Chapter 4 Rev 1-1

4 DESCRIPTION OF OPERATING SEQUENCES
Chapter: 4 Page - 1 of 72
Title: Description of operating sequences Chapter 4.doc
4 DESCRIPTION OF OPERATING SEQUENCES 1
4.1 Introduction 5
4.2 Starting the gas turbine 6

4.2.1 Checks prior to start 6
4.2.1.1 Turbogenerator set 6
4.2.1.2 Air filter system 7
4.2.1.3 Oil cooler 7
4.2.1.4 Electrical supply 7
4.2.1.5 Exhaust gas system 8
4.2.1.6 Time intervals between repeated start-ups 9
4.2.2 Switching on the control system 10

4.2.2.1 Presettings 10
4.2.2.2 Switching on the system 11
4.2.2.3 Check and Reset of the pending alarms 12
4.2.2.4 Mode selection: local , remote 12
4.2.2.5 Ready for start 12
4.2.3 Local start-up procedure, gas fuel 13

4.2.3.1 Fuel selection 13
4.2.3.2 Starting the turbine 13
4.2.3.3 Start-up sequence gas fuel mode 14
4.2.4 Local start-up procedure, liquid fuel 18

4.2.4.1 Fuel selection 18
4.2.4.2 Starting the turbine 18
4.2.4.3 Start-up sequence liquid fuel mode 19
4.2.4.4 Pre-lubrication 19
4.2.4.5 Cranking 20
4.2.4.6 Low pressure liquid fuel pump check 20
4.2.4.7 Exhaust gas duct purge 20
4.2.4.8 Ignition 22
4.2.4.9 Acceleration to 66% nominal speed 22
4.2.4.10 Acceleration to nominal speed and warm-up 23
4.2.4.11 Ready to load 23
4.3 Synchronization 24
4.3.1 Synchronization with the busbar 26
4.3.1.1 Automatic synchronization 26
4.3.1.2 Manual synchronization 26
4.3.1.3 Busbar synchronization sequence 27
4.3.2 Synchronization test 29
4.3.3 Direct insertion of the generator circuit breaker 30
4.4 Operating modes and load charging 31

4.4.1 Power mode operation 32
4.4.2 Frequency mode operation 33
4.4.2.1 Load charging – Isle mode operation 33
4.5 Gas turbine operation 35

4.5.1 Functional test during operation 35
4.5.2 Generator settings and adjustment during operation 35

4.5.2.1 Adjustment of active power 35
4.5.2.2 Adjustment of turbine speed (generator frequency) 36
4.5.2.3 Adjustment of the generator power factor (Cosϕ) 36
4.5.2.4 Adjustment of the generator voltage 36
4.6 Turbine stopping 37

4.6.1 Local shut-down in isle operation 37
4.6.1.1 Local shut-down in isle operation: 37
4.6.2 Emergency shut-down (manual push button) 39

4.6.2.1 Emergency stop sequence: 39
4.7 Safety procedure for fire alarm 41

4.7.1 Fire system’s equipment 41
4.7.2 Fire system operation 42

4.7.2.1 Container door 43
4.7.2.2 Operational logic of the automatic detection 43
4.7.2.3 Fire monitoring and extinguishing system failure 44
4.7.2.4 Fire warning 45
4.7.2.5 Fire alarm 46
4.7.3 Operator container inspection and action 48

4.7.3.1 No fire within the container 48
4.7.3.2 A small fire is detected in the container 49
4.7.3.3 An important fire is detected in the container 50
4.7.4 Precaution during maintenance works 51
4.7.5 Re-establishment of the unit after the discharge of extinguishing agents 51
4.8 Safety procedure for gas alarm 52

4.8.1 Description of the gas monitor system 52
4.8.2 Gas monitor system failure 53
4.8.3 Gas leakage warning 54
4.8.4 Gas leakage alarm 55
4.9 Turning and postlubrication 56

4.9.1 Turning and postlubrication sequence 56
4.9.1.1 Post-lubrication 56
4.9.1.2 End of the postlubrication sequence 57
4.10 Turbogenerator alarms 58

