SACRED HEART DIOCESAN SCHOOL

“Where peacemaking is life-giving”

Molave, Zamboanga del Sur
S.Y 2020 – 2021

Teacher’s Learning Plan in ENGLISH 9

Learner’s Name: Grade Level : 9

Lesson Title: MODALS Module No. 1
Values : Politeness and Courtesy Quarter / Week:1- 1
Reference/s: ECAS, Challenge of the Millennium 9 Activity No. 1
Teacher: Ms. Jieza May M. Marquez
CONTENT STANDARD/S: The learner demonstrates understanding of how Anglo-American literature and
other text types serve as means of enhancing the self; also how to use processing, assessing, summarizing
information, word derivation and formation strategies, appropriate word order, punctuation marks and
interjections to enable him/her to participate actively in a speech choir.
PERFORMANCE STANDARD/S: The learner actively participates in a speech choir through using effective
verbal and non-verbal strategies based on the following criteria: Focus, Voice, Delivery, Facial Expressions, Body
Movements/ Gestures and Audience Contact.
Objectives : At the end of the lesson, the students will be able to express permission, obligation, and
prohibition using modals by:
 Identify the meaning of modal verbs and its function.
 Differentiate modal functions (permission, obligation, and prohibition).
I. TRANSITION (Linking Statements/Motivation)
VOCABULARY: Write O if the pair of words are opposite in meaning. S if it is similar in meaning.

1. Possible – Probable
2. Obligation – Necessity
3. Giving permission – Requesting
permission
4. Recommended – Advised
5. Advisability - Thoughtlessness

A. ESSENTIAL IDEAS (CONCEPT NOTES )

 MODALS are helping verbs (meaning they precede other verbs) which express the ‘mode’ or
‘manner’ of the actions indicated by the main verbs. They used to indicate
permission, possibility, obligation, advice, ability, prohibition, requests, and
preference.

Also, they are special verbs which behave irregularly in English. They are different
from normal verbs like "work, play, visit..." They give additional information about
the function of the main verb that follows it and have a great variety
of communicative functions.

Modal verbs are used to express functions such as:

1. Permission 2. Ability 3. Obligation 4. Prohibition 5. Lack of necessity

6. Advice 7. Possibility 8. Probability

Note: Our lesson will focus only in the 3 functions of modals; Permission, Obligation, and Prohibition

Permission
Can -We often use can to ask for and give permission.

Prohibition - We use can't and mustn't to show that something is prohibited – it is not allowed.

Can't -We use can't to talk about something that is against the rules, particularly when we didn't make the
rules.
Examples: *What does these sign say? Oh, we can't park here.
*You can't take photos in the museum. They're really strict about it.
*Sorry, we can't sell knives to under-18s.
Must not/Mustn't - We use must not to talk about what is not permitted. It is common on public signs and
notices informing people of rules and laws.
Examples: *Visitors must not park in the staff car park.
*Baggage must not be left unattended.
*Guests must not make noise after 10 p.m.
Note: We use mustn't particularly when the prohibition comes from the speaker.
Examples: *(Parent to child) You mustn't say things like that to your sister.
*(Teacher to student) You mustn't be late to class.
*I mustn't let that happen again.

Obligation -We use have to and must to express obligation. There is a slight difference between the way we use
them.
Have/has/had to - shows us that the obligation comes from outside the speaker. 
Examples: *We have to wear a uniform when we're working in reception.
*(Student to teacher) When do we have to hand in our homework?
 Must - Must express a strong obligation or necessity. It often shows us that the obligation comes from the
speaker (or the authority that wrote the sentence). 
Examples: * I must phone my dad. It's his birthday today.
* (Teacher to student) You must hand in your homework on Tuesday or you will lose ten per cent of
your mark.
*(Sign on a plane) Seat belts must be worn by all passengers.

Note that we don't use must to express obligation in the past. We use have to instead.
*I had to pay £85 to renew my passport last week.

Should and ought to- talk about what is the best thing for us to do.

Examples: *It's a beautiful day! We should go outside.
*They ought to keep the dog on a leash!

Had better- is stronger than should and ought to. It means that there will be negative consequences if we do not
do something.
Example: *You had better call your mother, or she will worry!
*He had better be careful, or he will fall!

No Obligation
Don't have to - We use don’t have to show that there is no obligation. You can do something if you want to
but it's not compulsory.
Examples: *You don't have to wear a tie in our office but some people like to dress more formally.
*You don't have to go to the bank to do a transfer. You can do it online.
*You don't have to come with me, honestly. I'll be fine!
Note: mustn’t / don’t have to
 The negative forms mustn’t and don’t have to are completely different. Mustn’t is used to express prohibition
(an obligation not to do something), whereas don’t have to is used to express an absence of obligation.
=> You mustn’t reveal where you get the information. (=you have the obligation not to do it)
=>You don’t have to arrive before 7. (=you can do it, but it’s not necessary, there’s no obligation)
II. LEARNING EXPERIENCE

A. CLARIFYING UNDERSTANDING (i.e. Cooperative Strategy & Active Learning )

Direction: Identify the underlined modal in each sentence. If it expresses permission, color the box YELLOW. If
it expresses prohibition, color the box GREEN. And, if it is expresses obligation, color the box RED.
1. You don’t have to come to my meeting but it would help us all if you’re there.
2. I can’t get a connection on my phone. May I borrow yours?
3. The rules say that you can only invite one guest to the party.
4. I must stay on for a few hours because I’d rather work late today then over the weekend.
 5. There’s a lot of noise coming from outside. Could I close the window?
6. You have to start saving money if you want to retire early.
7. Did they tell you that you can’t come to this area? It’s restricted to staff only.
8. We have to be there 15 minutes before the concert starts.

