Penose

The penose (Dutch: penoze) is the organized criminal underbelly

Penose
in Amsterdam and other major cities in the Netherlands. Penose
usually means the organizations formed by criminals of Dutch Founding location Netherlands
descent. It is a slang word coming from the old Amsterdam Territory Netherlands
Bargoens language. Ethnicity Predominantly
Dutch, other
ethnicities
include
Moroccans,
Contents Surinamese,
Dutch
Origin of the word
Antilleans, and
Organized crime in the Netherlands Molluccans
Criminal groups concerning the Penose Criminal activities Arms
Dutch crime groups trafficking,
Moroccan crime groups assault, drug
Moluccan Kajahatan trafficking,
Afro-Dutch crime groups extortion,
Crips in the Netherlands fraud, human
Notable Dutch criminals trafficking,
murder, theft.
References
Allies British crime
firms

Origin of the word Turkish mafia

Serbian mafia
Organized crime in the Netherlands goes back to the 18th century Colombian
when organized groups of thieves, pimps and shady travelling cartels
salesmen created a cant language named Bargoens to No Limit
communicate with each other.[1] Out of the language there arose a Soldiers
couple of new words which would become part of the Dutch Mocro Maffia
folklore. Until this day the word penoze (which arose from
Bargoens) is still used by some people to describe the Dutch underworld in which the organized crime
bosses thrive.[2] The word is mostly used in Amsterdam, but has also spread to other big cities in the
Netherlands such as Den Haag, Rotterdam or Eindhoven.

Organized crime in the Netherlands

The Netherlands is the biggest exporter of ecstasy in the world,[3] while Dutch gangs are a major
exporter of cocaine, cannabis and a smaller exporter of heroin. In the drugs business they closely
cooperate with British firms and Colombian cartels for the importation and exportation of ecstasy and
cocaine,[4] while they cooperate with Moroccan drug barons in the Riffian areas and with Pashtun drug
lords based in Pakistan for the importation of hashish.
While the term Penose was and still is used to describe the ethnic Dutch crime lords, it has been used in a
broader context.

Criminal groups concerning the Penose

The penose concerns organized criminal groups with ties to the country of the Netherlands itself. Due to
immigration there are strong Turkish, Chinese, Yugoslav, Russian, Albanian and Italian communities in
the Netherlands. Criminal outfits such as the Turkish mafia, Triads, Serbian mafia, Russian mafia,
Albanian mafia, and the 'Ndrangheta are not regarded as a part of the traditional Penose, although they're
an active part of the Dutch criminal underworld nonetheless. The reason why Surinamese, Antillean,
Moroccan and Ambonese groups are considered to be a part of the Penose is because their criminal
groups were formed and based in the Netherlands, whereas the Turkish or Serb gangs are part of a
criminal group based in their home country.

Dutch crime groups

Indigenous organized crime based in some of The Netherlands' major cities, mainly Amsterdam and The
Hague, mostly has origins in the traditional working-class quarters. These small groups mainly consist of
local career criminals that band together for their involvement in organized criminal activities such as
extortion, loan sharking, prostitution and narcotics. Often these local criminals groups are strongly
connected with, or in some cases even have an official membership to, outlaw motorcycle gangs such as
the Hells Angels MC.[5][6]

Another type of indigenous organized crime is mainly based in the Flemish regions bordering the
Netherlands, mainly located in the provinces of Limburg and Antwerp. The region is known to be one of
the most important production areas for synthetic drugs such as ecstasy. It is home to organized criminal
gangs active in the production, transport and distribution of synthetic narcotics and marihuana, as well as
in the importation of hashish and cocaine, controlled by both local Flemish and Dutch criminal
entrepreneurs.[7][8][9]

Moroccan crime groups

Out of the Netherlands' substantial Moroccan community also grew criminal gangs mostly involved in
the trafficking of marihuana. This is due to the ties of some families to their area of origin, the Rif, which
is a known hub of marihuana/hashish cultivating. Certain criminals have also progressed to the
trafficking of cocaine. Armed robbery and prostitution are known activities of the Dutch Moroccan
groups as well, called the Mocro Maffia.[10]

