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Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)
HYPERPLASIA
(BPH)
The Prostate Gland
Male sex gland
Pear-shape,wt7-
16gm
Size of a walnut
Clip
Helps control urine
flow
Produces fluid
component of
semen
Produces Prostate
Specific Antigen
(PSA)
Four Areas of the Prostate
Seminal vesicle
Base of
prostate Rectum
Pubic bone
Puboprostatic
ligament
Apex of prostate Denonvillier's
Penis and fascia
Urethra
Deep transverse
perineal muscle
Arterial supply
From the anterior division of the internal iliac artery
Inferior vesical artery,
Middle rectal artery
Internal pudendal artery originates (hypogastric)
artery.
Venous drainage
Lymphatic drainage
6
What is Benign Prostatic
Hyperplasia?
Peripheral zone
Transition zone
Urethra
Peripheral zone
Transition zone
Urethra
ANATOMY OF PROSTATE
what causes BPH?
n Medication
n Heat therapies
n Surgical approaches
medication
n First line of defense against
bothersome urinary symptoms
n Manage the condition - don’t fix it
n Impotence
n Incontinence
surgical treatment
SURGICAL PROCEDURES
TURP
Transurethral electro-vaporisation
Transurethral incision
Transurethral laser
technique(holmium,KTP)
Balloon dilatation
Prostate stents
Prostatectomy:-
suprapubic,retropubic,perineal
Laproscopic
PREOPERATIVE MANAGEMENT
•Advantage
•Uncooperative patients
or in patients who
require hemodynamic
or ventilatory support.
• Abolish Obturator
Reflex
•Disadvantage
•inability to monitor the
patient’s level of
mentation
MONITERING
Pulse
NIBP
Oximetery
ECG
Blood loss-Hb, Hematocrit
S. Sodium conc.
CVP
Mental status
Temperature
GENERAL ANAESTHESIA
Induction:- Propofol or
bariturate,benzodiazepine,opioides
Intubation:-smooth,short duration
Measures to attenuate pressor responses.
Maintenance:-Oxygen and nitrous
oxide,muscle relaxant,volatile or opioid
based.
Reversal and smooth extubation
Fluid:-NS,RL,Colloid and blood according
to need.
TURP
(transurethral resection of the
prostate)
•Hyperammonemia manifestations
appear within 1 hour after surgery.
•Blood ammonia level > 500
mmol/L.
•nauseated, vomits, and then
becomes comatose.
•Ammonia level < 150 mmol/L pt
awakens
TURP SYNDROME:
IRRIGATION FLUID
•<120mEq/L :
•signsof cardiovascular depression QRS
widening
•<115mEq/L:
•bradycardia, widening of the QRS
complex, ST-segment elevation, ventricular
ectopic beats, and T wave inversion.
•<110 mEq/L :
•VT or VF
•can develop respiratory and cardiac arrest
TURP SYNDROME:
MANIFESTATION UNDER
GENERAL ANESTHESIA
Paula Bishop "Bipolar transurethral resection of the prostate—a new approach". AORN Journal. . FindArticles.com. 03 Apr. 2008.
TURP SYNDROME:
EARLY DETECTION
Ethanol labeled irrigating fluid can be
used to asses the degree of fluid
absorption during procedure by
measuring the ethanol content of the
patients exhaled breath.
Vol. absorbed=(preop.S. Na+.∕postop
S.Na+×ECF) - ECF
TURP SYNDROME:
TREATMENT
•Ensure oxygenation and circulatory support
•Notify surgeon and terminate procedure
•Consider invasive monitors if CV instability
occurs
•Send blood for
electrolytes, creatinine, glucose, ABG
•Obtain 12 lead ECG
•Seizures
•Use short acting anticonvulsant
(midazolam), Next a barbiturate or
phenytoin can be added. last resort, use
muscle relaxant
•Restlessness and incoherence are
particularly ominous signs
•GA in the presence of TURP syndrome
can lead to severe complications and
even death.
TURP SYNDROME:
TREATMENT
Benefits Disadvantages
n Widely available n Greater risk of side effects
and complications
n Effective
n 1-4 days hospital stay
n Long lasting n 1-3 days catheter
n 4-6 week recovery
possible side effects of
TURP
n Impotence
n Incontinence
n Bleeding