Sunday, 26 May 2019

PAPER 2

LATIN WORDS

✩ Anima, anim: brought to life

✩ Ann, enn: year
✩ Anthropo: people
✩ Aqua: water
✩ Biblio, bibli: books
✩ Bio: life
✩ Chrono: order/time
✩ Cosmo: worldly/universe
✩ Crac, crat: govern/rule
✩ Dem: people
✩ Ethno: culture
✩ Eu: good/well
✩ Fid: trust, faith
✩ Flu: to flow
✩ Form: shape, formation
✩ Fort: strong chance/luck
✩ Frig: cool
✩ Geo: universe/earth
✩ Gno, kno: belief/knowledge
✩ Grav, griev: heavy
✩ Hab: to have, hold; to dwell
✩ Hom: man, human
✩ Hosp: guest, host
✩ Hypo: below
✩ Juven: young

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✩ Labor: work, especially hard physical work
✩ Lith: stone
✩ Logue, logo: speech
✩ Medic: heal, healing
✩ Miso: hate, hatred
✩ Mono: one
✩ Nym, onym, onom: name
✩ Opt: eye
✩ Ortho: straight
✩ Pan: all, entire
✩ Physics: mind/brain
✩ Poly: many, several
✩ Sat, satis: please
✩ Somn: sleep
✩ Tele: at a distance
✩ Termin: end, limit
✩ Test: to witness, affirm
✩ Topo: place
✩ Tract: pull, draw, drag
✩ Trib: to allot, give attribute, tribute
✩ Ver: truth
✩ Vers, vert: turn
✩ Vest: adorn
✩ Vis, vid: to see, to look at

ACADEMIC WORDS

✩ Sychopant: Because the sycophant really wanted a good grade in his Social Studies class,
he gave his teacher an expensive Christmas present.
✩ Pernicious: The pernicious weed has spread all through the flower bed.
✩ Ubiquitous: Computers are becoming increasingly ubiquitous.

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✩ Non-Sequitur: The politician’s excuse for his lies was a non-sequitur.
✩ Diatribe: The candidate made a diatribe against his opponent
✩ Slipshod: If you turn in a slipshod project for your final assignment, you will probably not
pass the class.
✩ Nefarious: That senior prank was a nefarious thing to do.
✩ Precursor: An oil shortage is always a precursor to an increase in gas prices.
✩ Impregnable: The castle walls were impregnable.
✩ Demure: Bella is a demure and sweet girl, who is always nice to everyone.
✩ Jingoistic: My neighbour is a jingoistic man who listens to the national anthem twice a
day.
✩ Implacable: There was nothing he could buy to please his implacable wife.
✩ Affinity: I have a natural affinity for politics, which explains my extreme interest in the
subject.
✩ Coquette: She had a reputation of being a frivolous coquette.
✩ Harangue: His speech was nothing but a harangue against his opponent.
✩ Bemoan: My sister bemoaned loosing her keys.
✩ Misogynist: The professor’s misogynistic attitude made the students unhappy with him.
✩ Abhor: I abhor all forms of racism.
✩ Talisman: She always brought her talisman with her wherever she goes.
✩ Placid: I sat beside the placid lake under the moonlight.
✩ Bovine: He had a gentle, rather bovine expression on his face.
✩ Facetious: Stop being facetious; this is serious.
✩ Contrite: She was contrite the morning after her angry outburst.
✩ Erudite: She could turn any conversation into an erudite discussion.
✩ Anomaly: This is an unfair anomaly in our tax structure.
✩ Noxious: She died from inhaling noxious gas from the lab.
✩ Bilk: The con-artists bilked him out of more than $1500.
✩ Replete: The pantry is replete with snacks.
✩ Blasphemy: His writing were branded as blasphemy against God.
✩ Absolution: The pope heard her confession and her granted her absolution.
✩ Cantankerous: The cantankerous screamed at the kids who were playing in his front lawn.

