1 Notes On Safety: Page - 1 of 27 Title:Safety Chapter 1

1 NOTES ON SAFETY
Chapter: 1 Page - 1 of 27
Title:Safety Chapter 1.doc
1 NOTES ON SAFETY 1
1.1 General 4
1.2 Responsibility of the Operator 5

1.2.1 Introduction 5
1.2.2 General instructions 6
1.2.3 Safety procedures 6
1.2.4 Malfunctions Alarms and Emergency Shutdowns 6
1.2.5 Operational maintenance and checks 7
1.2.6 Troubleshooting 7
1.3 Safety Checks before Start up 8
1.4 Warnings 9
1.5 Caution Notes 11
1.6 Operating malfunctions 13

1.6.1 Compressor surge 13
1.6.2 Generator overheating and vibration 13
1.6.3 Explosive atmosphere 14
1.7 Safety procedure for fire alarm 16

1.7.1 Fire system description 17
1.7.2 Fire precautions 18
1.8 Safety warnings in case of gas alarm 21

1.8.1 Description of the gas monitor system 21
1.8.2 Gas precautions 22
1.9 First Aid 23

1.9.1 First Aid 23
1.9.2 Electrical shock 23
1.9.3 Inhalation of Toxic Gases, Natural Gas, CO2 23
1.9.4 Bleeding 24
1.9.5 Broken Bones 24
1.9.6 Chemical burns 25
1.9.6.1 Flame, heat, steam, or hot water burns 25
1.9.7 Sulphuric (or other) acid 25

