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Abbacus: Metal Enclosed Capacitor Bank
Abbacus: Metal Enclosed Capacitor Bank
Abbacus: Metal Enclosed Capacitor Bank
Feature Benefit
3.2 How do you improve purchased, due to power supplier’s tariffs, central
compensation is preferable.
power factor?
Group Compensation
A capacitor generates reactive power. When connected to
Group compensation instead of central compensation is
an apparatus, which requires reactive power, the load on
preferable if sufficiently large capacitors can be utilised. In
cables and transformers is relieved, thereby increasing the
addition to what is obtained at central compensation, load on
transmission capacity of active power.
P Q Q Qc = P ( tan – tan )
cables is reduced and losses decrease.
cos = sin = tan = 1 2
S S P
Q' S'
Figure 1: Uncompensated Load tan = 1
–1 2
cos
cos =
P
S
sin =
Q
S
tan =
Q
P
ShowsQc = the
P ( tan relationship
– tan ) between 1 2
Q' Individual
S' Compensation
apparent
tan = (S), 1active –1
(P) and reactive
cos 2
The special advantage with individual compensation is that
Q S power
Q (Q) at Sa certain power Q S
existing Qswitching and protective devices for the machine
factor (cos φ) of the load. The c
toS be compensated
S can also be utilised for switching and
Q S
load
Q
is uncompensated
S
and if the
QQ 2
2
protection
Q of the capacitors.
conductor or the transformer is fully c
Q c S2
loaded
Q
the Sarc of the circle defines Q 1
1
2
2
1 2
c
P Q1 P P P'
S1
1
2
1 2
P P P
Q
Figure 2: Compensated
Qc = P ( tan – tan )
Load P'
Central compensation
n = 1 2 — High Voltage side
n =
P
Q Qc = P ( tan – tan ) Shows
Q'
1
the reactive S'output (Q) from
2
P 1
tan = –1 Q' S'
tan =
cos
1 the power
2
supply network reduced by
–1
the capacitor output (Qc) to (Q1) when
2
cos
Q S
applying power
S
factor correction. Central compensation
Q
Q S TheQ total loadS on the
Q power supply c
— Low Voltage side
network
Q
is reduced QSfrom (S) to (S1) at 2
c
2
anQunchanged active S
power output. 2
2
Qc
Q1
S1 Q c
Q1 1
2 S1
1 2
1
2
P P P'
1 2
M M M
P P P'
Q2
S or the transformer is fully utilised
2
1 2
P P'
3.5 Resonance
Resonance can be a problem when capacitors for power Capacitors may lower the resonant frequency of a network
factor correction are applied to networks with nonlinear loads enough to create a resonant condition with the harmonic
that inject harmonic currents. With the ABBACUS solution this currents. As resonance is approached, the magnitude of
is no longer a problem. harmonic current in the network and capacitor becomes
much larger than the harmonic current generated by nonlinear
Resonance is a special network condition in which the loads. The higher current may be sufficient to damage
inductive reactance is equal to the capacitive reactance. capacitors.
All circuits have a resonant condition at some particular
frequency, known as the natural frequency of the circuit. A solution to this problem is to tune the circuit away from the
resonant frequency. Tuning away from this resonant frequency
is often referred to as ‘detuning’.
CAPACITORS
STAGE 1 STAGE 2
Design
The enclosure is designed and tested up to IP54, suitable
for indoor and outdoor applications over a wide range of
environmental conditions.
Safety
The enclosure is designed to exhaust hot gases safely away
from the operator under fault conditions. This is achieved
by having every module designed with roof vents to exhaust
gases vertically up and door vents to direct hot gases
vertically down away from personnel.
Handling
The enclosure base frame incorporates fork and crane lifting
facilities. This assists with trouble-free handling and assembly
of modules on site.
Anti-Condensation Heater
The ABBACUS enclosure is designed with anti-condensation
heaters to assist in controlling the effects of fluctuating
ambient temperatures and humidity.
5.1.4 Busbars
The busbar support system used in the ABBACUS, is made
from tinned copper, is mechanically rated to withstand an
unconditional fault level of 25kA and thermally rated to
withstand 20kA for 3 seconds.
The ABB power capacitor is an all film design, with very low
dielectric losses, low partial discharge, rsulting in an extended
life time. Each capacitor has several elements that consist of
a dielectric of polypropylene film and aluminium foil, which
are connected in series and parallel groups, and star or delta
connections depending on design.
Inrush Reactors
Inrush reactors reduce the current surge when switching
capacitor stages in parallel, as defined by international
standards. These inrush reactors are aluminum wound and
resin encapsulated.
Detuning Reactors
Detuning reactors prevent series and parallel harmonic
resonance which can occur when capacitors are connected to
a network where high levels of harmonic currents are present.
The reactors are tuned according to the application and are of
an iron cored dry type design.