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✩ Deride: You should never deride someone’s effort.
✩ Debacle: The project was a complete debacle.
✩ Temerity: He actually had the temerity to call her overweight.
✩ Ennui: Despite my ennui, I was able to past my boredom and finish my homework.
✩ Abstain: He took a vow to abstain from alcohol.
✩ Haughty: She gave me a haughty smile and walked away.
✩ Tenacious: We should be tenacious of our rights.
✩ Acquiesce: Steve seemed to acquiesce in the decision.
✩ Lampoon: His cartoons mercilessly lampoon the leading politician of the day.
✩ Curmudgeon: There's a cranky curmudgeon working at the hospital who gives all the
patients and other doctors flak.
✩ Sojourn: My sojourn at Belle’s house was pleasant.
✩ Gregarious: She is such a gregarious and outgoing person.
✩ Augment: He would need to find a job to augment his income.
✩ Insidious: The insidious playboy planned to con the heiress out of her fortune.
✩ Engender: The minister's speech did not engender confidence in his judgment.
✩ Nuance: I could see the nuance in her voice.
✩ Covert: He stole a covert glance at her across the table.
✩ Renown: He was a renown artist all across Asia.
✩ Tangent: The conversation went off tangent.
✩ Kismet: The change in direction was kismet.
✩ Exonerate: Lyndon was exonerated from the accusation of cheating.
✩ Altruism: I was torn between altruism and self-interest.
✩ Myopic: The government still has myopic attitude towards spending.
✩ Galvanzie: We have to galvanize people into doing this project.
✩ Gauche: It would be gauche to mention the price of this lipstick.
✩ Zenith: His career is now at its zenith.
✩ Futile: It would be futile to protest.
✩ Ruminate: She ruminated for days wether to tell him that she likes him.
✩ Acrimony: The book review was written with acrimony.

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✩ Solace: I found solace on my mother’s lap.
✩ Insipid: He’s an insipid old man.
✩ Pedestrian: Life in the suburbs could be pretty pedestrian.
✩ Visceral: She had a visceral dislike to all things foreign.
✩ Inept: He was rather inept at sports.
✩ Mitigate: Nothing could mitigate with the way she treated him.
✩ Anodyne: The introduction in the book was anodyne and brief.
✩ Vacillate: We cannot vacillate on the question of the party’s leadership.
✩ Incendiary: The soldiers were trained to deal with incendiary attacks.
✩ Depravity: He felt the pinch of depravity when his kids mocked his advice.

ESSAY

In Oceania, Eastasia, and Eurasia, the fighting does not occur because of a shortage
in resources or economic gain. The three superstates are self-sufficient. The triumvirs are also
equally strong and equally potent. Therefore, no matter what countries may be fighting, it is
still the same war: “None of the three superstates could be definitely conquered even by the
other two in combination. They are too evenly matched, and their natural defenses are too
formidable” (186). The irony comes from the fact that Oceania is larger than both of the other
super states. Because of this it is ironic that they cannot seem to overthrow even the smaller
of the two (Eastasia). Clearly, this ongoing war has no meaning to it. There are no economic
issues or competition for raw materials. In the realm of modern warfare, countries bear arms
in a fight for freedom, power, and economic growth, yet the superstates of Oceania, Eastasia
and Eurasia fight for loyalty among their citizens, the destruction of intelligence, and the
maintenance of a hierarchical society.
In order to stay in control of Oceania, the Party needs to make sure they have
everybody’s loyalty. The Party uses the war to direct any hatred the citizens may feel away
from Big Brother and towards things such as Hate Week and opposing countries. One of the
Party’s goals is to: “cut [the citizens of Oceania] off from contact with the outer world” (198).
This quote is a juxtaposition because the common citizen of Oceania is being compared to "a
man in interstellar space." This comparison is integrated into the novel because the way "a
man in interstellar space" has no sense of direction is similar to how a citizen of Oceania is
oblivious to the rest of the world's civilizations due to the restrictions of information,
boundaries, lack of communication, and laws that are placed on the people by the
government. By preventing Oceania’s people from seeing foreigners, the Party becomes
stronger. If the citizens of Oceania met with citizens from other countries, then they would all
realize everybody is the same and rebel against the Party to stop the war. Therefore, the Party
makes the other countries’ citizens look inhumane causing racism amongst the comrades.
This ensures the Party that there will always be an interminable hatred of the opposing
countries and their citizens. War is peace for the Party when all the citizens rely on Big

