoceboda SimSiliT, radgan sakvebs,
romelsac iZleoda samxedro sammarTvelo, jariskacebi hyiddnen bazarze.
frontidan dabrunebul dezertirebs ufro meti areuloba SehqondaT
jariskacebSi. isini aramc Tu TviTon ufrosebs, qalaqis miliciasac ki
ar emorCilebodnen. axlad Semdgari erovnuli nawilebi erTmaneTs
ejibrebodnen, vin ufro met wils igdebda xelSi saxelmwifos qonebidan.
oficerTa Semadgenlobac ver idga sasurvel simaRleze. rom hxedavdnen,
garSemo yvelaferi rogor ingreoda, TviTonac acdnen keTil gzas, xolo
ufro Segnebuli da gamocdili oficrebi, xelisuflebis uZlurebis
gamo, TviTonac uZlurni iyvnen da ar icodnen, ranairad eSvelaT
saqarTvelosaTvis da moespoT ubedureba, romelic dRiTi-dRe
izrdeboda~.
sayuradReboa is garemoeba, rom qarTvel oficerTa Semadgenloba
imdenad didi iyo, rom is eyofoda erT ki ara, sam korpuss. oficers
sazogadod arafrisa da aravisi ar eSinoda. jamagiri metad mcire iyo.
isic ramodenime TveSi erTxel. iaraRi, aRkazmuloba da mTavari
sursaTis maragi sawyobebSi imdeni iyo, rom SesaZlebeli iyo Tund 50
aTasi kacis SeiaraReba, aRkazmva da gamokveba aTi wlis ganmavlobaSi.
saWiro iyo mxolod jariskacebi, romelTa gamowvrTna SesaZlebeli iyo
ori-sami Tavi ganmavlobaSi, Tu mTavroba am saqmes guliT moekideboda
da saWiro daxmarebas gauwevda, wers giorgi mazniaSvili. magram
menSevikuri mTavroba, qarTuli armiis Sedgenas gulgrilad uyurebda da
jarisken mxolod maSin miixedavda, rodesac gaWirveba daadgeboda,
danarCen dros ki igi miSvebuli iyo Tavis nebaze. yovelive amas kargad

6
xedavda samSobloSi dabrunebuli generali mazniaSvili da yvelafers
akeTebda qarTuli SeiaraRebuli Zalebis Camosayalibeblad. saTanadod
gawvrTnili erovnuli armiis Seqmna general mazniaSvils qarTuli
saxelmwifos arsebobis garantad miaCnda. patriot generals am
mniSvnelovani problemis gadawyvetis dros mxarSi edgnen ruseTis
yofili imperiis armiis generalitetis gamoCenili warmomadgenlebi,
qarTveli generlebi: odiSeliZe**, gabaSvili**, andronikaSvili**, imnaZe**,
gedevaniSvili** da mravali sxva. generali giorgi mazniaSvili samxedro
saqmis brwyinvale profesionali, gamoirCeoda simarTliTa da
gambedaobiT. generali giorgi kvinitaZe** sagangebod aRniSnavda:
`generali mazniaSvili mamaci kacia, ramdenjer minaxavs tyviebis zuzunSi
da gadaWriT SemiZlia Tqma, rom arasasurvel viTarebaSic ki mamacia,
swored esaa misi nakli _ moWarbebuli simamace; xSirad gadadebda
xolme Tavs... SeiZleboda Tavi waego da xelidan gamogvcloda iseTi
kaci, romlis dakargvac did zians mogvitanda~.
general mazniaSvilis dauRalavi muSaobis Sedegad SesaZlebeli
gaxda qarTveli axalgazrdobis mizidva qarTul jarSi. samSobloSi
dabrunebul qarTvel oficerTa TanadgomiT man Tavi mouyara 16 wlidan
20 wlamde axalgazrdebs da safuZveli Cauyara meore qarTul divizias.
TviTmpyrobelobis damxobam niadagi moamzada qarTuli
saxelmwifoebriobis aRsadgenad, Tumca qarTuli erovnuli saxelmwifos
aRdgena uceb ar momxdara. 1917 wlis 9 martidan 15 noembramde
arsebobda droebiTi mTavrobis mier daniSnuli gansakuTrebuli komiteti
(`ozakomi*~), romlis Tavmjdomare iyo rusi kadeti* xarlamovi.
qarTvelebidan `ozakomis~ wevrebi iyvnen: social-federalisti kita
abaSiZe, xolo Semdeg _ social-demokrati akaki Cxenkeli. 1917 wlis 15
noembridan gansakuTrebuli komiteti amierkavkasiis komisariatiT
Seicvala. misi Tavmjdomare gaxda social-demokrati evgeni gegeWkori.
1918 wlis 10 Tebervlidan komisariatTan erTad, dafuZnda amierkavkasiis
seimi*, romlis Tavmjdomared airCies social-demokrati nikoloz
(karlo) CxeiZe.
1918 wlis 26 maiss TbilisSi Sedga seimis ukanaskneli sxdoma.
amierkavkasiis federacia daSlilad gamocxadda.
saqarTvelom damoukidebloba gamoacxada.
qarTvelma xalxma xangrZlivi da mZime brZolebis Sedegad gadaagdo
ruseTis imperiis koloniuri uReli, daibruna dakarguli
saxelmwifoebrioba da daafuZna damoukidebeli suverenuli saxelmwifo
_ saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublika. erovnuli sabWos wevrebma
`saqarTvelos damoukideblobis aqti~ erTxmad miiRes. damtkicda
droebiTi mTavroba aseTi SemadgenlobiT: noe ramiSvili (social
demokrati) _ mTavrobis Tavmjdomare da Sinagan saqmeTa ministri, akaki
Cxenkeli (social-demokrati) _ sagareo saqmeTa ministri, grigol

7
giorgaZe (social-demokrati) _ samxedro ministri, giorgi Juruli
(erovnul-demokrati) _ finansTa da vaWroba-mrewvelobis ministri,
giorgi lasxiSvili (social-federalisti) _ ganaTlebis ministri, noe
xomeriki (social-demokrati) _ miwaTmoqmedebisa da Sromis ministri,
Salva mesxiSvili (social-federalisti) _ iusticiis ministri da ivane
lorTqifaniZe (social-revolucioneri) _ gzaTa ministri. aqve
aRvniSnavT, rom 1919 wlis 21 marts damfuZnebelma krebam daamtkica
saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis axali kabineti: mTavrobis
Tavmjdomare _ noe Jordania, sagareo saqmeTa da iusticiis ministri _
evgeni gegeWkori, Sinagan saqmeTa, saxalxo ganaTlebisa da samxedro
ministri _ noe ramiSvili, miwaTmoqmedebisa da Sromis ministri _ noe
xomeriki, finansTa da vaWroba-mrewvelobis ministri _ konstantine
kandelaki. yvela ministri social-demokratiuli partiis
warmomadgeneli iyo.
axali xelisuflebis erT-erTi upirveles amocanas Seadgenda zrunva
qarTuli jaris Sesaqmnelad. saqarTvelos parlamentis deputatTa
umravlesobas da mTavrobis wevrebs kargad esmodaT damoukidebeli
saxelmwifosaTvis armiis didi mniSvneloba. axali erovnuli jaris
pirveli nawili Seadgina orma qarTulma polkma, romelic Camoyalibda
ruseTis armiis SemadgenlobaSi pirveli msoflio omis dros, 1915-1916
wlebSi. 1918 wlis 2 ivliss saqarTvelos parlamentma miiRo kanoni
reorganizaciis Taobaze.
kanonis miRebis Semdeg, saxalxo gvardia gadaiqca saxelmwifoebriv
SeiaraRebul Zalad, romlis dafinanseba biujetidan xdeboda. 20
agvistos parlamentma daamtkica ZiriTadi debuleba `saqarTvelos
respublikis regularuli armiis organizaciis Sesaxeb~. axalgazrda
qarTul saxelmwifos ar gaaCnda sakmao saxsrebi mravalricxovani
SeiaraRebuli Zalebis Sesaqmnelad.
saqarTvelos mudmivi armiis Semadgenloba 30-40 aTas jariskacs ar
aRemateboda. 1918 wlis 20 agvistos miRebuli kanoni _ `saqarTvelos
respublikis regularuli armiis organizaciis Sesaxeb~, gansazRvravda
mudmivi jaris struqturas, calkeul saxeobaTa Semadgenlobas.
dasaxelebuli kanonis pirveli muxlis Tanaxmad, saqarTvelos
respublikis regularul jarSi Sedioda ori qveiTi divizia, sanapiro
jari, erTi sakavalerio brigada, erTi saartilerio brigada, mesangreTa
erTi batalioni, erTi saavtomobilo aseuli, javSnosani matareblis
erTi aseuli, erTi saaviacio gundi. erovnuli SeiaraRebuli Zalebis
Seqmna da gaZliereba moiazreboda saqarTvelos damoukideblobis
ganmtkicebis erT-erT umniSvnelovanes pirobad, rac SesaniSnavad esmoda
xelisuflebas, agreTve ruseTidan samSobloSi dabrunebul
patriotulad ganwyobil qarTvel samxedro inteligenciis
warmomadgenlebs, romlebic energiulad Seudgnen qarTuli jaris

8
Camoyalibebas. samSobloSi dabrunebuli giorgi mazniaSvili Tavs ar
zogavda samSoblos usafrTxoebis dasacavad. jer kidev 1917 wlis 19
noembers, qarTvel oficerTa daxmarebiT, erovnulma sabWom,
amierkavkasiis komisariatma da Tbilisis sabWom bolSevik jariskacTa
garnizons arsenali CamoarTves, dekemberSi ki, isic SeZles, rom
TurqeTis frontidan uwesrigod dabrunebul jariskacTa boboqari masa
Tbilisis gauvlelad gagzavnes ruseTSi da ase ixsnes amierkavkasiis
komisariati damxobisagan, xolo saqarTvelosa da amierkavkasiis
dedaqalaqi _ ruseTis armiis okupaciisagan. am didi safrTxis Tavidan
acilebis saqmeSi fasdaudebelia general giorgi mazniaSvilis
damsaxureba, romlis uSualo monawileobiT ganxorcielda Tbilisis
usafrTxoebis operacia.
generali mazniaSvili gamoirCeoda gambedaobiTa da simamaciT.
qarTvelTaTvis damaxasiaTebeli SemarTeba da mxedruli suli mas
genetikurad winaparTagan hqonda momadlebuli. aki sagangebod
miuTiTebda vaxuSti bagrationi qarTvelTa Seudarebel mxedrul
Tvisebebze. igi werda, rom qarTvelebi arian `mxneni, muSakni, WirTa
momTmenni, cxensa zeda da mxedrobaTa Sina kadnierni, mswraflni.
salaSqroTa Sina axovanni, amayni, laRni da saxelis maZiebelni...~
generali mazniaSvili Seudrekeli mxedruli sulis patrioti iyo.
misTvis SiSis grZnoba saerTod ucxo iyo. ibrZoda gmiruli SemarTebiT,
vaJkacurad da mamacobiT aRafrTovanebda TanamebrZolebs. igi yovelTvis
win miuZRoda qarTul mxedrobas, iRebda mtris pirvel dartymas da
elviseburi SeteviT SiSis zars scemda mowinaaRmdeges.
`mogonebebSi~ generali mazniaSvili sagangebod amaxvilebs
yuradRebas qarTveli axalgazrdobis sanimuSo samsaxurze qarTul
diviziaSi, aRniSnavs, rom axalgazrdoba mondomebiT da mxned eweoda
mxedrul samsaxurs. maT samSoblos dacva, erovnul armiaSi samsaxuri
patriotul da sapatio movaleobad miaCndaT.
jer kidev pirveli msoflio omis periodSi, imperiis armiaSi myofi
Cveni oficrebis umravlesoba mxars uWerda im qarTvel politikosebs da
politikur partiebs, romlebic aqtiur muSaobas eweodnen qarTvel
tyveTa gasaTavisufleblad, tyveebisagan erovnuli samxedro
formirebebis Sesaqmnelad. am patriotul saqmeSi qarTveli oficroba
garkveul warmatebebs aRwevda. zemoaRniSnulTan dakavSirebiT,
`saqarTvelos damoukideblobis komitetma~ specialuri `mowodeba~
Seadgina, romliTac mouwodebda qarTvel samxedro tyveebs qarTul
razmebSi gaerTianebisaken, germaniis jarebTan erTad ruseTis winaaRmdeg
brZolebSi monawileobis misaRebad. mowodebas, romlis saTauria
`qarTvelebo~, mivakvlieT centralur saistorio arqivSi. mowodeba
gauvrcelebiaT avstria-ungreTSi, ruseTis armiis tyveTa Soris.
mowodebaSi aRniSnulia: `... qarTvelebo, imis magier, rom xelSi

