1.Frequency Modulation vs.

Amplitude Modulation
Sr. Frequency Modulation Amplitude Modulation
No
1 In FM, a radio wave known as the In AM, a radio wave known as the
“carrier” or “carrier wave” is modulated “carrier” or “carrier wave” is modulated in
in frequency by the signal that is to be amplitude by the signal that is to be
transmitted. transmitted.

2 FM radio ranges in high spectrum from AM radio ranges from 535 to 1705KHz or
88 to 108MHz or 1200 to 2400 bits per up to 1200 bits per second.
second.
3 In FM received signal is of high quality. In AM received signal is of low quality.
4 It has an infinite number of sidebands. It has only two sidebands.

5 Modulating the frequency of carrier Modulating the amplitude of carrier signal

signal with constant amplitude. with constant frequency.

6 It has high sound quality. It has poor sound quality.

7 Bandwidth is higher. Bandwidth is lower.
8 FM transmission and reception AM transmission and reception equipment
equipment are more complex. are less complex.
9 All transmitted power is useful. Carrier power and one sideband power is
useless.

10 Space wave is used for propagation. So, Ground wave and sky wave propagation is
radius of transmission is limited to line used. Therefore, larger area is covered
of sight. than FM.
2. Synchronous vs. Asynchronous Data Transfer
Sr. Synchronous Data Transfer Asynchronous Data Transfer
No

1 Here data is transformed in full duplex It transmits data in half duplex mode, one
mode in the form of frames or blocks. byte or character at a time.

2 It requires a clock signal between the Here sender and receiver does not require a
sender and the receiver so as to inform clock signal as data sent here has a parity bit
the receiver about the new byte. attached to it which indicates the start of the
new byte.

3 No start or stop bits are required. It requires start and stop bit.
4 It is implemented by hardware and It is implemented by hardware only.
software.

5 There are no gaps between the data. There are gaps between data.
6 It has faster data transfer rate. It has slower data transfer rate.
7 It is complex and expensive It is very simple and economic
8 It is more efficient and overhead due to It is less efficient and overhead.
start and stop bits.

9 Time travel is constant. Time travel is random.

10 Used in chat rooms, telephonic Used in Email, forums, letters.
conversations, video conferencing.