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Brother to save them. If war is peace for the Party, then war is peace to the citizen’s of
Oceania, because the Party is always right and there is no proof of them ever being wrong.
An important aim of the Party is to dissipate any thought or intelligence in Oceania.
By doing so, the Party will be able to control every possible thought in a human’s brain
without much effort. If the citizens begin to realize the Party’s teachings do not have any
purpose, then the Party will lose their power; so, “It is a deliberate policy to keep even the
favored groups somewhere near the brink of hardship” (191). This quote is an allegory
because when analysed it shows how the Part brainwashes the citizens. With hardship, it will
be instinctive for citizens to look upon the Party for support. People will stop thinking for
themselves and follow every word Big Brother utters. Their minds will slowly empty out and
be replaced with the Party’s teachings. Once the Party starts controlling everybody’s
thoughts, nobody will know right from wrong. Little things offered by the Party will become
extravagant gifts to the citizens of Oceania. The citizens will think they are being helped with
such care and concern. The Party’s control will only grow stronger as they oppress the people
with hardships. The war allows the Party to show the citizens that Big Brother is taking
control of the situation. It also helps the Party gain more power and reverence from the
people. In order to stay at peace, the war must go on and the Party must keep brainwashing
the citizens’ minds to follow Big Brother.
War gives the Party the power to sustain a hierarchical society: “The war is waged
by each ruling group against its own subjects, and the object of war is not to make or prevent
conquests of territory, but to keep the structure of society intact” (199). This quote was
spoken by Goldstein who was a brief allusion to historical figure Trotsky. If the citizens all
enjoyed the same leisure and security, then they would realize that the privileged minorities
such as the Inner and Outer Party really have no purpose. This realization would only cause
the people of Oceania to rebel against the Party; or, if they created a society where everybody
is equal, it would allow a great mass of the proles to become literate and learn to think for
themselves. Once the citizens start thinking for themselves, all the power the Party took years
to gain would cease to exist for good; therefore, the Party cannot afford to end the war: “It
would probably be accurate to say that by becoming continuous war has ceased to exist”
(199). Usually a war ends in victory or defeat, but because the Party’s goals are different, this
war is perpetual. By being everlasting, the word “war” has lost its meaning. As long as the
citizens do not feel that they should be given equality or question the Party’s teachings, then
war is peace.
The Party ensures that Big Brother is omnipotent and infallible by demonstrating
that Big Brother has the most power in the world. Nobody would then feel the need to move
up in society or attempt to take control, but instead, they would simply accept their position.
The Party makes sure all the classes in Oceania’s society are distinguished by the citizens’
attire. Therefore, a person will be able to differentiate who is better and who is inferior to
themselves. Clearly, the Party’s dissemination of ignorance and brainwashing has made
people feel no desire to become better or higher in Oceania’s society. War is peace when the
Party retains their position at the top of society with no revolt from the citizens, when they
control every aspect of people’s lives, and when the citizens devote themselves to Big
Brother and the Party.
The concept of "war is peace" is used today by the United States of America and
NATO, when they engage in the so called "preemptive wars." The term itself is a paradox,
because one cannot start a war in order to prevent it.

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In 1984, the Party alters the purpose of war. It is only used to gain loyalty among
citizens, destroy any kind of intelligence, and maintain a hierarchical society. War is only
there to benefit the Party and help them overpower the innocent masses of people in Oceania.
The Party succeeds in brainwashing their citizens, causing unnecessary hardship, and reliance
on a fictional leader. The Party is made up of a group of selfish people. Their heartless minds
thirst for power and nothing more. War is peace to the Party because they accomplish their
goal of controlling the citizens of Oceania. The Party finds satisfaction in knowing they are
on the top of Oceania’s hierarchical society and hold power over the citizens’ minds. As long
as the Party’s beliefs and teachings are compulsory, war is peace.