0

CHAPTER 1
1.1 Introduction to Bain Bajalta

Bain Bajalta is a Village in Dansal Block in Jammu District of Jammu & Kashmir State,
India. It is located 12 KM towards North from District head quarters Jammu. 162 KM from
State capital Srinagar, Jammu 

Bain Bajalta Pin code is 180017 and postal head office is Majeen . 

Bain Bajalta is surrounded by Bhalwal Block towards west , Rajauri Block towards South ,
Panchrai Block towards South , Jammu Block towards South.

The latitude 32.7058119 and longitude 74.8735428 are the geocoordinate of the Bain Bajalta.

 Demographics of Bain Bajalta

The native language of Bain Bajalta is Urdu and most of the village people speak in it. Bain
Bajalta people use Urdu, hindi, dogri language for communication.

 Bain Bajalta Sun rise time

Bain Bajalta village is located in the UTC 5.30 time zone and it follows indian standard
time(IST). Bain Bajalta sun rise time varies 30 minutes from IST. The vehicle driving side in
Bain Bajalta is left, all vehicles should take left side during driving. Bain Bajalta people are
using its national currency which is Indian Rupee and its internationl currency code is INR.
Bain Bajalta phones and mobiles can be accesed by adding the indian country dialing code
+91 from abroad. Bain Bajalta people are following the dd/mm/yyyy date format in day-to-
day life.

Colleges near Bain Bajalta

Degree College Jindrag

Address : Near Hr Sec Scool Jindrah
Food Craft Institute -Jammu 

Village Dhammi Bhara..Bhamyal mood P.O.Shibba; Jammu -Udhampur National Highway;

Nagrota -Jammu; Jammu and Kashmir 181221 phone:
070065 36087 
2.3 KM distance

jammu law college 

Nardni-Raipur (Kot-Bhalwal Road) Jammu; Jammu; Jammu and Kashmir 181123 phone:

094191 19123 
5.6 KM distance 

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Rashtriya Sanskrit Sansthan Shri Ranbir Campus 

Bhalwal; Jammu and Kashmir 181122 phone:

0191 262 3090 
6.8 KM distance 

Model Institute of Engineering and Technology 

Kot Bhalwal; Jammu; Jammu and Kashmir 181122 phone:

090183 12123 
7.1 KM distance

Schools near Bain Bajalta

Hss Migrant Camp Nagorota

Address : nagrota , dansal , jammu , Jammu & Kashmir . PIN- 181221 , Post - Kandoli
Nagrota
Kphs Kah-pohta
Address : pohta , dansal , jammu , Jammu & Kashmir . PIN- 181224 , Post - Dansal
La Hs Dansal
Address : dansal , dansal , jammu , Jammu & Kashmir . PIN- 181224 , Post - Dansal
Dip Hss Kathar (manwal)
Address : kathar , dansal , jammu , Jammu & Kashmir . PIN- 181224 , Post – Dansal
Government High School 

Anuradhapuram; Jammu 181123 phone:

7.1 KM distance 

St.Joseph's Convent School 

Nagrota; Jammu and Kashmir 181221 phone:

7.2 KM distance 

KV ; Nagrota 

NH 1A; Jammu and Kashmir 181221 phone:

0191 267 3837 
7.3 KM distance 

2
Bain Bajalta Location
Tehsil Name : Dansal 
District : Jammu 
State : Jammu & Kashmir 
Language : Hindi and Kashmiri,and Urdu, Dogri 
Time zone: IST (UTC+5:30) 
Telephone Code / Std Code: 01992 
Pin Code : 180017 
Post Office Name : Majeen
How to Reach Bain Bajalta
Bain Bajalta

By Train
Manwal Rail Way Station , Sangar Rail Way Station are the very nearby railway stations to
Bain Bajalta. How ever Jammu Tawi Rail Way Station is major railway station 23 KM near
to Bain Bajalta