Metal Enclosed
Capacitor Banks
FIXED BANK
SWITCHED BANK
I Inrush Reactors
Inrush Reactors Detuning Reactors
I Inrush Reactors
D Detuning Reactors
0 No Incomer Module
1 Incomer Module
VARIANT NUMBER
REFER TO SECTION 7 FOR LAYOUT VARIANT NUMBER
0
0
0
10
I 00
I 10
I 11
I 10
I 10
00
I 01
I 02
I 10
I 00
I 10
I 00
I 10
D1
D1
D1
D0
D1
D1
D1
7 SI
I
12 S
12 S
17 S
24 S
12 S
12 S
17 S
24 S
12 F
12 F
17 F
12 F
12 F
17 F
24 F
24 F
12 F
12 F
17 F
24 F
FEATURE
CB
CB
CB
CB
CB
CB
CB
CB
CB
CB
CB
CB
CB
CB
CB
CB
CB
CB
CB
CB
CB
ME
ME
ME
ME
ME
ME
ME
ME
ME
ME
ME
ME
ME
ME
ME
ME
ME
ME
ME
ME
ME
Enclosure General Details
Step Configuration
Fixed S S S S S S S S – – – – – – S S S S – – –
Switched – – – – – – – – S S S S S S – – – – S S S
Maximum Number
– – – – – – – – 4 4 4 4 4 4 – – – – 4 4 4
of Switched Stages
*Step Size Power
1 2 3.5 3.4 2.6 2.6 2.5 2.5 2 1 2.5 3.3 2.6 2.5 2.5 3.5 2.0 2.5 2.5 2.0 2.5
*Mvar up to —
Reactor Type
Inrush S S S S S S S S S S S S S S – – – – – – –
**Detuned ‘P’=7% – – – – – – – – – – – – – – S S S S S S S
IP Rating
IP 31 S S – – – – – – – S – – – – – – – – – – –
IP 44 – – S S S S S S S – S S S S S S S S S S S
IP 54 – – O O O O O O O – O O O O O O O O O O O
Indoor S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S
Outdoor – – S S S S S S S – S S S S S S S S S S S
Voltage Range (kV) <
–12 <
–12 <
–12 <
–12 >12 >12 >17.5 >17.5 <– 7.2 <–12 <
–12 <
–12 >12 >17.5 <–12 <
–12 >12 >17.5 <–12 >12 >17.5
– 17.5 – 17.5 – 24 – 24 – 17.5 – 24 – 17.5 – 24 – 17.5 – 24
Cubicle Floor S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S
Enclosure Material
Zinc Coated Steel S S – – – – – – – S – – – – – – – – – – –
Aluminium – – S S S S S S S – S S S S S S S S S S S
Safety Door Interlocks Key Release System
Electrical Signal O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
Fortress Key O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
Electrical Signal
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
with Timer
* Please refer to Section 6.4 for the graphical representation of the Maximum Power Module Capacity
** For other ‘P’ values contact ABB
S Standard
O Optional
– Not Applicable/Not Available
0
0
0
10
I 00
I 10
I 11
I 10
I 10
I 00
I 01
I 02
I 10
I 00
I 10
I 00
I 10
D1
D1
D1
D0
D1
D1
D1
7 SI
12 S
12 S
17 S
24 S
12 S
12 S
17 S
24 S
12 F
12 F
12 F
12 F
17 F
17 F
24 F
24 F
12 F
12 F
17 F
24 F
FEATURE
CB
CB
CB
CB
CB
CB
CB
CB
CB
CB
CB
CB
CB
CB
CB
CB
CB
CB
CB
CB
CB
ME
ME
ME
ME
ME
ME
ME
ME
ME
ME
ME
ME
ME
ME
ME
ME
ME
ME
ME
ME
ME
Incomer Module Control Cubicle
Power Module
Capacitors S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S
Pressure Switches O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
Contactor/Switches – – – – – – – – S S S S S S – – – – S S S
HRC Fuses S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S
Fuse Failure Indication O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
Connection Bus Bars – – – – – – – – S S S S S S – – – – S S S
Unbalance CT – O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
Rapid Discharge VT – O O O O O O O O O – O O O O O O O O O O
Cooling Fan/
– – O O O O O O – – – O O O S S S S S S S
Fan Forced Ventilation
Anti Condensation Heater O O S S S S S S S O S S S S S S S S S S S
Earthing Stick – – O O O O O O O – O O O O O O O O O O O
Ventilation S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S
Internal Lights – – S S S S S S S – S S S S S S S S S S S
S Standard
O Optional
– Not Applicable/Not Available
4000
MAXIMUM STEP OUTPUT ( kvar )
3500
3000 MECB 12 FI 00
2500
MECB 12 FI 01
2000
1500
MECB 12 FI 10,
1000 MECB1212FIFI02
MECB 02
500
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
