Phy 2053 Announcements Elastic Properties of Solids

„ Good luck on Exam 2! „ Stress - force per unit area

causing the deformation
„ Exam 2 grades – grades should be „ Strain - measure of the
available by Monday, April 6 on UF e- amount of deformation
„ The elastic modulus is the
Learning web site. constant of proportionality
between stress and strain
„ Exam 2 solutions will be posted early
„ Three types of moduli:
next week „ Young’s modulus, shear modulus,
bulk modulus
„ HW Assignment 9 next Wednesday,
April 8

Young’s Modulus: Young’s Modulus:

Stress = F/A
Elasticity in Length,
F ΔL Hooke’s Law redux Strain = ΔL/L0
=Y
A Lo A

F ΔL AY L0
Stress =Y ⇒ F= ΔL
Stress = Y x Strain or =Y A L0 L0
Strain ΔL

Stress (F/A) has units of N/m2 1 N/m2 = 1 Pascal (Pa) k F

Example #9-11 Shear Modulus

Determine the elongation of the F
rod shown below if it is under a „ shear stress =
A
tension of 5.8 × 103 N. shear strain =
Δx
h
F Δx
=S
A h
„ S is the shear Δx F
modulus
„ A material having a h

YAl = 7 x 1010 Pa YAl = 11 x 1010 Pa large shear modulus

-F
is difficult to bend

1
Bulk Modulus
Notes on Moduli
ΔV
ΔP = − B „ Solids have Young’s, Bulk, and
V
Shear moduli
A material with a large bulk
Liquids and gases have only bulk
„
„
modulus is difficult to compress
„ The negative sign is included moduli, they will not undergo a
since an increase in pressure shearing or tensile stress
will produce a decrease in „ The liquid or gas would flow instead
volume
„ B is always positive
„ The compressibility is the
reciprocal of the bulk modulus

Pressure
„ The force exerted
by a fluid on a
submerged object
at any point if
perpendicular to
the surface of the
object
F N
P≡ in Pa = 2
A m

Density Pressure
F N
„ The density of a substance of P≡ in Pa = 2
uniform composition is defined as A m
its mass per unit volume:
m
ρ ≡
V
„ Units are kg/m3 (SI) or g/cm3
(cgs)
„ 1 g/cm3 = 1000 kg/m3

2
Pressure and Depth Pressure and Depth
equation
„ Examine the darker „
region, assumed to „ Po is normal
be a fluid atmospheric
It has a cross-
„

sectional area A
pressure
„ Extends to a depth h 1.013 x 105 Pa
below the surface
„ Three external forces The pressure does
A
act on the region not depend upon
the shape of the
container

Liquid in a U- tube Liquid in a U- tube

Patm Patm Patm
Patm

h1 = h2
h1 h1
h2 h2

P = Patm + ρgh1 P = Patm + ρgh2 P = Patm + ρgh1 P = Patm + ρgh2