Nearby Railway Stations

Manwal- 10 KM
Sangar- 10 KM
Bajalta- 14 KM
Ram Nagar- 17 KM

Places near Bain Bajalta

Udhampur- 15 KM
Katra- 16 KM
Vaishno Devi- 20 KM
Jammu- 22 KM
Akhnoor Fort- 26 KM
Bain Bajalta nearby Places
Few nearby places of Bain Bajalta are listed below for your reference:

Cities
Udhampur- 19 KM
Jammu- 20 KM
Kathua- 82 KM
Sujanpur- 93 KM

Taluks
Dansal- 0 KM
Bhalwal- 17 KM
Udhampur- 19 KM
Jammu- 20 KM

3
1.2 Introduction to Agriculture

Agriculture is the cultivation of land and breeding of animals and plants to provide food,
fiber, medicinal plants and other products to sustain and enhance life. Agriculture was the key
development in the rise of sedentary human civilization, whereby farming of domesticated
species created food surpluses that enabled people to live in cities. The study of agriculture is
known as agricultural science. The history of agriculture dates back thousands of years;
people gathered wild grains at least 105,000 years ago and began to plant them around 11,500
years ago before they became domesticated. Pigs, sheep, and cattle were domesticated over
10,000 years ago. Crops originate from at least 11 regions of the world. Industrial agriculture
based on large-scale monoculture has in the past century come to dominate agricultural
output, though about 2 billion people worldwide still depend on subsistence agriculture.

Modern agronomy, plant breeding, agrochemicals such as pesticides and fertilizers, and
technological developments have sharply increased yields from cultivation, but at the same
time have caused widespread ecological and environmental damage. Selective breeding and
modern practices in animal husbandry have similarly increased the output of meat, but have
raised concerns about animal welfare and environmental damage through contributions to
global warming, depletion of aquifers, deforestation, antibiotic resistance, and growth
hormones in industrially produced meat. Genetically modified organisms are widely used,
although they are banned in several countries.

The major agricultural products can be broadly grouped into foods, fibers, fuels, and raw
materials (such as rubber). Classes of foods include cereals (grains), vegetables, fruits, oils,
meat, milk, fungi and eggs. Over one-third of the world's workers are employed in
agriculture, second only to the service sector, although the number of agricultural workers in
developed countries has decreased significantly over the past several centuries.

Indian agriculture began by 9000 BCE as a result of early cultivation of plants, and
domestication of crops and animals. Settled life soon followed with implements and
techniques being developed for agriculture. Double monsoons led to two harvests being
reaped in one year. Indian products soon reached the world via existing trading networks and
foreign crops were introduced to India. Plants and animals—considered essential to their
survival by the Indians—came to be worshiped and venerated.

The middle ages saw irrigation channels reach a new level of sophistication in India and
Indian crops affecting the economies of other regions of the world. Land and water
management systems were developed with an aim of providing uniform growth. Despite
some stagnation during the later modern era the independent Republic of India was able to
develop a comprehensive agricultural programme.

4
Agriculture in jammu and kashmir-

Salient Features
Perspective in Agriculture Sector

 Over 65% of the population of more than one crore depend on agriculture and allied
sectors.
 Agriculture and Allied Sectors Contribute 27% of State Income.
 State faces massive deficit in food (40%), Oilseeds (70%) and vegetables (30%)
 Net Sown Area (NSA) at 7.52 lac ha (2004-05) is 35% of the reported area as against
National Average of 46%.
 Only 42% area is under irrigation. Around 90% of available ground water is
unutilized.
 Over 70% of NSA is under food crops. A little over 13% is under fruits.
 Productivity level of all agricultural crops is lower than national averages.
 The main Kharif crops of the State are rice, maize, pulses, vegetables and fodder
covering 78% of the NSA.
 Over 65% of the population of more than one crore depend on agriculture and allied
sectors.

