KITWE COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT

STAFF COLLEGE.

STUDENT NAME : JANE MULENGA

LECTURER NAME : MS.E.M.MACHILA

COURSE : COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT

SUBJECT : PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICES

TASK : EXPLAIN SOME SOLUTIONS TO THE CURRENT PROBLEMS

AFFECTING THE YOUTHS IN YOUR COMMIUNITY.

1
There are many problems right now that are affecting youth in the community. Some of these
problems can be easily solved, or can be impossible to solve depending how bad it is. Many people
think these problems should be solved by the governments, since they are in charge. But we can
also solve these problems if we get together. Not all the problems, but some that can be solved.
The major problems that are affecting youths in communities today are: unemployment, violence,
Crime, Drug addiction Rape, Premature Sex and Teenage Pregnancy.
UNEMPLOYMENT
The first problem in the society right now is unemployment. Many people today are either
unemployed or underemployed.
Promoting entrepreneurial skills among the youths, a notion that is commonly adopted by youths
around the world is that after college, the only way to be productive is by seeking a day job.
What they do not realize is that most of them have different skills from what the employers want.
As such, most of them waste their time trying to be employed while they could be using it in
more gainful ventures. In addition to the mismatch between the youths’ skills and the employers’
expectations, the employment opportunities available are also low in comparison to the number
of youths seeking jobs. Fostering entrepreneurship is a good way for the government and other
societal organizations to keep the youths productive. With entrepreneurship, more youths will
not only be able to generate incomes but also create jobs for other youths.

Increased job creation and the demand for labour, the government and employers should device
ways to create more jobs for the unemployment youth population through funding and founding
job filled programs. The employers can try to fit
VIOLENCE
Another problem in the society is violence. Today, there are many
violence in the streets, some schools, and also in the media. These violence in
the streets can cause the neighborhood to become a bad place to live. This
will cause people not to go there or move in there because of these violence.
There are also many violence and gangs in some school, causing some of the
school to be very unsafe to go. With these violence and gangs, students will
probably be afraid of these people. In addition, the media can contain violence

2
too. These violence, can cause kids to do whatever is on TV. For example, my
little brother likes to watch wrestling and he sometimes does wrestling moves on
me for no reason and thinking it's fun. Even though it doesn't hurt me because
I'm bigger than him, he might hurt someone smaller in school or something.
Social issues are matters which directly or indirectly affect many or all members of a society and
are considered to be problems, controversies related to moral values, or both.

Social Problems is the official publication of the Society for the Study of Social Problems. It is a
quarterly journal published by University of California Press, in Berkeley, California. It was first
published in 1953.

A social problem is a condition that at least some people in a community view as being
undesirable. Everyone would agree about some social problems, such as murders. Other social
problems may be viewed as such by certain groups of people. Teenagers who play loud music in
a public park obviously do not view it as a problem, but some other people may consider it an
undesirable social condition. Some nonsmokers view smoking as an undesirable social condition
that should be banned or restricted in public buildings.

Every newspaper is filled with stories about undesirable social conditions. Examples include
crime, violence, drug abuse, and environmental problems. Such social problems can be found at
the local, state, national and international levels. You will be focusing in the Public Policy
Analyst on social problems in your own community

CRIME
Crime is the breach of rules or laws for which some governing authority (via mechanisms such
as legal systems) can ultimately prescribe a conviction. Individual human societies may each
define crime and crimes differently. While every crime violates the law, not every violation of
the law counts as a crime; for example: breaches of contract and of other civil law may rank as
“offences” or as “infractions”. Modern societies generally regard crimes as offenses against the
public or the state, distinguished from torts (offenses against private parties that can give rise to a
civil cause of action).
When informal relationships and sanctions prove insufficient to establish and maintain a desired

3
social order, a government or a sovereign state may impose more formalized or stricter systems
of social control. With institutional and legal machinery at their disposal, agents of the State can
compel populations to conform to codes, and can opt to punish or to attempt to reform those who
do not conform.

Authorities employ various mechanisms to regulate (encouraging or discouraging) certain

behaviors in general. Governing or administering agencies may for example codify rules into
laws, police citizens and visitors to ensure that they comply with those laws, and implement
other policies and practices which legislators or administrators have prescribed with the aim of
discouraging or preventing crime. In addition, authorities provide remedies and sanctions, and
collectively these constitute a criminal justice system. Legal sanctions vary widely in their
severity, they may include (for example) incarceration of temporary character aimed at
reforming the convict. Some jurisdictions have penal codes written to inflict permanent harsh
punishments: legal mutilation, capital punishment or life without parole.