9
gveWiros rusuli maxvili da vemsaxuroT (maT) saxelmwifos _ Cveni da
mTeli kacobriobis mters - isargebleT SemTxveviT da CaewereT qarTul
razmebSi... SesaZloa Tqven gawuxebT fici, romelic mieciT rus
imperators, magram TviT rusi imperatorebi arian ficis gamtexni.
saqarTvelosTan 1783 wlis traqtatis damrRvevni, saqarTvelos
politikuri saxelis wamSlelni... Cven, rogorc saxelmwifo, vebrZviT
ruseTs da mogiwodebT Tqvenc samSoblos erTguli samsaxurisaken.
Tqveni samSoblo saqarTveloa da ara ruseTi. gaumarjos Tavisufal,
damoukidebel, demokratiul saqarTvelos! gaumarjos qarTul
saxelmwifos, Zirs tiranebi, romlebmac gaapartaxes saqarTvelo
aswliani batonobis dros! dae, TiToeuli qarTveli iqces gmirad am
brZolaSi. sjobs samarcxvino sicocxles tyveobaSi, amjobinoT
mSobliur velze sikvdili!~
vfiqrobT, iseTi samagaliTo mamuliSvili, rogoric generali
mazniaSvili gaxldaT, sxva maRali rangis qarTvel oficrebTan erTad am
patriotul mowodebas gaiziarebda.
gamoCenil mxedarTmTavars, romelsac uricxv mterTan qarTveli
xalxis gmiruli brZolebi jerovnad hqonda Seswavlili da
gaanalizebuli, kargad hqonda SeTvisebuli qarTuli jaris dadebiTi da
uaryofiTi mxareebi, qarTveli meomris fsiqologia. generalma,
saqarTvelos omebis istoriidan SesaniSnavad icoda, rom qarTvelTa
warmateba brZolaSi damokidebuli iyo upiratesobis mopovebaze
pirvelive Setakebis dros, brZolis dasawyisSive.
qarTveli sardali did mniSvnelobas aniWebda da iTvaliswinebda
qarTvelTa mxedrul Tvisebebs da fsiqologias.
`mogonebebSi~ igi sagangebod aRniSnavda: `me kargad mqonda
Seswavlili fsiqologia qarTveli meomrebisa, kargad vicodi, rom Tu
gauZlebdi mtris pirvel ieriSs, Cemi jarebi ibrZolebdnen bolomde,
magram Tu pirvel SetakebisTanave Sedrkebodnen, maSin gameordeboda
Zveli istoria da iZulebul gavxdebodi damexia ukan da kvlav damewyo,
gafantuli jaris Segroveba~.
brest-litovskis xelSekrulebis ZaliT Turqebma daikaves qalaqi
baTumi, baTumis olqi, anu mTeli aWara. okupantebma ozurgeTamde
miaRwies. noe Jordanias davalebiT generalma mazniaSvilma didi muSaoba
gaswia Turqebis gasadevnad da teritoriuli mTlianobis aRsadgenad.
mxedarTmTavris ZalisxmeviT, male okupantebisagan gaTavisuflda guria
da aWara. fasdaudebelia general mazniaSvilis damsaxureba bolSevikebis
mosalodneli agresiisagan afxazeTis dacvis saqmeSi. unda aRiniSnos, rom
saqarTvelos erovnuli sabWos liderebi jer kidev damoukideblobis
gamocxadebamde Sexvdnen afxazTa saxalxo sabWos warmomadgenlebs.
mxareebi SeTanxmdnen, rom afxazeTi qarTuli saxelmwifos
SemadgenlobaSi miiRebda politikur avtonomias da centralur

10 წიგნის ელექტრონული ვერსია

მოამზადა საიტმა: www.ChiaturaINFO.GE
xelisuflebasTan erTad Seecdeboda aRdgeniliyo suverenuli uflebebi
gagris raionze, romelic ruseTma CamoaWra soxumis olqs da miuerTa
novorosiis gubernias. afxazeTSi momuSave bolSevikebma Seqmnes
SeiaraRebuli formireba, daixmares prosabWourad ganwyobili Crdilo
kavkasielebi da soxumSi sabWoTa xelisufleba gamoacxades. amoqmeddnen
afxazi separatistebic.
imis gamo, rom samSvidobo molaparakeba TurqeTTan uSedegod
dasrulda, saqarTvelos SeiaraRebuli Zalebi Setevaze gadavidnen. 1918
wlis 6 aprils, Camoyalibebis procesSi myofma qarTulma jarma,
ColoqTan brZolaSi daamarcxa Turqebi, romlebic baTumis aRebis Semdeg
mTeli dasavleT saqarTvelos dakavebas cdilobdnen. qarTuli jaris
sabrZolo operaciebs generali giorgi mazniaSvili xelmZRvanelobda.
aprilis Sua ricxvebSi generlis StabSi, sofel natanebSi mivida
afxazTa delegacia soxumidan da sTxova giorgi mazniaSvils, qalaqi
soxumi da mTeli afxazeTi gaewminda bolSevikebisagan. generalma afxazTa
delegacias, romlis SemadgenlobaSi Sedioda qalaqis Tavi da afxazeTis
erovnuli sabWos sami wevri, ganucxada, rom maTi Txovnis dakmayofileba
saqarTvelos mTavrobis kompetencias Seadgens. Semdeg, afxazi delegatebi
TbilisSi gaemgzavrnen centralur mTavrobasTan mosalaparakeblad.
mTavrobam general mazniaSvils daavala Tavisi jaridan gamoeyo calke
razmi da gaegzavna afxazeTSi bolSevikebis gansadevnad.
1918 wlis 16 ivniss generalTan kvlav mividnen afxazeTis erovnuli
sabWos delegatebi daxmarebis TxovniT, radgan bolSevikebi meored
SeiWrnen afxazeTSi. qarTveli generlis rCeviT, afxazTa delegacia isev
TbilisSi gaemgzavra saqarTvelos mTavrobasTan konsultaciebis
gasamarTavad. 18 ivniss generali mazniaSvili, mTavrobis
gadawyvetilebiT, dainiSna afxazeTis general-gubernatorad da Savi
zRvis sanapiro jarebis ufrosad. am daniSvniT qarTveli generali
respublikis Savi zRvis sanapiroze dislocirebuli sasazRvro Zalebis
sardlis Tanamdebobasac iTavsebda. dro ar iTmenda, saWiro iyo
gadamWreli zomebis miReba `wiTlebis~ gansadevnad. general mazniaSvilis
energiuli saqmianobis Sedegad, moxerxda ZalTa mobilizeba afxazeTis
gasaTavisufleblad bolSeviki agresorebisagan. generalma mazniaSvilma
brZoliT ganvlo soWis, tuafses raionebi. samurzayano ki general
gedevaniSvilis razmebma daikaves. 1918 wlis seqtemberSi afxazeTSi
aRdga saqarTvelos iurisdiqcia. am didma da mniSvnelovanma samxedro
gamarjvebebma, romelic moipova qarTulma jarma general giorgi
mazniaSvilis sardlobiT, saqarTvelos mTavroba gaaxara, Tumca noe
Jordaniam ucxoeTis saxelmwifoTa sayuradRebod gaakeTa sagangebo
gancxadeba, romelSic aRniSnuli iyo, rom teritoriebis SemoerTeba
saqarTvelos mTavrobis gegmaSi ar Sedis, saqarTvelos SeiaraRebuli
Zalebi tuafsemde qveynis dacvis, misi teritoriuli mTlianobis

11
SenarCunebis, bolSevikebisagan momdinare safrTxis Tavidan acilebis
saWiroebam miiyvana.
mTavrobis diplomaturi sifrTxile iyo is mizezi, rom qarTuli
jaris es warmatebuli laSqroba ar gaxmaurebula. mxolod 1918 wlis 4
oqtombers gamoqveynda gazeT `saqarTveloSi~ mcire informacia saTauriT
_ `Savi zRvis piris Cveni jaris brwyinvale gamarjvebis ambavi~. niko
TavdgiriZis mier soxumidan gagzavnili am korespodenciiT Seityo
qarTulma sazogadoebam general giorgi mazniaSvilis razmebis mier
Catarebuli samxedro operaciebis Sesaxeb.
`samarTlianoba moiTxovs aRiniSnos, _ wers avtori, _ rom am jarma
general mazniaSvilis mTavarsardlobiT da Cveni mamaci oficrebis:
Wkaduas, donduas, iaSvilis, gogitiZis, doliZis, anTaZis gabedulobis
meoxebiT Cvens xalxs aRudgina samxedro saqmeSi Zveleburi
sworupovrobis saxeli.~ korespodenti sinanuls gamoTqvamda imis gamo,
rom saqarTvelom da misma mTavrobam saTanadod ver daafasa yubanis
velze gaWrili qarTveli oficrebisa da jariskacebis gmiroba. aqve
aRvniSnavT, rom gamocdili generali yovelTvis igzavneboda yvelaze
`cxel wertilebSi~, iq, sadac samSoblos yvelaze metad uWirda.
mezobeli somxeTis qarTuli teritoriebisadmi usafuZvlo pretenziebis
gamo, or qveyanas Soris urTierToba ukiduresad daiZaba. somxeTis
mxridan mosalodneli omis dawyebasTan dakavSirebiT, Tbilisis
usafrTxoebis uzrunvelyofis mizniT, generali mazniaSvili 1918 wlis
oqtomberSi Tbilisis olqis general-gubernatorad iniSneba, 1918 wlis
dekemberSi ki _ somxeTis winaaRmdeg moqmedi jaris sardlad. qarTuli
jaris warmatebebi am omSi mniSvnelovanwilad ganapiroba general
mazniaSvilis uSualo xelmZRvanelobiT ganxorcielebulma samxedro
operaciebma.
somxebisaTvis ingliselTa garkveuli mxardaWeris gamo, somxeTTan
omSi miRweuli gamarjvebis SedegebiT, saqarTvelos faqtobrivad,
araferi Sematebia. mowinaaRmdegeTa jarebis daSoriSorebis sababiT
iqmneboda e. w. neitraluri zona, romelsac ingliselebi
akontrolebdnen. amis miuxedavad, gamarjvebis mniSvneloba mainc didia.
gamarjvebam dadebiTi muxti Semata qarTuli jaris sabrZolo
potencialis Semdgom gaZlierebas. aamaRla Cveni SeiaraRebuli Zalebis
sabrZolo suliskveTeba, daarwmuna agresori imaSi, rom qarTuli miwa-
wylis ZaliT mitacebis mcdeloba Zvirad daujdeboda. am gamarjvebis
suli da guli brZolebSi gamowrTobili sardali, gulmxurvale
mamuliSvili, generali giorgi mazniaSvili gaxldaT. amasobaSi
saxelmwifos seriozuli problemebi Seeqmna mesxeTSi.
saqarTvelos siZulviliT aRvsilma begebma* saswrafod Seqmnes
yarsSi e. w. `samxreT-dasavleT kavkasiis~ mTavroba da am saqmes erT-
erTi organizatori server-beg aTabagi, qoblianeli, jayeli** iyo. am

12
axlad Seqmnil `saxelmwifoSi~ unda gaerTianebuliyo yarsis, artaanisa
da baTumis olqebi, axalcixisa da axalqalaqis mazrebi. vin iyvnen
begebi? begebi iyvnen gamahmadianebuli qarTveli warCinebulebi, Tavadebi
da didmoxeleebi – omar-faik namin zade, axmed-beg fefenovi, server-beg
aTabagi, Temur ximSiaSvili**, baxri-beg erisTavi**, baxSi-beg maCabeli**,
musakievi**, yajari, maT gadaibires adgilobrivi qarTveli mahmadianebi,
SeaiaraRes da Seqmnes mozrdili bandebi. amis Semdeg, daerivnen TavianT
qristian Zmebs.
ruseTis siZulviliTa da panislamistur-panTurquli ideologiiT
dabrmavebuli qarTveli mahmadianebi TurqeTma qristian qarTvelebze
aamxedra. es iyo erTi didi tragedia saqarTvelosTvis.
aanalizebs ra momxdar faqts, Salva maRlakeliZe werilSi,
`nawyveti axlo warsulidan – mesxeTis garSemo~ wers, rom qarTveli
mahmadianebis CaTreva am saqmianobaSi imiT iyo gamowveuli, rom qarTvel
mahmadianebs ruseTi ezizRebodaT, xolo qarTuli erovnuli propaganda
mesxeTSi Zalian susti iyo. faqtiurad, arc ki arsebobdao – ambobs igi
da dasZens: `somxebi da mahmadianebi dapirispirebuli iyvnen da maT
Semrigebel rols qarTveloba TamaSobda, magram roca saqme qarTvelobas
exeboda, somxebi da mahmadianebi, SekavSirebulni, mis winaaRmdeg
ilaSqrebdnen. es movlena metad mniSvnelovani, damafiqrebeli da saSiSic
iyo, magram saqarTvelos damoukideblobis gamocxadebam da sakuTari
saxelmwifos Seqmnam, mahmadianTa guli Tbilisisaken moabruna da
saqarTvelos mTarobas rom saTanado da wesieri politika ewarmoebina am
mxareSi, Cven avcdebodiT mahmadianTa meore did ajanyebas (1919 w.),
romelic server-beg aTabagis xelmZRvanelobiT moxda~.
veTanxmebiT Salva maRlakeliZis daskvnas, igi savsebiT sworad
afasebs qarTvel mahmadianebTan dakavSirebul problemas, aqve davumatebT,
rom damoukidebeli saqarTvelos mTavrobis Secdomebi qarTveli
mahmadianebis mimarT, bolSevikurma mTavrobamac ganagrZo. Sedegebi yvelam
kargad viciT, mis savalalo nayofs dResac vimkiT.
1918 wlis dekemberSi, msoflio omis zegavleniT, osmaleTis
mdgomareobac Seicvala da is iZulebuli gaxda daecala mesxeTis
dakavebuli teritoriebi, 1918 wlis 4 dekembers general balo
mayaSvils** daevala qarTuli jari Seeyvana am mxareSi. magram sul male
1919 wlis 20 ianvars daiwyo mahmadianTa meore ajanyeba server-beg
aTabagis meTaurobiT. ajanyebulma begebma 21 ianvars general mayaSvils
ultimatumi wauyenes; romlis Tanaxmad, mas sam dReSi unda daecala
axalcixe; begebi generalma sakadrisi pasuxiT gaistumra. ajanyebis
dawyebamde ki server-begi awyurSi general mayaSvils estumra da
ganucxada, rom igi ar cnobs saqarTvelos mTavrobas da rom mas hyavs
sakuTari mTavroba, `samxreT-dasavleT kavkasiis teritoriis~ mTavrobis
saxiT. generalma mayaSvilma upasuxa, rom igi mxolod Tavisi mTavrobis