5
Thrust Area in Agriculture

 Vegetable Production including protected cultivation through Low Cost Green House
Technology and emphasis on off-season vegetable production.
 Commercial floriculture, aromatic and medicinal plant cultivation.
 Development of Apiculture and Mushroom.
 On Farm Irrigation Management.
 Above all, diversification of agriculture into commercially more remunerative crops.

Advantage J and K

 Varied Agro-Climatic Zones expressing in a wide variety of agricultural &

horticultural produce, some of which area unique to the State
 Jammu home to high quality Basmati, Rajmash
 Kashmir home to high quality Saffron, Zeera, fresh and dry temperate fruits and
commercial floriculture
 Ladakh home to high quality apricots and sea-buck thorn berry
 Potential for Bio-Diversification due to agro-climatic and soil conditions

Disadvantages

 Hilly terrain, limiting mechanical farming and transportation of products especially

horticulture produce.
 Hilly terrain also limits irrigability of cultivated land
 Fragile soil in hilly areas susceptible to soil erosion
 Single Cropping season in temperate / high altitude areas
 Distant markets for export outside the State

Opportunities and Potential

 Off-season vegetable development

 Conducive agro-climatic conditions for development of commercial floriculture,
aromatic & medicinal plants, olive, kiwi fruit and pecan-nuts
 Vast scope for Jetropha cultivation on waste land and rainfed areas of jammu region
 Conducive flora and environment for sericulture and taser culture
 Conducive soil & environmental conditions for the production of virus free quality
seeds for flowers and vegetables

6
1.3 Agriculture in Bain Bajalta

 The major crops produced in bain bajalta were wheat, maize, and rice.
 Majority of the people in bain bajalta were in the agro industry.
 Majority of the people is bain bajalta were focused of growing a single crop and weren’t
aware of the concept of multiple cropping and double cropping.
 The land in bain bajalta was not optimally utilised and some of it had lost its cultivation
capacity,
 Majority of people were not able to optimally utilise the resources available to them.
 They were not able to earn much irrespective of the vast land they had.
 Majority of them weren’t aware of the new cultivating techniques and government
incentives given to agriculture sector.
 People in bain bajalta were not able to use their lands effectively and efficiently
irrespective of having 3 - 4 working hands in the family.

7
 CHAPTER 2
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

2.1 Introduction
Data collection is the most essential aspect of any research because the whole result of
research depends on the data and information, therefore, the methodology adopted by me to
collect the data final interpretation were through.

2.2 Need of the Study

 To study about bain bajalta.
 To identify the problems of the common people of bain bajalta.
 To know about their agriculture conditions.
 To investigate the cause for the lack of agriculture facilities.

2.3 Objectives of the study

 To know whether there is proper agriculture facilities.

 To know whether the grievances related agriculture are solved by the govt. or not.
 To know whether they are aware of new agriculture techniques.
 To know whether they are aware of new agriculture schemes.

2.4 Sources of Data

Primary Data
Primary sources of data are the data which needs the personal efforts to collect it and
which are not readily available. Primary sources of data are the other type of sources
through which the data was collected. For collecting primary data, questionnaires were
given to the respondents of fill it, based on which the data was interpreted.

8
Secondary Data
Secondary sources are the other important sources through which the data were collected.
These are the readily available sources of the data where one had need not put much
effort to collect, because it is already being collected and part in an elderly manner by
some researchers, experts and socialites. The secondary data was collected through
internet.

2.5 Sampling Design

Target Population: Bain bajalta, Jammu
Sample Size: 79 respondents were selected for the study
Sampling Technique: Convenience sampling technique

2.6 Statistical tools used

Measures of central tendency, Measures of dispersion, Bar graphs, pie charts, tables and
percentages were used to analyze the data.

2.7 Applications of statistical tools:

MEAN:
The mean is the most popular and well known measure of central tendency. It can be used
with both discrete and continuous data, although its use is most often with continuous.
The mean is equal to the sum of all the values in the data set divided by the number of values
in the data set.
In our data we have calculated mean to find average of the data.
Significance:
 The statistical mean has a wide range of applicability in various types of experimentation.
This type of calculation eliminates random errors and helps to derive a more accurate
result than a result derived from a single experiment.

