MODULE 1: INTRODUCTION to TOURISM MANAGEMENT

Lesson 1. Travel Agencies (JSTOR, 2016)

 A travel agency's main function is to act as an agent, selling travel products and services
on behalf of a supplier.
 A traveler is preparing to go to the United States for example; a travel agent may assist
him or her with the criteria before, during, and even after the journey.

 The travel agent can advise travelers to prepare the required documents such as a
valid passport, a visa and a round trip ticket.
Traditional Way - The conventional way was in the past consisting of travel agents who work to
the vendor and vendee as a middle person.

 Seller is the manufacturer and the vendee is the visitor requesting the travel agent 's
assistance.

 The travel agent meets with the vendor and the vendor works with them. In exchange,
the broker receives the vendor from the fee to promote his travel needs.
New Way – Because of Internet new trends have arisen. It opens the communication lines
between seller, middleman and vendee.

 The intermediaries are now called travel management companies (TMC) or travel
agency (TA).

 The TMC works as a retailer and vendee associate. Most information is accessible for
vendee because of the Internet and TMC or the middle person decides the best travel
arrangement.
Functions of Travel Management Company (TMC, 2020)

 Provide knowledge and expertise – travel agencies provide their client with the right and
appropriate knowledge on paper files, in particular.

 Suggest destinations, goods and facilities that are ideally tailored to consumer needs –
travel agents provide their customers with advice and assistance on any step of the way.

 Offering assistance in obtaining travel documents - Several travel agencies in the

Philippines assist clients in applying for, renewing or replacing their passports and other travel
documents and even other legal documents.

 Providing assistance in obtaining travel documents - Many travel agencies in the

Philippines support clients in applying for, renewing or replacing their passport, other travel
documents and even other legal documents.

 Process travel arrangements – Travel Services comprises event and meeting planning
organizations, travel firms and groups, as well as unions , government agencies and businesses
specialized in servicing the needs of the entire tourism industry. Under this sector division even
the field of tourism services is included.

Lesson 2.Tourism and Organizations (Versoza, 2016)

 Tourism involves the activities of individuals traveling to and from locations beyond their
normal environment for duration of not more than one (1) consecutive year for
recreation, company and other purposes.
 Tourism is travel for pleasure or business; also the theory and practice of touring, the
business of attracting, accommodating, and entertaining tourists, and the business of
operating tours.
 . The World Tourism Organization defines tourism more generally, in terms which go
"beyond the common perception of tourism as being limited to holiday activity
only", as people "traveling to and staying in places outside their usual
environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure and not less than
24 hours, business and other purposes".

Tourism Organizations in the Tourism Industry

International Organizations

 United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) This is a United Nations (UN)
tourism development agency specialized in production.

- This also acts as a global forum for tourism policy issues, and plays a central
role in promoting responsible, sustainable and widely available tourism, with
particular attention to developing countries' needs.

 International Air Transport Association (IATA) It’s the regional international air transport
leader Branch.
- With more than 260 members representing almost 95 percent of international
scheduled air traffic

- IATA represents the interests of its members in promoting clean, efficient,

accessible and cost effective air services.

 World Travel and Tourism Council (WTTC) The mission is to raise awareness about the
full economic effect of the tourism and travel industries.

- This is campaigning for free trade security, border controls and infrastructure
growth.
 International Hotel and Restaurant Association (IH&RA) the United Nations formally
acknowledges it, IH&RA serves the interests of the hotels and restaurants worldwide.

- Members include hotel and restaurant owners, corporate hotel managers,

 regional hospitality societies, hotel colleges, and hospitality industry suppliers.

Philippine Tourism Organizations (Versoza, 2016)

 Department of Tourism (DOT) - This is the Philippine government's executive

department that prepares, projects, schedules, executes, and governs tourism industry
domestic and international growth and promotion.

 Philippine Tourism Promotions Board (PTPB) - This is previously known as the

Philippine Convention and Visitors Company (PCVC). PTPB is responsible for
marketing and promoting the Philippines as a major global tourist destination,
domestically and internationally.

 Intramuros Administration (IA) - This is a DOT attached organization, whose key

functions are to restore and promote Intramuros as a tourist destination.

 National Parks Development Committee (NPDC) - It is an attached agency of the

DOT that is tasked to develop, preserve, and manage Rizal and Paco Parks in Manila
and other parks that may be assigned to NPDC.
 Nayong Pilipino Foundation (NPF) Nayong Pilipino Park This is a this is an attached
agency of the DOT that manages the Nayong Pilipino Park, the only cultural park in the
country that serves as the country’s miniature.

 Philippine Retirement Authority (PRA) - This has become an affiliated DOT

department and brings under the Secretary’s jurisdiction under the 2009 Tourism Act. It
is required to draw foreigners and former Filipino citizens to invest, live, and retire in the
Philippines with the end-view of accelerating the country's socio-economic growth.