13
gankargulebebs asrulebs, ar scnobs araviTar axal xelisuflebas, ar
scnobs server-begs da man icis: osmalebma dacales axalcixe-axalqalaqi
saqarTvelosTvis gadasacemad.
samwuxarod, am ajanyebaSi TiTqmis yvela mahmadiani CaerTo da man
mTeli mxare moicva. daiwyo adgilobrivi qarTveli qristianebis xocva-
Jleta. ajanyebam aseulobiT adamianis sicocxle Seiwira. miuxedavad
general mayaSvilis mravalmxrivi RonisZiebebisa, ajanyebis SeCereba
SeuZlebeli gaxda, amis mizezi ki qarTveli jaris sisuste iyo.
qarTveli jari mravalwliani brZolebis Sedegad dasustebuli da
dauZlurebuli iyo da miuxedavad mayaSvilis mravali Txovnisa,
axalcixeSi gamoegzavnaT axali maSveli Zala, mTavrobam ver SeZlo
daekmayofilebina es samarTliani da sasicocxlo mniSvnelobis moTxovna.
saqmes arTulebda isic, rom ajanyebul mahmadianebs zurgs umagrebda
osmaleTi, romelic aSkarad da daufaravad exmareboda maT. miuxedavad
yovelive amisa, genarali balo mayaSvili aqtiurad ganagrZobda
axalcixis dacvas da osmalo oficer-instruqtorebis xelmZRvanelobiT
Semdgarma adgilobrivma mahmadianebis razmebma erTxelac ver SeZles
axalcixis dakaveba.
`30 ianvars (1919), ganTiadisas Cvenma jarma Seutia ajanyebulebs.
Seteva daiwyo sofel adigen-udisa da vale-wyalTbilas mimarTulebiT.
mTeli dRe moismoda zarbaznebisa da tyiamfrqveveyis ganuwyvetlivi xma.
SuadRisas ajanyebulTa 2-3 soflidan avarda kvamli. albaT Cvenma
zarbaznebma gauCines cecxli. uSendnen zarbaznebs sofel udis mxridan:
naTlad Cans, rom Cveni jari kargad win iyo SeWrili da amitom yvela
imeds gamoTqvamda, rom gamarjveba Cvens mxarezea da Ramec mSvidobianad
Caivlida~, werda imdroindeli presa. magram naCqarevi aRmoCnda es
sixaruli, mdgomareoba sawinaaRmdegod Setrialda, ajanyeba moedo mTel
mxares, begebma SeZles mTeli mahmadianuri mosaxleobis gadabireba, ris
gamoc, maTi Zalebi mkveTrad aRemateboda damcvelTa Zalebs.
renegatTa jgufi, romelSic avtoritetiTa da gavleniT gamoirCeoda
jayelTa gvaris degradirebuli STamomavali server-beg aTabagi, samcxe-
javaxeTis saqarTvelodan CamoSorebas lamobda. 1918 wels, saqarTvelos
damoukideblobis gamocxadebis Semdeg, server-begis TavmjdomareobiT
Seiqmna e. w. `musulmanuri mTavroba samxreT amierkavkasiisa~. aTabagTa
gadagvarebuli STamomavali, Tavdauzogavad `iRvwoda~ danarCeni
saqarTvelosagan samcxe-javaxeTis CamosaSoreblad. am `mTavrobam~
saqarTvelos xelisuflebas mimarTa notiT, romliTac iTxovda
saqarTvelos respublikisa da am TviTgamocxadebul `saxelmwifos~
Soris sazRvrebis dadgenas. am e. w. mTavrobam, romelic TurqeTis
miTiTebiT moqmedebda, 1918-1919 wlebSi moawyo SeiaraRebuli
gamosvlebi. sisxlismRvreli Setakebebi samTavrobo jarebsa da server-
begis bandebs Soris farTo masStabs iRebda sazRvrispira regionSi.

14
 Seqmnili mZime mdgomareoba sagangebod iqna ganxiluli respublikis
mTavrobis sxdomaze 1919 wlis 18 ianvars. `sxdomas eswrebodnen:
mTavrobis Tavmjdomare n. Jordania, ministrebi: ramiSvili, gegeWkori,
Juruli, lorTqifaniZe, giorgaZe. a) moismines: moxsenebani samxedro
ministrisa; b) axalcixis mazraSi respublikis sanapiro razmTan
Setakebis Sesaxeb. daadgines: dauyovnebliv iqnas miRebuli samxedro
uwyebis mier energiuli zomebi respublikis sazRvrebis dacvisa da
gamagrebisa~. bandituri gamosvlebi samcxe-javaxeTSi, romlebsac
xelmZRvanelobdnen erTi mxriv, TurqeTis mTavroba, xolo meore mxriv,
TeTrgvardielebi, realurad gaxldaT `renegati begebis SeTqmuleba
sakuTari xalxis winaaRmdeg,~ marTebulad miuTiTebs qarTuli
emigrantuli inteligenciis TvalsaCino warmomadgeneli, cnobili
mecnieri viqtor nozaZe.
server-begis moZraobas, romelic mimarTuli iyo saqarTvelos
winaaRmdeg, `SeeZlo didi safrTxe Seeqmna saqarTvelosaTvis, da amitom
qarTveli wreebi Seecadnen misTvis safuZveli gamoecalaT TviT xalxis
SemweobiT _ saqarTvelosaTvis propagandis gaweviT da 1 ianvars 1919
wels axalcixis glexTa yrilobam misalmeba gaugzavna saqarTvelos
mTavrobas da amasTanave mouwoda danarCen samuslimano saqarTvelos
Semdegi sityvebiT: `axla, rodesac saqarTvelos gauerTianda
musulmanuri saqarTvelos erTi nawili, axalcixisa da axalqalaqis
mazrebis saxiT, dadga sakiTxi danarCeni musulmanuri saqarTvelos:
aWaris, qobuleTis, ardaganis da SavSeTis ganTavisuflebis Sesaxeb...~
saWiro iyo gadamWreli zomebis miReba separatistulad ganwyobili
bandituri dajgufebebis asalagmavad. regionSi Seqmnil rTul
viTarebasTan dakavSirebiT, gaimarTa mTavrobis sagangebo sxdoma,
romelic Sedga 1919 wlis 30 ianvars. moismines: moxsenebani samxedro
ministrisa: a) axalcixisa da axalqalaqis mazrebSi samxedro wesebis
gamocxadebis Sesaxeb. daadgines: aRniSnuli mazrebis general-
gubernatorad dainiSnos generali mazniaSvili, romelsac daeqvemdebaros
yvela samxedro da samoqalaqo pirni da dawesebulebani zemoxsenebuli
raionebisa~. rogorc saarqivo dokumentidan Cans, general mazniaSvils am
sazRvrispira regionSi dislocirebuli sasazRvro Zalebic daeqvemdebara.
1919 wlis pirvel Tebervals frontis xazi axalcixes miuaxlovda
5-6 kilometriT, ris gamoc, qalaqis mosaxleoba SiSs moucavs. amave
dRes, qarTvelma mahmadianebmac xelSi aiRes iaraRi da ajanyebulTa
mxareze gadavidnen, daikaves abasTumani, daxoces qarTvelebi da gaaRes
gza zekarze. mahmadianur mosaxleobas saTaveSi adgilobrivi begebi
Caudgnen, magram maT zurgs aSkarad TurqeTi umagrebda. noe Jordanias
sityviT, server-begis gankargulebaSi iyo aTasi Turqi askeri*.

15
 axalcixidan wasvlisas, TurqeTis warmomadgenlebma adgilobriv
mahmadianebs dauriges uamravi iaraRi, tyvia-wamali. aseve, wvrTnidnen
mahmadianur mosaxleobas.
ajanyebulebs exmareboda baTumSi myofi ingliseli generali
uokkeri**, romelic ormag TamaSSi Caeba JordaniasTan da server-begTan.
qarTuli jaris warumateblobis gamo, axalcixe-axalqalaqis
general-gubernatori balo mayaSvili gadaayenes da mis nacvlad daniSnes
generali giorgi mazniaSvili.
2 Tebervals axalcixeSi Tavisi StabiT Camovida generali giorgi
mazniaSvili. imave dRes, man gamoacxada samxedro wesebi, saRamos 7
saaTis Semdeg qalaqSi siaruli aikrZala. ajanyebulebma ki sofel
aralSi darCenili qarTvelebi daxoces da gaZarcves qarTvel
kaTolikeTa eklesia.
general giorgi mazniaSvilis general-gubernatorad daniSvnas,
pirvel xanebSi, qarTuli jaris erTgvari warmateba mohyva. 9 Tebervals
axalcixis Crdilo-dasavleTiT qarTulma jarma daikava sofeli
CurCuto da zandos maRlobebi, romelic gadascqeris mTel qobliansa da
abasTumnis xeobas. amdenad, am adgilebs samxedro strategiuli
mniSvneloba hqonda. samwuxarod, ajanyebulTa Setevis gamo, qarTulma
jarma ver SeinarCuna es poziciebi da kvlav iZulebuli gaxda ukan
daexia. amave dros, qarTulma jarma ukan daixia vale-wyalTbilas
xazidanac da rabaTis (axalcixis) misadgomebTan, zandos maRlobebidan
wamosul jars SeuerTda.
generalma giorgi mazniaSvilma sworad Seafasa qarTuli jaris
warumateblobis mizezebi da mTavrobisagan daJinebiT moiTxova
axalcixeSi arsebuli jaris nawilebis gayvana da maT nacvlad axali,
amave dros, ricxobrivad meti da ufro brZolisunariani nawilebis
gamoyvana.
ajanyebis periodSi, roca qarTulma jarma ukan daxevis gamo datova
teritoriebi, qarTvel qristianTa mdgomareoba autaneli gaxda.
ajanyebulebma TiTqmis yvela qarTuli sofeli daarbies, gaZarcves,
aawiokes. isini moednen qristianul soflebs, ar indobdnen arafers,
asobiT adamiani daxoces, itacebdnen yvelafers, Semdeg ki wvavdnen maT
saxl-kars, qarTveli mosaxleoba masobrivad tovebda soflebs da
garboda qalaqSi. axalcixe gaivso ltolvilebiT, romlebsac ar gaaCndaT
cxovrebis elementaruli pirobebi. iyo sibinZure, SimSili, gaCnda
epidemia, romelmac mravali adamiani imsxverpla.
qarTuli jaris nawilebma, samwuxarod, uwesrigod daiwyes
poziciebidan axalcixisaken ukan daxeva. xelmZRvaneloba bevrs ecada,
magram panikaSi Cavardnili jariskacebis SeCereba SeuZlebeli gaxda.

16
 aseTi rTuli da gamouali situaciidan gamomdinare, gadawyvites
droebiT daetovebinaT axalcixe da ajanyebulTa mier dakavebuli
teritoria.
mosaxleobas Tavzari dasca qarTuli jaris mier axalcixis
datovebam. qarTveloba moicva panikam da SiSma. isini iZulebulni gaxdnen
mietovebinaT mSobliuri kera da jars gahyolodnen ukan.
am ambebis momswre zaqaria didimamiSvili, Tavis dRiurSi SeSfoTebas
gamoTqvams qarTuli jaris mier axalcixis datovebis gamo: `11
Tebervali (1919 w.). amis gagonebaze (igulisxmeba qarTuli jaris ukan
daxeva, c. C.), TiTiqmis mexi dagveca, atyda aliaqoTi; marTlac jari
ixevs borjomisaken, qarTvelebis wivil-kivils sazRvari ara aqvs, vinc
ra moaswro, mohkida xeli da jars gamoekida. binddeboda, mdgomareoba
jojoxeTuria, Cveni jari ise swrafad gavida axalcixidan, rom
rabaTelma qarTvelebma ar icodnen, saiT wasuliyvnen; saRamos 7 saaTia,
rabaTSi erTi mandilosani da bavSvi aRar aris. isini gaikrifnen qalaqis
gare nawilSi. bevri mamakaci gavida axal ubanSi da amnairad zogi
mamakaci darCa rabaTSi Tavisis qonebis da saxl-karis dasacavad. zogmac
RmerTis anabrad miatova kera da gahkurcxla~.
qarTuli jari gavida Tu ara, sapatimrodan gaTavisuflebuli
qurdebi daerivnen upatronod darCenil rabaTs, gaqurdes ramdenime
saxli, dedaTa saswavlebeli, daamtviries safeiqro dazgebi, waiRes
moswavleebis mier damzadebuli nivTebi; ris waRebac ver moaswres,
cecxli waukides. maT gaqurdes agreTve saxelmwifo sawyobebi da sxva.
Seqmnil viTarebasTan dakavSirebiT, 1919 wlis 11 Tebervals, RamiT
borjomSi movida mTavrobis Tavmjdomare noe Jordania da samxedro
ministri grigol giorgaZe, romlebmac moismines axalcixe-axalqalaqis
general-gubernatoris giorgi mazniaSvilis moxseneba ajanyebis
winaaRmdeg brZolis Sedegebis Sesaxeb. maT dasaxes RonisZiebani
ajanyebulTa winaaRmdeg brZolis gasaZliereblad.
magram am periodisaTvis, ukve yvelaferi uSedego iyo. ajanyebulebi
gamarjvebas zeimobdnen. qarTuli jari, romelmac droze ver miiRo
axali Sevseba, iZulebuli iyo daetovebina axalcixe. maSindel rTul da
daZabul situaciaSi, saqarTvelos mTavrobas ar SeeZlo damxmare
samxedro Zalebi mieSvelebina axalcixisaTvis. Tumca, situaciis amgvar
warmarTvaSi, mTavrobasac miuZRvis garkveuli wvlili.
general-gubernatori da jaris sardali giorgi mazniaSvili
gadaayenes da mis nacvlad generali giorgi kvinitaZe daniSnes.
sayuradReboa is faqti, rom mTavrobam, mowyobili ajanyebis
Semswavleli komisia server-begis xelmZRvanelobiT Seadgina da
axalcixeSi gaagzavna, xolo saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis
damfuZnebelma krebam 1919 wlis 4 aprils moismina am komisiis

