Actividad de aprendizaje 15

Aa15 - evi5: summary ?Export-import theory?.transversal de inglés

Pedro Manuel Villamizar Velásquez

Ficha: 1881651

TECNOLOGIA EN GESTION LOGISTICA

SENA

Diciembre 13 de 2020
 Actividad de aprendizaje 15

Evidencia 5: Summary “Export-import theory”

Contar con los conocimientos necesarios para realizar un proceso de exportación,

requiere no solo de manejar habilidades lectoras para apropiar las normas y pasos
a seguir, sino también comprender y extraer los aspectos más importantes de
cada texto. Existen gran cantidad de textos referentes exportación e importación
en inglés, por lo cual es necesario fortalecer las competencias en dicha lengua.

Para reforzar lo mencionado, realice las siguientes actividades:

1. Lea el siguiente texto:

Export-Import Theory1

Setting up the business

Whether it is a new or existing export-import business, the legal form,

or structure, will determine how the business is to be conducted, its
tax liability, and other important considerations. Each form of
business organization has its own advantages and disadvantages,
and the entrepreneur has to select the one that best fulfills the goals
of the entrepreneur and the business. Selection of an appropriate
business organization is a task that requires accounting and legal
expertise and should be done with the advice of a competent attorney
or accountant.

Ownership structure

1
Belay, S. (2009). Export-Import Theory, Practices, and Procedures. (2 a ed.). New York:
Routledge.
In this section, we examine different forms of business organizations:
sole proprietorships, partnerships, corporations, and limited liability
companies.

Sole proprietorships

A sole proprietorship is a firm owned and operated by one individual.

No separate legal entity exists. There is one principal in the business
who has total control over all export-import operations and who can
make decisions without consulting anyone. The major advantages of
sole proprietorships are as follows:

1. They are easy to organize and simple to control. Establishing an

export- import business as sole proprietorship is simple and
inexpensive and requires little or no government approval. At the
state level, registration of the business name is required, while at the
federal level, sole proprietors need to keep accurate accounting
records and attach a profit or loss statement for the business when
filing individual tax returns (Schedule C, Internal Revenue Service
Form 1040). They must operate on a calendar year and can use the
cash or accrual method of accounting.

2. They are more flexible to manage than partnerships or

corporations. The owner makes all operational and management
decisions concerning the business. The owner can remove money or
other assets of the business without legal or tax consequences. He or
she can also easily transfer or terminate the business.

3. Sole proprietorships are subject to minimal government regulations

versus other business concerns.
4. The owner of a sole proprietorship is taxed as an individual, at a
rate lower than the corporate income tax rate. Losses from the export
import business
can be applied by the owner to offset taxable income from other
sources. Sole proprietors are also allowed to establish tax exempt
retirement accounts. (Harper, 1991; Cheeseman, 2006a)
The major disadvantage of running an export-import concern as a
sole proprietorship is the risk of unlimited liability. The owner is
personally liable for the debts and other liabilities of the business.
Insurance can be bought to protect against these liabilities; however,
if insurance protection is not sufficient to cover legal liability for
defective products or debts, judgment creditors’ next recourse is the
personal assets of the owner. Another disadvantage is that the
proprietor’s access to capital is limited to personal funds plus any
loans that can be obtained. In addition, very few individuals have all
the necessary skills to run an export-import business, and the owner
may lack certain skills. The business may also terminate upon the
death or disability of the owner.

Establishing an appropriate business organization: pointers

 Does the entrepreneur intend to be the sole owner of the export-

import business? If not, how many people have an ownership
interest?

 Does the entrepreneur need additional capital and/or expertise?

 What legal form provides the greatest flexibility for management?

 What legal form affords the most advantageous tax treatment for
the business concern and individual entrepreneurs?
 Which legal structure is easy and less expensive to establish and
subject to a low degree of government regulation?
  How important is it to limit personal liability of owners?

o Which legal structure is the most appropriate in light of the goals and
objectives of the export-import business? (Belay, 2009).

2. Elabore una lista de vocabulario sobre el texto, mínimo de 15 palabras y escriba

su respectivo significado en inglés.

VOCABULARIO- VOCABULARY SIGNIFICADO-MEANING

ADVANTAGES: Circumstance or
situation that gives superiority in
something.
DISADVANTAGES: Circumstance of
being worse or being in a worse
situation one thing with respect to
others of the same nature with which it
is compared. Less favorable situation in
which a person or thing is with respect
to
others with which it is compared.
ATTORNEY: Person legally authorized
to advise and defend the rights and
interests of another person in legal
matters and represent
it in a lawsuit.
WITHOUT: Indicates lack or lack of
something material or immaterial..
PROPRIETORSHIPS: Property rights
In the right, the domain or property, is
the direct and immediate power over
an object or good, by which is
attributed to its owner the
ability to dispose of it, without further
limitations than those imposed by
law.
VENTAJAS: Circunstancia o
situación que da superioridad en
alguna cosa.
DESVENTAJAS: Circunstancia de ser
peor o estar en peor situación una cosa
respecto a otras de la misma naturaleza
con la que se compara. Situación menos
favorable en que se halla una persona o
cosa respecto a otras con
las que se compara.
ABOGADO: Persona legalmente
autorizada para asesorar y defender los
derechos e intereses de otra persona en
materia jurídica y
representarla en un pleito.
SIN Indica falta o carencia de alguna cosa
material o inmaterial.
PROPIETARIOS: Derecho de
propiedad, en el derecho, el dominio o
propiedad, es el poder directo e
inmediato sobre un objeto o bien, por la
que se atribuye a su titular la capacidad
de
disponer del mismo, sin más
limitaciones que las que imponga la