B. PROCESSING QUESTIONS (Checking for Understanding, HOTS)

Instruction: Complete the table below by constructing sentences using appropriate modals.
Modals Sentences
1. Advising a friend for an immediate
health check-up.
Modal: must
2. Asking a permission to use the free
seat/chair.
Modal: can
3. Unable to answer a call.
Modal: can’t

C. ASSESSMENT (Formative/Summative)
Sentence Enhancement
A. Re-write the following sentences using modals so that they have the same meaning.
Ex: A university degree isn’t necessary for a job.
Ans: You don’t need a university degree for that job.

1. I suggest that you get a lawyer.

Answer: You should get a lawyer.
2. Perhaps my father will pick you up.
Answer: My father may/might pick you up.
3. Eating is forbidden in class!
Answer: You mustn’t eat in class.
4. Look at his dirty clothes! I’m sure he is a poor person.
Answer: He must be a poor person.
5. I don’t believe that the legend of Hercules is true because there are many contradictions.
Answer: The legend of Hercules can’t be true.

B. Use appropriate modal verbs in each sentence.

1. ____ you speak any foreign languages? (Can)
2. Lis ____ get tired of her job. It is so boring. (Must)
3. Where is Nick? He ______ be in his office. (Might)
4. Take an umbrella. It ______ rain later. (Might)
5. Jack _______ go to the hospital yesterday. (Had to)
6. You look tired. You _____ go to bed. (Should)
7. ____ be it true? (Can)
8. Jane was so tired. She ____ have worked days and night. (Must)
9. This _____ be done by planning one’s daily routine. (Can)
10. You _____ regularly study if you wish to graduate. (Should)

III. FRAMING CONCEPTS

Directions: In your own words, define modals and its functions (20 pts.).

Prohibition

Permission
Obligation
MODAL
 IV. MASTERY EXERCISES (Post Assessment)
A. Complete the blanks with appropriate modal verbs (must, can’t, or might)
1. Look at that guy's enormous muscles. He ________________ work out a lot.
2. Michelle ________________ want to participate in the festival - it seems like the type of thing she'd
be interested in. Why don’t you ask her?
3. She goes camping every weekend. She ________________ really love the outdoors.
4. He worked hard on his report, then accidentally deleted the file from his computer. He
________________ be upset.
5. You ________________ be right - but I'm going to check to make sure.
6. We're not sure if this painting is an original. It ________________ be worth thousands of dollars.
7. I ________________ not be able to go to the football game. It depends on whether I can get the
afternoon off from work.
8. He's working full-time and studying for his Ph.D. That ________________ be easy.
9. You just ate a huge dinner! You ________________ be hungry again already!
10. Wow - look at that diamond necklace. It ________________ cost a fortune.

B. Box the correct answer.

1. Raj ______ certainly attend the conference.
a) Will b) Would c) Could d) Ought
2. If you step on a dog, it ___________ bite you.
a) Will b) Must c) Ought d) Would
3. I _____ get o my work.
a) Could  b) Must c) Ought d) Would
4. We ____ to help the door.
a) Will b) Would c) Could d) Ought
5. _____ I have a word with you.
a) Ought b) Must c) Could  d) Would
6. You ---- the locksmith to open the door for you last night before you tried to open the door yourself.
a. must call b. ought to have called c. could call d. have had to call
7. I ---- an office but I chose to work from home because everything I need is here.
3 fascinating
a. must have rented factsb.that yourent
might have learned
c. could have rented d. may rent
_______________________________________________
8. You ---- down to about 30 kilometers an hour when you are driving through a school zone between
dawn and dusk.
a. may have ________________________________________________
slowed b. had to slow c. should have slowed d. must slow
9. When an emergency vehicle is approaching with its lights and siren on, drivers ---- pull over and
________________________________________________
stop to get out of the way.
a. must have moved b. must move c. can't have moved d. needn't have moved
2 things you
10. My girlfriend said got
I ----confused
her anything for her birthday, but I think I ---- her some flowers at least or a
nice bottle of________________________________________________
wine.
a. didn't need to buy / should buy c. should have bought / must buy
b. may not buy / may have bought d. had to buy / can't have bought
V. LIFELONG LEARNING(Reflection Questions: PVMGO)
Two of the characteristic that a child must possess are politeness and courtesy. Thus, as a child and
student at the same time, how can you show such attributes in your everyday life towards people you
see and talk?

hessalonians 3:13, “And as for you,

brothers and sisters, never tire of
doing what is good”. Just like
the different scientists who did their
best to find explanation about atom,
we should not be discourage in
things that we love especially when
we know it will yield to something
good. However in the midst of
our battle, we stumble and fall. In
this event of our lives, what is the
best thing to do?
hessalonians 3:13, “And as for you,
brothers and sisters, never tire of
doing what is good”. Just like
the different scientists who did their
best to find explanation about atom,
we should not be discourage in
things that we love especially when
we know it will yield to something
good. However in the midst of
our battle, we stumble and fall. In
this event of our lives, what is the
best thing to do?