CONFIDENTIAL EH/DEC 2019/CHE505

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA

FINAL EXAMINATION

COURSE REACTION ENGINEERING II

COURSE CODE CHE505

EXAMINATION DECEMBER 2019

TIME 3 HOURS

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES

1. This question paper consists of five (5) questions.

2. Answer ALL questions in the Answer Booklet. Start each answer on a new page.

3. Do not bring any material into the examination room unless permission is given by the
invigilator.

4. Please check to make sure that this examination pack consists of:

i) the Question Paper

ii) a one-page Appendix
iii) a one-page Form
iv) an Answer Booklet - provided by the Faculty

5. Answer ALL questions in English.

DO NOT TURN THIS PAGE UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO

This examination paper consists of 6 printed pages

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CONFIDENTIAL 2 EH/DEC 2019/CHE505

QUESTION 1

(P02, C03, C5)

The hydrogenation of ethylene (E) to form ethane (EA) is carried out over a cobalt
molybdenum catalyst.

C2H4 (g) + H2 (g) <-* C2H6 (g)

The reaction is said to be limited by the surface reaction of ethylene molecule and hydrogen
atom. It is also known that the hydrogen molecule, H2 adsorbs dissociatively on the cobalt
molybdenum catalyst.

a) Propose a reasonable Langmuir-Hinshelwood kinetic mechanism that may well

represent the overall reaction. The mechanism should indicate that the surface reaction
happens through two steps, with the dissociatively adsorbed hydrogen atom reacts in
each step.
(5 marks)

b) Based on the proposed mechanism above, derive a rate expression for the overall
reaction.
(12 marks)

QUESTION 2

(P02, C02, C2, C4)

a) Bubble column and spray tower are the examples of gas-liquid multiphase reactors,
mainly used in chemical engineering industries. Distinguish between these two types of
reactors by describing the flow configuration according to its phase with the aid of a
diagram.
(4 marks)

b) Hydrogenation of nitrobenzene (C6H5N02) to aniline (C6H7N) is carried out in a vertical

Falling Film Reactor (FFR) reactor where the aqueous solution of nitrobenzene
(20 ppm) wets the wall of the tube while a gas stream containing flows in counter-current
with the liquid solution. The gas stream contains of 25% H2 in H2/N2 flows and flowing at
atmospheric pressure. The tube has an outer diameter of 2 cm. The aqueous solution
flows inside the tube from the top at an average velocity of 5 cm/s and forms a falling
liquid film of 1 mm thickness on the inner wall of the tube. The reaction in the liquid
phase has the following stoichiometry:

C6H5N02 + 3H2 -> C6H7N + 2H20

Assuming if there is no reaction takes place in the gas phase, estimate the tube length
required to achieve a complete reaction of nitrobenzene if the mass transfer of H2
through the liquid limits the rate of reaction.

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Additional information:
Molecular weight of nitrobenzene = 123 g/mol
Molecular weight of water = 18 g/mol
Density of water = 1 g/cm3
Diffusivity of H2 in water = 5 x 10"4 cm2/s
Henry's Law constant for H2 in water = 7 x 104 atm
For laminar flow through a tube, Sherwood Number = 8/3

(13 marks)

QUESTION 3

(P01, C02, C4)

The interaction between oxygen molecules and motor oil molecules naturally leads to
chemical breakdown by oxidation. The suggested mechanism of the oxidation is given by the
following chain reactions.

l2 —-^ 2I-
I- + RH—^-» R- + HI
r. + o2 ——-> R02 •

R02- + RH -^-> ROOH +R-

2RO,« —^—* X

Where l2 is an initiator and RH is the hydrocarbon in the motor oil.

Assuming pseudo steady state on intermediates, solve for an expression for the rate of the
oxidation of the motor oil, (h-rh) with respect to the concentration of initiator and RH.
Determine the order of reaction.
(16 marks)

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CONFIDENTIAL EH/DEC 2019/CHE505

QUESTION 4

(P01.C02, C2, C4)

a) The following data were obtained for an enzyme inhibition reaction. By plotting the data
given in Table 1 using the double reciprocal method, determine the mode of inhibition.
Use the graph paper provided in Form 1 and attach together with your answer script.

