146 READING ONE | Justin Lebo VOCABULARY 1 Two of the three words in each row have meanings similar to the boldfaced word. Cross out the word with a different meaning. If you need help, use a dictionary. 1. passion enthusiasm decision a 2. proudly modestly self-satisfyingly contentedly 3. challenge pride test demand 4. satisfaction happiness pleasure amusement 5. determined insistent stubborn uncertain 6. proposal suggestion order recommendation 7. donate contribute give sell 8. admiring complimentary approving boring 9. devote dedicate appreciate commit 10. inspired saddened encouraged motivated 11. manage handle cope with respond 12. thrilled happy scared excited 2 Members of organizations (corporate, educational, religious, and governmental) and individuals volunteer for many different reasons: some for political or rel some for personal or social reasons. Others volunteer, or participate i is e r pate in what is called community service, because it's mandatory as part of a school’s curriculum or ws a requirement for graduation. Read what five people say about volunteering. Complete each s1 i ds in the boxes. Then write the reasons you think they volunteer, (Noter Not ‘a words are used, and some people may have more than one reason.) ° Reasons for and Types of Volunteering Ider! care of the elderly mandatory Personal religious ronmental medical resear ew eee Political tutoring UNIT 6 Scanned with CamScanner1. Matt Olsen, age 65: raised $2,000 for AIDS research in the annual Boston-to-New York AIDS bicycle ride admiring challenge donate manage “I'm trying to raise money for AIDS research in memory of my brother. I'm hoping to ________ more than 2,000 this year, Maybe this way what happened to him won't happen to others. The ride is certainly a physical , especially since I hurt my leg last weekend. However, [still think I can to finish the ride. In any case, | enjoy biking, and this way I can combine my favorite sport with a good cause.” Reasons: personal and medical research 2, Steve Hooley, age 36: donates his time as a Boy Scout leader inspired manage passion thrilled “T've always loved the outdoors and camping. In fact, preserving the environment is a ___ for me. Therefore, I'm to be a Scout leader. By being a Scout leader, I can do something I like and share my love of nature with the next generation. If they are _____ ___ to care about nature, maybe they'll take better care of the environment than our generation has.” Reasons: 3. Hannah Bullard, age 22: volunteers in a shelter for homeless women inspired passion proudly satisfaction “['ye always been taught that we should help those who are less fortunate than we are. Reverend Woodson spoke at church last Sunday about all the good work being done here. He spoke with such that I knew I wanted to participate. It gives me a lot of to work with these women. Some of them have been through so much: alcoholism, drug addiction, and in many cases, abuse. Lam very by how far some of them have come. Despite their many problems, many of these women have now taken back control of their lives.” Reasons: 4, Louisa Deering, age 17: spends three hours a week playing guitar for senior citizens in a nursing home a rey devoting proposal satisfaction {started coming here last year because it was a school requirement, After I completed ny requirement, I didn’t want to stop. In order to continue volunteering Imadea to the director of the program—I asked him if I could come back again this year after school and on weekends because I really have a good time with the people. I a to continue time to them because I truly enjoy being with them and tran they like to listen to may music, too. In fact, this experience has inspired me to study music therapy in college.” Reasons: —_——<—<$—_$ Making a Difference 147 CNeee nS EEEEEEEEGiseee Scanned with CamScanner. 148 -UNITG + 5. Ted Sirota, age 23: spends five hours a week volunteering at a politician's office donate admiring determined inspire “I feel that this person is the best candidate. I find her truly amazing, She's someone 1 can really look up to and want to be like. However, I'm not just one of her many —_______ supporters. Ialso volunteer for her. By volunteering, I can do more Just vote. [am to help her get elected. That way I can be more involve in the whole political process.” Reasons: © Go to the Pearson Practice English App or MyEnglishLab for more vocabulary practice, PREVIEW, You are going to read an article about Justin Lebo, a boy who volunteers his time and energy to help others in a unique way. Read the first two paragraphs of Justin Lebo, Answer the questions. 1. What condition is the bicycle in? 2. Why do you think Justin would be interested in a bike in that condition? 3. What do you think Justin will do with the bicycle? READ Read the article about a charitable boy named Justin Lebo on the next page. Create a chart like the one below to take notes. | main ideas | petaits | Justin tikes bikes * buying them | | * fixing them racing them hhas a bike shop in his garage | | He has too many bikes to use. | made 2 bikes for Kilbarchan Home | wants to make 19 more so all kids have a bike a © Go to MyEnglishLab to view example notes. Scanned with CamScanner10 " 2 JUSTIN LEBO BY PHILLIP HOOSE (from it’s Our World, Too) Something about the battered old bicycle at the garage sale! Caught ten-year-old Justin Lebo's eye, What a wreck! It was like looking at a few big bones in the dust and trying to figure ‘out what kind of dinosaur they had once belonged to. {twas a BMX bike with a twenty-inch frame. Its original color was buried beneath five or six coats of gunky paint. Everything—the grips, the pedals, the brakes, the seat, the spokes—was bent or broken, twisted and rusted. Justin ‘stood back as if he were inspecting a painting for sale at an auction. Then he made his final judgment: perfect. Justin talked the owner down to $6.50 and asked his mother, Diane, to help load the bike into the back of their car. When he got it home, he wheeled the junker into the garage and showed it proudly to his father. “Will you help me fix It up?” he asked. Justin's hobby was bike racing, a passion the two of them shared. Their garage barely had room for the car anymore. It was more like bike shop. Tres and frames hung from hooks on the ceiling, and bike wrenches ‘dangled from the walls | Now Justin and his father cleared out a work space in the garage and put the old junker up on a rack. They poured garage and p alcohol on the frame and rubbed until the old paint began to yield, layer by layer. They replaced the broken pedal, | paint began to yi ayer by | tightened down a new seat, and restored the grips. In about a week, it ooked brand new. | ‘Soon, he forgot about the bike. But the very next week, he bought another junker ata yard sale? and fixed it up, too. | After a while, it bothered him that he wasn't really using either bike. Then he