The sociologist Richard Quinney has written about the relationship between society and crime.
When Quinney states “crime is a social phenomenon” he envisages both how individuals
conceive crime and how populations perceive it, based on societal norms.
The label of “crime” and the accompanying social stigma normally confine their scope to those
activities seen as injurious to the general population or to the State, including some that cause
serious loss or damage to individuals. Those who apply the labels of “crime” or “criminal”
intend to assert the hegemony of a dominant population, or to reflect a consensus of
condemnation for the identified behavior and to justify any punishments prescribed by the State
(in the event that standard processing tries and convicts an accused person of a crime).

 Child labor refers to the employment of children at regular and sustained labor. This practice is
considered exploitative by many international organizations and is illegal in many countries.
Child labor was utilized to varying extents through most of history, but entered public dispute
with the advent of universal schooling, with changes in working conditions during the industrial
revolution, and with the emergence of the concepts of workers’ and children’s rights.

4
In many developed countries, it is considered inappropriate or exploitative if a child below a
certain age works (excluding household chores or school-related work). An employer is usually
not permitted to hire a child below a certain minimum age. This minimum age depends on the
country and the type of work involved. States ratifying the Minimum Age Convention adopted
by the International Labour Organization in 1973, have adopted minimum ages varying from 14
to 16. Child labor laws in the United States set the minimum age to work in an establishment
without restrictions and without parents’ consent at age 16.

The incidence of child labor in the world decreased from 25 to 10 percent between 1960 and
2003, according to the World Bank.

DRUGS
The prohibition of drugs through sumptuary legislation or religious law is a common means of
attempting to prevent drug use. Prohibition of drugs has existed at various levels of government
or other authority from the Middle Ages to the present.

While most drugs are legal to possess, many governments regulate the manufacture, distribution,
marketing, and sale of some drugs, for instance through a prescription system. Only certain drugs
are banned with a “blanket prohibition” against all use. However, a continuing problem remains
in effect, as the prohibited drugs continue to be available through illegal trade, see illegal drug
trade, also known as the Black Market. The most widely banned substances include psychoactive
drugs, although blanket prohibition also extends to some steroids and other drugs. Many
governments do not criminalize the possession of a limited quantity of certain drugs for personal
use, while still prohibiting their sale or manufacture, or possession in large quantities. Some laws
set a specific volume of a particular drug, above which is considered ipso jure to be evidence of
trafficking or sale of the drug.

RAPE
In criminal law, rape is an assault by a person involving sexual intercourse with another person
without that person’s consent. Outside of law, the term is often used interchangeably with sexual
assault, a closely related (but in most jurisdictions technically distinct) form of assault typically
including rape and other forms of non-consensual sexual activity.

5
In one survey of women, only two percent of respondents who stated they were sexually
assaulted said that the assault was perpetrated by a stranger. Several studies argue that male-male
prisoner rape might be the most common and least-reported form of rape, with some studies
suggesting such rapes are substantially more common in both per-capita and raw-number totals
than male-female rapes in the general population.

When part of a widespread and systematic practice, rape and sexual slavery are recognized as
crimes against humanity and war crimes. Rape is also recognized as an element of the crime of
genocide when committed with the intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a targeted ethnic group.

In Conclusion, societies differ in resources, culture, tradition, wealth, and political power. The
same could be said of people. Despite these differences, societies and people share the potential
to develop and overcome historical limitations. It is not easy to define this capacity for change in
the 1990s, but it includes the expectations, beliefs, and values that cause people to look ahead, to
take actions, and to hope that tomorrow will be different, better, and more rewarding than today.
This capacity, not easy to measure, is often behind most processes of human change from the
migration to urban centre to changes in social mobility, from cultural assimilation to political
mobilization, or to the emergence of new forms of community organization. One of the main
challenges of the current human development approach is to make this capacity the driving force
for social reform.

6
REFERENCES.

Avery, M., auvine, B., streibel, b., & weiss, l. (1981). a handbook for consensus decision
making: building united judgement. cambridge, ma: center for conflict resolution.

Dale, d., & mitiguy, n. planning, for a change: a citizen's guide to creative planning and program
development.

Dashiell, k. (1990). managing meetings for collaboration and consensus. honolulu, hi:
neighborhood justice center of honolulu, inc. interaction associates (1987). facilitator institute.
san francisco, ca: author.

Lawson, l., donant, f., & lawson, j. (1982). lead on! the complete handbook for group leaders.
san luis obispo, ca: impact publishers.

Meacham, w. (1980). human development training manual. austin, tx: human development
training.

morrison, e. (1994). leadership skills: developing volunteers for organizational success. tucson,
az: fisher books.