9
 The statistical mean can also be used to interpret statistical data. Some important
properties make statistical mean very useful for measuring central tendency.
 Statistical mean is popular because it includes every item in the data set and it can easily
be used with other statistical measurements

 Through our data we can analyze that mean is affected by the value of every item in the
series.

MEDIAN:
The median is a simple measure of central tendency. Median refers to the middle value in a
distribution.

Significance:

 Even though the mean is the most common measure of the central tendency, the median is
used where statistical measure makes a definitive social impact.

 Median can be used in situations where we cannot get a proper measurement but can rank
data in a order.

 Median is useful for distributions containing open-end intervals since these intervals do
not enter its computation.

 Median is also affected by the number rather than the size of item

MODE:
The mode is a statistical term that refers to the most frequently occurring number found in a
set of numbers. The mode is most occurring number in the series.
We have calculated mode in our data by collecting and organising data in order to count the
frequency of each result. The result with the highest number of occurrences is the mode of
the set.
Significance:

10
The mode is calculated when the most typical value of a distribution is desired .It is the most
meaningful measure of central tendency

CORRELATION:
Correlation is the measure of degree of relatedness of variables. Correlation helps us in
analyzing the co variation of two or more variables.
In our data also we have calculated correlation on the basis of two variables.

Significance:

 Correlation is calculated to show some kind of relationship between two variables.

 Correlation analysis contributes to the understanding of economic behavior.
 The effect of correlation is to reduce the range of uncertainty.

REGRESSION:
Regression is the measure of the average relationship between two or more variables in terms
of the original units of the data.
In our data we have calculated regression to find out average relation between two variables.

Significance:
 Regression analysis provides estimates value of the dependent variable from values of the
independent variable.
 Main aim of regression analysis is to obtain a measure of the error involved in using the
regression as a basis for estimation.

STANDARD DEVIATION:
Standard deviation is the measure of dispersion of a set of data from its mean. It measures the
absolute variability of a distribution; the higher the dispersion or variability, the greater is the
standard deviation and greater will be the magnitude of the deviation of the value from their
mean.

Significance:
 It measures the deviation from the mean, which is a very important statistic

11
 It squares and makes the negative numbers Positive
 The square of small numbers is smaller (Contraction effect) and large numbers larger
(Expanding effect). So it makes you ignore small deviations and see the larger one clearly!
2.8 Limitations of the study

 The sample size is 79 people only. Bain bajalta, is a large village.

 Some respondents might not have answered the question seriously as they felt hesitant to
express their true opinions.
 Only questionnaire was used as a source of collecting data.
 A lot of information had to be collected within a limited period of time; therefore the study
is not comprehensive.
 The villager’s attitude and opinion may change in the future. So, future relevance of the
study cannot be assured.

12
 CHAPTER 3
3.1 OUR RESEARCH
1. Agriculture
X f
0-20 3
20-40 15
40-60 18
60-80 16
Solution:

X f M dx fdx cf fdx2
0-20 3 10 -2 -6 3 12
20-40 15 30 -1 -15 18 15
40-60 18 50 0 0 36 0
60-80 16 70 1 16 52 16
-5 43