realized that wat he loved about the old | bikes wasn't riding them: It was the challenge of making something new and useful out of something old and broken. | Justin wondered what he should do with them. They were just taking up space in the garage. He remembered that | when he was younger, he used to live near a large brick building called the Kilbarchan Home for Boys. It was a place | for boys whose parents couldn't care for them for one reason or another. He found ‘Kilbarchan’” in the phone book and called the director, who said the boys would be thrilled to get two bicycles. The next day when Justin and his mother unloaded the bikes at the home, two boys raced out to greet them. ‘They leapt aboard the bikes and started tooling around the semicircular driveway, doing wheelies and pirouettes®, laughing and shouting. ‘The Lebos watched them for a while, then stared to climb into their car to go home. The boys cried after them, “Wait a minute! You forgot your bikes!” Justin explained that the bikes were for them to keep. "They were so happy,” Justin remembers. “It was like they couldn't believe it. It made me feel good just to see them happy.” (On the way home, Justin was sient. His mother assumed he was los in a feeling of satisfaction. But he was thinking ‘about what would happen once those bikes got wheeled inside and everybody saw them. How could all those kids decide who got the bikes? Two bikes could cause more trouble than they would solve. Actually, they hadn't been that hard to build. It was fun, Maybe he could do more... “Nom,” Justin said as they tured onto ther street, “'ve got an idea 'm going to make a bike for every boy at Kilbarchan for Christmas.” Diane Lebo looked at Justin out of the corner of her eye. She had rarely seen him so determined. Wien they got home, Justin called Kilbarchan to find out how many boys ved there. There were twenty-one, It was already June He had six months to make nineteen bikes. That was almost a bike a week. Justin called the home back totell them of his plan. “I could tell they didn't think I could do i,” Justin remembers, “! knew | could.” ‘garage sale: sale of used furture clothes, toys, ee. that reno longer wanted, usualy held in a home's garage yard sale: another phrase for garage sale Wheelies and pirouettes: tricks done on a bioycle continued on next page Making a Difference 149 Scanned with CamScanner150 13 7 22 23 24 25 > or Ford builds cars: in an as, dustin knew his best chance to bul bikes was amos the way Genera ie one He figured it would take three or four junkers to produce enough pa eighty bikes. Where would he get them? Id Garage sales seemed tobe the only hope. twas June, and there would be garage fT Could find that many bikes, how could he ever pay fr them? That was hundre' ay five or six,” says his mother, “he used tp He went to his parents with a proposal. "When Justin was Yom oul id donate a dolar for every doar Just away some of his allowancet to help others in need. His fathe into buying old Gonated. So, ne asked us it could be ike the od days, H we'd math every doar he Put nto Duyng ol bikes, y said yes.” ee and thrift st Justin and his mother spent most of June and July hunting for cheap ne eel 'oPs°. They Would haul the bikes home, and Justin would start stripping them down in the yard. most But by the beginning of August, he had managed to make only ten bikes. Summer Raed aes ve ang School and homework would soon cut into his time. Garage sales would dry uP wl , Was out Of money. Stil he was determined to find a way. oo At the end of August, Justin got a break. A neighbor wrote a letter to the local newspaper aseriieg mea Project, 4and an editor thought it would make a good story. In her admiring article about a boy who \wes devoting his sure to help kids he didn’t even know, she said Justin needed bikes and money, and she printed his home phone number Overnight, everything changed. “There must have been a hundred calls,” Justin says. “People would call me up and ask me to come over and pick up their old bike. Or 'd be working in the garage, and a station wagon would pull up The driver would leave a couple of bikes by the curb. Itjust snowballed®.” ‘The week before Christmas Justin delivered the last ofthe twenty-one bikes to Kilbarchan. Once again, the boys Poured out of the home and leapt aboard the bikes, tearing around in the snow. And once again, their joy inspired Justin. They reminded him how important bikes were to him. Wheels meant freedom. He thought about how much more the freedom to ride must mean to boys like these who had so little freedom in their lives. He decided to keep on building “First | made eleven bikes forthe children in a foster home” my mother told me about. Then | made bikes for all he women in a women's shelter, Then | made ten little bikes and tricycles for children with AIDS. Then | made ‘twenty-three bikes for the Paterson Housing Coalition.” ve garage salsa summer ong. But een, [nthe four years since he started, Justin Lebo has made between 150 and 200 bikes and given them all away. He his been careful to leave time for his homework, his friends, his coin collection, his new interest in marine biology, and of course, his own bikes. Reporters and interviewers have asked Justin Lebo the same question over and over: seems to make him uncomfortable. I's as if they want him to say what a great persor i t n he is ays make him seem like a saint, which he knows he isn. “Sue, it nice of me to make tte bikes," he ee Sees “lat have to. But | want to. n art, | do it for mysel.1 dont think you can ever real it I itit doesn’t make you happy.” 'y do anything to help anybody else “Why do you do it?” The question “Once | overheard a kid who got one of my bikes say, ‘A bikes ke a book; it “That's how I fel, to. Imad me happy to know that ki fe that way. Tate a Hap! up a whole new world.’ Thats ‘allowance: money you are given reguarly or fora special reason S thrift shops: stores that sell used goods, especially furniture clothes, © snowballed: got bigger quickly or got harder to contro! "foster home: a home where ach i aken care of fo a period of time by someone ‘Who is not a parent or legal guardia” UNIT 6 Scanned with CamScannerro OT In kw wa IDEAS statements and check the thr 8 tye reasons for your choices with at present the main ideas of Reading One i . . paid $6.50 for the first bike he fixed yp, 9 i! spss hobby was bike racing 6 Js gn needed 10 ind & WAY to get alot of used bikes sins a special boy because he likes to help others, wspaper article, afer te newsPape People called Justin and offered him their old bikes. | peTAlLS 1 the chart lists some benefits of doin: examples of how Justin Lebo benefi PP catomce en naan utes Encourages people to use their free time constructively Gives a sense of satisfaction; builds selfesteem "Opens volunteers” eyes to the great variety of people in need by providing opportunities to mneet new and different types of people One successful community service experience leads to performing other services. Volunteers learn they can help solve real Social problems and needs. ,, what good at Helps people to find out who they are, their interests are, and what they are 2 , look at your notes and at your answers in the article? 