MODULE 2: THE PUBLIC SECTOR

Lesson 1. The Tourism Public Sector (Department of Tourism, 2018)

The Tourism Public Sector

 Department of Tourism-The primary policy-making, planning, programming,
coordinating and administrative entity of the executive branch of government in the
development of the tourism industry, both domestic and international.

 Internal Service Sector - Ensures the smooth and legal functioning of the operations
of the Department through the provision of effective and efficient advice and services in
the areas of personnel management, human resources development, general services
administration, computerization and information technology services, budgetary,
financial and management services, and including investigatory and advisory services
  The Tourism Promotion Sector - Has the primary function of promoting the Philippines
as a tourist destination domestically and internationally. It devises integrated marketing
and promotional activities such as information dissemination, public relations, special
events, and related tourism programs.

- It likewise supervises the overseas field offices established to implement and

enhance the tourism development and promotion program of the Department in
the international field.
 Planning, Product Development and Coordination - Responsible for the formulation
and updating of the Tourism Master Plan, together with its component programs.

- The Sector monitors the effective implementation of the Tourism Master Plan
and, in coordination with the private sector and other government institutions,
develops and conceptualizes new products and investment opportunities
designed to enhance tourist sites and facilities.

 Philippine Tourism Authority – Responsible for implementing policies and programs

of the DOT pertaining to the development, promotion and supervision of tourism
projects in the Philippines.
 Intramuros Administration – Responsible for orderly restoration and development of
Intramuros as a monument to the Hispanic period of the Philippine History.
 National Parks Development Committee (NPDC) – Develops and maintains parks
such as Rizal Park, Quezon Memorial and other national parks.

Lesson 2. Other Government Agencies (Department of Tourism, 2018)

 National Historical Institute (NHI) - Declare Historical & Cultural sites and
edifices as national shrines, monuments and landmarks and maintains
historical sites all over the country and is engaged in the preservation of these
sites as well as the relics and memorabilia found in these places.

 Philippine Convention & Visitors Corporation (PCVC) - Promotes the

country as an ideal tourism, convention and incentive travel destination.

 Philippine Amusement and Gaming Corporation (PAGCOR) - Operates

and maintain gambling casinos, clubs and other recreation or amusement
places etc. whether on land or sea, within the territorial jurisdiction of The
Republic of the Philippines.

 Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) - Responsible

for the conservation, management, development and proper use of the
country’s environment and natural resources.

 Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE) - Enforce social and labor

legislation to protect the working class and regulate the relations between the
 worker and his employers.

 Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH) - Responsible for the

planning, design, construction and maintenance of infrastructure, especially
the national highways, flood control and water resources development
system.
 Department of Transportation and Communication - Create, encourage,
introduce and maintain integrated and strategic transport and communications
systems to ensure safe, efficient, sensitive and sustainable services to
stimulate economic growth and better serve people's transportation and
communications needs.

a) LTO (Land Transportation Office) – Controls motor vehicle registration

and service, and licensing of owners, dealers, drivers and related matters.

b) LTFRB (Land Transportation Franchising and Regulatory Board) – Requires, amends,

revises, suspends or cancels Public Convenience licenses or permits authorizing the provision
of public terrestrial transport services operated by motorized vehicles, and prescribes
appropriate terms and conditions.

c) Maritime Industry Authority – Integrates the growth, promotion and regulation of the
country's maritime industry.

d) Air Transportation Industry – Establish and implement rules & regulations for inspection
and registration of all aircraft owned and operated in the Philippines and all air facilities.

e) Civil Aeronautics Board – Regulates the economic dimension of air travel and has general
oversight and control over the ownership and management of air carriers and their properties,
property rights, equipment, facilities and franchise.

f) Light Rail Transit Authority (LRT) – Responsible for the construction, operation,
maintenance and/or lease of LRT systems in the Philippines.

g) Metro Rail Transit Corporation (MRT) - Responsible for the maintenance of the Manila
Metro Rail Transit System

h) Philippine National Railways (PNR) – Provides nation-wide railroad transportation system.

 Department of Interior and Local Government (DILG) - Establish and prescribe plans,
policies, programs and projects to promote peace and order, ensure public safety and
further strengthen the administrative, technical and fiscal capabilities of local government
offices and personnel
  Bureau of Food and Drugs - Processed foods, medications, medical equipment, in
vitro diagnostic reagents, cosmetics, and hazardous material products from households
are registered.