Table 1: Biocatalytic inhibition reaction data

V0(uM/sec) for 0 0015 uM of Enzyme

[S] (mM)
[I] = 0 mM i [I] = 5 mM
5 2.73 1.82

10 5 3.33

20 8.57 5.71

50 15 10

(11 marks)

b) Determine the values of maximum velocity (Vm), inhibition maximum velocity (Vm,app),
Michaelis Menten constant (KM), inhibition Michaelis Menten constant (KM,aPp) and the
catalytic rate constant (kcat and Ki) of the uninhibited and inhibited enzyme obtained in
the reaction based. State the effects of Km and W/to the reaction.
(11 marks)

QUESTION 5

(POI, P02, C01, C03, C2, C6)

a) Describe the effects of agitation speed on:

i) oxygen transfer rate

ii) interfacial area
iii) thickness of liquid film
(6 marks)

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CONFIDENTIAL EH/DEC 2019/CHE505

b) Continuous cultivation of 400 L working volume (V) of Pseudomonas putida under

aerobic conditions is done in two different sizes of bioreactors. Rushton impeller (flat six-
blade disk turbine) with width (W) to diameter (D) ratio of 0.2 is installed in these two
reactors. The power number (A/p) of the impeller is 5. Table 2 shows the information
regarding to the cultivation.

Table 2: Cultivation of Pseudomonas putida in two different size of bioreactor.

Bioreactor Bioreactor
Details
1 2
Diameter of vessel (D), m 0.8 1.2

Diameter of impeller (D), m 0.1 0.15

Flow rate of substrate (F), L/h 110 110

Concentration of lactose consumed (AS), g/L 28

Maximum growth yield (VVs), gX/gS 0.42

Maximum yield of biomass on oxygen consumed

0.25
(Y*W), gx/g02
Density (p), kg/m3 759

Flow rate of oxygen supplied (F02), m3/min 0.05

Saturated dissolved oxygen (C*), mg/L 8

Dissolved oxygen concentration id), mg/L 2

Gravitational constant (g), m/s2 9.81

At the end of exponential growth, the cell concentration is constant. However, the growth
rate in the bioreactors is limited by oxygen transfer.

i) In order to overcome oxygen-transfer limitation at the steady-state for both

bioreactors, determine the suitable volumetric oxygen transfer coefficient (/c/.a).
(5 marks)

ii) Choose and discuss which bioreactor is the best for this fermentation, based on the
power consumption of aerated (Pa) and agitation speed (N) determined at the
volumetric oxygen transfer coefficient (faa) calculated in (i). The following
relationships may apply:

/cLa=2.0x10-3(^)°'V
-0.25 , 1/2n4 x-0-2°
Q Y ° / Nftf
•=0.101
NiVJ [gWi 2/3

P~pN?D?

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CONFIDENTIAL 6 EH/DEC 2019/CHE505

where:
kLa = volumetric oxygen transfer coefficient, 1/h
Pa = aerated power, W
Q aeration rate, m3/min
Di impeller diameter, m
Vs = superficial gas velocity, m/min
Ni impeller speed, rps
V liquid volume, m3
Wi impeller blade width, m
P power requirement of ungassed mixing ,w

(17 marks)

END OF QUESTION PAPER

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CONFIDENTIAL APPENDIX EH/DEC 2019/CHE505

EQUATIONS

Equations for Biocatalytic Reaction:

Vm[S] „ _„ /„ . [/]
v= K•m,app
Km+[S]

V,m
V,ft), app _ Vm,app[S]
V

(-1)
1 =J_ *SnJ_ Vm=Kca| (EQj
V Vffl Vm[S]

Equations for Bioreactor Engineering:

D=v 11 A

Where: Where:

D= Dilution rate, 1/h vs = Superficial gas velocity, m/min

F= Flow rate, L/h Q= Aeration rate, m3/min

V= Volume, L A= Cross sectional area of bioreactor, m2

X-Xn
Q= Yx/_ =
V l/s S0-S

|J„X
OUR=g02X=^ OTR=kLa (C -CL)
fQ2

-0.20
-0.25
0.7
m
rCLa=2.0^10-3(^) J.2 -^=0.10'
N/Vi W^
<9

Np=P^Df

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CONFIDENTIAL FORM EH/DEC 2019/CHE505

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