1.9.7.1 On skin 25
1.9.7.2 In Eyes 25
1.9.8 Preservative agent 26

1.9.8.1 Special Precautions 26
1.9.8.2 Effects of Overexposure 26
1.9.8.3 First Aid Treatment 26
1.9.9 Head, Neck, or Spinal Injury 27
1.1 General
The plant is designed for safe and reliable operation. Operating personnel must familiarize
themselves with the following safety notes and must observe them all the time.
Maximum safety of operating personnel is the first priority, followed by protection of the plant
from damage.
Careful observance of the regulations for safe operation of the plant can reduce risk to personnel
to a minimum.
The turbo-generator set shall not be used for other purposes than those for which it was
supplied, in particular for each unit the type of operation shall be clearly defined: some types of
operation are as follows:
• stand-by duty
• peak duty
• continuous duty
• generator operated in isle, alone or together with other generators
• generator operated in parallel with the grid.
The operator shall be aware of the permitted type of operation of the turbo-generator set.
With exception of the operational maintenance, which shall be carried out by the plant operators,
overhaul works and any kind of modifications on the installation shall be carried out by or under
the supervision of Turbomach's personnel.
Control settings and protective devices settings adjusted by Turbomach in the control electronic
program, in the control cubicles and on the turbo-generator skid shall not be modified by the
Customer without written permission of Turbomach.
Non-compliance with these prescriptions can limit, and in worst case cancel the liability of
Turbomach and the validity of Turbomach's guarantees.
Also modification regarding other plants or plant sections connected to or working together with
the turbo-generator set like:
• downstream equipment such as bypass stack and heat recovery boilers
• generators working on the same bus-bar
• other consumers on the same distribution networks such as gas, water, air, etc.
can influence the proper operation of the turbo-generator and shall therefore be notified to
Turbomach before they will be carried out.
1.2 Responsibility of the Operator
1.2.1 Introduction
The operator is responsible for the safe operation of the gas turbine generator unit. For this
purpose, he should be thoroughly familiar with both its operating characteristics and limits and
he should be qualified to take necessary correct action as required by any abnormal condition of
operation.
Should any question of safety arise regarding any phase of operation, the gas turbine generator
should be shut down as quickly as possible.
If there is any question about the condition of internal components of the gas turbine regarding
its ability to be re-started safely, questionable areas should be inspected and checked
satisfactorily before attempting any additional operation.
The safety instructions are divided into three categories: warning, caution and note.
The safety instructions include procedures to be applied in the event of certain operating faults
and special safety measures for areas with the added risk of an explosive atmosphere.
The First Aid measures contained herein do not address all procedures, but only those essential
for life saving. Further first aid information, such as that contained in the Red Cross first aid
instructions, should be kept at hand.
Standardized first aid kits containing basic equipment should be made available.
In case of injury, a physician must be called immediately.
Warnings, cautions and notes point at critical and important information. They have the following
meaning:
WARNING
A warning indicates a measure, procedure, condition or safety measure that, if ignored, may lead to
injury or loss of life.
CAUTION
A caution indicates a measure that, if ignored, may lead to damage or destruction of the plant.
NOTE
A note indicates information, which is essential for understanding and observing a measure,
procedure, condition, or description.
1.2.2 General instructions
Operation of the turbine power generator set is inherently safe and reliable.
By action of the control system, it is protected from conceivable damaging malfunctions.
Observe the following to assure performance:
• Operate, service and maintain the generator set as prescribed in the manuals.
• Understand generator set operation, function, and the system thoroughly.
• Understand and observe the safety notices and precautions.
• Know and understand all controls, indications and operating limits.
• Record and compare readings to detect developing irregularities.
• Learn the significance of possible malfunctions before operating the generator set.
• Be prepared to take appropriate action in the event of any malfunction.
• Contact Tuma Turbomach S.A. or the representative for assistance in resolving persistent or
specific problems.
1.2.3 Safety procedures
The essential safety procedures, which must be followed in order to avoid both personnel
injuries and severe equipment malfunctions and damages, are described in this manual.
The plant operator must be familiar with the mentioned procedures so that in case of emergency
he can undertake the necessary countermeasures quickly and without hesitation.
1.2.4 Malfunctions Alarms and Emergency Shutdowns
The turbo-generator set is protected against any conceivable damaging malfunction of the
installed equipment and also from malfunctions arising from the connected networks.
Nevertheless the operator should become familiar with the operational limits and normal
operating parameters of the turbo-generator set, so that if any of the important parameters
varies significantly, he will be able to evaluate the situation and take all the necessary measures.
In case of doubt the after sale service of Turbomach should be contacted.
In case of emergency the turbo-generator set will be shutdown.
After a shutdown it is possible to restart the installation any moment, but it is operator
responsibility to investigate the causes of the shutdown and to make sure that the causes that
lead to shutdown are not present any more and the turbo-generator is in a sound state for further
operation.
A short shutdown report must be written, indicating possible causes of shutdown and the
countermeasures carried out.
1.2.5 Operational maintenance and checks
The operator is responsible for carrying out the routine operational checks as described in this
manual.
A daily proper operational maintenance is necessary in order to detect as soon as possible
malfunctions which, if not corrected, could cause impairment of the generator set.
It is the operator’s responsibility to take regularly readings of all the panel and field
instrumentation. It is advisable to store a complete recording of the most important operational
parameters in a logbook, in a quick retrievable way, so that it can be found easily in case of
necessity.
The operator is responsible for carrying-out all operational maintenance work, included all the
necessary checks before turbine start-up after standstill periods.
All operational maintenance work can be carefully performed without interrupting the availability
of the gas turbine-generator set; pre-start-checks can be accomplished during the planned
shutdown of the installation and/or during shutdown inspection.
1.2.6 Troubleshooting
Successful operation of the gas turbine depends, to a large extent, on the care and attention
given to it and to its accessories.
When an irregularity is recognized during operation the operator should pay a close attention to
it, identify the cause and take the necessary countermeasures as soon as possible.
The most important aspect for the evaluation of the soundness of the installation is to find out
deviations or irregularity from previous normal operation, this will help pinpoint impeding
troubles, changes in calibration or damaged components.
In this installation a protective control electronics and an warning system is incorporated. The
monitoring system supplies the operator on a video display all the necessary error-, warning-
alarm- and shutdown-messages.
The Alarm List together with the Event List should permit the operator to identify the causes of a
possible alarm or shutdown.
1.3 Safety Checks before Start up
Before performing any procedure a visual safety inspection of the plant must be performed. This
inspection must cover the following points as well as any other plant specific points. Before
performing any operation, all evident or possible dangers must be removed.
• Locate all emergency shut-off valves, switches, telephones, emergency shutdown
provisions, etc. Memorize in particular:
• the location of the hand operated, quick-acting, emergency shutoff valve that must be
provided in gas fuel lines for safety reasons.
• the location of the hand shutoff valve in the liquid fuel supply line and the corresponding
hand valve in the return line.
• Find out about any special emergency procedures that apply to your plant.
• Take note of the location of fire extinguishers and other emergency and safety devices and
find out how to operate them.
• Pay attention to any safety risks, such as gas leaks, oil leaks, or condensate in drip pans
and drain lines, etc.
• Take care that the plant and its surroundings are clean and free of obstacles.
• Check inlet and vent lines for free passage.