17
Tavmjdomaris, gizo anjafariZis moxseneba. man mkafiod da naTlad
Camoayaliba ajanyebis gamomwvevi mizezebi:
1. jer kidev ruseTis batonobis droidan osmalebi samusulmano
saqarTveloSi farTod awarmoebdnen panislamur, panTurqul, antiqarTul
agitacias, aq moqmedebdnen osmaleTis emisrebi, didZali fuli
ixarjeboda imisTvis, rom osmaleTis sasargeblod niadagi
momzadebuliyo. osmaleTis mTavrobis politikis wyalobiT, cdilobdnen,
ar daeSvaT mahmadian qarTvelebSi qarTuli orientacia, panTurquli
agitacia gansakuTrebiT gamococxlda pirveli msoflio omis
dawyebisTanave. antiqarTul saqmianobaSi gansakuTrebiT gamoirCeodnen
baqos e. w. `muslimanTa saqvelmoqmedo sazogadoebis~ warmomadgenelni,
romlebic farTo muSaobas awarmoebdnen baTumsa da yarsis olqebSi,
axalcixis da axalqalaqis mazrebSi. es `moRvaweebi~ saqvelmoqmedo
muSaobis sababiT, aSkarad panTurqul da antiqarTul agitacias eweodnen.
am muSaobas meTaurobda kargad cnobili eqimi sulTanovi. axalcixisa da
axalqalaqis mazris ufrosebi aSkarad dadiodnen xalxSi da pirdapir
ajanyebisaken mouwodebdnen.
Tumca adgilobrivi qarTuli mahmadianoba gulgrilad ekideboda
aseT agitacias, magram maTze didi gavlena moaxdina zogierTma
gadagvarebulma elementma, kerZod, mahmadianma begebma – omar faikma
(yifiani), seimis yofilma wevrma axmed fefenovma (fifinaSvili), server-
beg aTabagma (jayeli), sxva adgilobrivma msxvilma memamuleebma.
2. g. anjafariZis azriT, begebze cudad imoqmeda agraruli reformis
gatarebam, romelic amierkavkasiis komisariatma wamoiwyo. am reformis
Sedegad, miwaTmflobelebs (begebs) CamoerTvaT didi raodenobiT qoneba,
maT Soris miwac, am faqtma begebi kidev ufro metad gaaborota da
ganawyo antiqarTulad.
3. 1917 wlis 17 noembers abasTumanSi Catarda kavkasiaSi mosaxle
muslimanebis yriloba, romelmac miiRo dadgenileba:
yovelgvari kavSiri gaewyvitaT saqarTvelosaTan, radganac
revoluciuri saqarTvelo maTTvis safrTxes warmoadgenda. maT aseve
daadgines, aefeTqebinaT xidebi da gzebi borjomis Semdeg da SeeqmnaT
saxelmwifo yarsis, ardaganisa da baTumis olqebisagan. am
teritoriisaTvis apirebdnen daematebinaT axalcixe da axalqalaqi.
`yarsi Cveni cixe iqnebao, ardagani gamoggvkvebavs puriT da sxva
sursaTiT. baTumi ki Tbilisis adgils daiWers, radgan is dagvakavSirebs
dasavleT evropasTano~ _ werdnen muslimanebis warmomadgenlebi.
aRniSnuli mizezebis garda, arsebobs sxva arsebiTi xasiaTis
mizezebic: magaliTad, somxeTTan omis damTavrebis Semdeg (1918 w.)
saqarTvelos mTavrobam moaxdina jarebis demobilizacia, romelic Seexo
im mcirericxovan jarsac, romelic idga axalcixeSi da isedac
dasustebuli, dauZlurebuli da brZolisunardakarguli jari kidev

18
ufro dasustda. yovelive amiT ki isargebles meamboxeebma da ieriSi
miitanes qarTul jarze.
Salva maRlakeliZe sastikad akritikebs saqarTvelos mTavrobas ara
marto mesxeTis gamo, aramed begebTan daukvirvebeli, mouqneli
politikis gamo. `server-beg aTabagi am dros ukve Cveni mteria, imitom,
rom pirveli rac gaakeTes Cvenebma, komisariatma kavkasiisam, saxlebi
CamoarTva axalcixeSi mcxovreb begebs. server-begi ki osmaleTis agentad
CaTvales. amieridan, igi ukve saqarTvelos mtrad moevlina, roca
Tavisuflad SeiZleboda misi gadmobireba saqarTvelos sasargeblod. es
iyo udidesi Secdoma~ _ werda Salva maRlakeliZe.
26 dRe gavida im dRidan, rac qarTulma jarma axalcixis mxare
datova. 26 dRes batonobdnen am mxareSi server-begi da misi damqaSebi.
es 26 dRe iyo qarTvelebis damcirebis, Seuracxyofis, awiokebisa da
Zarcva-glejis periodi.
server-begis `mTavrobas~ xalxma mxari ar dauWira. man verc xarki
akrifa, verc mobilizacia moaxdina jaris Sesakrebad. rodesac Cvenma
jarma ieriSi miitana awyurze, server-begi Turme tyviamfrqveviT
dadioda soflad da xalxs erekeboda, magram xalxi mas mainc ar ahyva.
umTavresi Zala, romelsac eyrdnoboda server-begi, es iyo focxovi da
osmaleTis jarebi. TviT im organizaciaSi, romelic Seqmna server-begma
ganxeTqileba moxda. begebis nawili ar miemxro server-begs. am begebs ki
gavlena hqondaT xalxSi. misi damarcxebis mizezi, umTavresad is iyo,
rom ajanyebulTa razmebi faqtobrivad brbos warmoadgenda. server-begis
xelmZRvanelobiT dawyebulma ajanyebam didi ziani moutana mTel mesxeTs.
avantiuristulma politikam mravali adamianis sicocxle imsxverpla.
TurqeTisadmi erTgulebam da misTvis sisxlisRvram araferi moutana
server-begs. saqarTvelosgan mesxeTis CamoSorebisaTvis da Tavis
saxelmwifosTan mierTebisaTvis erTdroulad ibrZoda TurqeTic da
ruseTic.
mesxeT-javaxeTis saqarTvelosgan CamoSorebisa da ruseTTan
mierTebisaTvis ibrZoda denikinis sardlobac da misi xelqveiTi yubanis
`respublikis~ mTavroba. am brZolaSi, maT inglisic uWerda mxars.
inglisis kavkasiis sardloba yovelmxriv uSlida xels saqarTvelos
xelisuflebis ganmtkicebas samcxe-saaTabagoSi. ingliselma generalma,
korim kategoriulad moiTxova qarTuli jarebis gamoyvana ardaganidan.
denikinis agentebi mesxeTSi eweodnen antiqarTul propagandas da
amzadebdnen pirobebs am mxaris saqarTvelodan CamosaSoreblad.
saxelovani qarTveli generlebis: Salva maRlakeliZis**, balo
mayaSvilis, giorgi mazniaSvilisa da giorgi kvinitaZis sardlobiT 1917-
19 wlebSi warmoebulma Seupovarma da Tavganwirulma brZolebma mesxeTi
saqarTvelos SeunarCuna.

19
 1919 wels sabolood gaanadgures meamboxeTa bandebi, romelTac
meTaurobdnen panTurquli orientaciis qarTveli mahmadiani begebi.
mesxeTis bedi mWidrod iyo dakavSirebuli sruliad saqarTvelos
bedTan. rogorc cnobilia, sabWoTa ruseTi, miuxedavad mis mier
saqarTvelos damoukideblobis cnobisa, saqarTvelos demokratiuli
respublikis mimarT mainc atarebda agresiul politikas. amas daemata
isic, rom 1920 wlis gazafxulze yofili osmaleTis teritoriaze,
gaCnda agresiuli `axalgazrda TurqeTis~ saxelmwifo, romlis lideri
gaxldaT qemal faSa, SemdgomSi aTaTurqad wodebuli. sabWoTa ruseTma 2
ivniss aRiara qemal faSas mTavroba. 24 agvistos ki, masTan dado
urTierTdaxmarebisa da megobrobis xelSekruleba, riTac demokratiul
saqarTvelos didi safrTxe Seeqmna, am ori uaRresad agresiulad
ganwyobili axalgazrda saxelmwifoebis mxridan.
1920 wlis oqtomberSi generali mazniaSvili daeTanxma noe
Jordanias Txovnas da dainiSna Tbilisis raionisa da qalaqis garnizonis
ufrosis Tanamdebobaze. mZime dReebi daudga axalgazrda qarTul
saxelmwifos 1921 wlisTvis. miuxedavad imisa, rom 1920 wlis 7 maiss
sabWoTa ruseTsa da saqarTvelos demokratiul respublikas Soris
daido xelSekruleba, romlis ZaliTac, sabWoTa ruseTma scno
saqarTvelos damoukidebloba. `wiTeli imperia~ gamalebiT emzadeboda
saqarTvelos dasapyrobad mas Semdeg, rac bolSevikurma ruseTma
moaxdina azerbaijanis gawiTleba~ 1920 wlis aprilSi, xolo amave wlis
noemberSi daipyro somxeTi. sabWoTa ruseTis xelmZRvaneloba miznad
isaxavda saqarTvelos gasabWoebas. avismomaswavebeli Savi RrublebiT
moiqufra qarTuli zeca.
saqarTvelos mTavroba jerovnad acnobierebda im safrTxes,
romelsac Crdiloeli mezobeli, `keTilmosurne~ sabWoTa ruseTi,
uqmnida axalgazrda qarTul saxelmwifos. noe Jordaniam damfuZnebeli
krebis sxdomaze ganacxada, `moqalaqeno! politikuri Rrublebi Cvens
irgvliv kvlav airivnen. sabWoTa ruseTis mosazRvreoba Cveni norCi
respublikisaTvis TandaTan muqarad xdeba~, sabWoTa ruseTis jarma
yoveli mxridan Semoutia saqarTvelos. monstrTan gamklaveba ioli saqme
rodi iyo. evropas, samwuxarod, qmediTi zomebi ar miuRia saqarTvelos
dasaxmareblad da suverenuli respublikis `wiTeli barbarosebisagan~
gadasarCenad.
bolSevikuri ruseTi, romelic urcxvad da uxeSad arRvevda
saqarTvelosTan 1920 wlis 7 maiss dadebul xelSekrulebas,
saguldagulod emzadeboda saqarTvelos dasapyrobad. bolSevikuri
ruseTi saqarTvelos dapyrobas seriozulad ganixilavda, rac imiTac
dasturdeba, rom saqarTveloSi elCad moavlines sabWoTa ruseTis
xelisuflebis erT-erTi wamyvani figura, `revoluciis tribuni~ sergei
kirovi. ruseTis saelCos TanamSromlebi (maT Soris samxedro ataSec*)

20 წიგნის ელექტრონული ვერსია

მოამზადა საიტმა: www.ChiaturaINFO.GE
safuZvlianad swavlobdnen qarTuli jaris Semadgenlobas, SeiaraRebas,
dislokacias, qarTul-sazogadoebriv politikur azrs da a. S.
saistorio arqivSi arsebobs sayuradRebo dokumeti _ ruseTis saelCos
samxedro ataSes saidumlo moxsenebiT baraTi, romelic daTariRebulia
1920 wlis 30 dekembriT. dokumentSi xazgasmiTaa miTiTebuli, rom
qarTvelebi ar endobian ruseTis bolSevikur mTavrobas, radganac
bolSevikebis 150 aTasiani armia uSualod saqarTvelos sazRvrebTanaa
dislocirebuli. samxedro ataSe miuTiTebda, rom ruseTis jarebis
koncentracia saqarTvelos sazRvrebTan `aRizianebs qarTvelebs, aiZulebs
maT, Tavi mouyaron TavianT Zalebs aRmosavleTis sazRvrebTan~. rogorc
ukve aRvniSneT, samwuxarod, evropis didi saxelmwifoebi realurad
arafers akeTebdnen ruseTis mosalodneli agresiisagan saqarTvelos
dasacavad. dasavleTSi upiratesobas somxeTs aniWebdnen.
aRsaniSnavia, rom qveynisaTvis am mZime, sabediswero Jams, qarTveli
inteligencia, romelic yovelTvis mtkiced idga erovnuli interesebis
sadarajoze, bolSevikuri ruseTis agresiisagan samSoblos dasacavad
Tanamemamuleebs gmiruli brZolisaTvis amzadebda da razmavda.
samSoblos dasacavad gulanTebul qarTvel studentobas gamamxnevebeli
sityviT mimarTa qarTuli universitetis damaarsebelma, eris
moWirnaxulem didma ivane javaxiSvilma: `Svilebo, Cemi movaleobaa Tqven
wignisa da kalmisaken mogiwodoT, magram eris cxovrebaSi aris iseTi
momentebi, roca saWiroa yvelaferi ganze gadasdo da iaraRiT xelSi
mters miegebo. da ai me Tqven dRes iaraRisaken mogiwodebT~ _ mimarTa
man studentebs. Tbilisis universitetis profesor-maswavlebelTa
Semadgenlobam gadawyvetileba miiRo samSoblos damoukideblobisaTvis
omSi aqtiuri monawileoba mieRoT. 1921 wlis TebervalSi universitetis
profesor-maswavleblebma sagangebo mimarTva Seadgines damfuZnebeli
krebis prezidiumTan arsebuli Tavdacvis komitetis saxelze. es
dokumenti daculia saqarTvelos uaxlesi istoriis arqivSi.
`damfuZnebeli krebis prezidiumTan arsebul Tavdacvis komitets,
pativi gvaqvs werilobiT gacnoboT tfilisis saxelmwifo universitetis
profesorTa sabWos dadgenileba, miRebuli saswrafod. mowveuls
sagangebod 16 Tebervals 1921 wels frontze Seqmnili mdgomareobis
gamo, romelic sityvierad imave dRes movismenT; a) tfilisis
saxelmwifo universitetis profesorebi, docentebi, leqtorebi,
asistentebi da sazogadod samecniero-saswavlo nawilis piradi
Semadgenlobis wevrebi, mzad arian yvelani, mTeli Tavisi codna,
gamocdileba da sicocxle Seswiron safrTxeSi myofs Zvirfasi
samSoblos Tavisuflebis dacvis saqmes da sTxoven komitets, raTa maTi
gonivruli da fizikuri Zala gamoiyenos ise, rogorc mas umjobesad
miaCnia samSoblos dacvis miznebisaTvis. b) universitetis samaTematiko-
sabunebismetyvelo fakultetis laboratoriebsa da samkurnalo