Moluccan Kajahatan
The word kejahatan is Indonesian for 'committing crime' and has since become a synonym for
Moluccan organized crime. Due to the Netherlands' large Moluccan Ambonese community kejahatan
groups also exist in the Netherlands. Dutch Ambonese gangsters are involved in kidnapping, armed
robbery, extortion and drug trafficking, especially the growing and illegally distributing of marihuana.
An alleged criminal gang of Ambonese origin is Satudarah, a known one-percenter motorcycle club.
Ambonese gangsters have traditionally also assisted other criminal enterprises.[11] Incidents with the so-
called Tattoo killers, a Moluccan/Ambonese gang specialised in contract killing, have also been major
news in the Dutch criminal underworld in recent years.[12]
Afro-Dutch crime groups
Criminal groups consisting of descendants of Afro-Surinamese and Afro-Curaçaoan immigrants exist in
major cities in the Netherlands. While some of said groups are involved in petty crimes, other Afro-
Dutch crime groups have been responsible for the more sophisticated trafficking of cocaine.[13] Since
both Suriname and the Netherlands Antilles are known transit zones for the drug trafficking from
Colombia, Curaçaoan and Surinamese crime groups based in the Netherlands have also formed alliances
with said Colombian groups and have committed contract killings for them.[14] Prostitution, hijacking
and ripdeals are known activities of Afro-Surinamese and Afro-Curaçaoan groups.

Gang wars over turf have appeared from time to time. The Amsterdam district Bijlmermeer for instance
has been the scene of violence between two of its biggest gangs, the Hopi Boys and the Kloekhorststraat
Gang.[15] Aside from these Netherlands-originated groups, gangs that originated in the Caribbean have
also been able to set up shop in the Netherlands. The No Limit Soldiers gang, which originated in
Curaçao, for instance now has bases in cities such as Rotterdam, where they're involved in gang violence
and organized crime.[16]

Crips in the Netherlands

The Netherlands is the only country in Europe where the Crips have a significant presence. In the major
cities of Den Haag, Rotterdam and Amsterdam Crip-gangs were formed in the 80's. There are many Crip-
gangs in the Netherlands but only 12 of them are regarded as a serious criminal organization. The 12
criminal gangs are mostly composed of older adolescent males (in contrast to the majority of the street
gangs which are composed of youths) who are involved in organized crime such as drug trafficking, arms
trafficking, prostitution, contract killing and extortion. The groups are mainly composed of Dutch
Antilleans (mainly Afro-Curaçaoans) and Afro-Surinamese people.[17]

Notable Dutch criminals

Klaas Bruinsma trafficked hashish from Pakistan. His nickname was De Dominee (the
Reverend) due to his habit of dressing in black and lecturing others.
Willem Holleeder was one of the perpetrators of the Heineken kidnapping in 1983. In the
early 2000s, he extorted real estate trader Willem Endstra. Endstra was later killed,
allegedly by Holleeder.
Cor van Hout was the mastermind behind the kidnapping of Freddy Heineken. After serving
jail time, he went back into the underworld together with his brother-in-law Willem Holleeder.
He was assassinated in 2003, following other unsuccessful assassination attempts in 1996
and 2000.
John Mieremet and Sam Klepper made up a successful duo in the criminal underworld.
They were mostly involved in the hashish trade and robberies. In 2005, he was shot in
Thailand.