1g community service. Complete the chart with ited from his experience. ee aan) Justin spent his free time in the summer making bicycles for the children at the Kilbarchan Home for Boys. preview. How did they help you understand Making a Difference 151 Scanned with CamScanner -MAKE INFERENCES Q Inferring People’s Reactions a vent, a situation or a persory, Paying attention to how different people in a story oe ane on's | decisions will help the reader to better understand a story. Look at the example and read the explanation. i unger, say Fiy, » He [Justin] went to his parents with a proposal. “When seo hep oars inne ee SaYs his mother, “he used to give away some of his aoe ee he atked uc itt could be patter and I would donate a dollar for every dollar Justin donate EES We said yes Pe like the old days, if we'd match every dollar he put into buying o 7 a i sal? How would you describe the reaction of Justin’s parents to his propo: a. excited b. skeptical «. supportive The correct answer isc. Answer a is not correct because his Parents are not expressing their hapyng, with the project at this moment. Answer bis not correct because his parents were not doubt ey duestioning of his proposal. Answer c is correct because by saying “yes” to his Proposal, his parents agreed to help Justin buy more old bikes. They supported him by deciding to give him money, —— " skeptical: doubting or not believing something tobe true. 1 Work with a partner. Think about the people mentioned in Reading One. How do they react to Justin and his ideas? Read the questions and the paragraphs noted. Then choose the best answer, 1. What was the Kilbarchan boys his bikes? (paragraph 9) a. confused b. admiring first reaction when Justin started to leave without taking © appreciative 2. How do you think Justin’s mother felt about his idea Kilbarchan? (paragraph 11) a. excited b. unsure ©. appreciative 3. How would you characterize the Kilbarchan dizector’ a bike for every boy at Kilbarchan? (paragraph 12) a. confused b. helpfut © skeptical 4. How did the people who called and left bikes Teact to (paragraph 19) the letter in the newspaper? a. stubbornly b. enthusiastically S: Tesentfully 5. How do you think the kid who Justin overhea, a. proud b. surprised G appreciative 2 Discuss your answers with a partner, Point you find the answers, out sentences, words, or phrases that helpé4 152 UNITE Scanned with CamScannerry pie. one Rusevounnores , II group. Choose ina sma one of the . work it? tr ideas. Then choose questions. Use 7 Wess i one person j __Use your notes to suppo! Can + report the ideas to the clase 20" in your your answers with information g ble to combi | from the reading. is al ine somethii justin 82 om pmething he loved 7 1 Miynteer work, How did Justin show that itis i mort, passion for your volunteer work? fonave a ‘49 received more joy from Justin's we : 2, Wo ree stin's work: Justin or the people who received the bikes? Explain. “one forced Justin to do whi i soone rat he did. What makes Justin an exceptional young man? Explain. EnglishLab to gi geoto MEN give your opinion about another question. READING TWO | Some Take the Time Gladly Problems with Mandatory Volunteering PREVIEW Many high schools in the United States require students to devote a certain number of hours calside of the classroom to community service in order to graduate. Supporters of mandatory «olunteering believe that the school's role should include both preparing children to be veatemically successful and helping them to be responsible citizens who are active participants in their communities. tovever, not everybody believes that mandatory volunteering is a good idea. Those opposed to the requirement believe that the term “mandatory volunteering” is an oxymoron, a contradiction. They ‘oleve that volunteering should be something you do of your own free will. It is not something that 'sforced on you. 1 Look at the titles of the readings and the picture, Write two questions that you think will be answered in this reading. 2 Look at the boldfaced words in the readings. Which words do you know the meanings of? Making a Difference 153 Scanned with CamScanner™~ i Read the two opi ry volunteering. As you read, guess the i J l m inions about mandato! fan ean | the words that are new to you. Remember to take n' of i SOME TAKE THE TIME GLADLY co ‘ONTACT By Mensah Dean (om the Washington Tires) | READ 1 Mandatory volunteering made many students at Bowie High Schoo! in Maryand grumble with indignation. Future seniors', however, probably won't be as resistant now that the program has been broken in, Some, like John Maloney, already have completed their required hours of | approved community service. The Bove High School sophomore? earned his hours. | in eighth grade? by volunteering two nights a week at the Larkin-Chase Nursing ang Restorative Center in Bowie 2 He played shuffleboard, cards, and other games with the senior citizens. He also helped plan parties for them and visited their rooms to keep them company, John, fifteen, is not finished volunteering. Once a week he videotapes animals at the | Prince George County animal shelter in Forestville. His footage is shown on the Bowie public access television channel in hopes of finding homes for the animals. 5 “Volunteering is better than just sitting around,” says John, “and I ike animals; | don't | want to see them put to sleep®.” | He's not the only volunteer in his family. His sister, Melissa, an eighth grader, has | completed her hours also volunteering at Larkin-Chase. | “It is a. good idea to have kids go out into the community, but it’s frustrating to have to write essays about the work," she said, “It makes you feel ike you're doing it for the requirement and not for yourself.” | 8 The high school's service learning office, run by Beth Ansley, provides information on organizations seeking volunteers so that students will have an easier time futfilling their hours. “It’s ridiculous that people are opposing the requirements,” said Amy Rouse, who this summer has worked at the Ronald McDonald House® and has helped to rebuild a church in Clinton. “So many people won't do the service unless it's mandatory,” Rouse said, “but once they start doing it, they'l really lie it and hopefully it will become a part of their lives—like it has become a part of mine.” ( 8 Z 9 10 + seniors: students in the last year of high school, approximately 17-18 years old 2 sophomore: a student in the second year of high school, approximately 15-16 years 014 3 eighth grade: The United States public school system begins