21
fakultetis klinikebis karebi Riaa omis saWiroebisaTvis. amasTanave,
gaaxlebT aqve darTul sias samecniero saswavlo nawilis piradi
Semadgenlobisas.
reqtori prof. iv. javaxiSvili
sabWos mdivani a. SaniZe~.
saqarTvelos xelisuflebis Txovna, evropis didi
saxelmwifoebisadmi, daxmarebis gawevis Taobaze, upasuxod darCa.
qarTveli xalxi uangarod Caeba samamulo omSi samSoblos
damoukideblobis dasacavad. sabWoTa ruseTis agresiis winaaRmdeg
samamulo omSi aqtiurad monawileobdnen universitetelebic _ rogorc
studentoba, aseve profesor-maswavleblebic. WeSmariti eris kaci,
SemdgomSi universitetis gamoCenili reqtori, batoni niko kecxoveli
1921 wlis ruseT-saqarTvelos omSi universitetis leqtor-
maswavlebelTa da studentTa monawileobis SesaniSnavi magaliTia.
gansakuTrebuli siyvaruliT da pativiscemiT sargeblobda qarTvel
axalgazrdebSi generali giorgi mazniaSvili. maT xiblavda qarTveli
sardlis SesaSuri mxneoba, profesionalizmi da simamace, romelic
dadebiT muxts matebda axalgazrdobas bolSevikuri agresiis winaaRmdeg
gaCaRebul samkvdro-sasicocxlo brZolaSi. `qarTvelsa guli rkinisa,
abjari Tundac xisao~ _ am sityvebiT daulocavs gza ivane javaxiSvils
saomrad mimavali studentobisaTvis. reqtoris dalocvis Semdeg
axalgazrdoba kojris poziciebisaken gaemarTa. legendaruli maro
mayaSvili, sibrZnismetyvelebis fakultetis studenti, romelic
gmirulad daiRupa, kojris brZolebis monawile iyo. Svilis daRupviT
tramvirebuli poeti kote mayaSvili leqsSi `maro mayaSvils~ werda:
`...arc sicocxlis, arc sikvdilis aRara maqvs xalisi, Tebervalma
damizamTra samudamod maisi!..~
moaxloebuli realuri safrTxis pirobebSi, im sabediswero Jams noe
Jordanias TxovniT generali mazniaSvili Seudga Tbilisis raionis da
qalaqis garnizonis ufrosis movaleobis Sesrulebas. 1921 wlis
TebervalSi igi soRanluRis dajgufebebis sardalia. mas soRanluRis
mxridan dedaqalaqis dacva daevala.
am davalebis Sesruleba SedarebiT mcirericxovani ZalebiT ioli
saqme ar iyo. Tumca isic uTqvams, rom am ZalebiT ramdenjerme SeZlo
mtris Warbi Zalebis mogerieba da ukugdeba. amasobaSi generals momxre
Zalac mouvida. qarTvelebma gulianad Seuties mters. generali
`mogonebebSi~ wers: `mterma brZola ar miiRo da nawili tyved
Cagvivarda, xolo mometebulma daixia iaRlujis simaRlisaken. tyveebi
1600 kaci gavgzavne armiis StabSi.~ general mazniaSvilis mier
ganxorcielebuli Setevis Sedegad datyvevebuli `wiTeli~ mebrZolebi
rusTavelis prospeqtze CautarebiaT. dedaqalaqSi Seqmnili viTareba
SesaniSnavad aRwera Salva xidaSelma Tavis `usaTauro mogonebebSi~. igi

22
wers: `Tbilisis karTan me-11 armiaa momdgari. masac qarTveli mouZRvis.
zarbaznebis griali TbilisSi ismis. avardnili boli Tbilisidan Cans.
SeZrwuneba da mwuxarebaa yvelgan mosaxleobis ricxvi yovel dRe
izrdeba. sasaxlis win auarebeli xalxia Tavmoyrili _ es axalgazrda
vaJebi da maTi gamcileblebi arian. axalgazrdaTa Soris _ iunkrebi*,
romelTa gmiroba sazogadoebrivi aRtacebis sagnadaa qceuli. energiulad
daabijebs Suaxnis kaci nayvavilari saxiT, tyavis qurqiT, es valiko
juRelia, saxalxo gvardiis sardali. tyveebis demonstracia rusTavelis
prospeqtze. saocrad Wreli masa _ zogi fexSiSveli, zogi SinelSi,
zogi tyapuWebSi _ gaerTianebuli erTi niSniT _ yvela rusia. paraklisi
samxedro taZris ezoSi, vrcel moedanze, Cveni skolis gverdiT.
SemaRlebul ficarnagze kaTalikosi leonide swiravs, RmerTs evedreba
gadaarCinos mravaltanjuli qarTveli xalxi, RvTismSoblis wilxvedri
saqarTvelo ubedurebas... tabaxmelis frontze daRupulTa Camosveneba da
sajarod dakrZalva imave ezoSi (maT Soris erTi damamaxsovrda _
cnobili poetis kote mayaSvilis qali) dRes maT saflavs bolnisis
qviT mopirkeTebuli Senoba adgas: `ministrTa sabWo da saministroebi~.
axalgazrda qarTuli saxelmwifo umokavSireod, sakuTari Zalebis amara
,,wiTeli barbarosebis~ mtrul garemocvaSi aRmoCnda.
XI wiTeli armia-azerbaijanidan, VIII, IX da XIII armiebi Crdilo
kavkasiidan saqarTvelos dasapyrobad TiTqmis erTdroulad daiZra.
VIII, IX da XIII armiebi saqarTvelos darialisa da mamisonis
uReltexilidan, agreTve Savi zRvis sanapiros zolidan utevdnen.
saqarTvelos SeiaraRebuli Zalebi, mTeli qarTveli xalxi, gmirul
winaaRmdegobas uwevda ,,wiTel barbarosebs~'' da arcTu iSviaTad
gabeduli kontrSetevebiT aiZulebda mtris Warb Zalebs, ukan daexia.
qarTveloba saarako gmirobas avlenda uricxv dampyroblebTan brZolaSi.
magaliTisTvis, vfiqrobT, Wabuki iunkrebis gmirobis gaxsenebac kmara...
qarTveli xalxis patriotuli suliskveTeba da gmiruli SemarTeba
aisaxa oficialur mimarTvebSic evropis qveynebisadmi, romlebmac
samwuxarod, axalgazrda qarTuli saxelmwifo bedis anabara miatoves.
zemoaRniSnulTan dakavSirebiT, sainteresoa gavecnoT saqarTvelos
mimarTvas erTa ligis* saxelze:
,,erTa ligis Tavmjdomares _ leonid berJuas, asli alber tomas.
sabWoTa ruseTi omis gamoucxadeblad, veragulad daesxa Tavs
saqarTvelos respublikas. RamiT amoxoca mZinare jariskacebi da
oficrebi da yoveli mxridan Semogvitia. veragi mteri amas ar dasjerda.
TviTmfrinavidan yumbarebs esvris tfiliss da xocavs bavSvebs da
qalebs. mivaqcevT ra mTeli ganaTlebuli kacobriobis yuradRebas
sabWoTa mTavrobis aseT velurobas, gamovTqvamT Cvens Rrma aRSfoTebas
da vacxadebT protests. gTxovT moixmoT mTeli Tqveni avtoriteti,
raTa evropis xalxebma xma amoiRon saqarTvelos dasacavad velurTa

23
urdoebisagan. qarTveli xalxi Tavis mxriv, saqveynod acxadebs, rom mas
Seuryevlad aqvs gadawyvetili samSoblos dacva wiTeli
barbarosebisagan. is iaraRiT xelSi brZolis velzea gasuli, Tavs
dasdebs iq, Tavisufal demokratiul samSoblos ar dasTmobs.
saqarTvelos erTa ligis sazogadoebis Tavmjdomare aleqsandre
lomTaTiZe~.
aseT umZimes viTarebaSi, roca qveyana faqtobrivad bolSevikuri
ruseTis armiebis rkalSi moeqca, saqarTvelo mxolod sakuTari ZalebiT
umklavdeboda agresors. evropis didi saxelmwifoebi arc amjerad
gamoexmaurnen saqarTvelos xelisuflebis oficialur gancxadebasa da
Txovnas daxmarebis gawevis Taobaze. qarTuli jarisa da mosaxleobis
gmiruli winaaRmdegobebis miuxedavad, dampyrobelTa armiebTan brZola
dadebiT Sedegs ver gamoiRebda. am rTul viTarebaSi, generali giorgi
mazniaSvili mTavrobis gadawyvetilebas general odiSeliZis
Tanamdebobidan gadayenebis Sesaxeb, did Secdomad miiCnevda. aqve
aRvniSnavT, rom general odiSeliZis, rogorc profesionalis
avtoriteti samxedro inteligenciaSi sakmaod maRali iyo. `mogonebebSi~
giorgi mazniaSvili werda: `14 Tebervlis mTavrobis dadgenilebiT,
romelic gamowveuli iyo damfuZnebeli krebis erovnul-demokratiuli
(partiis) erTi jgufis zegavleniT, mTavarsardali odiSeliZe
Tanamdebobidan gadayenebul iqna. mis adgilas dainiSna generali
kvinitaZe. es iyo gamousworebeli Secdoma mTavrobisa. qarTvel yvela
generalSi odiSeliZe TvalsaCinod irCeoda (gamoirCeoda, c. C.). umaRles
sardlobaSi, mas hqonda didi mxedruli da administraciuli staJi.
evropis udidesi omis dros (igulisxmeba pirveli msoflio omi)
generalma odiSeliZem miipyro gansakuTrebuli yuradReba ruseTis
jarebis mTavari Stabisa. omis dasawyisSi Cven vxedavT mas pirveli
armiis Stabis ufrosis Tanamdebobaze. omis meore periodSi odiSeliZe
iniSneba korpusis ufrosad da Semdeg mokle drois ganmavlobaSi
kavkasiis ufrosad. ai aseT pirovnebas mTavroba cvlis gaCaRebuli omis
dros da niSnavs iseT pirs, romelic samxedro staJiT metad
CamorCeboda odiSeliZes. uaxlesi ambebis ganviTarebam daumtkica
mTavrobas misi Secdoma.~
generali odiSeliZe rogorc profesionali, marTlac didi
avtoritetiT rom sargeblobda imperiis SeiaraRebul ZalebSi, sadavo ar
aris, magram SesaZloa, generali mazniaSvili jerovnad ar icnobda
general kvinitaZis SesaZleblobebsa da mis profesionalizms, amitomac
mas saTanadod ver afasebda. Tumca dasaSvebia isic, rom general
kvinitaZis mimarT mazniaSvils garkveuli ukmayofilebis grZnobac
gaaCnda. `mogonebebSi~ generali aSkarad gamoTqvams pirad wyenas
kolegisadmi, ixsenebs ra 1919 wels samcxe-javaxeTis gubernatoris
postze muSaobis periods, mxareSi Seqmnil siZneleebs da droebiT