MODULE 3: THE PRIVATE SECTOR

Lesson 1. The Tourism Private Sector (Revfine.com, 2020)

Transportation
- The transportation sector is one of the most obvious sectors that falls under both
the travel and tourism umbrellas, and is concerned with the movement of people
from one location to another.
Air Transportation - This is the method of transportation by which passengers, mail,
and cargo are conveyed by air.
a. Commercial Airplanes - are the most common way that people are
transported through the air.

b. Helicopters - also transport people through the air, however, they are
much more limited when it comes to passenger and space and can only
transport a few people at a time, whereas, some commercial airplanes
can transport hundreds.
c. Seaplanes - are small airplanes that are also equipped to float. They are
usually utilized for travel to island destinations or to destinations where
water is prominent.
d. Blimps and hot air balloons transport people for recreational
purposes -. They cover a limited area that enables tourists to see a
location on a larger scope than if they tried to view the area from the
ground.
e. Spacecraft - A more recent form of transportation, which is going to
become increasingly influential in the years ahead, is the spacecraft. The
most famous

Land Transportation

 Taxi & Limousine Service

 Private Cars

 Bus Service

Railway Transportation
 - It is one of the most important, commonly used and very cost-effective modes of
commuting and goods carriage over long, as well as short distances.

Water Transportation

- It is the cheapest and the oldest mode of transport. It has the largest carrying
capacity and is most suitable for carrying bulky goods over long distances.
- Cruise is like a large floating holiday resort

- Cargo Ship/Vessels are kind of ship or any other vessel that transports heavy
goods and materials from one (1) port to another.

Lesson 2. Hospitality Industry (Revfine, 2020)

- The hospitality industry refers to a variety of businesses and services linked to

leisure and customer satisfaction.

- A defining aspect of the hospitality industry is also the fact that it focuses on
ideas of luxury, pleasure, enjoyment and experiences, as opposed to catering
for necessities and essentials.

Hotel - Provides accommodation, meals and refreshments for those who may reserve their
accommodations in advance but need not do so.

 Star Rating of Hotel Accommodation

 1 STAR - Low-budget hotel; inexpensive; may not have maid service or room
service; most people can afford to stay there for one or more nights

 2 STAR - Budget hotel; slightly more expensive; usually has maid service daily

 3 STAR - Middle-class hotel; moderately priced; has daily maid/room service, and
may have dry cleaning service, Internet access, and swimming pool.

 4 STAR - First-class hotel; expensive (by middle-class standards); has all of the
previously mentioned services; has many “luxuries” services (example: massages
or a health spa)

 5 STAR - Luxury hotel; most expensive hotel/resort has numerous extras to

enhance the quality of the client’s stay (example: private golf courses and even
small private airport)
  Condominiums – apartment or individual dwelling unit, owned by an individual
but the management and services such as maintenance and security are handled
by independent company.

 Motels/ Motor Hotels – provide bedroom, bath and parking to motorists; rooms
are usually accessible from the parking lot. They are usually near the highways.

 Inns – lodging establishments which caters to transients which do not meet the
minimum requirement of an economy hotel.

 Bed & Breakfast – provides a room, bath and hearty breakfast to tourist/travelers.

 Campgrounds – appeal mostly to families who travel in recreational vehicles

(RV’s)

 Hostels – this type provides minimal amenities such as a bunk bed and a
commonly shared toilet and bathroom. They appeal mostly to young travelers.

Lesson 3. Food and Beverage Industry (Revfine, 2020)

Food & Beverages

- Food and drinks are basic human needs and the food and beverage industry
caters these needs among tourists and travelers.
a. Restaurants - Restaurants are establishments which provide food and drink, which is
primarily eaten on the premises.
b. Catering - In relation to travel and tourism, the term catering is usually used to refer to
food and drink services that are situated in locations where eating and drinking are not
the primary attraction.
c. Bars & Cafés - Bars and cafés provide a relaxed environment for travelers to eat and
drink.
d. Nightclubs - Some locations in the world attract a large number of tourists off the back
of the night life on offer, with nightclubs being the main

Lesson 4. Entertainment (Revfine, 2020)

Entertainment

- Once tourists or travelers arrive at their chosen destination, they will often need
entertainment, even if that was not the primary purpose of their journey.
a. Tourist Information - The tourist information sub-category is focused on
providing travelers with important information about things to do in the local
area.
 b. Shopping - Shops play a varied role in the travel and tourism industries,
catering to people’s basic needs, while also providing a form of
entertainment.
c. Tourist Guides & Tours - Tourist guides offer organized tours of a location,
which will typically consist of them taking a group of people to some of the
important attractions or tourist sites nearby.

