Professional Documents
Culture Documents
2020 PH101 Lecture04
2020 PH101 Lecture04
Lecture 04
Coordinate systems
PH 101: PHYSICS 1 Lecture 04 [2]
𝝏𝝋 𝜕𝜑 𝜕𝜑
=𝟎 =0 = − 𝑟 sin 𝜃 + 𝜃 cos 𝜃
𝝏𝒓 𝜕𝜃 𝜕𝜑
PH 101: PHYSICS 1 Lecture 04 [3]
𝑣 = 𝑟𝑟 + 𝑟 𝜃𝜃 + sin 𝜃𝜑 𝜑
𝒗 = 𝒓𝒓 + 𝒓𝜽𝜽 + 𝒓 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝜽𝝋 𝝋
You need to try this out?
Can you obtain Acceleration??
𝑎 = 𝑟 − 𝑟𝜃 2 − 𝑟𝜑 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃 𝑟 + (𝑟𝜃 + 2𝑟𝜃
− 𝑟𝜑 2 sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃)𝜃 + 𝑟𝜑 sin 𝜃 + 2𝑟𝜃𝜑 cos 𝜃
+ 2𝑟𝜑 sin 𝜃 𝜑
PH 101: PHYSICS 1 Lecture 04 [4]
𝑎𝑟 = 𝑟 − 𝑟𝜃 2 − 𝑟sin𝜃𝜑 2 sin𝜃 Z
𝑟
Centripetal part due to angular motion Centripetal part due to angular
in a plane containing Z- axis motion in xy plane
𝜃 90 − 𝜃
𝜃
𝑎𝜃 = (𝑟𝜃 + 2𝑟𝜃 − 𝑟sin𝜃𝜑2 cos𝜃) 𝜃 Any axis in
XY plane
Coriolis part due to angular motion Centripetal part due to angular
in a plane containing Z- axis motion in xy plane
𝒓 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝜽 𝒓 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝜽 𝑑𝝋 𝝋
𝒅𝒓𝒓 𝒓𝑑𝜽𝜽
𝒓 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝜽 𝑑𝝋 𝝋 𝒅𝝋𝜽, 𝝋)
(𝒓,
𝒅𝒓
𝜽 𝒓 𝒓 + 𝒅𝒓
𝒓𝑑𝜽𝜽
𝑑𝜽 𝒀
𝝋
Elementary
displacement 𝒓 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝜽 𝒅𝝋 𝝋
in arbitrary 𝒅𝒓𝒓
direction 𝒅𝒓 in 𝒅𝒓
dt 𝜽
𝒓 𝒓𝒅𝜽𝜽
𝒀
𝝋
𝑿
DONE
WORK
Elementary work done when a particle
moves in 1D from 𝑥 to 𝑥 + 𝑑𝑥
𝒅𝑾 = 𝑭𝒙 𝒅𝒙
𝒅 𝟏
𝑭𝒙 = − 𝒌𝒙𝟐 = −𝒌𝒙 Hook’s law
𝒅𝒙 𝟐
𝑘 is spring constant 1
𝑈 𝑥 = 2 𝑘𝑥 2
Equation of motion of a particle under harmonic
potential
𝑚𝑥 = −𝑘𝑥 𝑥
𝑘
𝑥+ 𝑥=0
𝑚
Solution is harmonic.
2
𝑘
𝑥+𝜔 𝑥 =0 ⟹ 𝜔 =
𝑚
- frequency of oscillation.
PH 101: PHYSICS 1 Lecture 04 [15]
1
𝑈(𝑥) = 2 𝑘𝑥 2 𝒙
Potential energy for atom and many other practical systems are close to harmonic
around equilibrium point but deviates at larger distance from equilibrium