24
warumateblobebs server-begis bandebTan brZolis dros. generali
mazniaSvili wers: `...samxedro ministris amxanagis (moadgilis, c. C.)
generali gedevaniSvilis depeSa miviRe, romliTac zrdilobiani kiloTa
gvacnobebda Semdegs: `samxedro ministri saWirod Tvlis, tfilisSi
mogiwvioT, Tqveni diviziis mswrafl mobilizacias ministri didi
mniSvnelobas aZlevs da amitom, Tqveni Tanamdeboba general kvinitaZes
CaabareT da dauyovnebliv tfilisSi CamodiTo... es kidev araferi.
CemTvis sawyeni ufro is iyo, rodesac gavige, rom kvinitaZes rodesac is
borjomSi movida CemTan, rogorc Stabis ufrosi, ukve jibeSi edo Tavis
daniSvnis brZaneba da es garemoeba damimala.~
orive mxedarTmTavars aerTianebda erTi mTavari saerTo mizani _
samSoblosadmi uangaro samsaxuri. veeba monstrTan uTanasworo
brZolaSi, gmiruli winaaRmdegobis miuxedavad, patara saqarTvelo
damarcxda. am umZimesi viTarebis Jams saqarTvelo TurqeTis mxriv
okupaciis safrTxis winaSe aRmoCnda.
veragobiTa da ZaliT, sabWoTa ruseTma saqarTveloSi usastikesi
bolSevikuri reJimi daamyara. qarTveli xalxi ar Serigebia mZime xvedrs
da ganagrZobda brZolas dampyroblebTan. bolSevikebma Seqmnes samxedro
xelisufleba _ `revoluciuri komiteti~. saqarTvelos respublikis
legitimurma mTavrobam ganacxada, rom legalur xelisuflebad ver
CaiTvleboda rusuli xiStebiT qveyanaSi ZaliT Semotanili da
damkvidrebuli uzurpatoruli* komiteti e. w. `revkomi.~ saqarTvelos
mTavrobam Riad ganacxada, rom nebismier pirobebSi da yvelgan daicavda
qarTveli xalxis sasicocxlo interesebs _ Tavisuflebasa da
damoukideblobas. aRiniSna, rom qarTvelma xalxma gmiruli winaaRmdegoba
gauwia mters da Tavisi miwa-wyali dauTmo mxolod maSin, roca
amoiwura winaaRmdegobis yvela SesaZlebloba. `saqarTvelos dRevandeli
mdgomareoba aris ucxo jaris mier qveynis samxedro okupacia~ _
aRniSnuli iyo mTavrobis gancxadebaSi. saqarTveloSi isev Crdiloeli
`keTilmosurne~ gabatonda. rusuli xiStebiT Semosulma
`ganmaTavisufleblebma~ ver SeZles qarTvelTa gatexa, maTSi
patriotuli suliskveTebis Cakvla.
`moyvrad~ mosul bolSevikebTan uTanasworo gmirul brZolaSi
sisxlisgan daclili saqarTvelo Turqebis SesaZlo SemoWris safrTxis
winaSe idga. baTumSi ukve daTareSobdnen Turqi askerebi. didi
damsaxureba miuZRvis general giorgi mazniaSvils 1921 wels baTumisa
da aWaris raionebis Turqebisagan gaTavisuflebis saqmeSi. umZimesi
viTareba sufevda saqarTveloSi. legitimuri* mTavroba mTavarsardalTan
erTad iZulebuli Seiqna, safrangeTisaTvis Seefarebina Tavi. generali
mazniaSvili, romelic piradad Sexvda baTumis `revkomis~ wevrs, Tengiz
Jrents, daeTanxma `revkomis~ winadadebas, mis gankargulebaSi myofi
ZalebiT gaeTavisuflebina qalaqi Turqebisagan. qarTulma jarma
წიგნის ელექტრონული ვერსია 25

მოამზადა საიტმა: www.ChiaturaINFO.GE

saxelovani generlis sardlobiT, gaafTrebuli brZolebis Semdeg, baTumi
daikava. generalma mazniaSvilma, romelmac uzadod Caatara baTumis
Turqebisagan gaTavisuflebis operacia, kidev erTi brwyinvale furceli
Cawera Tavis mxedrul biografiaSi. aqve sagangebod aRvniSnavT, rom
`general mazniaSvilis nawilebma baTumis olqidan Turqebi gandevnes
manam, vidre baTums kavaleria miaRwevda~. amrigad, qarTvelma generalma
mis daqvemdebarebaSi myofi SeiaraRebuli ZalebiT SeZlo baTumis
gaTavisufleba. gamarjvebuli generali sergo orjonikiZes warudgines.
orjonikiZes misTvis uTqvams: `Tqven iciT, rom kanongareSe iyaviT
gamocxadebuli da TqvenTan Sexvedris dros, yvela komunists ufleba
hqonda moekaliT iqve, alagobriv, magram mxedvelobaSi viRebT Tqvens
moqmedebas baTumSi gadatrialebis kritikul momentSi da gepatiebaT
yvela borotmoqmedebani, romelic CaidineT Tqven menSevikebis batonobis
dros sabWoTa xelisuflebis winaaRmdeg.~ patrioti generali, romelsac
samSoblosadmi erTguli samsaxuris mxedruli fici hqonda dadebuli,
sergo orjonikiZis am braldebas usafuZvlod miiCnevda. `mogonebebSi~ am
sayveduriT gulnatkeni mamuliSvili werda: `ver warmomidgenia, rodis
da ra borotmoqmedebis Cadena SemeZlo visime winaaRmdeg. me xom rogorc
jariskaci vemsaxurebodi patiosnad da gulmodgined Cems mTavrobas~.
unda aRiniSnos isic, rom sabWoTa xelisuflebis warmomadgenlebTan
Sexvedrisas, generalma mazniaSvilma kategoriulad moiTxova qarTvel
samxedro mosamsaxureTa usafrTxoebis garantiebi, radganac, rogorc
Tavad aRniSnavda, `qarTveli oficrebi warsulSi ar ekedlebodnen
politikur partiebs da ar ereodnen maT Soris atexil uTanxmoebebSi.
isini emsaxurebodnen mxolod samSoblos interesebs~. 1921 wlis 23
marts samxedro da sazRvao saqmeTa saxalxo komisariatis brZanebiT,
generali giorgi mazniaSvili dainiSna qarTuli SeiaraRebuli Zalebis
sardlad baTumis olqSi. axal Tanamdebobaze daniSvnisTanave, generali
energiulad Seudga qarTul SeiaraRebul ZalebSi arsebuli
naklovanebebis aRmofxvras, razec naTlad metyvelebs misi pataki
samxedro da sazRvao komisariatis saxelze: ai es patakic:
`samxedro da sazRvao saqmeTa saxalxo komisars
23 marti, 1921 weli, pataki #112.
mogaxsenebT, rom baTumSi Seqmnili mdgomareobis gamo, Cemdami
rwmunebuli jarebi ver Rebuloben sistematurad kuTvnil ulufas.
xSiria SemTxveva, rom jariskacebi ramdenime dRe ar Rebulobdnen
sruliad purs, xolo zogjer ki Rebulobdnen ara umetes erTi
girvanqisa. rac Seexeba sxva sanovages da metadre cxenebis sakvebs, _ es
sakiTxi sruliad ar aris mogvarebuli. amisTana mdgomareobas,
rasakvirvelia, friad arasasurveli gavlena aqvs jariskacTa sulis
ganwyobilebebze da iwvevs maT TiTqmis masiur wasvlas Tavis saxlebSi.
mogaxsenebT ra amas, gTxovT miRebuli iqnas usastikesi zomebi Cveni

26
jaris yvela kmayofiT uzrunvelsayofad, raTa momeces saSualeba
davakavo jariskacebi yazarmebSi da daubrkoleblad Seudge saqarTvelos
wiTeli jaris Seqmnas.
sardali g. mazniaSvili. genStabis ufrosi gedevaniSvili~.
samSoblos samsaxurSi damSvral generals erovnuli armiis Seqmna
da qarTvel meomrebSi mTvlemare sulis gaRviZeba cxovrebis umTavres
miznad miaCnda. axal xelisuflebasTan TanamSromlobis ZiriTad
moTxovnad sardali, savsebiT samarTlianad, qarTvel oficerTa Zveli
korpusisaTvis usafrTxoebis garantebs asaxelebda. 1921 wlis 6 aprils
generali mazniaSvili dainiSna qarTuli wiTeli armiis inspeqciis qveiTi
jaris inspeqtorad. brZolebis qar-cecxlSi gamobrZmedili
mxedarTmTavari, rogorc saqarTvelos generali, samSoblos SeiaraRebul
ZalebSi samsaxurs gamarTlebulad miiCnevda. aki kidec ganucxada
sabWoTa saqarTvelos xelisuflebis warmomadgenels, Tengiz JRents: `Tu
saqarTvelos axali xelisufleba borotebad ar CagviTvlis
samSoblosadmi samsaxurs menSevikebis batonobis dros da mogvcems
garantias, rom arc erTi jariskaci, generlidan moyolebuli ubralo
meomramde, uwindeli samsaxurisaTvis ar iqneba dasjili, me mzad var
ganvagrZo samxedro samsaxuri~.
patriot generals, romelsac upirveles movaleobad miaCnda
samSoblosadmi samsaxuri, SeeZlo emigraciaSi wasvla, magram
SeuZleblad miaCnda gaecvala samSoblo `sxva qveynis samoTxezeda~.
miuxedavad `Zveli codvebis~ mitevebisa, sabWoTa xelisuflebam urcxvad
daiviwya generlisadmi micemuli piroba, arafrad Caagdo misi saqmianoba
qarTuli SeiaraRebuli Zalebis aRmSeneblobis saqmeSi, misi piradi
wvlili Turqebisagan aWaris gaTavisuflebaSi, mxedvelobaSi ar miiRo
mxedarTmTavris avtoriteti, sayovelTaod aRiarebuli profesionalizmi,
didi damsaxureba erisa da qveynis winaSe. ficgautexeli generlisadmi
qarTveli xalxi Sesafer pativiscemas da siyvaruls avlenda.
xelisuflebam aseT generals danaSaulad CauTvala saqarTvelos
demokratiuli respublikis SeiaraRebul ZalebSi samsaxuri da gasca
gankarguleba misi dapatimrebis Sesaxeb. saqarTvelos bolSevikuri
xelisuflebis veragobiT aRSfoTebulma patimarma, generalma
mazniaSvilma saprotesto werili gaugzavna sabWoTa saqarTvelos
jarebis samxedro komisars, Tengiz JRents.
vfiqrobT, qarTveli sazogadoebriobisaTvis interes moklebuli ar
unda iyos gaecnos usamarTlod uflebaayrili patimari generlis
werils, romelic daculia saqarTvelos uaxlesi istoriis centralur
saxelmwifo arqivSi. werilSi vkiTxulobT:
`daviRale samarTlis ZebnaSi. 15 Tvea, rac cixeSi vzivar da kidev
oTxi weliwadi unda vijde. ase nel-nela, magram Seuwyvetlad unda
mihqres Cemis sicocxle, aRsavse tyveobis zneobrivi da fizikuri

27
tanjviT da Tan amave tempiT unda vanadguro da vaqcio Cemis ojaxi
nivTierad da moralurad, rom yvela es ubedureba, `damsaxurebuli
dafaseba~, Sedegi iyos raime danaSaulisa da borotmoqmedebisa. Cemi
xasiaTis simtkice meyofoda, rom yovelive es usityvod ametana
ramenairad da araviTari nabiji ar gadamedga Cemi bedis Sesamsubuqeblad,
magram rodesac araviTari danaSauli ar mimiZRvis arc mTavrobisa da
arc sazogadoebis winaSe, rodesac yovelive CvenTaganis movaleoba
pirnaTlad Semisrulebia, rodesac amis sapasuxod pativayrili da
saxelgatexili cixeSi var Cagdebuli, iq vlev Cems dReebs, aba rogor
ar veZio samarTali, rogor ar moviaro kardakar yoveli iseTi
pirovneba, romelic Tavis mdgomareobiT iziarebs mTavrobis organoebis
yovel sanqcias da moqmedebas?! am azrTa pyrobili Tqvenc gauwyebT Cems
mdgomareobas, TqvenTanac movdivar samarTlis saZebnad, miT umetes, rom
Tqven ufro movale xarT yuradReba momaqcioT am sityvis Semdeg,
romelic baTumis revkomis saxeliT, 1921 wlis martis Tvramets me da
mTel qarTvel oficrobas mogveciT, romlis ZaliT arc erTi CvenTagani
warsuli moqmedebisaTvis gasamarTlebul ar unda yofiliyo da gana
egreve ar iyo dekreti #1-iT Tqmuli sajarod?! ufro kerZod gana s.
orjonikiZem imave wlis (1921 w.) 23 marts, rodesac ukve osmalT
jarebi gavanadgure _ ar miTxra, rom aseT brwyinvale samxedro
moqmedebisaTvis da axali mTavrobis winaSe damsaxurebisaTvis me
mepatieboda yoveli manamde Cadenili moqmedebis pasuxis geba. hoda
rodesac dRes cixeSi vsneuldebi me piradad, xolo ojaxi itanjeba
materialurad da zneobrivad swored imitom, rom danaSaulad
CamiTvales Cemi winandeli moqmedebebi, rodesac rogorc qarTveli jaris
sardali vebrZodi jars da vicavdi Cemi samSoblos miwa-wyals, rogor
ar unda mogagonoT an Tqven, an s. orjonikiZes mocemuli sityvebi, an
mTavrobas misi dekreti #1 rad moxda, rom yvelam daiviwya Tavisi
sityva da movaleoba, rom me gamxades udanaSaulo msxverplad, an iqneb
sxva danaSauli Cavidine saqarTveloSi damyarebuli axali
xelisuflebisadmi? magram am SemTxvevaSi rad auxvies gverdi damnaSavis
dakiTxvas, raT warukveTes mas winaswari saSualeba mowmeebis
dasaxelebis da yovel wamoyenebuli braldebis gabaTilebisa. vacxadeb
kategoriulad, rom arcerTi braldeba, romelic rezoluciaSia
wamoyenebuli da romelTa mixedviT sikvdili momesaja, _ Semdeg
amnistiiT xuTi wliT sapyrobileze Secvlili, _ CemTvis ar
wamouyenebiaT, arcerTis gamo ar daukiTxivarT. naxeT arqivi da
darwmundiT. amgvarad Tu warmovidgenT, rom Cemi daskvna moxda im
danaSaulobaTaTvis, romelic Camidenia saqarTvelos sabWoTa mTavrobis
xelSi. amas xom damtkiceba undoda, amisTvis xom unda davekiTxeT da
xom unda daekiTxaT is pirnic, romelTac me davasaxelebdi Cemi uflebis
da simarTlis dasacavad da vinaidan arc erTs, arc meores adgili ar