with kindergarten and continues with grades 1-12. A student in eighth grade is approximately 13-14 years o!4- 4 senior citizens: people over the age of 65 5 put to sleep: to give a very sick animal drugs so that it dies without pain © Ronald McDonald House: a residence, usually near a hospital, which provides a home and ‘other support services for the families of children who require a lot of time in the hospital because of serious illness continued on nest PAS? UNIT 6 Scanned with CamScanner 54PROBLEMS WITH MANDATORY VOLUNTEERING By Jeonghoon Lee | think the school board's plan to implement a mandatory volunteering program is a terrible idea, First of all, let me say that | am already a volunteer and proud of it. In fact, I do Volunteer work at my local liorary, as well as tutor elementary school kids at my cchurch’s after-school program. | believe that, atleast in part, the reason that | enjoy volunteering and am effective at itis that | am not being forced to do it. In addition, | Can choose to volunteer with people and organizations that interest me; that is not always the case with mandatory volunteering, am a new transfer student in this district and am very happy that we currently do not have a mandatory volunteering program here; however, my last schoo! did, and for many students it was not a good experience. Imagine how new students must fee! when they are told that to graduate, they will have to volunteer hundreds of hours! ‘They are already overwhelmed by schoolwork and s0 often end up just completing their hours, but not putting in any effort. As a result, the quality of their volunteer work. is much worse than the work done by volunteers who actually choose to volunteer. In addition, students who are told they must volunteer may become resentful and do ot want to volunteer in the future, Volunteering becomes a negative experience. On the other hand, many students do already volunteer, and those who choose to do so make a real difference. ‘Another problem is that many students have busy after-school schedules: they have family, work, and athletic responsibilities. For example, many students need to be able to work after schoo! in order to help out their families or to save money for college. Some have to take care of younger sibings or grandparents, and stil others use this time to participate in athletics. School starts and ends at set times, and any school-related activity after those times is extracurricular, such as the football team or science club. To participate in these actives is a personal choice, just as volunteering should be. Nothing should be required of a student after schoo! except homework. Finally, the term ‘mandatory volunteering’ is an oxymoron, Volunteering is something you do of your own free will fit is mandatory, itis not volunteering, For al these reasons, | am totally opposed to our schoo! implementing a mandatory volunteering program and suggest that volunteering be left as a personal choioe. It should not be made mandatory. 2 Compare your notes on main ideas and details with a partner's. How can you improve your notes next time? © Go to the Pearson Practice English App or MyEnglishLab for more vocabulary practice. Making a Difference Scanned with CamScanner 155156 ~ NOTE-TAKING SKILL Taking Compare and Contrast Notes with a T-chart the ecmparing and contrasting two readings with opposing viewpoints, use a T-chart to clay Viewpoint go°2s: 4 Fchart will help you compare the reasons for each viewpoint and decide wo you agree with eh ace Wo, Some Take the Time Gladly and Problems with Mandatory Volunteering, containg the writer ng opinion editorials. In Problems with Mandatory Volunteering, one of the first Tease, Complete v2 's that volunteering isa personal choice and should not be made mandatory, *"°" ® the T-chart with reasons for and against mandatory volunteering from Reading Two, Eo eae) ‘Against Mandatory Volunteering 1 ; 1. Volunteering is a personal choice. 2 Look at Reading Two again. Mark the information that you think is most important. jost important. Oo to MyEnglishLab for more note-taking practice. UNIT 6 Scanned with CamScannerr ong HENSION oe stions. Us erthe questions. Use your nse’, with a partner. Notes from Readi | 1 ipswers ing Two to hi i elp you. Discuss your i supports mandat any Ruse SUPPOT ory viuntsary wf it me leering b; my like it and hopefully it w: ig | realy ik will become a part of ine y saying, “ i ean “Once they start doing it, they'll \eir lives—like it has become a part sow would a student opposed to mandatory volunteer he writer who opposes mand: lunteering respond to this? Feirhours, but don’t putin any juandatory volunteering? latory volunt 0% effort, What woe worries that students often just complete would be the reaction of someone in favor of a tates, “Volunteering i , John Maloney states, “Volunteering is bet ee Gpposed to mandatory volunteering ieee just sitting around.” How would someone geview the boldfaced words from the reading wi - your teacher for any meanings you still a mg — oS partner. Use a dictionary or ask EADING SKILL What words do the writers use to show 1 100k at the two opinions in Reading Two agai make sense? Why do they that the opposing point of view is unreasonable or doesn’t choose to use these words? jecognizing Persuasive Language writers use persuasive language. These Writers use persuasive language to xy are trying to refute or disprove. In vader to agree with their ideas, .d depth to writers’ ideas. nd also to oppose ideas the kes strong emotions. e the Time Gladly. What words does the writer use ‘e only sensible way to think? \hen trying to convince a re words or phrases add structure an support their own points of view al mnany cases, persuasive language evo! Lsokat this quote from paragraph 9 of Some Tat topersuade the reader that his point of view is th -e opposing the requirements,” said Amy Rouse, who this summer id has helped to rebuild a church in Clinton. “ts ridiculous that people ar Donald House an has worked at the Ronald Mc! nd opposing to support his point of view tated the same idea without tion, he could have ” but that would not be ds ridiculous at sith him, The writer could have s sample, instead of using that quota people don’t like the requirements, Heuses a quotation that connects the wor indcsmiss those who don’t agre reking such strong emotions. For ©? alten, “It doesn’t make sense that ‘Persuasive, Ay; th The w teici jble to take people's reactions serious! ly; they make Vord ridic it is impossi le . "4 i wosenee aaa suggests that OW that itis not just that people don’t Es the ides Bs Pandatory vith opposing, ‘that they are actively trying to stoP i This colee ‘of words is strong rit lunteering. Creates a ‘lear difference in attitudes ‘toward mandatory Vo 9. Making a Difference 157 Scanned with CamScanneryy it describe the oppos, 2 Look at Reading Two again and find the persuasive words tha PPOting Point of view in the paragraphs noted. SOME TAKE THE TIME GLADLY Le ee Paragraph 1 (2) | Paragraph 2 (1) in | Parag | [Paragraph 7(1) - Paragraph 9 (2) ridiculous L | opposing PROBLEMS WITH MANDATORY VOLUNTEERING Paragraph and number of words or phrases Me ae ea Paragraph 1 (1) | Pecan 35) | Paragraph 5 (2) — | | el 3 With a partner, look at the words and phrases you selected and discuss the questions. 