MODULE 4

STORM DRAINAGE SYSTEMS

STORM DRAIN
MODULE 5

SEWAGE DISPOSAL SYSTEM

The sewage and its disposal

The collection and safe disposal of human wastes are among the most critical problems of
environmental health. Recent statistical reports revealed that most of the water borne diseases are
prevalent in areas where there is no proper and scientific sewage disposal system.

It was reported that when human wastes are deposited in a pit, typhoid and dysentery causing
organisms do not travel horizontally in the soil and are carried somewhere which causes
contamination.

• The daily average volume of human waste or excreta per capita is about 80 grams of
feces and 950 grams of urine. When diluted with water at the rate of 30 to 100 gallons
per day to form sewage, the solid content becomes a very small potion expressed in
milligrams per liter.

Of the total sewage solids, about 50% is organic and are subject to rotting. Small as it is in the
sewage, and as decomposition continues, it become odorous and dark in color.

•Types of Sewage Disposal System

1. The Cess Pool
2. The Privy
3. The Septic Tank
4. The Public Sewer Line

1. The CESS POOL

-is a hole in the ground curbed with stones, bricks, concrete hollow blocks, or other materials laid
in such a manner as to allow raw contaminated
sewage to leach in the soil. The organic wastes accumulate and finally disposed of by disintegration
process.
2.The Privy
- is a concrete sealed vault with a wooden shelter constructed for the collection of raw sewage.
The disintegration of excrement is accomplished in the same manner as in cesspool. It is objectionable
because of the danger of contaminating the source of water supply.

3.The Septic Tank

- is a device or receptacle used to expedite the decomposition of the elements contained in a raw
sewage waste. Raw sewage consists of water, and settleable solid called organic materials that can be
precipitated in a septic tank in a very short time.

4.The Public Sewer Line

-is a public sewage system operated and maintained by the government consisting of a sewage
treatment plant that conveys the raw sewage from buildings and houses to a disposal system.

The Septic Tank

ØThe Septic Tank is a receptacle or a vault used to collect organic waste and discharge from house
sewer.

ØThe main function of the septic tank is to liquefy and precipitate solid waste purifying odorous
materials.

ØThe sludge are processed by anaerobic bacteria and transforming them into liquid and gases.

ØThe sewage is remove largely by sedimentation to form semi-liquid substance called sludge.

ØThe Septic Tank combines two processes; aerobic in the upper portion of the tank and anaerobic
decomposition of the accumulated sludge at the bottom.

BACTERIOLOGICAL PROCESS CAUSED BY:

•Aerobes
•Anaerobes
•Facultative bacteria

SEWAGE TREATMENT
The effluent removed from the septic tank is still in the stage of objectionable matter. Although these
organic matters have been removed, and many of the objectionable gases have been eliminated, still
it contain countless number of harmful anaerobic bacteria and objectionable chemical compounds in
solution that must be disposed of.
MODULE 6

PLUMBING MATERIALS AND FITTINGS

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PLUMBING FIXTURES
dormitories 1 Per 10 males
1 Per 8 females
1 Per additional 20 persons

Industrial and 1 Per 1-10 persons

commercial 2 For 11-25
3 For 26-50
4 For 51-75
5 Fro 76-100
1 Per additional 40 persons in excess
of 100
KITCHEN SINK
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PUMPS AND PUMPING SYSTEM

END OF MIDTERMS