∑ fdx
Mean = A+ xi
N

= 48.1

N
−cf
Median = L + 2 xi
f

N
= 26
2

Median = 48.8

Mode = 3Median – 2Mean

= 50.2
2 2
Standard Deviation = ∑ f dx −(∑ fdx) x i
√ N

= 0.90

2
Quartile Deviation = x S.D
3

13
 = 0.6

Mean Deviation = 0.72

2. Agriculture Land
1: Self Owned Lands

2: Working on Owner’s Land

3: Land taken on loan

X f
1 22
2 16
3 12

Solution:

x f ∑fx (∑fx)2 c.f

1 22 22 484 22
2 16 32 1024 38
3 12 36 1296 50
Total 50 90 2804

∑ fx
Mean =
∑f

90
=
50

= 1.8
th
Median =¿) item

50+1 th
=( ) item
2

= 25.5th item

Median = 2

Mode = Highest frequency

Mode = 2

14
Standard Deviation = √ ¿ ¿ ¿

2804
=
√ 90

= √ 31.15

= 5.58

Quartile Deviation = Q3 − Q1

N +1 th N +1 th
= 3( 4 ) − ( 4 ) item

51 51
= 3( )−
4 4

= 38.25th item – 12.75th item

=3–1

=2

15
3. Cropping
Single Cropping: 1

Double Cropping: 2

Multiple Cropping: 3

X f
1 15
2 22
3 13

Solution:

X f ∑fx cf (∑fx)2
1 15 15 15 225
2 22 44 37 1936
3 13 39 50 521
50 98 3682

∑ fx
Mean =
∑f

= 1.96

th
Median =¿) item

=2

Mode = 2

Standard Deviation = √ ¿ ¿ ¿

3682
=
√ 50

= √ 73.64

= 8.58

Quartile Deviation = Q3 − Q1

16
 N +1 th N +1 th
= 3( 4 ) − ( 4 ) item

99 99
= 3( )−
4 4

= 74.25th item – 24.75th item

=3–2

=1

4. Income Generated
17
 X f
0-5000 26
5000-10000 12
10000-15000 8
15000-above 4

Solution:

X f M dx’ fdx’ cf fdx2

0-5000 26 2500 -2 -52 26 104
5000-10000 12 7500 -1 -12 38 12
10000-15000 8 12500 0 0 46 0
15000-above 4 17500 1 4 50 4
50 -60 120

∑ fdx '
Mean = A+ xi
N

= 6500

N
−cf
Median= L + 2 xi
f

N 50
= = 25
2 2

Median = 4583

Mode = 749
2 2
Standard Deviation = ∑ f dx −(∑ fdx) x i
√ N

= 4899(approx.)

Quartile Deviation = 3266

Mean Deviation = 3919

5. Irrigation
18
 1- Old Technique
2- New Technique
1 33
2 17

Solution:

X f fx cf (fx)2
1 8 8 8 64
2 42 84 50 7054
50 92 7120

∑ fx
Mean =
∑f

= 1.84

th
Median =¿) item

=2

Mode = 2

Standard Deviation = √ ¿ ¿ ¿

7120
=
√ 50

= √ 142.4

= 11.93

Quartile Deviation = Q3 − Q1

N +1 th N +1 th
= 3( 4 ) − ( 4 ) item

51 51
= 3( )−
4 4

= 38.25th item – 12.75th item

=2

6. Literacy
X f
0-20 20
19
 20-40 10
40-60 5
60-80 2

Solution:

X f m fm cf d(x-A)
0-20 20 10 200 20 -40
20-40 10 30 300 30 -20
40-60 5 50 250 35 0
60-80 2 70 140 37 20
37 890

∑ fx
Mean =
∑f

= 24.05

th
Median =¿) item

= 37
2 2
Standard Deviation = ∑ f d −( ∑fd) x i
√ N

= 6678.32

Q.D = 4452.21

M.D = 5342.656

Mode

Grouping Table

20
 X f(I) (II) (III) (IV) (V)
0-20 20 30
20-40 10 `15 35
40-60 5 7 17
60-80 2

0-20 20-40 40-60 60-80

I 1 1
II 1 1
III 1 1
IV 1 1 1
V 1 1
Total 3 4 3 1

f 1−f 0
Mode = L1 +
2 f 1−f 0−f 2 x C

= 60

7. Salary
X f
21
 0-20000 48
20000-40000 10
40000-60000 4
60000-80000 1

Solution:

X f m fm cf
0-20000 48 10000 480000 48
20000-40000 10 30000 300000 58
40000-60000 4 50000 200000 62
60000-80000 1 70000 70000 63
1050000

∑ fm
Mean =
∑f

= 16666.66

N
−cf
Median =L+ 2 xi
f

N
= 31.5
2

Median = 13.125
2 2
Standard Deviation = ∑ f dx −(∑ fdx) x i
√ N

= 1097451.6

Quartile Deviation = 731634.38

Mean Deviation = 877961.3

Mode

22
Grouping Table

X f(I) (II) (III) (IV) (V)

0-20000 48 58
20000-40000 10 `14 62
40000-60000 4 12 15
60000-80000 1

0-20000 20000-40000 40000-60000 60000-80000

I 1 1
II 1 1
III 1 1
IV 1 1 1
V 1 1
Total 3 4 3 1

f 1−f 0
Mode = L1 + xC
2 f 1−f 0−f 2

= 43750

23
8. Age

X f
0-20 28
20-40 17
40-60 18
60-80 16

Solution:

X f m dx fdx cf fdx2
0-20 28 10 -2 -56 28 3136
20-40 17 30 -1 -17 45 289
40-60 18 50 0 0 63 0
60-80 16 70 1 16 79 256
79 -57 3681

∑ fdx '
Mean = A+ xi
N

= 35.56

N
−cf
Median= L + 2 xi
f

N 79
= = 39.5
2 2

Median = 33.5
2 2
Standard Deviation = ∑ f dx −(∑ fdx) x i
√ N

= 135.7

Quartile Deviation = 90.46

Mean Deviation = 108.56

Mode = 3Median – 2Mean

= 29.38

24
  CORRELATION

Column Column
  1 2
Column
1 1
Column
2 0.7691 1

 r or coefficient of correlation = 0.7691 .

Since the value is closer to +1 there exists a strong positive correlation between the two
variables.

Coefficient of determination = r2 = 0.59151

This means that 75% variation in income (dependent variable) is explained by occupation
(independent variable)

 REGRESSION

Regression Statistics
Multiple R 0.707144091
R Square 0.500052765
Adjusted R Square 0.489637197
Standard Error 0.702488138
Observations 50

  Coefficients
Intercept 0.03125
X Variable 1 0.84375

Y= 0.03125 + 0.84375 X

25
3.2 DATA INTERPRETATION AND ANALYSIS

1. Literacy rate of the people

Age groups Frequency Percentage
0-20 20 54.05
20-40 10 27.02
40-60 5 13.51
60-80 2 5.40

5.4

13.51

0-20
20-40
54.05 40-60
60-80
27.02

INTERPERTATION

So the above table shows the literacy rate of people in bain bajalta i.e.

 In 0-20 age group there were 20 people who were literate,

 In 20-40 age group there were 10 people who were literate,
 In 40-60 age group there were 5 people who were literate and
 In 60-80 age group there were 2 persons who were literate.

2. Income level of people

26
 Income groups No. of people Percentage
0-20000 48 76.19
20000-40000 10 15.87
40000-60000 4 6.35
60000-80000 1 1.58

income level of people

1.58
6.35

0-20000
15.87
20000-40000
40000-60000
60000-80000

76.19

INTERPERTATION

So the above table shows the income level of people of bain bajalta i.e.

 76.19% of people have their income between 0-20000

 15.87% of people have their income between 20000-40000
 6.35% people have their income between 40000-50000
 Only 1.58% have their income above 60000

3. No. of people under different age groups

27
 Age group No. of people Percentage
0-20 28 35.44

20-40 17 21.5

40-60 18 22.78

60-80 16 20.25

20.25

35.44
0-20
20-40
40-60
60-80
22.78

21.5

INTERPERTATION

So the above table interprets the no. of people under different age groups, and the above table
shows that-

 maximum no. of people belong to the age group 0-20 i.e.28,

 then in 40-60 there were 18 people,
 then 20-40 there were 17 people
 then 60-80 there were 16 people.