• Find out if personnel are working on other equipment in the area and if such work involves
dangers, which do not allow work to proceed on Turbomach SA equipment.
1.4 Warnings
The following warnings as well as others that are not mentioned here but nevertheless may be
applicable must be strictly observed.
Failure to observe these warnings may lead to injury or loss of life. The order of description does
not reflect the importance of the warnings. Each single point is important for the safety of the
personnel.
• The operator should arrange to always get at hand:
a portable gas detector
a portable fire extinguisher
Those devices are not included in the turbine delivery because, to always assure proper
readiness, the gas detector needs regular re-calibration and the fire extinguisher regular check
for agent leakage.
• Ensure that there are other people nearby. Never work alone.
• Never bypass automatic shutdown devices because they are provided to protect personnel
from injury and to protect against plant damage.
• When working on non-operating parts of the plant, always lock off starting device by
switching off the corresponding power circuit breaker. Attach to the switch a temporary sign
“DO NOT SWITCH ON” to prevent accidental closing.
• Check correct operation of your gas detection monitor (Sniffer).
• Use the gas detection monitor (Sniffer) as required to ensure that the environment is free of
gas.
• Ensure that activating switches and valves involves no risk to personnel and/or plant.
• Do not allow any bare wires on or near the package.
• Do not step on electrical conduits and junction boxes nor put any items on them.
• Install grounding rods in a suitable location such that personnel can not stumble over them
and hurt themselves.
• Do not allow smoking, open flames or spark producing devices in the vicinity of the plant at
any time.
• Wear ear protection against high noise levels during turbine operation.
• Keep battery installation in clean condition.
• Ensure that hard hats, safety goggles, ear protection, protective clothing, etc. are worn
whenever required.
• Avoid body contact with hot parts of the plant.
• Eliminate any liquid fuel or oil leaks as soon as they are detected.
• Eliminate any fuel gas leaks as soon as it is detected.
• Check that the system is not under pressure before disconnecting any lines from the system.
• Be careful when working on high voltage. Stand on rubber mat; wear insulating gloves and
safety glasses.
• Keep a safe distance from all pressure lines and fittings.
• Wear suitable protective equipment (safety mask, safety glasses, safety gloves, etc.) when
using detergents or solvents and obey fire protection regulations. Avoid any skin contact with
detergents or solvents and inhalation of vapours.
• Observe the applicable fire protection regulations for all welding and cutting work.
• Be careful with trouble shooting or maintenance work on electrical equipment. Dangerous
high voltages may be present.
• Never short-circuit safety interlocks.
• Never apply external voltages to plant control devices.
• Feedback from control transformers to output terminals could have fatal results.
• Discharge all high voltage circuits with the aid of a thick insulated cable. Short each phase to
ground before working on or around equipment. Residual voltages, which could remain for
several hours after shutdown, can cause lethal electric shock.
• During operation never interrupt circuits of current transformers, ammeters, or current coils
of power measuring devices.
• Open circuits of current transformers must be short-circuited on the secondary side before
power is applied.
• Verify correct generator synchronization or phase position, after any kind of work concerning
the synchronization system. Non-observance of this direction may cause damage to the
coupling between generator and gearbox, and to danger to personnel and plant.
• Never open terminal boxes or electrical devices enclosures before having switched off the
electrical supply. Be aware that, even if the supply is off, some electrical circuits may get an
external supply from outside the turbine systems. Keep floor plate, covers and panels in
place. Keep explosion proof enclosures sealed.
• Keep the turbo-generator set and vicinity clean and unobstructed.
• In any installation controlled from remotely located panel or a central station, always lock out
the starting circuit so that the engine will not start unexpectedly while maintenance or
inspection work on the engine is in progress.
• Be aware of lethal potentials associated with the generator, switch gear and other electrical
equipment.
• It is absolutely forbidden to smoke or to bring any kind of flames in the vicinity of the turbo-
generator set.
• Smoking is allowed only in the foreseen and corresponding marked areas.
• In case of fire or gas escape (explosion danger) both the installation and the personnel in
the proximity of it are in danger.
• If fire or gas escape situation occurs the operator must follow the safety procedures
described in the next two sections.
1.5 Caution Notes
The following caution notes as well as others, which are not mentioned here but nevertheless
may be applicable, must be strictly observed.
Failure to observe these cautions may lead to equipment damages. The order of description
does not reflect the importance of the caution notes. Each single point is important for the safety
of the plant.
• Protect the air intake from entry of contaminants such as moisture, dust, sand, and oil mist.
• In case of adverse environmental conditions, ensure that the air inlet filter system is free
from deposits that might significantly reduce air inlet pressure. The air inlet system is
protected by sand and dust filters.
• Before putting the plant in operation, ensure that air inlet, exhaust, and vent lines are free.
These openings must remain unobstructed during operation.
• Before starting the plant, the fuel system has to be fully vented.
• Air in fuel system can lead to functional disturbance and/or shutdown of the plant.
• Control screen displays shall be observed particularly when starting the plant. Speed and
temperature are useful indicators for performance and possible functional disturbances.
• During starting, watch for signs of compressor surge (rapid rise of turbine temperature
without corresponding increase in speed).
• If such a surge occurs, switch off turbine immediately.
• In case of a shutdown due to a functional disturbance, do not attempt to restart until the
cause of the failure has been identified and rectified.
• The start cycle limits of the start motor must not be exceeded.
• During maintenance close all open lines and fittings such that no contaminants enter the
system. Use caps. Do not use tape.
• Keep the plant and vicinity clean and free of obstacles. Keep areas where maintenance work
is carried out clean in order to ensure cleanliness of the plant. Cleanliness is of great
importance due to high rotational speeds and very close tolerances of machine parts.
• Avoid overfilling the oil tank. Ensure that the oil tank vent valve is free and that the vent line
exit is directed away from the turbine air inlet and exhaust ducts.
• Avoid unnecessary bending of cables. Frequent bending of cable connections results in
early failures through fatigue of material.
• Take care that covers, doors and panels are in place and that all fastenings are mounted
and securely screwed down when access is not required.
• Pull on plug and not on cable when disconnecting electrical plug in cable connections.
• When connecting a generator package high voltage cable, ensure that the connectors are
properly seated in safety bushings to avoid arcing and subsequent damage when power is
applied.
• Ensure that exhaust gas duct drains are not connected to common drain manifolds, which
can drain or vent flammable gases and/or fluids.
• Check and immediately eliminate water drips into the container, in particular around the
generator. Continuous water drip into the generator may damage the electrical insulation.
• Check and immediately eliminate water presence or water drips around the control panels.
Keep free drain holes or drain piping of the control panels and of the air conditioner, if any.
• Do not attempt to operate the engine by bypassing automatic shutdown devices. A condition
that produces automatic shutdown deserves immediate attention because this protection is
incorporated to prevent damage to the generator set and turbine engine.
• Keep a careful watch on panel instruments and indicator lights, especially during starting.
Engine speed, pressure and temperature are useful indications of performance.
• Protect the engine air inlet from entry of contaminants, including moisture, dust, sand,
vented gas, oil mist, etc.
• Under severe environmental condition, protect the engine intake air filtration system from
restrictions that would reduce engine inlet air pressure.
• Rotating the engine without lubrication can be harmful to the engine bearing and gearbox.
• It is forbidden to use the opening pistons of the double doors as a support for reaching
inside the box whilst maintenance work is being carried out.
1.6 Operating malfunctions
Certain operating conditions constitute abnormal turbine engine operation. Identification of the
following malfunction symptoms will help in determining package maintenance or repair
required.
1.6.1 Compressor surge