4.10.1 General Description 58
4.10.2 E-xxx Error 59
4.10.3 W-xxx Warning 59
4.10.4 A-xxx Alarm with Normal Turbine Stop 59
4.10.5 S-xxx Alarm with Quick Shutdown 59
4.11 Taking the Plant out of Operation (weeks) 60
4.12 Plant Shutdown (months) 61
4.13 Crank 62
4.13.1 Start of the cranking process: 62
4.13.1.1 Pre-ventilation 62
4.13.1.2 Emergency lubrication pump test 62
4.13.1.4 Cranking 63
4.13.1.5 Washing release 63
4.13.1.6 End of cranking 64
4.14 Compressor washing 65

4.14.1 Off-line compressor washing 65
4.14.1.1 Pre-ventilation 65
4.14.1.2 Emergency lubrication pump test 66
4.14.1.4 Cranking 66
4.14.1.5 Washing release 66
4.14.1.6 To start the washing process: 67
4.14.1.7 End of cranking 68
4.14.2 On-line compressor washing 69

4.14.2.1 To start the washing process: 69
4.14.2.2 To terminate the washing process: 69
4.15 Remote Control 70

4.15.1 Remote Controlled Start-up Procedure 71
4.15.2 Remote Controlled Synchronization Procedure 71
4.15.3 Remote Controlled Stopping Procedure 71
4.16 Operational Malfunctions 72

4.16.1 Compressor Surging 72
4.16.2 Generator Overheating and Vibration 72
4.1 Introduction
This chapter describes the various measures and steps, which are required for the
operation of the gas turbine generator plant. The operator must strictly observe the
instructions and information contained in this chapter in order to achieve the optimum
operational reliability of the plant.
The instructions include the checks to be carried out, the operating sequences and
specify the most important messages displayed.
Special situations are indicated in the individual operating steps by the terms NOTE,
CAUTION and
WARNING.
It is imperative that these instructions are observed.
WARNING
Indicates a measure, procedure, condition or safety measure that, if ignored, may lead to injury or
loss of life.
CAUTION
Indicates a measure that, if ignored, may lead to damage or destruction of the plant.
NOTE
Indicates information, which is essential for understanding respectively observance of a measure,
procedure, condition or description.
In addition, remarks on Chapter “Safety” must be observed.

The descriptions of the operating sequences in this chapter include sequences and
functions, which correspond to a fully equipped standard plant.
Project-specific adaptations are therefore not considered.
4.2 Starting the gas turbine
4.2.1 Checks prior to start

The checks specified below must be carried out before any start of the gas turbine plant.
All these pre-start checks make it possible to detect any unusual conditions, which might
impair the correct function and thus the operating performance of the plant.
In general these checks should also be carried out - daily - in the normal operation of the
gas turbine plant.
The checks to be carried out cover several different systems.
WARNING
The following subsections should be gone through point by point before each start, and the turbine
should only be started once it has been established that the whole plant is in a fault-free condition.
4.2.1.1 Turbogenerator set
• Check the interior of the container and t he immediate environment. Examine all auxiliary
equipments for the p resence of a ny combustible objects or fo reign bodies, which are not
required for the operation of the gas turbine.
• Check that the entire plant is correctly mounted and installed.
• Check that all the co nnection valves to t he measuring and protection equipments are
correctly opened.
• Check that the hand valves of the lube oil pumps, if any, are widely opened.
• Check that both drain and vent hand valves, if any, are closed.
• Open the manual fuel-stop valves.
• Check the pressure of the plant fuel supply for the selected fuel.
• Check the pressure of the instrument air supply.
• Open the valves of the water cooling system, if applicable.
• Check the connection of both the DC-operated emergency lubrication pump and of the other
lube oil pumps, if any, and ensure the correct operation.
• Check all lines and connections for leaks. All leaks must be corrected.
• Check the oi l level; the oil tank m ust be filled to the permissible maximu m level (see
maintenance instructions).
• Check that the oil tank he ater is functioning correctly; the temperature must be sufficient to
start the gas turbine; the type of oil used determines the lowest permissible temperature.
• Check that the man ual oil filter cha nge-over valve is corre ctly positioned; check the d rain
and venting valves of the twin filter.
• All doors of the package must be closed during operation.
4.2.1.2 Air filter system
• Check that al l the filters of the turbine combustion air system and the pocket filters of the
container cooling air system are correctly installed.
• Check if there is any blocking or damage in the filter system.
4.2.1.3 Oil cooler
• Check for leaks in the cooler or the supply pipes. All leaks must be corrected.
• Check that the cooler is clean and completely free of blocking, which can have an adverse
effect on efficiency.
• In the event of extreme o perating conditions or very low tempe ratures, it is necessary to
check for frozen areas along the piping lines outside the container and in the oil cooler.
4.2.1.4 Electrical supply
• Check that t he battery charger is working properly, check all the conn ections of the
distribution system; check the battery conditions and the wiring.
• Check that all circuit bre akers and automatic miniature circuit breakers in the supply an d
control cabinet are connected.
• Check that all AC/DC main and auxiliary supplies in the control cabinet are connected.
• Check that the fire and gas monitoring systems are functioning correctly.
NOTE
The 400 V AC supply must be kept constant during the starting and the operation of the gas turbine,
so that the correct function of the lubricating oil pump can be guaranteed. Any interruption in the
power supply causes the start to be aborted or the shutdown of the turbine generator plant.
4.2.1.5 Exhaust gas system
Dangerous explosive conditions can occur if:

• Fuel or other combustible materials reach the gas turbine exhaust gas system
• The ambient air and tem perature conditions reach the flammability threshol ds for the se
substances (flash point)
Fuel can become trapped in the exhaust gas system before the turbine is started or after
it is stopped, if for instance the burner flame goes out or ignition fails.
The following instructions are to be observed regularly and strictly:
• Check that the turbine exhaust gas system is completely unobstructed.
• Check that the waste heat boiler control system as well as the bypass system for discharge
into the atmosphere (if available) are correctly connected and are working properly.
• Check that a ll valves o r dampers of the ga s turbine exhaust gas syste m are co rrectly
mounted. It is ab solutely essential to check that these elements are functioning correctly.
The exhaust gas ducts must in all cases be unobstructed during starting and continuous
operation.
• Exhaust gas recovery systems are often equipped with bypass dampers to control the gas
supply to the system. If a bypass damper is mounted, check that it is fun ctioning correctly;
make sure that it is able, when the ga s turbine is started, to divert the entire exhaust g as
flow into the atmosphere.
• Check that the fuel quality compli es permanently with the specifications for the gas turbine.
A deviation f rom the fuel specification may l ead to a malfu nction of the fu el regulation
system.
CAUTION
Before starting the gas turbine make sure that the exhaust gas system has been completely freed of
non-burned fuel or other combustible materials by means of purging.
The purging of the exhaust gas system with air is carried out automatically during the
running up of the turbine. The operator must, however, regularly check that this purging
process is taking place correctly (check duration and sequence).
The purging process of the exhaust gas system takes place with the airflow delivered by
the compressor of the gas turbine while turning with the starting motor system, without
ignition. The total duration and the sequence of the purging process must be determined
in accordance with local regulations and the purge volume.
To start the purging process the gas turbine control system sends a signal to the boiler
only if the turbine is turning without ignition. Upon completion of the purging process,
the waste heat boiler control system triggers the ignition of the gas turbine with a
corresponding signal.
CAUTION
The activation and control of the exhaust gas system purging process is the responsibility of the
waste heat boiler control system, which functions separately from the gas turbine control.
If the purging process exceeds the programmed maximum duration, i.e. usually 5
minutes, the gas turbine is stopped and an alarm is released.
4.2.1.6 Time intervals between repeated start-ups
After a turbine shutdown it is possible to proceed with another start-up, two minutes after
the turbine has decelerated below 5% speed. The start permission is given on the screen.
In case of shutdown due to an alarm, do not proceed with the next attempt to start-up
unless the problem is fixed.
ATTENTION
After three repeated start-up failures, a deep troubleshooting is necessary.
Further start-up attempts without having removed the fault may damage part of the plant.
4.2.2 Switching on the control system
Check the self-initialization of the control system:
• at first, switch on th e PC at its main switch on the rack and wait until the PC has booted up
and configured the I/O bus modules.
• as soon as a steady condition occurs, switch on the failsafe miniature controller at the main
switch.
WARNING
When the control system is switched off, the gas and fire monitoring systems are not fully effective.
With the safety system switched on, gas is detected and displayed visually, but the package
ventilation is not active, which means that any escaped gas is not discharged.
With the safety system switched on, fire is detected and the CO2 flooding initiated, but the container
ventilation dampers remain closed, which means that a dangerous overpressure can build up in the
container.
4.2.2.1 Presettings
If you have not already done so, you should position the following three windows on the
user video in such a way as to enable the most ergonomic input and display:
• Main Commands window
• Active Alarms window
• Information window
The “Main Commands” window is opened with a submenu option of the main
“Commands” menu. The Active Alarms and Information windows are to be found under
the “Monitoring” menu item.
4.2.2.2 Switching on the system
The “Main Commands” window is opened with a submenu option of the main
“Commands” menu.
The information window displays
«SYSTEM OFF».
Pushing the button
System on
activates the control system.
Prior to energize the electrical equipments, a 30s ventilation is carried out in order to
remove possible gas leak inside the container. If , during the ventilation, the inlet or outlet
air shutters do not open, there is a shut-down and the control system wait a reset signal.