 AGRICULTURE SECTOR

28
1. People of different age group doing agriculture
Age Group Frequency Percentage
0-20 3 5.76
20-40 15 28.84
40-60 18 34.61
60-80 16 30.76

People of different age group doing agriculture

5.76 0-20
20-40
30.76 40-60
28.84 60-80

34.61

INTERPERTATION

So the above table interprets the no. of people under different age groups engaged in
agriculture, and the above table shows that-

 maximum no. of people belong to the age group 40-60 ,

 then 60-80 there were 16 people,
 then 40-60 there were 18 people
 then 0-20 there were 3 people

3. Cropping

Cropping No. of people Percentage

29
 Single cropping 15 30

Double cropping 22 44

Multiple cropping 13 26

cropping

26
30
single croping
double croping
multiple croping

44

INTERPERTATION

From the above table it is observed that the

 15 people were doing single cropping

 22 people were their doing double cropping which contribute to the 44%
 13people were their doing double cropping which contribute to the 26%

4. INCOME GENERATED THROUGH AGGRICULTURE

30
 Income levels No. of people Percentage
0-5000 26 52
5000-10000 12 24
10000-15000 8 16
15000-above 4 8

Income genrated through agriculture

1.2

16

0-5000
5000-10000
10000-15000
15000-above
52
24

INTERPERTATION

From the above table it is observed that

 52% of the people fall under the income level of 0 to 5000

 24% of the people fall under the income level of 5000to 10000
 16% of the people fall under the income level of 10000to 15000

5. IRRIGATION TECHNIQUE USED

Irrigation technique No. of individuals Percentage

used
Old technique 33 66

31
 New technique 17 34

irrigation technique used

34
old technique
new technique

66

INTERPERTATION

The above table shows that the 66% of the people are now also using old techniques for
irrigating their lands i.e. 33 individual and 34% people are using new techniques for irrigating
their land i.e. 17 people.

6. Threshing technique used

32
 Technique used No. of people Percentage
Threshing machines 8 16
manual 42 84

Threshing technique used

16

threshing machines used

manual

84

INTERPERTATION

Most of the people are doing threshing in their lands by using manual techniques i.e. 84% and
the 16% are using machines for threshing i.e. 8 people.

CHAPTER 4
4.1 MAJOR FINDINGS AND SUGGESTIONS

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GENERAL FINDING
 Among all the people we survey, majority of them belongs to age group 0-20.

 The Average income earned by the people of bajalta per month was Rs.16666, which is
quite low.

 Majority of the people were illiterate.

 They were provided with proper electricity facility.

 According to them, transportation was satisfactory

 According to them, the education system of bajalta is improving every now and then.

AGRICULTURAL FINDING
 Most of the people belonging to age group 40-60 have agriculture as their occupation.

 44% of the peoples do double cropping in a year. They used to produce maize and wheat
alternatively.

 The Average income generated by the people of bajalta through agriculture per month was
Rs.6500, which is quite low.

 Majority of the people have self-owned lands but still there are peoples who works on
owners land.

 Majority of the people use old irrigation methods and are unaware about the new
techniques of irrigation

 Manual Thresher was used for agriculture. Majority of the people was unaware of thresher
machine.

4.2 SUGGESTIONS

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GENERAL SUGGESTIONS
 Proper road connectivity.
 Education needs to be improved.
 They must be provided with proper water supply’
 Transportation need to be focused.

SUGGESTIONS RELATED TO AGRICULTURE

SELF-OWNED LANDS
 New technique of agriculture must be used.
 New irrigation methods must be used.
 Threshing machine must be used.
 Awareness about subsidized fertilizers
 Awareness about “PRADHAN MANTRI FASAL BEEMA YOJANA”
 Use of E-NAM portal
 Use of E-RAKAM portal

FARMERS WORKING ON OWNERS LAND

 In spite of working so hard on owners land, the farmer should buy their own lands.
 The interest rate on loan taken for agriculture purpose is just between 2.875% and 3.875%
 Aadhar card is the only required id proof for taking loan.
 Make the farmer aware that according to new scheme, the minimum wages given to the
farmer by the owner in these cases should not be less than Rs. 5000.

