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STRUCTURE & CONSTRUCTION 2

SEM 2020/2021/1

WEEK 2
INTRODUCTION TO TIMBER & STEEL PROPERTIES
WEEK 2 - INTRODUCTION TO TIMBER & STEEL PROPERTIES

REVISION
WEEK 2 - INTRODUCTION TO TIMBER & STEEL PROPERTIES

BUILDING CONSTRUCTION BUILDING STRUCTURE

• Activities of construction in • Is anything that is
the environment constructed/ built from
different interrelated parts/
• Addition/ renovation/ members with a fixed
Demolition/ changing/ (permanently/ temporary)
upgrading works
• Building, bridge, canal,
• Involving the skill (design tunnel, railway,
management), technologies, infrastructure
machineries, materials and
peoples
WEEK 2 - INTRODUCTION TO TIMBER & STEEL PROPERTIES

SKELETON FRAMING SYSTEM

• A skeleton frame is a framed structure often used for the construction of single to multi-storey buildings.
• It incorporates a network, or system, of columns and connecting beams which support the building’s interior floors
and exterior walls & carried all loads to the foundation.
• Skeleton frames can be constructed from timber or steel components, with the building formed by glazing,
cladding, dry wall or any membrane hung on the outside.

Steel frame structure Timber frame structure

WEEK 2 - INTRODUCTION TO TIMBER & STEEL PROPERTIES

STRUCTURAL CLASSIFICATION BUILDING ENVELOPE

A good building envelope involves using exterior wall
The structural part materials and designs that are climate-appropriate,
above the ground. structurally sound and aesthetically pleasing.
Serve the purpose
of the structure’s
intended use.

Roof Frame
Beam
Wall + partition
Core Column
Staircase Floor slab

The structural part

below ground level
or direct contact to
the ground Retaining wall
Basement
Foundation The three basic elements of a building envelope are weather,
Drainage/sewer air and thermal barriers.
Transmit the load
from the building
to the ground
WEEK 2 - INTRODUCTION TO TIMBER & STEEL PROPERTIES

BUILDING COMPONENT

NON- STRUCTURAL
MEMBERS

engineering architecture
+ Architectural features
STRUCTURAL MEMBERS & finishes
+
Vertical strc

furniture
+ Column
+ Retaining wall
+ framing + Mechanical, plumbing
ext
+ core
Horizontal strc

+ beam
+ floor
WEEK 2 - INTRODUCTION TO TIMBER & STEEL PROPERTIES

RC ROOF SLAB ROOF STRUCTURE

BUILDING COMPONENT
REBAR
(REINFORCEMENT BARS)

ROOF TRUSSES PARAPET WALL

LINTEL
BEAM
OPENING (WINDOW)

COLUMN
BRICK WALL

GROUND BEAM

FOUNDATION
HARDCORE FLOOR
WEEK 2 - INTRODUCTION TO TIMBER & STEEL PROPERTIES

BUILDING FOUNDATION
WEEK 2 - INTRODUCTION TO TIMBER & STEEL PROPERTIES

FLOOR STRUCTURE WALL STRUCTURE

Vertical plane in building

Horizontal structure Conventionally component
that form as a wall is a
vertical, but in
platform modern const.
Industry it can structure Non-
be vertical, st r ucture
Transmitting the load to
diagonal &
the beam and column organic form
Load
bear ing Non-loadbearing
Creating space platform system
for specified activities
WEEK 2 - INTRODUCTION TO TIMBER & STEEL PROPERTIES

Masonry wall system Reinforce concrete

Stacking the brick technique to form a wall plane/ It can be a stacking system or using
vertical structure pouring technique (cast in situ) or ibs
Could be brick or stone
The main material is the concrete that
Bonding technique: English, Flemish, running, reinforced by steel bar in certain grade that
header, dutch, ext determined by the engineer

Material: natural stone, Load bearing system that support and

clay brick, vent block, transmit the load
cement block, plastic
block, polystyrene block Retaining wall?

Timber wall frame Curtain wall system

Dry construction system which is using Modern techniques in wall installation which
framing approaches is usually a dry construction and using
framing system
timber post (tiang) + noggin / stud (jenang
dinding) + joists (rasuk) + finishes/ weather Non structural component
board (papan dinding)
Installation techn: stick
Conventionally the structural system & unitized system
Member is straight but in modern (modular)
Const. industry timber structure Can
be erected in curvy and Organic
shape (engineered timber)
WEEK 2 - INTRODUCTION TO TIMBER & STEEL PROPERTIES

LINTEL / LINTOL/ LINTIL/ LYNTIL

is a structural horizontal
block t h a t spans the space
or opening between two
vertical supports.

similar function as beam/

small beam that carrying
the load above an opening.
WEEK 2 - INTRODUCTION TO TIMBER & STEEL PROPERTIES