«SYSTEM INITIALIZATION» and
«ENCLOSURE PURGE».
Once the container purge ventilation is over, the control system displays
«SYSTEM INITIALIZATION»
«POWER SUPPLY ON». And then the system asks the alarm reset. Window displays
«START DISABLED»
«RESET ALARM REQUIRED».
Without any active alarm , the control system is in mode stand by, with the display
«READY TO START» waiting the command
«START».
4.2.2.3 Check and Reset of the pending alarms
The “Pending alarms” window lists all the currently recorded alarms.
Pushing the button
Reset
resets all the alarms.

If an alarm that represents a shutdown condition is still active, the plant cannot be
started.
In this case it is necessary first to remove the cause of the alarm.
As soon as the plant is fault-free, the control system switches to the ready state.
4.2.2.4 Mode selection: local , remote
Pushing the
Local
button tells the control system that the machine is to be controlled “locally“.
I.e. only commands that are entered via the “touch-screen” will be accepted.
If the machine is being operated by remote control, the “remote control” signal (in the
client module) is activated.
4.2.2.5 Ready for start
The turbine has carried out all internal resets and is ready to start.
The “ready to start” signal (in the client module) is activated.

«READY TO START».
4.2.3 Local start-up procedure, gas fuel
The “Main Commands” window is required for the control.
The “Main Commands” window is a submenu option of the main “Commands” menu.
4.2.3.1 Fuel selection
Pushing the button
Gas
informs the control system that the start is to be with natural gas.
The button is shown to be activated, which allows you to see at any time which fuel is
being used.
If the machine is being operated with gas fuel, the “gas fuel operation” signal (in the
(N.B.: On machines that are operated only with gas, the fuel selection is not mentioned)
4.2.3.2 Starting the turbine
Pushing the button
Start
starts the machine.
The start-up sequence runs fully automatically.
4.2.3.3 Start-up sequence gas fuel mode
• Pre-ventilation
To discharge any concentration of gas present in the container, the container inlet and
exhaust fans are switched on and the container ventilated for 30 s.
The container heaters are switched off.
The “start-up sequence” signal (in the client module) is activated and the “ready to start”
signal deactivated.
• The information window displays