Lesson 5. Connected Industries (Revfine, 2020)

 Connected Industries - Finally, there are a number of other industries that are more
broadly linked to either the tourism industry, the travel industry, or both.
 Financial Services - A number of financial services are relevant to both the tourism
industry and the travel industry. The most obvious of these include travel insurance and
medical insurance products
 Travel Agents - Travel agents sell travel products on behalf of suppliers and generally
receive a commission for doing so.
 Tour Operators - The role of a tour operator is to combine tour products and travel
products together, in order to sell package holidays.
- . Most commonly, a package holiday will consist of a combination of air travel,
accommodation, hotel transfers and the services of holiday reps, who are able to
provide organized activities.
 Online Travel Agencies - An online travel agency will typically perform a very similar
role to a more traditional travel agency, albeit using the power of the internet.
 Tourism Organizations - Tourism organizations tend to be organizations that act in the
interests of the tourism industry itself, lobbying on its behalf or promoting its interests.
 Educational - Lastly, the educational sub-category includes business that delivers the
kinds of education services that attract tourists and travelers.
 Travel and Tourism Marketing - The travel and tourism industry is one of the largest
and most competitive in the world and this means that tourism businesses can live or die
based on the quality of their marketing efforts.

MODULE 4: Travel Agency and Travel Management

Lesson 1. Travel Agency (BlueOrange Travel, 2019)

- The travel agencies make the life of their customer/clients easier and convenient.
They guide or simply they make all the arrangements and coordination on client’s
travel.

Travel Agencies:
 A business designed to help customers make various types of arrangements for
travel trips such as tickets and hotel reservations
  An agency that makes travel arrangements for tourists or other travelers, as for
transportation, hotels, and itineraries

Two (2) Types of Travel Agencies

 IATA Agents – these are the agencies accredited by the International Air
Transportation Association (IATA), the international regulating body for airlines,
passenger sales agents and cargo agents.

 Non-IATA Agents – as the name implies, they are not accredited with IATA hence
they are not authorized to issue tickets. They buy either from an IATA agent or
directly from the airline.

Lesson 2. Functions of Travel Agency (TMC Finder, 2020)

Functions of Travel Agencies

- Providing information of travel – the first and foremost function of a travel agent is
to provide necessary information about travel. He has to clarify the location of the
proposed travel.
 Preparation of itineraries – preparation of different types of itineraries is another
important function of a travel agency.
- A travel agent gives advice to intending travelers on the type of programs, which
they may choose for their holiday or business travel.
 Liaison with providers of services – make contracts with providers of various
services. These contracts include transportation companies, hotel proprietors, motor
cars proprietors, etc.; and for general servicing requirement.

 Planning & costing tours – to meet individual requirements planning and costing are
very essential.

 Ticketing – another function of a travel agency is selling of tickets to clients using

different modes of transport such as air, rail, and sea.

 Provision of foreign currencies – another specialized activity of a travel agency is the

provision of foreign currencies to intending travelers.

- It saves them a lot of time and energy in avoiding to visit regular banking
channels or money changers.

 Insurance – yet another important activity of travel agency is insurance, for both
personal accident risks and baggage.
Lesson 3: Travel Management Companies (TMC, 2020)

- A business travel organization or body that manages an organization’s business

travel requirements.
- Travel Management Companies (TMCs) are organizations that manage
organizations' corporate or business travel program.
- They will often provide an end-user online booking tool, mobile application,
program management, and consulting teams, executive travel services, meetings
and events support, reporting functionality, and more

Global Distribution System(www.Businessdictionary.com., 2013)

- A global distribution system (GDS) is a computerized network system owned or

operated by a company that enables transactions between travel industry service
providers, mainly airlines, hotels, car rental companies, and travel agencies.
- The GDS mainly uses real- time inventory (e.g. number of hotel rooms available,
number of flight seats available, or number of cars available) to service providers.
- Travel agencies traditionally relied on GDS for services, products and rates in
order to provide travel-related services to the end consumers

Lesson 4: Differences Between Travel Agencies and Travel Services

(BlueOrange Travel, 2019)

The Difference Between Travel Agencies and Travel Services

1. Personal Contact

- The biggest difference between using a travel agency and using travel services is
the personal contact. Travel agencies hire individuals to work with people to
schedule trips.
- . When hiring a travel agency, an individual will be able to work with one (1) travel
agent.
2. Trip Planning
- A second difference is in the planning of a trip. Travel agents are trained to assist
individuals in planning a trip from start to finish and to think of all possible issues
that may arise during the trip.
- These individuals typically attend a secondary institution to specialize in these
skills. In contrast, travel services are set up to specifically assist individuals in
scheduling flights or hotels after a trip location has been picked.

3. Fees
 - Another difference is in how travel agencies are paid versus fees paid for travel
services. Travel agents can be paid in a variety of ways, including set salaries,
commissions, and fees.
- Travel agents also receive free trips as bonuses in order to evaluate potential
places to recommend to customers.

4. Convenience
- A final difference between travel agencies and travel services is the convenience
factor.
- Travel services are convenient in that most are automated or web-based.
- They are always available and ready to book trips.