CAUTION
If surge occurs, do not wait the control system to actuate; press STOP switch immediately.
All turbines are subject to engine compressor surge under certain conditions. Momentary
malfunction in fuel or air systems can cause the engine to surge and this can be noticed by the
following sounds and conditions:
• Surge in the lower speed range may be detected by failure of the engine to accelerate,
coupled with increasing exhaust temperatures, and a sound of buffeting or fluttering air.
• Surge in the higher speed range may be noticed by a loud roar and/or popping noises plus
failure of the engine to accelerate to rated speed.
CAUTION
If surge occurs, shut down the engine immediately to prevent the rapid build-up of damaging
temperatures. After the engine has coasted to a stop, attempt to restart in the usual manner. If
surge occurs a second time, contact Turbomach field service.
The improper operation of the bleed valve and/or of the inlet guide vanes IGV could be the
possible causes of surge. Therefore, in case of surge, the proper operation of the above-
mentioned devices must be checked.
1.6.2 Generator overheating and vibration
Certain operating conditions may cause the generator to overload. Normal temperature rise of
the generator windings is given on the generator data sheets. Check, on regular basis, the
windings temperatures on the screen.
NOTE
Overheating may be caused by conditions such as excessive ambient temperatures, poor air
circulation due to improper or restricted ventilation, overload, excessive field current, contaminated
or low lube oil supply, and worn bearings. If excessive temperature persists, shut down the unit and
investigate the cause.
An increase in generator vibration during operation needs immediate investigation. Shut down
the unit and check for misalignment, bent shafts, rubbing between stator and rotating elements,
etc.
1.6.3 Explosive atmosphere
The ventilation of the container ensures the heat purge and eliminates risks of damages caused
by over temperature.
Potential gas leakages are swept out of the container by the forced ventilation.
WARNING
Shut down the engine with damaged ventilation system. In case of even a minimum simultaneous
gas leakage there is highest danger of explosion!
Dangerously explosive accumulations of natural gas, fuel aerosol, vapour from the oil tank vent,
or solvent vapours must be avoided at all times; these can be prevented by good ventilation, the
elimination of leakage and limited use of solvents for maintenance work.
It is risky to rely only on sense of smell to detect presence of natural gas because natural gas is
odourless unless an odourizer has been added. Pipeline gas usually has no odour since the
odourizer is only added at the distribution station.
The use of a gas detector is a more reliable method to determine the existence and location of
gas leakage. However, before using the gas detector, it must be checked to ensure it is
operating correctly (refer to manufacturer's operating instructions).
WARNING
If any doubts exist regarding gas leakage, a gas detector must be used to ensure that there is no
leakage.
The use of a gas detector is the most important method to determine presence of an explosive
atmosphere. The location of the leakage can be found with the aid of a soap solution or any
equivalent commercial product
WARNING
Any potentially dangerous condition must be eliminated before testing is continued. This
instruction must be observed at all times.
The following precautions shall be observed during installation and maintenance of all power
station equipment:
• Check the mechanical stability of all pipelines. Ensure that the piping is properly supported
and all connections are made according to regulations. Makeshift fixing and provisional
connections are to be avoided at all times.
• Before opening gas supply to lines or systems, make sure that all connections are securely
fastened and all unused ports are plugged. Ensure that all flanged connections have
required gaskets and that bolts are correctly tightened. Check that the system is blown-down
before it is pressurized.
• Before commissioning the plant ensure that the vent systems for natural gas are complete.
Check that vents lead to a safe area far enough from the plant or building to ensure that no
gas can re-enter the work area. Check vent systems to ensure that all unused ports are
plugged to prevent possibility of gas escaping into package enclosure or building. Check
vent lines for bird nests, insects, or any other obstructions that could impede proper venting.
If gas detection equipment is installed in package or building, check this equipment is operating
correctly before opening the gas supply to the system.
If a system is being filled with gas for the first time, pay attention to possible gas leaks by
listening or by using a gas detector.
After opening the plant gas supply, always use a gas detector to ensure that the area is free of
gas before opening any explosion-proof enclosure for troubleshooting.
Take all precautions (examination with gas detector) to ensure that no explosive atmosphere is
present before AC or DC cables are connected or disconnected.
1.7 Safety procedure for fire alarm
An automatic, electronically controlled fire detection system for the turbo-generator enclosure
protection is provided. The system is monitored and operated from the fire monitor unit, and is
equipped with CO2 extinguishing system.
The installation is designed, executed and certified in accordance with local regulations.
The fire monitoring and extinguishing system detects flames inside the package and, after a pre-
set time delay, releases extinguishing agent (CO2 ) which will fill the enclosure.
WARNING
Carbon dioxide CO2 is a colourless, odourless gas (unless, for safety reason, lemon odour is
added). The discharge of carbon dioxide creates serious hazard to personnel, such as serious
suffocation and reduced visibility during and after the discharging period.
CAUTION
The CO2 cylinder set is designed for one fire fighting action only.
It must be refilled again to restore the fire fighting functionality.
The fire monitoring system provides the following main alarms:
System fault Indicates a fault of the monitoring system or parts of it.

