UNIT-5

DESIGN OF STANCHIONS
A column is defined as a structural member subjected to compression force in a direction parallel
to its longitudinal axis. Stanchions ,strut ,column or post these are different terms used for
compression member and it's depending upon the position in structure. A compression member
is straight and subjected to two equal and opposite compressive forces applied at its end.

Strut is a compression member used in roof truss and bracing. they are small span and maybe
vertical or inclined. Column ,stanchions or post is a vertical member used to supporting floors or
girder in building. These compression member are subjected to heavy loads.

When the compression member are overloaded then their failure may take place because of one
the following:
1. Direct Compression
2. Excessive bending
3. Bending combined with twisting

The failure of column depends upon its slenderness ratio. The load required to cause above
mentioned failures decreases as the length of compression member increase ,the cross sectional
area of the member being constant. Therefore ,columns are commonly classified as short and
long columns.

Excessive compression of long column causes yielding or buckling. It can fail due to yielding if
it is absolutely straight, has perfectly homogenous material ,concentric loads and no initial
residual stresses. These are ideal conditions which may never exit in an actual structure. As
compressive loading of column is increased, it eventually causes some eccentricity. This in turn
sets up some bending moment, causing the column to deflect or buckle slightly. This deflection
increases the eccentricity and thus bending moment .This may progress to where the BM is
increasing at a greater than increase in load and the column soon will fails by buckling. In
general long column fails by buckling and short column fails by crushing

DESIGN OF STANCHIONS

Following assumption are made while designing a column.

1.The ideal condition is assumed to be absolutely straight having no crookedness, which never
occurs in practice.
2. The modulus of elasticity is assumed to be constant in a built up column .
3.Secondary stress are neglected.

The strength of a compression member is defined as its safe load carrying capacity. The strength
of a centrally loaded straight steel column depends on effective cross sectional area ,radius of
gyration(shape of cross section),length and load on column .In its design information required
will be In its design information required will be the length of the member ,the end conditions
and the load it has to support. Effective cross sectional area and slenderness ratio of the
compression members are main features, which influence its strength. The designer is supposed
to select a section which provides a large radius of gyration without providing more area and in
which average compressive stresses does not exceed the allowable compressive stress.
To compute these stresses ,the cross sectional area and radius of gyration must be known .So
there are two unknown and it becomes essential to assume one out of two based on some
principle, and compute other. The section is then checked for safety. The procedure is thus of
trial and error and is as follows:

DESIGN OF STANCHIONS

1. Calculate Load on Stanchion.

· Minimum Load = Load Given or Calculated
· Maximum Load = Minimum Load + 15%, For Economy
2. Average allowable compressive Stress in the section is assume = 80 to 100N/mm².
For Effective Lengths up to 5M take 90N/mm2 and
Higher Effective Lengths (may be greater than 5M) take 80N/mm2 or even lower 70N/mm2.
3.The cross sectional area required to carry the load at the assumed allowable stress is
computed.
𝑷
𝑨=
𝑨𝑳𝑳𝑶𝑨𝑩𝑳𝑬 𝑪𝑶𝑴𝑷𝑹𝑬𝑺𝑺𝑰𝑽𝑬 𝑺𝑻𝑹𝑬𝑺𝑺
where A is tentative cross sectional area required(in mm²) and P is the load on column in
Newtons.

4. Select a Section ISHB based on the above Area. The section that provides the estimated required
area is selected from steel table ,the section is so chosen that the minimum radius of gyration of the
section selected is as large as possible. The appropriate least radius gyration for the section selected
is recorded.
For the Selected ISHB, Find the rmin of the section from the steel tables.