BANK VOLTAGE (kV)
MAXIMUM STEP OUTPUT ( kvar )
4000
3500
3000
MECB 12 SI 00
2500
MECB 7 SI 10
2000
MECB 12 SI 10
1500
MECB 12 SI 11
1000
500
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
BANK VOLTAGE (kV)
4000
MAXIMUM STEP OUTPUT ( kvar )
3500
3000
2500
MECB 12 FD 00
2000
MECB 12 FD 10
1500
1000
500
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
BANK VOLTAGE (kV)
3000
MAXIMUM STEP OUTPUT ( kvar )
2500
2000
1500
MECB 12 SD 10
1000
500
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
BANK VOLTAGE (kV)
2500
6.4.2
2000
Maximum Power Module Capacity >12kV – 17.5kV
1500 MECB 17 FI 10,
MECB 17 FI 00,
MAXIMUM POWER MODULE CAPACITY > 12kV - 17.5kV MECB 17 SI 10
1000
3000
M(AkXvIM
500
2500
MAXIMUM STEP OUTPUT
0
2000 12 13 14 15 16 17
BANK VOLTAGE (kV) MECB 17 FI 10,
1500
MECB 17 FI 00,
MECB 17 SI 10
1000
500
0
12 13 14 15 16 17
BANK VOLTAGE (kV)
2050
arU) M STEP OUTPUT ( kvar )
2000
1950
1900
MECB 17 FD 10,
1850 MECB 17 SD 10
1800
2050
M(AkXvIM
1750
2000
1700
MAXIMUM STEP OUTPUT
1950
12 13 14 15 16 17
1900 BANK VOLTAGE (kV)
MECB 17 FD 10,
1850 MECB 17 SD 10
1800
1750
1700
12 13 14 15 16 17
BANK VOLTAGE (kV)
3000
MAXIMUM STEP OUTPUT ( kvar )
2500
2000
0
17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
BANK VOLTAGE (kV)
DANGER DANGER
HIGH VOLTAGE HIGH VOLTAGE
1800
1800
ABB ABB
DANGER DANGER
HIGH VOLTAGE HIGH VOLTAGE
75
75
1800
1800
800 1250
1150 1600 760
75
75
FRONT VIEW: MECB 12 FI 00 FRONT VIEW: MECB 12 FI 01 SIDE VIEW:
MECB 12 FI 00/01, MECB 12 SI 00
800 1250
1150 ABB ABB
1600 ABB ABB
760
FRONT VIEW: MECB 12 FI 00 FRONT VIEW: MECB 12 FI 01 SIDE VIEW:
MECB 12 FI 00/01, MECB 12 SI 00
DANGER DANGER DANGER DANGER
HIGH VOLTAGE HIGH VOLTAGE HIGH VOLTAGE HIGH VOLTAGE
1800
ABB ABB ABB ABB
75
1800
5350
75
5350
FRONT VIEW: MECB 12 7.1.2
SI 00 POWER MODULES
<
– 12kV
Cable entry box plus multiple power modules ( up to 4 stages )
DANGER
2260
1700
1700 2755 2165
DANGER
2260
7855
DANGER
DANGER DANGER DANGER DANGER
DANGER
2260
1700 3000
FRONT VIEW: MECB 17 FI 00 FRONT VIEW: MECB 17 FI 10, MECB 17 FD 10
DANGER
2260
1700
3000 1700 2165
DANGER
2260
4000 2755
DANGER
DANGER DANGER
1700 3000
FRONT VIEW: MECB 24 FI 00 FRONT VIEW: MECB 24 FI 10
DANGER DANGER
DANGER
3000 1700
4700
FRONT VIEW: MECB 24 FD 10
2004
INCOMER & STAGE 1 STAGE 2
1700
4000 2755 2165
FRONT VIEW: MECB 24 SI 10 SIDE VIEW:
Incomer plus multiple Power Modules (up to 4 stages) MECB 24 FI 10, MECB 24 SI 10
MECB 24 FD 10, MECB 24 SD 10
INCOMER & STAGE 1 STAGE 2
5700 4455
FRONT VIEW: MECB 24 SD 10
Incomer plus multiple Power Modules (up to 4 stages)
PLAN VIEW
PLAN VIEW
MECB 12 FI 10, MECB 7 SI 10, MECB 12 SI 10, MECB 12 SI 11, MECB 12 FD 10, MECB 12 SD 10
PLAN VIEW
PLAN VIEW
TO CT
2260 2260
MECB 12 FD 10 MECB 12 SD 10
2260 2260
MECB 17 FD 10 MECB 17 SD 10
2260
MECB 24 FD 10
2260
MECB 24 SD 10
Circuit Breaker
Inrush Reactors ABB Model VD4
Type Single phase, air core Type Vacuum
Inductance Specific to application Phase Three
Continuous current 1.43 x capacitor current Current rating 630A
Temperature class Max T55/F Short time current 25kA for 1 sec #
Auxiliary contacts Available
Mechanism Motor
Detuning (Filter) Reactors Interlocking Optional
Type Single or three phase, iron core
Inductance Specific to application
Continuous current Specific to application Isolator
Harmonic loading Specific to application ABB Model NAL
Limit of linearity (95%) ≥1.7 x Nominal Current Type Air insulated
Temperature class Max. T55/F Phase Three
Current rating 630A
Short time current 25kA for 1 sec #
Auxiliary contacts Available
Mechanism Snap action spring
(hand operated)
Interlocking Optional