The control system signals it as system error (ER).
This alarm doesn’t cause any automatic action.
Fire pre-alarm Indicates that one automatic fire sensor detects a fire.
The control system signals it as system warning (WR).
Fire alarm Indicates that two sensors detect a fire, or
the manual fire release buttons are actuated.
The control system signals it as alarm (SD).
1.7.1 Fire system description
An automatic, electronically controlled fire detection system for the turbogenerator enclosure
protection is provided. The system is monitored and operated from the fire monitor unit, and is
equipped with CO2 extinguishing system.
The installation is designed, executed and certified in accordance with local regulations.
The fire monitoring and extinguishing system detects flames inside the package and, after a pre-
set time delay, releases extinguishing agent (CO2) that will fill the enclosure.
The fire fighting system is designed to detect and extinguish a fire propagating in the enclosure.
Fires, such as fuel fires or lube oil fires, are quickly extinguished by flooding the area with an
inert gas. The inert atmosphere is created by discharging a high concentration of CO2 into the
container.
To accomplish this, the enclosure ventilation system is shut-down, the extinguishing agent is
discharged into the enclosure and the ventilation shutters are closed..
The fire detection system is equipped with a DC emergency power supply and remains active
even in the event of 220 VAC supply failure.
Once armed, normal system activation is controlled by the fire detection system; the
extinguishing agent can also be released any time by pressing the push button in case of an
emergency The fire extinguishing buttons are mounted outside the container.To operate, break
the glass and press the button. In order to reset the button, replace the glass cover.
The possible flame inside the enclosure is monitored by the infrared flame detectors.
The infrared flame detector, with highly sensitive element reacts rapidly to all flaming fire in
which carbonaceous materials are burnt, such as wood, plastic, alcohol, natural gas, petroleum
products etc. A pyro-electric sensor evaluates a specific wavelength of the hot carbon dioxide
emitted by the flame. The detector achieves high immunity to deceptive phenomena by means
of a second pyro-electric sensor which operates on another wavelength. Signal from both
sensors are correlated which enables clear differentiation between flame radiation and deceptive
phenomena. Thus the detector is widely insensitive to artificial light, sunlight, and all kinds of
heat, ultraviolet, x-ray, and gamma radiation.
As soon as a detector responds the control unit actuates a preventive warning signal.
Acoustic and lighting warning panel is provided outside the enclosure above the maintenance
door for operator's alerting. When both detectors respond simultaneously, or if a manual button
is pressed, the control unit gives the extinguishing command. After a delay, a valve is actuated
to release the extinguishing agent.
The main discharge valve is installed on the first CO2 battery cylinder, producing when energised
the cascade opening of all the cylinder discharge valves of the set.
For personnel safety reason, an odorant stored in a bottle, connected to the piping and actuated
by the discharge pressure, may be mixed with the odourless CO2 ,while discharging into the
enclosure. The discharged CO2 is flushed to the protected area through spray nozzles. The
spray nozzles are designed to distribute the gas smoothly and evenly on the enclosure. The
nozzles are sized for discharging the whole extinguishing agent in about 60 seconds. In the
event of loss of extinguishing agent, the weight switch of the leaking cylinder in question
transmits an alarm signal to the fire detection system.
1.7.2 Fire precautions
The measures to be taken by the operator in case of fire danger are