1. How do these words influence your thinking about the topic of mandatory volunteering? 2. Do these words make you agree more or less with the writers’ opinions? 3. Which two words from each article were most effective in making you agree with the writers? © Go to MyEnglishLab for more skill practice. 158 UNIT6 Scanned with CamScanner' (fECUTHERERDINGSION 2 we @ | gone ESS | gp readings in this unit address four j so | Review Your notes from | wins sean ‘ading One and Two, Use aa ee ™ | se fe . o es en write the issue(s) next to th ge | jssues more than once. Issue roragraph Dedication to work =B\R\ SOWIE TAKE THE TIME GLADLY (R2) Paragraph = Issue ] 2 5 | i PROBLEMS WITH MANDATORY VOLUNTEERING (R2) Paragraph | Issue - __| | 2 —- } SINTHESIZE oe Junteering in Reading Two. Write a ‘a «+g views of mandatory vol : 0. writea ree ional in Reading We wit er doe ums exponen a ete desig chee your opinion about mandatO" Wr eo a seston stated in the Sto early state your opinion about P2nOTY Giagree with the pasion stated in sOunteer and / of examples from Reset statements that you underined in Organize, rial and explain why. Use ed. Vcore MyEnglishLab to check what Yo" earn Making a Difference Scanned with CamScanner =FOCUS ON WRITING VOCABULARY \ REVIEW 7 Look at the word forms chart. The vocabulary from the unit is boldfaced. admiringly x x admiration admire admiring challenge challenge challenging | determination determine determined x devotion devote devoted devotedly | donation donate donated x fulfillment fulfill fulfilled x fulfilling indignation x : | indignant indignantly inspiration | inspired inspirationally inspiring inspiringly | inspirational management manage | manageable manageably opposition oppose opposite x a | | opposing oxymoron x ‘oxymoronic x passion x passionate passionately | pride x proud proudly | : proposal propose Proposed x resentment resent resentful resentfully ridicule ridicule ridiculous ridiculously satisfaction satisfy satisfied satisfactorily satisfying satisfactory thrill enell thrilled thrillingly thrilling 160 UNIT6 g Scanned with CamScannerbo EXPAND Aphrasal verb c lusa meaning that is different fro! the sentences using the correct fo te € nse and subject verb agreement, fe ; , Fi al 7 rm of the word in parentheses. Pay attention v Use the chart in Review to help you. jstin had to relyon______ 1 yess for the children at Kilbarchan, nate) from people in order to complete the felt ———————_—__ (inspir (énspire) when he saw how the boys enjoyed the first two tin sijes he had made. picyele nope that after experienci 4, People HOP ing mandatory volunteering, students will become Reb (Passion) about volunteeringin general stin met the 4, Jostin me (Challenge) of making a bike for each boy at Kilbarch 5, When Justin je donated, sities worry that students who are forced to volunteer and have a bad experience may (resent) their experience and never volunteer again. 2 pan. they agreed. (proposal) that his parents give a dollar for every dollar 6.0 — although many people support mandatory volunteering, there is still alot of ee (oppose) to it. justin feels a lot of. somany bikes. 9, Justin’s neighbor Inmany schools, students are not able to graduate without having (fulfilling) the volunteering requirement. \g is an emotionally charged issue. Many critics are {ng is not left up to the individual. (proudly) in the fact that he was able to donate (admiring) his accomplishments. __— 11, Mandatory volunteerin; __ indignation) that volunteeri adverb or preposition). The combination often icle (an Phrasal verbs are often used consists of a verb and a parti ing of the separate parts. ym the meanit ineveryday communication. Phrasal verbs (also called two-part or two-word verbs) combine a verb with a particle. Verb 4 Particle = ‘Meaning bo + back = return | let + down = disappoint Some phrasal verbs (also called three-part OF three-word verbs) combine with a preposition. Phrasal Verb «+ ~—«Preposition Meaning come up. with = imagine or invent + think back + on = remember Making a Difference 161 Scanned with CamScanner(ESSIEN ct, Many ject, Maw an be separated by the ect obi . A take a dire rticle can ‘Some phrasal verbs are transitive- me the verb and the pal is mea phrasal verbs are separable. Thi direct object. junteers: rolunteets She didn't want to let down the other ject] {[verb]fparticle] fe teers down. She didn’t want to let the ae ae particle] ae a one adirect object. In' Phrasal . ; ey do not take & eee Some —o verbs are intranets ihe verb and particle a. verbs are always inseparable. to go bac! liked volunteering at the animal shelte to sonpaticel t definition for each ; 4x there next week. x want he correct Work in a small group. Read the sentences. Choose t underlined phrasal verb. doing community service s time Dette spent thy say 1, Supporters of mandatory volunteering s: = i ing computer games. sitting around watching television or play! a. doing nothing special or useful b. sitting with friends in a circle c. not taking part in something 2, Justin Lebo has fixed up between 150 and 200 bikes and has given them all away. a. arranged a date for someone b. repaired or restored something to working order c. bought at alow price Supporters of mandatory volunteering hope that students will keep on volunteering after they have fulfilled their requirement. a. hold b. consider ¢. continue 4. At first, Justin could not figure out what to do with his two bikes, a. satisty b. understand c. take part in 5, Justin had so many bikes that he had to clear out his basement and ‘di ee eee nnd start building them there. b. paint an area or place ¢. empty an area or place UNIT 6 Scanned with CamScannere students found out é wre ‘opposed to them. the new graduation requirements, they were indi vested something " vere indignant and ; joer something that had ben ost yearned EW information about something A _qtne newspaper article Was published, many peopl dikes: ple called Justin up and offered him their ,,aseussed situation b spoke disrespectfully to someone contacted by phone : coon. if students do not do community service, they will end up being 3, complete a project 4, beina situation without planning it ¢. stop something 4, The community center’s staff will pick-up clothing donations from anywhere in town. 2, start to increase », clean something ¢ collect something sy Jasin was afraid that the garage sales would drv-p bythe end of the suramer. a. be dull and uninteresting 6, slowly come to an end « become useless gaDifference 163 Mal Scanned with CamScannerCREATE low. How would they reg Imagine you are a reporter interviewing the people vange the word form if neces" to the questions? Write answers using the words given: “y. keep on te 1. devote determined P ty it isn't he? Reronren: Your neighbor, Justin, is quite remarkable, IS" ves, he is, After lustin saw the boys having so much fun on their Justin Leno's Neicnsor: i every bo bicycles, he became devoted to the project. He was determined to get ong bicycle, so he kept on working hard, I'm very proud of hiv. i sit a 2. challenge inspired passion round Rerowrun: After fixing the first bike, did you ever think Justin would end up repairing and donating over 150 more? Susriy Leno's PRIN: donate end up manage proposal Reorrer: What do you think the director thought when Justin first told him he was planning on building a bicycle for every boy at Kilbarchan? Boy ar THe Kiparcuan Scuoot: ee: donate figure out fulfiting proud Reroxren: Why do you support mandatory volunteering? Srupenr Surrowrine es ee nd —__aao_— 164 UNIT6 Scanned with CamScannerindignant out , fd manage oxymoron _ Why are you oppo: rome Why are you opposed to mandatory volunteering? oot prosivé Manpatory Vowunrerine; gootothe Pearson Practice English App or MyEnglishLab for more vocabulary practice. qaMMAR FOR WRITING 1 Read the sentences and answer the questions. ;, Even though Justin was not required by his school to volunteer, he chose to work on bikes and donate them. +, Despite the fact that many students initially don't want to volunteer, they learn to love it ‘and continue after the school requirements are fulfilled. ¢ Itisa good idea to get students to go out into the community although it-can_be frustrating tohave to write about. it. 1. Each sentence is composed of two clauses.' What are the clauses in each sentence? ns although, even though, and despite the fact of mandatory volunteering? 2, Do the clauses that begin with the conce: that introduce a positive or negative opinion the same punctuation? If not, why not? er's main idea: the clauses with the concessions although, or the other clauses 3. Do the three sentences have 4, Which clauses express the writ even though, and despite the fact (hat. ie ofa sentence, Clauses can be dependent or independent. danse: a group of words containing a subject part of a enter a a aver’ that forms, Concessions an opinion that you need to support, but posing opinion. Presenting similarities t stronger. hus e expressing © concessions in a situation where you 2” ions in a sit ‘and describe the oP} atthe same tit aa ime, need to recogniz 7 2nd differences in contrasting points of view makes your argume! larities or differences between two a batt Use these words to concede or acknowledge sim! Contrasting ideas. , although even though despite the fact that though i f the fact that : inser introduce dependent clauses. mplete thought; the Not i 2 a co i ee words do nat tne ea sentence, It must be joined to an independent nt clause canno' (rain) clause. a continued on nest page Ll Making a Difference 165 Scanned with CamScanner3. The main clause usually describes the point that is more important a. Even though Justin was not required by his schoo! to volunteet he chose to Work on bikg, and donate them. Writer's opinion: Justin’s school had no require to use his time to help others. stin not to volunteer y ns he Acknowledging the opposing opinion: You would expect Ju was forced to. b. Itis a good idea to get students to go out into the community although if can be Fast, to have to write about it. ment for volunteering, but he stl wang, an i ts relating to mandator Writer’s opinion: There may be problems with assignmen ry volunteering, but students should still be required to go out into the community, Acknowledging the opposite view: Being forced to write about your volunteering takes away from any benefit you may receive from it. 4. When a sentence begins with a dependent clause, use 2 main clause. Even though garage sales had dried up by the end of August, Justin got enough old bikes as the result of a letter to the newspaper. 5. When a sentence begins with an independent clause, do not use a. comma. Justin got enough old bikes as the result of a letter to the newspaper even though garage sales had dried up by the end of August. comma to separate it from the 2. Combine each pair of sentences using the words in parentheses. Does your new sentence support mandatory volunteering or oppose mandatory volunteering? 1. Supporters of mandatory volunteering say that it is a good way for students to get valuable work experience. Critics say students should be paid if they are doing work. (even though) _Supporters of mandatory volunteering say itis @ good way for students to get valuable _experience even though they are not paid. Gupports mandatory volunteering)’ opposes mandatory volunteering . Critics of mandatory volunteering maintain that a school should not require a student to do anything after school except homework. Supporters of mandatory volunteering say thet volunteering is better than just sitting around watching TV or playing video games. (thougt) supports mandatory volunteering / opposes mandatory volunteering Opponents argue that volunteering is a personal choice, and so it shouldn't be mandat0” Supporters note that schools have many required classes that may not be a student’ personal choice. (although) supports mandatory volunteering / opposes mandatory volunteering 166 UNITE re Scanned with CamScannera bad volunteeri , ; sore porters mae iat are rience will stop people from volunteering 282°" ES gature. SUPE student volunteers h ences, pe fut continue 10 volunteer later in life, (inspite of the ae nesuecessl experi ae supports mandatory volunteering / opposes mandatory volunteering ty. Critics feel that xrs believe that mandatory volunteering can benefit the communi shan good. (despite 5, Suppo 5 ndatory volunteers may do a bad job and, therefore, cause more harm t! supports mandatory volunteering / opposes mandatory volunteering hh educational issue related to ces expressing your opinion about eact ’s on the line if your sentence he concession words in the box. Write lunteering. Write 0 if it opposes it. write sentent younteering. Use t supports mandatory vo inspite of the fact that though sthough despite the fact that even though 1, busy after-school schedules —S do have busy after-school. schedules, with volunteer either after school or during although many students planning. most should beable to find some time to free class periods. 2. personal choice —— 3. good to get students out into the community —— EnglishLab for more grammar practice. 