STAIRS

IV-1 Introduction
IV-2 Types of stairs
IV-3 Parts of stair
IV-4 Drawind standards
Evaluation (draw stairs plan of building for residential use)

I- INTRODUCTION
Staircase is a room which provide access & communication between floors in multi-
level buildings.
A Stair is a system of steps by which people and objects may pass from one level of a
building to another. It’s also a set of steps which give access from floor to floor.

II- Types of stairs

There are many types of stairs, dipending either construction material, or either shape
and size.

1 shapes stairs types

Straight Run Stairs

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 180 Degree Return
Stair
Open well
Dog legged:

•L shaped Stair
Or
Quarter-turn stairs

•Spiral Stair

•WINDER STAIRS

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 2 Materials stairs types

 Timber stairs

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 Metal stairs

 R.C.C. stairs

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 Stone stairs

 Glass stairs

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 III- Parts of stairs

a. Tread or Going: horizontal upper portion of a step upon which foot is placed while
ascending or descending..
b. Riser: vertical portion of a step providing support to the tread.
c. Rise: vertical distance between two consecutive treads.
d. Flight: a series of steps provided between two landings.
e. Landing: a horizontal slab provided between two flights.
f. Waist: the least
st thickness of a stair slab.
g. Winder: radiating or angular tapering steps.
h. Soffit: the bottom underside surface of a stair slab.
i. Nosing: the intersection of the tread and the riser.
j. Headroom: the vertical distance from a line connecting the nosings of all treads and the
soffit above.

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g. Going: It is a horizontal distance between two successive riser faces.
h. Scotia: It is a moulding provided under the nosing to provide strength to nosing.
i. Strings or stringers:These are the slopping members which support the steps in a stair.
j. Newel post: It is a vertical member which is placed at the ends of flight to
connects the ends of strings and hand rail.
k. Baluster: It is vertical member of wood or metal, supporting the hand rail.
l. Handrail : it is element from the superior part of the sill of stairs with the purpose of giving
support to the people using stairs
k. Line of walk : The Graphic indicator of the way to the stairs;

IV- Step dimensions

The relation between the length of the tread (l) and the height of the riser( h) defines the
slope of the flight of stairs. In his book “ARCHITECTURE COURSE”, Jacques-Francois
Blondel (1705 – 1774) introduced a two factors equation that allows a proper design of a
staircase:
2R + T = 64

V- Exercise
We consider a building of two level floors for residential use. This construction has a
staircase, whose the dimensions are as follow.

- Lenght : 5.00m
- With : 2.50m
- Height : 9.18m
- Wall string thickness : 15cm

1. Use the BLONDEL RELATION (2R + T = 64) and deturm the rise of a step. We
consider that 30cm as lenght mesure of tread.
2. How many steps should be necessary to assending this building from ground floor to
second level floor ?
3. How many flight have been built for this staire ?
4. Deduce the number of steps per flight.
5. Whose are the dimensions of landing
6. Deduce the flight dimensions
7. On paper A4, use verticaly layout and 1/50 scale and make the following drawings :
- 1rst level floor plan of this stair
- Elevation plan of this stair beetwen ground floor and second level floor.

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 Exercice :
Considérons un bâtiment R+2 à usage d’habitation. Il est muni d’une cage d’escalier
dont les caractéristiques sont les suivantes :

- Longueur : 5.00m
- Largeur : 2.50m
- Hauteur : 9.18m
- Epaisseur du mur d’échiffre : 15cm

1. En vous servant de la relation de BLONDEL (2H + G = 64) déterminer la hauteur

d’une marche. On considère la valeur du giron égale à 30cm.
2. Combien de marches d’escalier vont être nécessaire pour la réalisation de cet escalier
partant du réez de chaussée au deuxième étage ?
3. Ayant fait le choix des escaliers droits demi tournant, déterminer le nombre de volées de
marche de l’ensemble de la cage d’escalier?
4. En déduire le nombre de marche par volée.
5. Déterminer les dimensions d’un palier de repos
6. En déduire les dimensions d’une volée.
7. Sur format A4 vertical avec mise en page échelle 1/50, exécuter les dessins suivant :
- La vue en plan de l’escalier au premier étage.
- L’élévation en coupe de l’escalier du rez de chaussée au deuxième étage.

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 CORRECTION

1. Use the BLONDEL RELATION and deturm the rise of a step. We consider that 30cm as
lenght mesure of tread.
We know that 2R + T = 64 or G=30cm
R= so R=17cm

2. How many steps should be necessary to assending this building from ground floor to
second level floor ?
. ∗
NUMBER OF STEPS= =36 steps
∗
3. How many flight have been built for this staire ?
4 flights because it’s a 180° return stair
4. Deduce the number of steps per flight.
number of steps per flight= = 9 steps per flight
5. Deturm the landing dimensions
Length 2.50meters
∗
Width= = 130cm
6. Deduce the flight dimensions
flight dimensions = ∗ =240cm
7. On paper A4, use verticaly layout and 1/50 scale and make the following drawings :
- 1rst level floor plan of this stair
- Elevation plan of this stair beetwen ground floor and second level floor

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