LINTEL / LINTOL/ LINTIL/ LYNTIL

TIMBER LINTEL STONE LINTEL BRICK LINTEL

REINFORCED BRICK LINTEL STEEL LINTEL RC LINTEL

WEEK 2 - INTRODUCTION TO TIMBER & STEEL PROPERTIES

OPENING / APERTURES
Is a void section/ hollow portion on the wall/ roof

Can have a glass/ aperture leaf panel/ curtain

membrane/ totally void
WEEK 2 - INTRODUCTION TO TIMBER & STEEL PROPERTIES

OPENING (WINDOW TYPES)

FIXED WINDOW CASEMENT WINDOW TOP HUNG WINDOW EYEBROW WINDOW

AWNING WINDOW

SLIDING WINDOW NAKO WINDOW CORNER WINDOW BI-FOLD WINDOW

LOUVERED WINDOW

HOPPER WINDOW STAINED GLASS WINDOW

WEEK 2 - INTRODUCTION TO TIMBER & STEEL PROPERTIES

OPENING (DOOR TYPES)

HINGED DOOR FOLDING DOOR

PIVOT DOOR UP-OVER DOOR

SLIDING DOOR
WEEK 2 - INTRODUCTION TO TIMBER & STEEL PROPERTIES

ARCHES
WEEK 2 - INTRODUCTION TO TIMBER & STEEL PROPERTIES

LOUVERS
WEEK 2 - INTRODUCTION TO TIMBER & STEEL PROPERTIES

LOUVERS
WEEK 2 - INTRODUCTION TO TIMBER & STEEL PROPERTIES

ROOF (SPACE COVER) PITCH ROOF

Commonly is a top cover of the

space which cover the space
FLAT ROOF
from direct sun light and rain or
other falling object.

It can be built by separated

structure components or CURVED ROOF
monolithic system.

GREEN ROOF
WEEK 2 - INTRODUCTION TO TIMBER & STEEL PROPERTIES

ROOF DESIGN
WEEK 2 - INTRODUCTION TO TIMBER & STEEL PROPERTIES

PITCH ROOF FRAME

1) SINGLE ROOF
LEAN TO ROOF COUPLE ROOF COUPLE-CLOSE
ROOF COLLAR-BEAM ROOF

2) DOUBLE PURLIN ROOF

3) TRUSSES SYSTEM
KING POST TRUSS QUEEN POST TRUSS FINK/ W
FRAME TRUSS FAN TRUSS
HOWE TRUSS
MULTI-PANEL TRUSS
WEEK 2 - INTRODUCTION TO TIMBER & STEEL PROPERTIES

PITCH ROOF
COMPONENTS
WEEK 2 - INTRODUCTION TO TIMBER & STEEL PROPERTIES

SHELL ROOF / CURVED ROOF : DOME

is an architectural element that
resembles the hollow upper half of a
sphere.

beehive dome cloister vault crossed-arch dome hemispherical dome

braced dome compound dome geodesic dome onion dome

WEEK 2 - INTRODUCTION TO TIMBER & STEEL PROPERTIES

SHELL ROOF / CURVED ROOF: TENSILE FEBRIC STRUCTURE (HYPERBOLIC PARABOLOID)

a structure that is characterised by a tensioning of the membrane system
WEEK 2 - INTRODUCTION TO TIMBER & STEEL PROPERTIES

CONE ROOF
WEEK 2 - INTRODUCTION TO TIMBER & STEEL PROPERTIES

ROOF SECTIONAL DRAWING

WEEK 2 - INTRODUCTION TO TIMBER & STEEL PROPERTIES

STAIRCASE
A set of steps leading from surface of a
building to another surface,
Vertical access linkage/ connector
Stairway, staircase, stairwell, flight of stairs,

WHY STAIRCASE?
CONNECTING BUILDING/
STRUCTURAL FLOOR LEVEL
VERTICAL ACCESS
FIRE/ EMERGENCY ESCAPE
SECURITY SYSTEM
DESIGN FEATURES
WEEK 2 - INTRODUCTION TO TIMBER & STEEL PROPERTIES
WEEK 2 - INTRODUCTION TO TIMBER & STEEL PROPERTIES

STAIRCASE TYPES

Straight Flight Dog Legged Open Well Quarter Turn

WEEK 2 - INTRODUCTION TO TIMBER & STEEL PROPERTIES

STAIRCASE TYPES

Bifurcated Stairs Spiral Staircase Cat Ladder

WEEK 2 - INTRODUCTION TO TIMBER & STEEL PROPERTIES

ESCALATOR
WEEK 2 - INTRODUCTION TO TIMBER & STEEL PROPERTIES

RAMP 1:7
1:10
1:12
1:15
WEEK 2 - INTRODUCTION TO TIMBER & STEEL PROPERTIES

STAIRCASE : MATERIALS & DESIGN

WEEK 2 - INTRODUCTION TO TIMBER & STEEL PROPERTIES

STAIRCASE : MATERIALS & DESIGN

WEEK 2 - INTRODUCTION TO TIMBER & STEEL PROPERTIES

STAIRCASE OTHER MATERIALS & DESIGN

WEEK 2 - INTRODUCTION TO TIMBER & STEEL PROPERTIES

STAIRCASE OTHER MATERIALS & DESIGN

WEEK 2 - INTRODUCTION TO TIMBER & STEEL PROPERTIES

THANK YOU