5. Jish App oF MY! Qc. to the Pearson Practice Eng! iglishLab- 'eck what you learned in MyEM: Making a Difference 167 — Scanned with CamScanner168 ive Essay On CED datory voluntee! require C FINAL WRITING TASK: A Persuas sing, also called ons of man »ommunity service as a In this unit, y ie n this unit, you read about the pros and eons MA nat community service. What is your opinion al graduation requirement? ut mandatory inion abo ining your opinion a You are going to write a persuasive essay explaining volunteering programs. For an alternative writing topic, see page 175. PREPARE TO WRITE: Using a T-Chart hast topic, su le pre A T-chart is a prewriting tool that helps you examine two aspects fee with your point Bees cons associated with it. When you want to persuade someone 10 a8} + You i a .d to acknowledge an need to have strong reasons to support your opinion (pros). You ments against your rinion address possible arguments against your opinion (cons). The argumet are called counterarguments. sons to support a mandatory community 2 f ith reas 1 Complete a char like the one below with reasons to SUBPOT at ta service program (pros) and reasons against it (c Pros cons) 2. Use your T-chart to decide if these programs should be implemented or not. Write a thesis statement stating your opinion. The thesis statement is a sentence that includes the topic of your essay (mandatory volunteering) and the position you are taking or the point you are making (for or against). WRITE Writing a Persuasive Essay Ina persuasive essay, your goal is to convince the reader to agree with your position. Here are some important points: 1, State your position in the thesis statement. The reader must know how you feel at the start of the essay. All of your points will support the position of your thesis statement. 2. Present strong arguments to support your position. 3, Present strong support for your arguments, Provide detailed examples, anecdotes, quotes, and statistics. 7 " 4, Acknowledge the counterarguments presented by the opposing side, Th - te fi th counterarguments by showing why they are weak. This will make your argument eonger UNIT 6 ; EE Scanned with CamScanner1 Read the persuasive essay and answer the questions with a partner. Cutting Our Sports Teams Is Not a Healthy Decision _, Obesity rates are escalating! Students are more stressed than ever before! ‘These are just a couple of recent news headlines. At the same time, ironically, our school administration has recently proposed eliminating all sports teams, citing a decrease in team participation, low attendance, and the overall high cost of maintaining these teams. While cutting team sports from the budget would save money, the immediate and long-term negative results would not be worth the money saved. ___ First, though it is true that many teams have not had high numbers of participants, this is not a reason to cut all teams. A few teams still do have high participation rates and very dedicated players. One solution is to keep one or two high participation sports per season, for example, fall football, winter basketball and swimming, and spring track and baseball. Second, the school is concerned about poor audience attendance at the games and uses this argument to support the idea that there is a decreasing interest in our teams. Although there may be lower audience numbers than in the past, the students who do go are loyal fans. Moreover, this devoted fan base has helped build a community that promotes school spirit across the campus. This school spirit affects all students whether or not they attend each game. For example, after last year's baseball finals, more baseball hats were sold in the campus store than ever before even though most of the students wearing the hats had not attended one game! Adam Deering, a student, stated, “Even though I don't go to all of the games, I am still supportive of my school and proud of it. School can be really stressful, and the teams help reduce that stress and give students something else to focus on and bring them together besides academics.” Finally, the administration states that the cost of keeping team sports is just too high. Though the cost of sports teams may be high, the price paid for cutting the teams in the long term is even higher. Sports teams are a daily reminder of the importance of maintaining a balanced, healthy lifestyle. School sports help promote life-long healthy habits. With this in mind, shouldn't the school be putting more money into sports rather than taking it away? 1. What is the student's main position in regards to cutting school sports? What are the three main arguments the school uses to support cutting school sports? Complete the left side of the chart. 3, What are the counterarguments the student presents? Complete the right side of the chart, Pte aeniek euexen eed Colter) Making a Difference Scanned with CamScanner 169not? 4. Do you think the counterarguments are convincing? Why or why 5. What examples are used to strengthen the student's argument? Underline them, 2 Start planning your essa i list of pros and cons in Prepare to Write, y by looking at your list ae Choose three of the strongest arguments you will use to support eeu and write them in sections 2-4 below. Add details on the lettered lines to support your argument, You will add the introduction and conclusion paragraphs later. 1. Introduction (including Thesis Statement) 2 — | 5. Conclusion 170 UNIT6 bis. Scanned with CamScanner3 Look at the arguments in support of your position in Exercise 2. Write them in the left column below. What are the possible counterarguments? Write them in the middle column. Why are those counterarguments weak? Write the reasons in the right column. You will acknowledge the counterarguments in your essay using a concession clause and then refute or disprove them. ARGUMENTS FOR | AGAINST COUNTERARGUME Peau aaa A cialis Ae edarace cd es sn eau) 4 Look at the information in Prepare to Write on page 168 and Exercise 2 to plan your essay. Now write the first draft of your persuasive essay. * Include an introductory and a concluding paragraph. # Inthe body, be sure to acknowledge the counterarguments by using a concession clause. REVISE: Writing Introductions and Thesis Statements 1 Choose the sentence that better states the main idea and focus of an opinion essay about mandatory volunteering. Explain your choice. a, Mandatory volunteering is a terrible b. Mandatory volunteering is a terrible idea for idea, and in this essay I will explain the several reasons, including a fake external reasons why I think itis a bad idea, motivation to do good, an unreasonable time commitment, and competition with other after-school commitments. Making a Difference 1m Scanned with CamScannere thesis statement. The thes, ments “The introduction also 4 its th +, it prese” ictions. First, say: vera fun jaa and fOCus OF Sa en ding. 4 the reade! ition to help Introductions and Thesis Stater n essay has 5e\ ¢ that states the format The introduction to a! statement is a sentenc : provides necessary background in vs idea or the claim of the