28
hqonia, amitom amgvari `danaSaulobisaTvis~ dasjili adamianis
ganTavisuflebas da sruls reabilitacias moiTxovs TviT mTavrobisa da
misi yoveli wevris prestiJi. magram me mgonia, am braldebiT mxolod
ufaso damatebis xasiaTi aqvT, raki maT Sesaxeb ar daukiTxivarT. isini
Cemi dasjis motivaciis rols ar TamaSoben da braldebaTa Soris
gamoZieba, dakiTxva da mowmeebi ar esaWiroeboda mxolod erT muxls _
Tu saerTod SesaZloa amgvari proceduriT adamianis dasja, gasamarTleba
_ es muxlia `Cemi brZola sabWoTa ruseTis jarebis winaaRmdeg~. es
faqti cnobilia, amas ar unda fici, magram rogorc zemoT mogaxseneT _
es xom mravalgzis napatiebi mqonda, uwinares yovlisa dekretiT da mere
Tqveni da s. orjonikiZis sityvebiT. amgvarad, ar aris danaSaulis
elementi Cems dasasjelad. es mdgomareoba werilobiT Tu sityvieri
gancxadebiT gavacani sxvadasxva pasuxismgebel pirs da sabuTi maqvs, rom
isini davarwmune kidev Cems udanaSaulo dasjaSi. amitomac, Tqvenc
mogaxsenebT exla yovelives da gTxovT monawileoba miiRoT Cemi
reabilitaciis da gaTavisuflebis saqmeSi. gaqvT saSualeba saqmes da
yvela masalas gaecnoT da miT darwmundeT mTxrobelis sisworeSi da
miTve Cems udanaSaulobaSi da roca es azri SegidgebaT, keTili inebeT,
damideqiT TavdebaT, da gamaTavisufleT, raTa saSualeba momeces Cemi
saxelis reabilitaciisa imave dawesebulebaSi da imave gziT, ra
dawesebulebebma da gzamac mas moscxo Cirqi.
giorgi mazniaSvili~.
es werili, romelsac, samwuxarod, TariRi aRniSnuli ar aqvs, 1922
wlis 14 dekembers waredgina samxedro komisars, Tengiz JRents. werils
axlavs mamia oraxelaSvilisa da filipe maxaraZis rezolucia:
`patimroba Seecvalos SemdegSi gadasaxlebiT~. am rezoluciis garda,
patimari generlis werils adevs agreTve meore rezoluciac.
`gaTavisuflebul iqnas,~ s. orjonikiZe.
rogorc usamarTlod dapatimrebuli generlis werilidan Cans,
axalma xelisuflebam daiviwya rogorc misi damsaxureba, aseve sabWoTa
xelisuflebis damyarebis pirvelive dRes gamocxadebuli amnistia,
romelic mas usafrTxoebis garantias aZlevda.
saqarTvelos `revkomma~ dekreti amnistiis Sesaxeb daadastura
damxobili xelisuflebisa da `revkomis~ warmomadgenelTa quTaisis
Sexvedraze, romelic Sedga 1921 wlis 17 da 18 marts. damxobili
mTavrobisagan qarTul mxares Sexvedraze warmoadgenda saqarTvelos
demokratiuli mTavrobis rwmunebuli grigol lorTqifaniZe, xolo
saqarTvelos `revkoms~, _ mamia oraxelaSvili. sxdomas Tavmjdomareobda
rsfsr-is warmomadgeneli abel enuqiZe. Sexvedraze sabWoTa ruseTis
mxares warmoadgenda agreTve aleqsandre svaniZe. quTaisis Sexvedraze
demokratiul mTavrobasa da saqarTvelos `revkoms~ Soris miRweul iqna
SeTanxmeba samxedro moqmedebebis likvidaciis Sesaxeb. SeTanxmebis me-14

29
muxlSi aRniSnulia: `saqarTvelos `revkomi~ Tavis 25 Tebervlis
amnistiis dekretis damatebiT adasturebs, rom ar agebinebs pasuxs da
ar dasjis arc sasamarTloTi da arc administraciuli wesiT
respublikis arc erT politikur moRvawes, samxedro pirebs,
jariskacidan dawyebuli vidre mTavarsardlamde, gvardielebs, gvardiis
ojaxebs da Stabis wevrebs, administraciis yvela moxeleT da saerTod
yvela im pirT, romelTa moqmedeba maTi saxelmwifo da sazogadoebrivi
samsaxuridan da moRvaweobidan gamomdinareobda. es muxli exeba im pirTa,
im moqmedebas, romelTac adgili hqonda SeTanxmebis ZalaSi Sesvlamde~.
mxedarTmTavari, romelic gmirulad ebrZoda saqarTvelos
dasapyrobad Semosul sabWoTa ruseTis jarebs, samSoblosaTvis dacvas
agresorebisagan mamuliSvilur movaleobad miiCnevda da amis gamo, Tavs
damnaSaved ar Tvlida. misi sardlobiT, 1921 wlis TebervalSi qarTulma
jarma soRanluRis poziciebidan gabeduli kontrSetevis Semdeg SeZlo
Tbiliss momdgari mtris SeCereba. generali sagangebod aRniSnavda, rom,
rodesac misi brZanebiT, sadarajo legioni gadavida ieriSze `goris
gvardielebma naxes ra legionis ieriSze gadasvla, amocvivdnen
Txrilebidan da eZgernen mters. mterma brZola ar miiRo da nawili
tyved Cagvivarda~.
axalma xelisuflebam, romelmac xazi gadausva amagdari
mamuliSvilis damsaxurebas, yoymanis Semdeg miiRo `humanuri~
gadawyvetileba da samxilis uqonlobis gamo, patimrobidan gaaTavisufla
generali. sabolood mas sikvdiliT dasja Seucvales `saqarTvelos
sazRvrebidan xuTi wliT gaZevebiT~. aseTi verdiqti* gamoutana mas
saqarTvelos ssr sagangebo komisiam 1923 wlis maisSi. igi
gaTavisuflebis Semdeg erTxans parizSi cxovrobda, sadac gaWirvebaSi
myof generals bedi morig gansacdels umzadebda, mas daabrales 1924
wlis ajanyebis gacema. titanuri Zalisxmevisa da nervebis daZabvis fasad
daujda samSoblos samsaxurisaTvis Tavganwirul generals am
ciliswamebis gabaTileba, sakuTari pativisa da Rirsebis dacva.
safrangeTSi, emigraciaSi myofi legitimuri xelisuflebis
warmomadgenlebisagan generalma kategoriulad moiTxova oficialuri
ganmarteba am ciliswamebasTan dakavSirebiT. mTavrobis Tavmjdomaris, noe
Jordanias saxelze daweril gancxadebaSi giorgi mazniaSvili aRniSnavda,
rom man araferi icoda ajanyebis mzadebis Sesaxeb da saerTod mxars ar
uWerda raime SeiaraRebul gamosvlas. mTavrobis Tavmjdomares igi
Seaxsenebda, rom gamosvlasTan dakavSirebiT kargad iyo cnobili
emigrantuli mTavrobis wevrebisaTvisac. patriotma generalma SeZlo
SeubRalavi mundiris Rirsebis dacva da cilismwamebelTa damarcxeba.
ltolvilobaSi myofi xelisufleba giorgi mazniaSvils acnobebda,
rom mTavrobis sxdomaze, romelsac daeswrnen saqarTvelos politikuri
partiebis warmomadgenlebic, daadgines: `gamogecxadoT Tqven sruli

30 წიგნის ელექტრონული ვერსია

მოამზადა საიტმა: www.ChiaturaINFO.GE
ndoba da amasTan erTad ecnobos saqarTvelos yvela Cven organizaciebs,
rom xmebi da Worebi, romelic trialebs Tqveni saxelis garSemo, aris
ganzrax mogonili ciliswameba. mTavrobis mdivani k. kandelaki~.
safrangeTSi gadaxvewili mxedarTmTavari darwmunda, rom qarTveli
menSevikebis mcdelobas, romelic miznad isaxavda evropis daxmarebiT
sabWoTa ruseTis mier okupirebuli saqarTvelos gaTavisuflebas,
perspeqtiva ar gaaCnda. giorgi mazniaSvili `mogonebebSic~ werda amis
Sesaxeb: `... cxadi iyo, rom evropis arc erTi saxelmwifo xelsac ar
gaanZrevda saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis yofili mTavrobis
interesebis dasacavad. magaliTad, inglisi da safrangeTi Cven aSkarad
gvagrZnobinebdnen, rom saqarTvelos sakiTxi Seadgens socialisturi
sabWoTa respublikebis kavSiris Sinaur saqmes, radgan saqarTvelo Sedis
am kavSirSi, rogorc sruluflebiani saxelmwifo~.
ficgautexelma mxedarTmTavarma sicocxlis bolo wlebi samSobloSi
gaatara. ganawyenebuli da Seuracxyofili generali, romelic
emigraciaSi ukidures xelmokleobasa da gaWirvebas ganicdida, Tavis
zneobriv movaleobad samSobloSi dabrunebas miiCnevda. `mogonebebSi~ igi
gulistkiviliT werda: `gaWirvebam da Cemi pirovnebis da patiosnebis
abuCad agdebam, maiZules me mimemarTa sabWoTa mTavrobisaTvis,
SeemoklebinaT Cemi gaZevebis vada, da rodesac nebarTva miviRe,
gadavwyvite davbrunebuliyav samSobloSi, SeverTebodi Cem or milion
moZmes da maTTan erTad gameziarebina bednierebac da ubedurebac...~
qeduxreli generali sicocxlis bolomde erTguli darCa qveynisa
da eris winaSe dadebuli mxedruli ficisa. samSoblos dacva, qveynis
samxedro Zlierebasa da teritoriul mTlianobaze zrunva, qarTvel
meomrebSi mxedruli sulis aRorZineba generlis cxovrebisa da
moRvaweobis umTavresi mizani gaxldaT. partiuli interesebi, agreTve
pirad keTildReobasa da karierasTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebi, mas,
rogorc profesional samxedros da patiosan pirovnebas, naklebad
aRelvebda, mxedarTmTavarma ar gacvala samSoblo. man amayad da
moswrebulad upasuxa orjonikiZes, romelmac danaSaulad CauTvala
amagdar generals menSevikur mTavrobasTan TanamSromloba. `me arc
menSevikebis generali var da arc bolSevikebisa, me saqarTvelos
generali var!~
samSobloSi generals sabWoTa xelisufleba eWvis TvaliT uyurebda.
mTavrobisagan `dafasebuli~ generali sakuTari ZaliT moweuli
WirnaxuliT inaxavda ojaxs. bolSevikurma xelisuflebam mas
`danaSauli~ (eris samsaxuri, c. C.) ar apatia. igi avadsaxsenebel 1937
wels daapatimra da Semdeg daxvrita. gamoCenilma mxedarTmTavarma
gaiziara mravali qarTveli mamuliSvilis tragikuli bedi. umkacresma
represiebma imsxverples eris saukeTeso Svilebi, maT Soris qarTveli
samxedro inteligenciis gamoCenili warmomadgenlebic, romlebic

31
ruseTis imperiis oficerTa korpusis elitarul nawils
miekuTvnebodnen. represiebs emsxverplnen gamoCenili qarTveli oficrebi,
romelTa Soris iyo ilia WavWavaZis diswuli, qarTveli sazogado da
samxedro moRvawe, cnobili qvelmoqmedi, generali konstantine (kote)
afxazi**, romelic daxvrites TbilisSi 1923 wlis maisSi. didi
mamuliSvili XVIII saukuneSi kaxeTs gadasuli ServaSiZeebis STamomavali
iyo. bolSevikuri diqtaturis damyarebis Semdeg kote afxazi, sxva
mamuliSvilebTan erTad, monawileobda winaRmdegobis moZraobaSi, ris
gamoc daapatimres da Semdeg sxva sikvdilmisjil patimrebTan erTad
daxvrites dRevandeli vakis parkis teritoriaze. bolSevikebma sisxlis
kalo galewes, musri gaavles qarTvel inteligencias. erovnuli
inteligenciis saukeTeso nawili ganadgurda, ramac mniSvnelovnad
Seaferxa qarTveli xalxis brZola damoukideblobis aRsadgenad.
general giorgi mazniaSvilis cxovreba da moRvaweoba sanimuSo
magaliTad unda iqces yvelasaTvis, visac samSoblosaTvis uZgers guli.
misi ocneba iyo Zlieri qarTuli armiis Seqmna, romelic saqarTvelos
saimedo dacvis garanti iqneboda. giorgi mazniaSvilis saxiT samSoblom
dakarga mxedarTmTavari, romelmac agresorebs qarTuli miwebidan fexi
moakveTina. samSoblos moukles saxelovani mxedarTmTavari, samagaliTo
mamuliSvili, uSiSari meomari, gmiri, romelmac fasdaudebeli wvlili
Seitana qarTuli SeiaraRebuli Zalebis mSeneblobaSi. qarTvel
generalSi Tanabrad iyo Sezavebuli mxedruli SemarTeba, momTxovneloba
da principuloba pirovnul didbunebovnebasTan. mamaci generali piradi
magaliTiT aRafrTovanebda meomrebs, romlebic saxelovan winaparTa
msgavsad, ar uSindebodnen mtris simravles, gmiri mxedarTmTavris
meTaurobiT Setevaze gadasulebi musrs avlebdnen dampyroblebs da
brwyinvale gamarjvebas aRwevdnen. miuxedavad imisa, rom veeba monstrTan
uTanasworo brZolaSi saqarTvelo, samwuxarod, umokavSireod darCa,
qarTveli xalxi aqtiurad Caeba samamulo omSi samSoblos
damoukideblobis dasacavad. qarTuli jaris Tavganwiruli brZola,
qarTvel meomarTa gmiroba da mamacoba qarTveli erisadmi simpaTiiT
ganawyobda evropelebs da ara marto maT. qarTvelTa mxedrul
SemarTebasTan dakavSirebiT, vfiqrobT upriani iqneba aleqsandre diumas
Semdegi sityvebis gaxseneba: `qarTvelebi brZolebSi unda naxo. maSin
isini Cveulebriv adamianebi ki ara, titanebi arian, romelTac ZaluZT
zeca ieriSiT aiRon~.
didia general giorgi mazniaSvilis damsaxureba qarTul
SeiaraRebul ZalebSi mxedruli sulis aRorZinebisaTvis. igi Tavad
gaxldaT saukeTeso magaliTi imisa, Tu rogori unda yofiliyo
qarTveli meomari.
samSoblosadmi erTguli samsaxuri, gmiroba da mamacoba is
Tvisebebia, riTac qarTveli meomrebi odiTganve gamoirCeodnen.