5. Calculate effective length ( le) based on the end conditions of column and calculate
λ= 𝒔𝒍𝒆𝒏𝒅𝒆𝒓𝒏𝒆𝒔𝒔 𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐 = 𝒍𝒆/𝒓𝒎𝒊𝒏

6. For the calculated S.R or λ, Interpolate and find the value of Stress the member can take
from Steel Tables
7. The effective sectional area (A ) of the member is noted from structural steel section table
Calculate ,
Load by Stanchion = Interpolated Stress x Area of Section
8. If Minimum Load < Load by Stanchion < Maximum Load, Choose the Section
9.a If Load by Stanchion < Minimum Load take a higher section and Proceed from step 4
onwards again.
9.b If Load by Stanchion > Maximum Load take a lower section and Proceed from step 4
onwards again
 Problems:1
Problem 1 Design a Steel Stanchion of Effective Length 5M to take a load of 800kN.Assume
fy=250MPa
Calculate Load:
1. Minimum Load = 800 kN = 800000N
Maximum Load = 800+15%=800+120=920KN=920X10^³N
2. Effective Length is given as 4.6M, so let us assume a Stress = 90 N/mm²

3. Hence Area for Selection

= Load /Stress = 800000/90=8888.88 mm² =88.88 cm²
4. Select ISHB350@34.5 Kg /M
Area = 92.21 cm ² =92.21 x10^²=9221 mm²
Rmin = ryy =52.2mm
5. le given = 5000 mm
S.R = le/rmin = 5000/52.2=95.76
6. For l/r=95.78 and fy=250 n/mm²
To Interpolate for
90 90
95.78 x
100 80
80 − 90 𝑥 − 90
=
100 − 90 95.78 − 90
X=84.21N/mm²

7. Load taken by Stanchion = Area x Interpolated Stress Value

=9221x84.21 =776.542KN
=800 kN<776.542KN<920KN
Minimum Load < Load by Stanchion < Maximum Load, Choose the Section is safe.

Problems:2
Problem 1 Design a Steel Stanchion of Effective Length 4M to take a load of 750kN.Assume
fy=250MPa
Calculate Load:
1. Minimum Load = 750 kN = 750000N
Maximum Load = 750+15%=750+112.5=862.5X10^³N
2. Effective Length is given as 4.6M, so let us assume a Stress =85 N/mm²

3. Hence Area for Selection

= Load /Stress = 862500/85=10147.05 mm² =101.470 cm²
4. Select ISHB400@82.2 Kg /M
Area = 104.86 cm ² =104.86 x10^²=10486 mm²
Rmin = ryy =51.6mm
5. le given = 4000 mm
S.R = le/rmin = 4000/51.6=77.519
6. For l/r=77.519 and fy=250 n/mm²
To Interpolate for
70 112
77.519 x
80 101
101 − 112 𝑥 − 112
=
80 − 70 77.519 − 70
X=103.7291N/mm²

7. Load taken by Stanchion = Area x Interpolated Stress Value

=10486x103.729=1087.70KN
=800 kN<776.542KN<920KN
Minimum Load < Load by Stanchion < Maximum Load, Choose the Section is safe.

Problems:3
Problem 1 Design a Steel Stanchion of Effective Length 3m to take a load of 350kN.Assume
fy=250MPa
Calculate Load:
1. Minimum Load = 350 kN = 350000N
Maximum Load = 350+15%=350+52.5=402.5KN=402.5X10^³N
2. Effective Length is given as 3 m, so let us assume a Stress =100N/mm²

3. Hence Area for Selection

= Load /Stress = 350000/85=41.176 cm^²
4. Select ISHB150@34.6 Kg /M
Area = 44.08 cm ² =44.08 x10^²=4408 mm²
Rmin = ryy 33.5mm.
5. le given = 3000 mm
S.R = le/rmin = 3000/33.5=89.552
6. For l/r=67.91 and fy=250 n/mm²
To Interpolate for
80 101
89.522 x
90 90
90 − 101 𝑥 − 101
=
90 − 80 89.522 − 80
X=90.5258N/mm²

7. Load taken by Stanchion = Area x Interpolated Stress Value

=90.5258 x 4408=399.03 KN
350<399.03<402.5
Minimum Load < Load by Stanchion < Maximum Load, Choose the Section is safe.