GENERAL SCIENCE

CLASS III

LIGHT, SOUND AND FORCE

 FOCAL POINTS OF THE CHAPTER

LIGHT SOUND FORCE

• WHAT IS LIGHT? • NOISE • EFFECTS OF FORCE

• LUMINOUS OBJECTS • DIFFERENCE • PULL AND PUSH
• NON-LUMINOUS OBJECTS BETWEEN • FRICTION
SOUND AND • GRAVITY
• SHADOW NOISE
• LENGTH OF SHADOW • NOISE
POLLUTION
 SHADOWS

We all know that-

• Light always travels in a straight line.
• It cannot bend around the corners.
• So, when light falls on any opaque
object like a stone or a ball or a tree,
a dark area is formed on the opposite
side of the source of light.

So, we can define shadow as a dark area which is formed on a bright

surface whenever an opaque object blocks the path of the light.

When the Sun shines or when light from another

source falls on any opaque object, it casts a shadow.
 Can a shadow be formed in a
dark room ? Let’s learn a
few important facts!

Light is always Shadows are always

Shadows can never
required for a shadow dark in colour,
form in total darkness.
to form. irrespective of the
colour of the
object.
 Is the shadow formed always of
the same length ?

The length
and direction
of the
shadows
change during
the day.
Rotation of the Earth causes the position and length of the
shadow to change, throughout the day.

❏ In the morning, the length of

the shadow is longer than the
actual object and points towards
the west.
❏ At midday, the length of the
shadow is shortest and is
overhead.
❏ In the evening, again the length
of shadow increases and points
towards the east.
 SOUND OF AN WAKE UP CALL
CHIRPING OF BIRDS
ALARM CLOCK BY MOTHER

▪ A shadow produces no sound. But we hear sounds all around us.

▪ Our mornings start with a variety of sounds. It becomes quieter at
night when we sleep.

Sound is also like a wave that travels through matter (solid, liquid or gas) and can
be heard by our ears.
 What is sound? How is it produced?
How are we able to hear sounds?

Whenever there is some kind of movement, such as

someone plucking a guitar string, or moving lips to speak,
or even rustling of air or knocking on a door, a disturbance
in the air particles is created.

This The
vibrations Our ears vibrate
disturbance in a similar way
sets a kind spread
causing allowing us to
of vibration hear many
in the air the sound
to travel different sounds.
particles.
as waves.
PLEASANT AND UNPLEASANT SOUND

This loud or unpleasant sound

is called noise.
EXCESS OF NOISE CAUSES NOISE POLLUTION

▪ PERMANENT LOSS OF
HEARING
▪ HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE
▪ INSOMNIA
▪ INCREASED STRESS
▪ NERVOUSNESS
▪ SLEEP DISTURBANCE
 DIFFERENCE BETWEEN SOUND AND NOISE

SOUND NOISE

Pleasant to hear. Not pleasant to hear.

Produces meaningful communication Produces no meaningful

communication.

Examples- sound of musical Examples- sounds of vehicles honking,

instruments, bursting of crackers etc.
chirping of birds, flowing rivers etc.
 SOME INTERESTING FACTS!

Sound is used
Dogs can hear When traveling
by
sound at a through water,
many animals to Sound can’t
higher frequency sound moves
detect danger, travel through a
than humans, around four
warning them of vacuum (an area
allowing them to times faster than
possible attacks empty of matter).
hear sounds that when it travels
before they
we can’t. through air.
actually happen.
 WORK TO BE DONE IN
GENERAL SCIENCE NOTEBOOK

Q1: Define the following terms:

(a) Shadow
(b) Noise
Q2: What is noise pollution? Write any two ill
effects of noise pollution.