explained in the chapter “Description of the operating sequences”.
Here is an overview of the main precautions to protect personnel and equipment:
ATTENTION
Under normal operating conditions, if no personnel is working inside the container, the door must
be kept closed in order to permit the operation action of the extinguishing system.
CAUTION
The container door is equipped with a position switch; once opened automatic extinguishing is
locked in order to protect the personnel in the enclosure. For this reason, during normal condition
main door must remain closed.
WARNING
In case of failure indication, part of or the whole system is out of service.
It’s the operator’s responsibility to re-establish as soon as possible nominal operating conditions
and to take all the necessary precautions to assure a safe unit operation.
CAUTION
The fire system is primarily a safety device to protect personnel and equipment.
It must be ALWAYS READY.
The system will provide safe and continuous monitoring of hazardous areas only with proper
installation, calibration and maintenance.
WARNING
IMMEDIATE operator intervention is mandatory in case of a fire detection warning, in order to verify
the actual situation of the installation and take all necessary precautions to assure safety to avoid
damage escalation.
WARNING
With the activation of the fire warning, the operator must proceed immediately to the turbine area
and verify the situation in the enclosure. The operator must be equipped with appropriate portable
extinguishing device.
WARNING
With the activation of the fire alarm, the operator must proceed to the turbine area and verify
immediately the situation in the enclosure. The operator must be equipped with appropriate
portable extinguishing device.
WARNING
Extreme cautions must be taken when proceeding with enclosure inspection.
WARNING
In case of doubt, close the inspection doors and push without hesitation the manual extinguishing
switch in the enclosure area. Proceed as for important fires.
CAUTION
The extinguishing command may not be executed if a system failure was present before the fire
alarm was issued.
A fire detection alarm condition indicates a potential danger for fire development in all turbine area.
It is in the operator’s responsibility to ensure safety to all personnel and equipment to avoid
escalation of damages.
CAUTION
Do not push any of the reset push button before the fire has been completely extinguished. Non-
observance of this rule could cause interruption of the extinguishing sequence with inherent
damages.
WARNING
In case of fire within the enclosure, fuels, lubrication and compressed air are an additional source
that could increase the damage potential. Therefore it is mandatory to cut the medium supply from
the external as soon as possible.
The operator must immediately evaluate the situation and interrupt outer danger sources.
CAUTION
Lubrication cut-off is an action fully under operator’s responsibility.
Even if the turbine shaft is in standstill such action can lead to considerable damages, It is
therefore mandatory to contact Turbomach SA before any further actions are taken.
WARNING
When the extinguishing gas (CO2) has been discharged, the air concentration in the enclosure is
extremely reduced; it’s highly dangerous to enter the enclosure without appropriate precautions,
life danger persists.
Do not enter the enclosure before ventilating sufficiently and after having checked oxygen
concentration in the enclosure.
WARNING
Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a colourless, odourless (for safety reason, lemon odour is added),
electrically non-conductive inert gas and is 1,5 times heavier than air.
The discharge of carbon dioxide in fire extinguishing concentration creates serious hazard to
persons, such as serious suffocation, which can be deadly, or reduce visibility
Do not enter the enclosure before thorough ventilation and after having checked that the
atmosphere in the enclosure contains enough oxygen.
WARNING
Because of its physical composition CO2 is heavier then air, therefore CO2 has the tendency to stay
on the ground.
WARNING
Avoid repair of functional parts when powered or under pressure, non-observance could cause
personal injuries.
WARNING
During welding works inside the turbo-generator enclosure the fire detection and extinguishing
system must be disabled in order to prevent untimely fire extinguishing agent release.
Since the fire extinguishing system is disabled, during welding works a hand held fire extinguisher
of sufficient capacity must be carried in close proximity of the working place.
1.8 Safety warnings in case of gas alarm
1.8.1 Description of the gas monitor system
The unit is equipped with a gas leakage monitoring system that covers the enclosure internal
area. The gas detection system is designed to continuously monitor the explosive level of the
atmosphere within the enclosure
The system consists of a gas sensors assembly installed in the container. The detection sensors
are connected to the safety back-up PLC (Process Logic Controller), which provides the
monitoring. The safety system triggers the system fault, warning and alarm signals.
The processed value is in percent of the LEL (lower explosion limit) : typically 20% of LEL for
warning and 40% of LEL for alarm
The 100% LEL indication means the gas has reached a concentration where the gas/air mix-ture
becomes sufficient to produce an explosion (= 5% vol. CH4 in air). If the gas concentration in the
container increases the pre-selected levels, which are set as a percentage of the lower
explosion limit (LEL), visual warnings, alarms, and safety sequence, including turbine shutdown,
are initiated to protect personnel and equipment.
In case the concentration of gas exceeds 40 % LEL the engine will be shut down.
WARNING
In case of gas leakage detection alarm an explosion risk persists.
Before resetting the system be sure that the gas is evacuated.
To avoid personnel injuries, the system can only be restored once this condition is achieved.
The gas leakage monitoring system gives the following alarms, which are displayed by the
control system:
Gas detection failure Indicates system or part of it out of service.