References
1. "Bargoens voor beginners" (http://www.voorbeginners.info/bargoens/). Voorbeginners.info.
Retrieved 2012-07-30.
2. "Woordenlijst-Waterloopleinmarkt" (http://www.waterloopleinmarkt.nl/woordenlijst.html).
Waterloopleinmarkt.nl. Retrieved 2012-07-30.
 3. "The ecstasy capital of the world < Dutch news | Expatica The Netherlands" (http://www.exp
atica.com/nl/news/local_news/the-ecstasy-capital-of-the-world-36_44150.html).
Expatica.com. Retrieved 2012-07-30.
4. "Dutch Cocaine Trade : The perspective of Rotterdam cocaine retail dealers" (https://web.ar
chive.org/web/20131029190024/http://www.ateno.nl/doc/Article%20Cocaine%20Trade%20k
l%20Crime%20Law%20%20Social%20Change.pdf) (PDF). Ateno.nl. Archived from the
original (http://www.ateno.nl/doc/Article%20Cocaine%20Trade%20kl%20Crime%20Law%2
0%20Social%20Change.pdf) (PDF) on 2013-10-29. Retrieved 2013-10-27.
5. "Cookies op AD.nl" (http://www.ad.nl/ad/nl/1012/Nederland/article/detail/2332755/2006/01/2
0/Holleeder-brein-Hells-Angels.dhtml). ad.nl.
6. "Dick V." (https://web.archive.org/web/20150411084648/http://www.panorama.nl/crimipedia/
dick-v) Panorama. Archived from the original (http://www.panorama.nl/crimipedia/dick-v) on
2015-04-11.
7. "Portraits-robots des mafias en Belgique" (http://www.levif.be/actualite/belgique/portraits-rob
ots-des-mafias-en-belgique/article-normal-166731.html). levif.be.
8. "België draaischijf van synthetische drugs" (http://www.vandaag.be/binnenland/110654_bel
gie-draaischijf-van-synthetische-drugs.html). vandaag.be.
9. jrosquin. "België grote producent van synthetische drugs" (http://www.hbvl.be/cnt/aid74949
5/belgie-grote-producent-van-synthetische-drugs). Het Belang van Limburg.
10. "Bijlage VIII - IV.7. Georganiseerde misdaad onder Marokkanen in Nederland" (http://www.b
urojansen.nl/traa/b8_2_30.htm). Burojansen.nl. Retrieved 2013-10-27.
11. "Maluku Lifestyle Hyve - hyves.nl" (http://malukulifestyle.hyves.nl/forum/3522704/epc3/Incid
enten_Molukse_KAJAHATAN_de_georganiseerde_misdaad/#). Malukulifestyle.hyves.nl.
Retrieved 2013-10-27.
12. "Tattoo-killer nieuw spoor in moord op motorhandelaar - Het Nieuwsblad" (http://www.nieuw
sblad.be/article/detail.aspx?articleid=DMF20121112_00366566). Nieuwsblad.be. 2012-11-
13. Retrieved 2013-10-27.
13. "Antilliaansdagblad" (http://www.antilliaansdagblad.com/images/stories/adnews/november/2
0-11-09/P07.pdf) (PDF). Antilliaansdagblad.com. Retrieved 2013-10-27.
14. "Geweld en liquidaties wekelijkse kost in Nederlandse drugswereld" (http://www.gva.be/regi
o-antwerpen-stad/borgerhout/geweld-en-liquidaties-zijn-wekelijkse-kost-nederlandse-drugs
wereld.aspx). Gva.be. 2013-10-22. Retrieved 2013-10-27.
15. "Moord Bijlmer in Fijne Buurt" (http://www.metronieuws.nl/binnenland/2013/09/moord-bijlme
r-in-fijne-buurt). Metronieuws.nl. 2013-09-09. Retrieved 2015-02-26.
16. "De Curaçao-Holland connection | Crimesite Panorama" (http://www.panorama.nl/crimipedi
a/de-curacao-holland-connection). Panorama.nl. 2013-08-28. Retrieved 2015-02-26.
17. "Gangs in Nederland | Crimesite Camilleri" (http://www.camilleri.nl/2012/01/gangs-in-nederla
nd/). Camilleri.nl. 2013-09-15. Retrieved 2013-10-27.

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