32
mravaltanjuli gmiruli warsuliT STagonebuli generali samSoblos
damcvelebs yovelTvis Seaxsenebda winaparTa sagmiro saqmeebs,
mouwodebda maT, ar daeviwyebinaT `visi gorisani arian~.
generalma mazniaSvilma mTeli Zal-Rone uSurvelad Sealia sayvarel
saqmes – qarTuli armiis Seqmnas da qveynis samsaxurs. generlis msgavsi
mamuliSvilebi amSvenebdnen qarTveli eris gmiruli warsulis
furclebs, saqarTvelos omebis istorias. amitomac qarTveli
axalgazrdoba jerovnad unda acnobierebdes, rom `warsulis fesvebs,
raindobas, keTilSobilebas da bunebis sidiades mowyvetili Taoba
Rirseuls verafers Seqmnis~ (Tamaz bibiluri).
ubadlo mxedarTmTavars, rogorc samagaliTo pirovnebas,
gulmxurvale patriotsa da mamuliSvils, vfiqrobT, savsebiT miesadageba
gamoCenili sazogado moRvawis, moazrovnisa da mecnieris, akaki baqraZis
Semdegi sityvebi: `dadebiTi da misabaZi is kaci SeiZleba iyos, visac
maRali zneobrivi idealebisaTvis golgoTaze SeuZlia asvla, visac
xelewifebis jvari itvirTos da martodmartom zidos sikvdilis
karamde~.
giorgi mazniaSvilis `mogonebani, 1917-1925~, memuaruli
literaturis brwyinvale nimuSi da maSindeli qarTlis cxovrebis
piruTvneli da STambeWdavi matianea.
1927 wels `mogonebani~ calke wignad gamoica. es SesaZlebeli
gaxda, radgan generlis memuarebSi gaanalizebulia damoukidebeli
saqarTvelos realobaSi arsebuli Sinagani krizisis niSnebi.
axal xelisuflebas giorgi mazniaSvilis wignSi, pirvel yovlisa,
menSevikuri mTavrobis kritika moewona da `mogonebebs~ gza gauxsna,
magram generlis memuarebis mZafri erovnuli suliskveTeba naklebad
Seesabameboda imaT miznebsa da interesebs... amitomac, amjobines wigni
sruliad mieviwyebinaT da SemdgomSi aRar gamoecaT.
giorgi mazniaSvils gulTmisaniviT uwinaswarmetyvelebia Tavis
Tavze: `erTi gabrazebuli Taoba Tu damxvrets, meore damSvidebuli
Taoba mkvdreTiT aRmadgens, sicocxle arc dabadebiT iwyeba da arc
sikvdiliT mTardeba~. TiTqmis yvela qarTvelis saTqmeli Tqva S.
niSnianiZem giorgi mazniaSvilisadmi miZRvnil leqsSi: `Sinelze miWril
natyviaridan vWvret gamofrenil cicinaTelebs...~

33
 ganmartebiTi leqsikoni *

askeri – jariskaci TurqeTSi.

ataSe – yvelaze dabali tiplomatiuri rangi. diplomatiur
warmomadgenlobaSi specialuri piri, romelic sagareo urTierTobebis
gansakuTrebul dargSi muSaobs (mag., samxedro, samxedro-saaviacio da
samxedro-sazRvao ataSe). arsebobs peresataSec, romelsac evaleba ucxo
saxelmwifos presis mimoxilva da Tavisi mTavrobisaTvis informaciis
miwodeba.
begi – batoni mahmadianur qveyanaSi.
erTa liga – Seiqmna 1919 wels. saxelmwifoTa politikuri
TanamSromlobis pirveli saerTaSoriso organizacia. igi mtkiced icavda
mSvidobas da faSisturi agresiis safrTxisagan Tavis dasacavad
moiTxovda koleqtiuri uSiSroebis Seqmnas.
verdiqti – ganaCeni. gadawyvetileba nafic msajulTa sasamarTloSi.
iunkeri – germanuli sityvaa. yofil prusiaSi: msxvili miwaTmflobeli
aznauri, memamule. mefis ruseTSi dabali Cinis samxedro piri (rigiTi,
unter-oficeri) aznaurTa wridan. samxedro saSualo saswavleblis
moswavle, romelic emzadeba oficrobisaTvis.
kadeti – samxedro saSualo saswavleblis kursanti.
kadetTa korpusi – daxuruli tipis samxedro saSualo saswavlebeli,
romelSic TavadaznaurTa Svilebs amzadebdnen.
legitimuri – kanonieri.
ozakomi – droebiTi mTavrobis mier daniSnuli gansakuTrebuli
komiteti.
seimi – poloneTis saxalxo respublikaSi saxelmwifo xelisuflebis
erTpalatiani umaRlesi organo, parlamentis erT-erTi palata fineTSi,
erTpalatiani parlamentis saxelwodeba.
uzurpatori – piri, romelmac ukanonod Caigdo xelSi xelisufleba.

34
 pirTa saZiebeli **

aTabagi (jayeli) serveri – iyo qvablianidan, 1919 wlis mahmadianTa

ajanyebis meTauri. serveris mama iyo axalcixis faSa, romelic ruseTma
gadaibira da misca tituli princ koblianski-adigenski da daarqva gvari
aTabegov, e. i. mama begebisa.
andronikaSvili aleqsandre simonis Ze – generali 1918 wlidan;
qarTuli jaris generaluri jaris ufrosi; qarTuli samxedro skolis
ufrosi 1920 w.; kojor-tabaxmelas frontis sardali; 1922 w.
antibolSevikuri samxedro centris meTauri; daxvrites bolSevikebma
1923 wels.
afxazi konstantine (kote) nikolozis Ze – samxedro da sazogado
moRvawe qarTuli universitetis daarsebis sainiciativo jgufis
Tavmjdomare. aRmosavleT saqarTvelos Tavadaznaurobis me-14 _
ukanaskneli marSali (1913-1919 ww.). antibolSevikuri samxedro centris
meTauri. 1919 wlidan generali. ruseTis armiis polkovniki; msoflio
omis monawile; 1923 wels daxvrites bolSevikebma.
gabaSvili vasil daviTis Ze – gamoCenili mxedarTmTavari, generali,
qarTvelTa korpusis meTauri, 1918 wels qarTuli jaris pirveli
mTavarsardali, qarTuli jaris reorganizaciis proeqtis avtori g.
kvinitaZesTan erTad. 1919 wels gaxda Tavdacvis sabWos wevri, ruseTis
armiis general-leitenanti. gardaicvala 1933 wels. dakrZalulia
TbilisSi.
gedevaniSvili aleqsandre konstantines Ze – generali; baTumis samxedro
komendanti; 1918 w. saqarTvelos samxedro ministris meore TanaSemwe
(moadgile) 1918-21 ww.; qarTuli jaris samxreTis frontis sardali
(1918 wlis dekemberSi qarTvel-somexTa omis dros), Tavdacvis sabWos
wevri, ruseTis armiis general-maiori. gardaicvala 1933 wels.
dakrZalulia TbilisSi.
erisTavi baxri begi – STamomavali didi Tornike erisTavisa,
qvablianidan, qalaq axalcixis boqauli.
imnaZe nikoloz iakobis Ze – generali, msaxurobda saqarTvelos
demokratiuli respublikis samxedro saministroSi. qarTuli jaris
savele Stabis ufrosi 1918 w. dekemberSi Tbilisis razmis meTauri;
ruseTis armiis podpolkovniki; 1921 wlis martidan emigraciaSi wavida.
kvinitaZe giorgi ivanes Ze – generali, gamoCenili mxedarTmTavari,
qarTuli jaris mTavarsardali 1918-21 ww. qarTuli samxedro skolis
ufrosi; 1919-20 ww. Tavdacvis sabWos wevri da misi Seqmnis
iniciatori; 1921 wlidan emigraciaSia, gardaicvala 1970 wels.
maRlakeliZe Salva – swavlobda moskovis universitetis iuridiul
fakultetze, 1915 wlidan _ Tbilisis samxedro saswavlebelSi. ibrZoda

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მოამზადა საიტმა: www.ChiaturaINFO.GE
1917 wels samcxe-javaxeTSi, emigraicaSi iyo parizSi da iq daaarsa
Jurnali `qarTlosi~, sadac xSirad ibeWdeboda misi publikaciebi.
mayaSvili abel (balo) gabrielis Ze – generali, axalcixisa da
axalqalaqis general-gubernatori. 1918-19 ww. Tbilisis samxedro
komendanti, 1919 wlis maisidan iZulebuli gaxda wasuliyo
azerbeijanSi, vinaidan saqarTveloSi mas adgili ver mouZebnes, ganjis
samxedro skolis ufrosi 1920 wels. ruseTis armiis general-maiori
1914 wels, 1920 wels bolSevikebma daxvrites baqoSi.
maCabeli baxCi-beg – osmaleTis sasargeblod momuSave piri, Semdeg
saqarTvelos damoukideblobis dros moinania da gulwrfelad emsaxura
samSoblos.
muskievi – erovnebiT inguSi. monawileobda 1919 wlis ajanyebaSi
saqarTvelos winaaRmdeg.
odiSeliZe ilia zaalis Ze – generali, gamoCenili mxedarTmTavari,
monawileobda sazRvargareT samSvidobo molaparakebaSi. saqarTvelos
samxedro ministris TanaSemwe, 1920 wels qarTuli jaris
mTavarsardali, 1920-21 wlebSi saqarTvelos mTavrobis Tavmjdomaris
mrCeveli. 1921 wlidan Tavdacvis sabWos wevri. ruseTis armiis general-
leitenanti, 1921 wlis martidan emigraciaSia; gardaicvala 1922 wels
TurqeTSi.
uokkeri – ingliseli generali, romelic imyofeboda baTumSi da eweoda
ormag TamaSs Jordaniasa da server-begTan.
ximSiaSvili Temur – gavleniani aWareli begi, ozurgeTis `uezdis
naCalniki~. omis dros igi ar gadasula Turqebis mxares.

36
 gamoyenebuli literatura da wyaroebi:

• avaliSvili, z., `saqarTvelos damoukidebloba 1918-1921 wlebis

saerTaSoriso politikaSi~, Tb., 1929.
• `amirani~, kompoziciur-literaturul-mxatvruli sazogadoebriv-
politikuri krebuli, Tb., 1990.
• bendianiSvili, a., `saqarTvelos pirveli respublika~, Tb., 2001.
• dauSvili, al., `danaSauli~ _ saqarTvelos generloba~, gaz.
`Tbilisi~, 1999.
• diue r. `moskovi da wamebuli saqarTvelo~, Jurnali `ciskari~,
#1, 1992.
• ivaniZe, g., `brZola mesxeTisaTvis~ 1917-21 ww., Tb., 2002.
• kvinitaZe, g., `mogonebebi~ I-II, Tb., 1998.
• lomiZe, S., `mesxeTi da mesxebi~, Tb., 1999.
• mazniaSvili, m., `mogonebani~, baTumi, 1990.
• maisuraZe, e., `mogonebebi general mazniaSvilze~, gazeTi
`literaturuli saqarTvelo~, Tb., 1997.
• nozaZe, e., `saqarTvelos aRdgenisaTvis brZola mesxeTis gamo~, Tb.,
1989.
• surgulaZe, a., surgulaZe, p., `saqarTvelos istoria~, Tb., 1991.
• fanaskerteli-ciciSvili, `me iveriis rigiTi jariskaci~, gazeTi
`samefo gvirgvini~, Tb., 2003.
• Sengelia, g., zurmuxtaSvili, T., `me saqarTvelos generali var...~,
Tb., 2006.
• CxeiZe, r., `roca Svidni varT~, Tb., 1990.
• Cxenkeli; T., `mwvane bivriti~, Tb., 2002.
• xorguaSvili, g., `sruliad saqarTvelos sazrunavi~, gazeTi
`literaturuli saqarTvelo~, Tb., 2003.
• scssa, fondi 1891, anaw., 1, saq. 211, furc. 32.
• scssa, fondi 1874, saq. f. furc. 187.
• scssa, fondi 600, anaw., 1, saq. 182, furc. 63.
• scssa, fondi 617, anaw., 2, saq. 2522, furc. 300.
• scssa, fondi 1861, anaw., 2, saq. 217, furc. 1.

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 generali giorgi mazniaSvili meuRlesTan erTad

giorgi mazniaSvilis saxli sofel sasireTSi

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niJegorodis dragunTa polkis III eskadronis oficerTa
jgufi (g. mazniaSvili dgas marjvnidan pirveli)

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