RETURNS: The return is the act of
giving something back to someone. It
is a process that is based on a right of
possession of a certain person with
respect to a certain good that was
delivered with some type of specific
objective.
ley.
DEVOLUCIONES: La devolución es el
acto de entregar algo nuevamente a
alguien. Es un proceso de se sustenta
en un derecho de posesión de una
determinada persona con respecto a un
determinado bien que fue
entregado con algún tipo de
objetivo específico.
APPLIED: That puts effort, interest
and perseverance in the
accomplishment of a
work or in the development of an
activity, especially in the study.
LOANS: A loan is an operation by
which a financial institution puts at our
disposal a certain amount of money
through a contract.
SKILLS: The ability is the innate
aptitude, talent, skill or ability that a
person holds to carry out and of
course with success, certain activity,
work
LOSSES: Small amount of blood or
discharge from the womb that is
abnormally
expelled outside of the menstrual period.
UPON: Heritage prefix of Latin origin
that
enters the formation of names
with the meaning of 'above',
'besides'.
JUDGMENT: Faculty of understanding,
by
virtue of which man can distinguish
good from evil and true from false.
INCOME: Amount of money earned or
collected.
LITTLE: That has a smaller size than
normal.
SOLE: It applies to one or several
things of which or of whose species
there are no
others.
3. El texto sugerido al inicio de esta evidencia cuenta con varios párrafos, y al
APLICADO: Que pone esfuerzo, interés
y constancia en la realización de un
trabajo o en
el desarrollo de una actividad, en
especial en el estudio.
PRESTAMOS: Un préstamo es una
operación por la cual una entidad
financiera pone a
nuestra disposición una cantidad
determinada de dinero mediante un
contrato.
HABILIDADES: La habilidad es la
aptitud innata, talento, destreza o
capacidad que ostenta una persona
para llevar a cabo y por
supuesto con éxito, determinada
actividad, trabajo
PÉRDIDAS: Cantidad pequeña de
sangre o flujo procedente de la matriz
que se expulsa
anormalmente fuera del período
menstrual.
SOBRE: Prefijo patrimonial de origen
latino
que entra en la formación de nombres
con el significado de ‘por encima de’,
‘además de’.
JUICIO: Facultad del entendimiento, por
cuya
virtud el hombre puede distinguir el
bien del mal y lo verdadero de lo
falso.
INGRESOS: Cantidad de dinero ganada
o
recaudada.
PEQUEÑO: Que tiene un tamaño menor
de lo
normal.
ÚNICO: Se aplica a una o varias cosas
de las cuales o de cuya especie no hay
otras.
interior de cada párrafo se encuentran varias ideas principales. Por favor, lea el
material complementario “Identifying the main idea” para conocer cómo se
puede encontrar la idea principal en un párrafo escrito en inglés.

IDEAS

1. How to carry out a business

2. There are different forms of commercial organizations

3. The director controls all export and import operations

4. The sole proprietors are simple and low in costs

 5. The owners are in charge of making all the decisions

6. The individual companies are governamental

7. The individual owners have a lower rate than the tax rate

8. The owners are responsible for their business

4. Luego de analizar el material complementario, por favor escriba las ideas

principales de cada párrafo, en presente simple, en inglés. No haga
transcripción literal de los párrafos. A continuación, transforme la oración a
presente progresivo, también en inglés.

Simple Present Tense Present Progressive Tense

How to carries out a business How to carriesing out a
business
There's are different forms There's are differenting forms
of of
commercial organizations commercial organizations
The director controls all export and The director controlling all export and
import operations import operations
The sole proprietors are simple and The sole proprietors are simple and
lows in costs low in costsing
The owners are in charges of make The owners are in charge of making
all all
the decisions the decisions
The individual companies The individual companying
are governamental are governamental
The individual owners have a lower The individual owners having a lower
rate than the tax rate rate than the tax rate
The owners are responsible for their The owners are responsible for their
business business

5. Organice las ideas en un solo resumen, de manera que se conecten

coherentemente, en 15 líneas.

How to carry out an export and import business, in different forms of commercial
organizations since the director controls all export and import operations, where
the sole proprietors are simple and low in cost and make all the decisions in front
of the
business. Individual companies are governmental and have a lower rate than the
tax rate, thus carrying the responsibility of the business

Knowing well that each legal form in which the company has its legal bases will
apply different processes why you should know what you should apply to have
greater knowledge and not have legal consequences in the environment even with
a single administrator or boss immediately co-author all the legal health and tax
aspects for a better export or import in order to provide the company with better
quality and good recognition at the international level and to conquer or reach large
countries for its advertising and industry growth.