essay. Its eof view, or judgment on the topic, The Thesis Statement or xamples of weak and strong The thesis statement is a senten more than just the topic, as it inc It guides the writing and provides a focus thesis statements. js hesis statement for a is is not a strong tl requirement of | persuasive essay. It states a fact but has no int of view or opini ‘cates the mai communicates t ce that eerriter’s opinion PO the writ des er the writer. Look at tl Mandatory volunteering is 2 graduation in many high schools. ion. Pi g thesis statement. It gives but there is no focus. This is not a stron the writer’s opinion Mandatory volunteering is a terrible idea, Why is it a bad idea? and in this essay | will explain the reasons why I think it is a bad idea. Mandatory volunteering is a terrible idea This is a strong thesis statement. It explains for several reasons, including a fake external | why the writer believes mandatory motivation to do good, an unreasonable | volunteering is wrong. It also presents time commitment, and competition with how the claims will be presented in the other after-school commitments. body paragraphs. | 4. External motivation is fake. 2. Expecting students to dedicate hours of | time after school is unrealistic. 3. Students have equally important after- | school commitments, Engaging the Reader’s Interest One of the most important functions of a well-written i ‘ -written introduction i interest and make the reader want to continue reading. eduction Isto engage the reader's Here are three common techniques (called hooks) used in introductions: 1. State why the topic is important. . 2. Ask a provocative question. 3. Tell a relevant story or anecdote. 172 s«UNIT6 Scanned with CamScannergate the thesis statements. Put a check next to the strong thesis statements. at the hospital to fulfill my community service hoi 7, prom doing community service at the values of commitmen ; i at the hospital, He: e tt a mc ; P ‘arned the values of commitment, r "| volunteered 1 pola urs in high school. 3, Inthis essay, Twill discuss the Positive experienc _->* service at the hospital, , ‘es Thad doing my community 4, Without my community service experience, I would be a different person, - ‘ ; 5, Itis important to have community service experiences as it enhances our ~~ relationships with friends, family members, and community members athe three introductions. Underlin I 1e the thesis statements. Then label each 1 Production with the number of the technique from the presentation box aced, jrodtuction 1 ‘Technique: saiey today is obsessed with commercialism, People think only about making money and paging more and more possessions, Many college students choose their majors by deciding stich careers will pay the most money. Young people today are not learning enough about senonfinancial rewards in life. They are not learning about the joy and fulfillment of helpings bers. This is a very serious problem with education today. Itis important to support the oposal for a mandatory community service program so that young people will learn the value afgiving to others. Introduction 2 Technique: hen I was in high school, I was required to take part in a community service project. At first, {really didn’t want to do it. I thought it would be boring and a waste of time. The school let us thoose our project, and I decided to work at an animal shelter. I like animals and I thought the work wouldn't be too difficult. I worked all semester helping the veterinarian take care of sick ‘ndabandoned animals. I was surprised to find that by the end of the semester, I really liked sycommunity service job. In fact, it was my favorite part of the week, and I signed up to work ‘other semester. So, I am a perfect illustration of the benefits of mandatory community nice programs in school. This is why I support a program of mandatory community service ‘hour university. Itroduetion 3 ‘Technique: Yeall want to live in a better world, don't we? Poor children do not get enough to eat. The ‘hool system is not educating our kids. The environment is getting more and more polluted. Would happen if we all did something to solve the problems around us? Well, we can do tithing, and we should, A mandatory community service program in our school will give ents a valuable experience and also help solve important problems in our community. ifference 173 | Scanned with CamScannerues and revise your introduction, chni n. Choose two toot identify the technique used, 4 ractice revising your a our thesis statement. I using them. Be sure to include you Technique: ‘Technique: —_______ 5 Now go back to the first draft of your essay. * Make sure your thesis statement communicates the main idea or the claim of the essay. * Choose one of your introductions and use it in your essay. * Try to use the grammar and some of the vocabulary from the unit. © Go to MyEnglishLab for more skill practice. Scanned with CamScannerEDIT: Writing the ‘inal Draft Write the final draft of your essay and submit it to your teacher. Carefully edit it for grammatical and mechanical errors, such as spelling, capitalization, and punctuation. Consider how to apply the vocabulary, grammar, and writing skills from the unit. Use the checklist to help you. FINAL DRAFT CHECKLIST Does your essay have an introduction, three body paragraphs, and a conclusion? Does the introduction include a th statement? Does it engage the interest of the reader? Does each body paragraph have a topic sentence? Do all the topic sentences support the thesis statement? Do the body paragraphs present your arguments for or against mandatory volunteering? Do you acknowledge and then refute possible counterarguments? Did you use concessions to introduce the counterargument? Does the conclusion restate the thesis and offer final thoughts? Do you use the vocabulary from the unit? ALTERNATIVE WRITING TOPIC Imagine you are responsible for setting up a community service program in your city. What kind of program would you start? Who would it serve? Would there be volunteers? Who would they be? What would you hope to accomplish? Be specific. Use the grammar and vocabulary from the unit. (CHECK WHAT YOU’VE LEARNED Check (V) the outcomes you've met and vocabulary you've learned. Put an X next to the skills and vocabulary you still need to practice. Learning Outcomes Vocabulary 1 Infer people’s reactions © admiring (adj) © oppose © Take compare and contrast notes © challenge (n.) 4” 0 oxymoron with a T-chart 0 determined © passion 12 Recognize persuasive language 0 devote am © proposal 1 Use concessions 0 donate © proudly 10 Write introductions and 0 fulfill 0 resentful thesis statements 1 indignation 0 satisfaction 0 Write a persuasive essay 0 inspire 0 thrilled 3 manage 0 co to MyEnglishLab to watcha video about philanthropy, access the Unit Projet, an take the Unite Achieverment Test Making a Difference 175 Scanned with CamScanner