35
5.1 CONCLUSION
A village is a living, organic entity, with blood flowing through its veins and with a definite
pulse and heartbeat. It has its own distinct personality and its own dark caustic humor and
was constantly processing and regurgitating information through its winding, meandering
streets.

In India village development is a very crucial and important aspect today as a great amount of
population of India today lives in villages. Many efforts by the government of India are being
taken for the upliftment of villages. Upliftment of these villages is not only the responsibility
of the government, but we as individuals can also take part in it. Our survey report
contributes a major part to it as it may provide insight to the problems faced by the village
taken by us and Jammu University may take initiative to adopt it. 

If we talk about agriculture aspect of the village, Bain bajalta is facing many issues and all
these issues need to be dealt with. The village has a great scope for agriculture as
employment will also get covered by employing more public. This can be done by improving
agriculture facilities and making them aware of various agricultural schemes.

36
 Questionnaire
1. Name:
2. Age:
3. Occupation:
4. Literate Yes/No
 If yes, then what is your qualification?
 If no, then what was the reason?
5. Salary
 0-20,000
 20,000-40,000
 40,000-60,000
 60,000-80,000
6. Electricity availability Yes/No
 If yes, than how much hour’s electricity cut you have?
7. Transportation Facility Yes/No
 If yes, is it connected to all the sub-villages of Bain Bajalta?
 Do you have any problem related to transport?
 Is transport daily available?
8. Do you have primary school?
 If yes, how many?
9. Water supply?
10. Agriculture
10.1. Age:
10.2. What type of cropping you do? Single/Double/Multiple
 If double, then what you produce?
 If multiple, then what you produce?
 If single, then Why?
10.3. Lands for Farming
 Self-Owned
o If yes, is your land self-purchased or inherited?
 Working on owner land
o If yes, why don’t you purchase your own land?
 Land taken on loan
o If yes, then what is the interest on loan you pay?
10.4. Are you aware of “Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bharat Yojana”?
10.5. Irrigation
 Old technique of irrigation
o If yes, why you haven’t switched to new technique?
 New technique of irrigation
o If yes, when?
10.6. Threshing

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  Old threshing machine? If yes, why?

APPENDIX
NAME CROPING INCOME STATUS OF
PATTERN OWNERSHIP
AZIA BIBI 2 1
SHARAZ 3 1
HUSSAIN
IMRAN 1 1
CHAUDARY
KHURSHID 3 4
MANZOOR 1 1
SABIA 3 4
ARIFA 1 1
ASIF 3 4
HARRART 1 1
RAFIQ 2 1
MASRAT 3 4
FAQIR 2 1
ASBAB 2 1
LALA HUSAIN 3 3
ATTAR DIN 2 1
SHAK MOH 2 1
SHOKAT ALI 3 3
FARAZ 1 1
HUSSAIN
BASHIR 3 3
AHMED
BILLA 2 1
NASEEB 1 1
MUNEEB 3 3
KAIF 2 1
ABIN 2 1
SHAUIB 1 1
ZEENAT 3 3
SHEN 2 2
PIYUSH 1 1
ADIM 1 1
ALAM 2 2
RIM 1 1
QAZI 3 3
ZOYA 2 2
FARID 1 1
FAROOQ 3 3
SHAHID 2 2
KHAN

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MOH.RAFIQ 2 2
SADIQ 1 1
KOWIND 2 2

Bibliography

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 Statistical Methods – S.P GUPTA
 http://www.jkapd.nic.in
 http://diragrijmu.nic.in
 https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agriculture
 http://www.mun.ca/educ/

OUR VISIT

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