A system fault message is issued (SD).
The unit shut down, a dedicated safety sequence is activated.
Gas detection warning Indicates a gas concentration in the package above 20% LEL
and below 40 % LEL.
The control system signals this as a warning (WR).
Gas alarm Indicates a gas concentration in the package above 40 % LEL.

The control system signals this as alarm (SD).
The unit shut down, a dedicated safety sequence is activated.
1.8.2 Gas precautions
The measures to be taken by the operator in case of gas danger are

explained in the chapter “Description of the operating sequences”.
Here is an overview of the main precautions to protect personnel and equipment:
WARNING
In case of failure indication, part of or the whole system is out of service.
It’s operator’s responsibility to re-establish the correct system operation and take all necessary
precautions to grant a safe operation of the plant.
CAUTION
The gas detection system is primarily a safety device for the protection of personnel and
equipment.
It must always be ready.
The system will provide safe and continuous monitoring of hazardous areas only with proper
installation, calibration and maintenance.
WARNING
If a gas leakage warning appears on the screen check the gas concentration in the container using
a hand-held gas detector: if the gas detector confirms the presence of gas or the leakage location is
detected shutdown immediately the gas turbine and close the main shutoff hand valve on the gas
line to the turbine.
WARNING
In case of gas leakage an explosion risk persists, therefore all personnel in the area must be
evacuated and the enclosure must be closed to allow proper ventilation.
In a second time, but as soon as possible, authorized and skilled personnel must intervene to find
the source of the leak and take the necessary actions.
1.9 First Aid
1.9.1 First Aid
The following instructions are to be used in the event of an emergency. Do not consider the first
aid procedures given here as complete. They include only those procedures essential for the
preservation of life. Obtain additional first aid information from any standard first aid manual.
Standard first aid kits containing basic equipment and supplies should be available at all times in
all work areas.
Always call for professional medical assistance immediately after an injury. This ensures that
professional medical assistance will be on the way while you are giving first aid.
The following instructions for rendering first aid in the event of injury represent a brief outline of
basic procedures for first aid assistance in emergencies. In all cases, medical assistance must
be obtained as soon as possible.
WARNING
Render first aid with care to avoid further injury, and only to the extent required until arrival of
medical assistance.
1.9.2 Electrical shock
• Call for help and professional medical assistance.

• Turn off electrical source. Do not touch victim with bare hands until circuit is de-energized. If
electricity cannot be turned off, separate victim from source using insulated material such as
dry leather, wood, or rubber for protection when removing victim from hazard.
• Keep away from any moisture.
• Check breathing and pulse. If no life signs are detected, remove from victim's mouth any
obstructions such as false teeth gum, or any foreign matter and immediately begin
cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
• Treat for shock. Place victim in a reclining position with feet raised slightly. Loosen any
constrictive clothing and remove glasses. Keep victim calm and warm until medical attention
arrives.
1.9.3 Inhalation of Toxic Gases, Natural Gas, CO2

• Turn off gas and/or remove victim from hazardous atmosphere.
• If breathing has stopped, give artificial respiration.
• Treat for shock. Place victim in a reclining position with head and chest raised slightly.
Loosen any constrictive clothing and remove glasses. Keep victim
• Calm and warm until arrival of professional medical assistance.
1.9.4 Bleeding

• Control bleeding by applying pressure directly to the wound. If possible, place wet cloth or
paper towel between your palm and the wound. Never remove dressing. Apply new as
needed. If no other dressing is available, use bare hands. Elevate the wound above the
heart (if possible) to slow bleeding.
• If direct pressure does not stop bleeding, apply pressure to pressure points by squeezing
major artery above the wound using fingers or heel of hand to squeeze against bony
structure to cut off blood supply. Maintain pressure.
• If bleeding continues, use a tourniquet as a last resort only. Wrap a strip of cloth, rubber
band, belt, or piece of cord around injured limb. Insert pencil, pen or stick into wrapping and
gently twist. Bleeding should slow. Apply dressing.
• Be careful not to cut off blood supply entirely. Watch for bluish tinge around wound, or skin
becoming cold to the touch. If this occurs, slowly release the tourniquet, monitoring blood
flow. Bleeding may resume. If so, reapply direct pressure. Keep releasing tourniquet
gradually until bluish tinge or coolness recedes. It is important not to cut off blood flow
completely. This could necessitate amputation of the limb.
• Treat for shock. Place victim in a reclining position with wound elevated above the heart (if
possible). Loosen any constrictive clothing and remove glasses. Keep victim calm and warm
until arrival of professional medical assistance.
1.9.5 Broken Bones

• Immobilize break. If possible, apply splint before moving victim.
• If bone is protruding through skin and causing bleeding, pack dressing gently around wound.
Do not apply direct pressure to a wound with the bone protruding.
• Apply pressure above wound if possible.
• Treat for shock. Place victim in a reclining position with feet raised slightly, if possible.
• Loosen any constrictive clothing and remove glasses. Keep victim calm and
• Warm until arrival of professional medical assistance.
1.9.6 Chemical burns

• Flush burned area immediately and continuously with large amounts of clean, cold water.
Continue flushing for at least 15 minutes.
• If victim is still in pain after 15 minutes of flushing, continue flushing until a medical
professional arrives. Flushing is important. Do not stop until told to do so be a medical
professional.
• Treat for shock. Loosen any constrictive clothing and remove glasses. Keep victim calm and
warm until arrival of professional medical assistance.
1.9.6.1 Flame, heat, steam, or hot water burns

• Flush burned area immediately and continuously with large amounts of clean, cold water. If
ice or ice water is available, apply to burn.
• If eyes or face is involved, take extra care to flush continuously until arrival of professional
medical assistance. Do not stop until told to do so by a medical professional even if flushing
continues for 30 minutes or more. Flushing is important
• If burn is not severe or painful after flushing, cover lightly with gauze or other sterile
dressing. Do not apply creams or balms of any type.
• Treat for shock. Loosen any constrictive clothing and remove glasses. Keep victim calm and
warm until arrival of professional medical assistance.
1.9.7 Sulphuric (or other) acid
1.9.7.1 On skin
• Call for help.

• Continue flushing until professional medical assistance arrives.
1.9.7.2 In Eyes
• Call for help.

• Do not attempt to neutralize.
• Continue flushing until professional medical assistance arrives.
1.9.8 Preservative agent
1.9.8.1 Special Precautions
• Do not inhale powder dust

• Avoid repeated or prolonged skin contact
• Avoid powder contact with foods
1.9.8.2 Effects of Overexposure
• Headache, vertigo
• Lowering of blood pressure
• Irritation of skin and eyes
1.9.8.3 First Aid Treatment
• If ingested remove from stomach, give activated charcoal or milk.

• If on skin, wash thoroughly to remove
• If in eyes, flush with copious amounts of water
• Obtain medical assistance
1.9.9 Head, Neck, or Spinal Injury

• Avoid moving victim if at all possible, unless life is endangered.
• Loosen any constrictive clothing and remove glasses. Keep victim calm and
• Warm until arrival of professional medical assistance.
• If remaining where injury occurred would endanger victim’s life, remove victim from the area
following these instructions:
• Immobilize victim’s head, arms, and legs.
• Find backboard or use strong, flat piece of wood, metal, or fibreglass.
• Place hand underneath victim’s back, lift slowly and tilt victim toward
• Your body. Slide backboard underneath victim. Gently ease victim down onto backboard.
Secure victim with straps, rope, cloth, or belt.
• After victim is secured to backboard, move to safety.
• Avoid moving victim if at all possible, unless life is endangered. Cover victim with blanket
and keep calm until medical assistance arrives.

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1 NOTES ON SAFETY

1.2 Responsibility of the Operator 5

1.2.2 General instructions 6

1.2.3 Safety procedures 6

1.2.4 Malfunctions Alarms and Emergency Shutdowns 6

1.2.5 Operational maintenance and checks 7

1.3 Safety Checks before Start up 8

1.5 Caution Notes 11

1.6 Operating malfunctions 13

1.6.2 Generator overheating and vibration 13

1.6.3 Explosive atmosphere 14

1.7 Safety procedure for fire alarm 16

1.7.2 Fire precautions 18

1.8 Safety warnings in case of gas alarm 21

1.8.2 Gas precautions 22

1.9 First Aid 23

1.9.2 Electrical shock 23

1.9.3 Inhalation of Toxic Gases, Natural Gas, CO2 23

1.9.5 Broken Bones 24

1.9.7 Sulphuric (or other) acid 25

1.9.8 Preservative agent 26

1.9.9 Head, Neck, or Spinal Injury 27

1.2.3 Safety procedures

1.2.4 Malfunctions Alarms and Emergency Shutdowns

1.6.1 Compressor surge

1.6.2 Generator overheating and vibration

The fire monitoring system provides the following main alarms:

System fault Indicates a fault of the monitoring system or parts of it.

The measures to be taken by the operator in case of fire danger are

1.8.1 Description of the gas monitor system

Gas detection failure Indicates system or part of it out of service.

Gas alarm Indicates a gas concentration in the package above 40 % LEL.

The measures to be taken by the operator in case of gas danger are

1.9.1 First Aid

1.9.2 Electrical shock

• Call for help and professional medical assistance.

1.9.3 Inhalation of Toxic Gases, Natural Gas, CO2

• Call for help and professional medical assistance.

• Call for help and professional medical assistance.

1.9.5 Broken Bones

• Call for help and professional medical assistance.

• Call for help and professional medical assistance.

1.9.6.1 Flame, heat, steam, or hot water burns

• Call for help and professional medical assistance.

1.9.7 Sulphuric (or other) acid

• Call for help.

• Call for help.

1.9.8.1 Special Precautions

• Do not inhale powder dust

1.9.8.2 Effects of Overexposure

1.9.8.3 First Aid Treatment

• If ingested remove from stomach, give activated charcoal or milk.

• Call for help and professional medical assistance.

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