«START SEQUENCE» and
• Emergency lubrication pump test

The emergency lube oil pump system undergoes a functional test.
«EMERGENCY OIL PUMP CHECK».
• Verification that the pump is off and that the signals coming from the pressure switches are
low, during 10-15 seconds.
• Switching-on the pump for 10-15 s and verification that the pressure switches activate.
• Switching-off the pump and check that the pressure switches return to their initial condition.
The start sequence will be interrupted in case that the emergency lubrication pump test is
not successful.
4.2.3.3.1. Pre-lubrication
For the pre-lubrication the control system switches on the pre/post pump.
After that waiting time of 30 seconds the pre-lubrication oil pressure is checked during 30
additional seconds. If the oil pressure has reached its minimum value, the pre-lubrication
is continued for further 4 minutes.
«START SEQUENCE» and only during the check
«LUBE OIL PRESSURE CHECK» and then for 4 minutes
«START SEQUENCE»
«PRE LUBE SEQUENCE».
4.2.3.3.2. Cranking
If the oil temperature is above 17°C, the electric starting motor system is switched on.
«CRANKING»
«ACCELERATION TO CRANK SPEED»
The turbine receives torque and begins to turn.
To start the exhaust gas duct ventilation the “boiler purge” signal (in the client module) is
activated.
• T60 turbines have to reach the 16% speed within 45 s, otherwise a shutdown takes place.
4.2.3.3.3. Gas valve tightness check
There follows a gas valve tightness sequence which checks for any leakage in the closing
of the gas stop valves.
The venting valve between the primary and secondary gas stop valve is closed for 20
seconds.
If pressure increases, the primary stop valve is opened for 3 s and then closed again.
The gas pipe between the two stop valves is now under pressure, which must be
maintained for 20s.
If the pressure is maintained, the secondary stop valve is considered to be closing
tightly.
The gas vent valve is opened for 5 s to discharge the enclosed volume of gas to
atmosphere.
Now it is checked for 20 s whether there is any rise in pressure in the gas pipe between
the stop valves.
If no rise in pressure occurs, the primary stop valve is considered to be closing tightly.
«CRANKING» and
«GAS VALVE CHECK SEQUENCE».
4.2.3.3.4. Exhaust gas duct purge
In accordance with local regulations the exhaust gas duct is purged with the air produced
by the turbine.
«CRANKING» and
«EXHAUST AND HEAT RECOVERY SYSTEM PURGE».
When crank speed (in the starting sequence) is reached, a signal is sent to boiler to start
purge, and the control system now waits for an ignition release signal back from the
boiler.
The time monitoring of the exhaust gas duct purge is carried out by the boiler control
system.
After 4 minutes boiler purge the information window displays
«CRANKING» and
«WAIT FOR HEAT RECOVERY SYSTEM READY».
If no ignition release has been given after 5 min. from the purge begin, an alarm is
generated.
4.2.3.3.5. Ignition
As soon as the ignition release signal is received from the waste heat boiler, the two gas
stop valves and the ignition gas valve are opened, and the spark plug is excited. The
main gas regulation valve (and the pilot gas regulation valve on SoLoNOx machines) are
at an opening suitable for the ignition.
The operating hours counter is started.
During the start-up phase the ignition time of the turbine is monitored by the safety
system.
The spark plug is excited and within 10 s, the turbine temperature (T5) has to reach
204°C, if not there is a start failure
After a successful ignition the spark plug is switched off and the ignition gas valve is
closed.
«IGNITION».
4.2.3.3.6. Acceleration to nominal speed
The control system regulates the fuel supply in such a way that the 66% speed threshold
is reached with an almost constant acceleration.
If the T60 turbine does not reach this speed within 180 s, a shutdown takes place.
At 66% speed the turbine is self-powering and able to accelerate without the help of the
starting system. The starting system is deactivated.
«ACCELERATION SEQUENCE» and
«ACCELERATION TO 66%».
The turbine speeds up from de 66% to 90%.
The 90% speed has to be reached within 140 seconds.
Window display
«ACCELERATION TO 90%»
At 90% speed, the generator excitation is switched on, the minimal voltage protection of
the generator is activated and the start counter increased by 1.
The turbine now accelerates to 100% nominal speed.
The information window display
«ADJUSTING RATED SPEED».
The warm-up starts at this step and lasts 30 seconds with the window display
«WARMING UP SEQUENCE» and
«ADJUSTING RATED SPEED»
After that, the turbine is ready for load.
Ready to load
At the end of the start-up the turbine is ready for synchronization and
the window display is:
«READY TO LOAD» and
«SYNCHRO ALLOWED».
The “ready for load” signal (in the client module) is now activated.
Verify that the generator voltage is at nominal level.
4.2.4 Local start-up procedure, liquid fuel
4.2.4.1 Fuel selection
Pushing the button
Liquid
informs the control system that the start is to be with liquid fuel.
The button is shown to be activated, which allows you to see at any time which fuel is
being used.
If the machine is being operated with liquid fuel, the “liquid fuel operation” signal (in the
4.2.4.2 Starting the turbine
Pushing the button
Start
starts the machine.
The start-up sequence runs fully automatically.
4.2.4.3 Start-up sequence liquid fuel mode
• Pre-ventilation
To discharge any concentration of gas present in the container, the container inlet and
exhaust fans are switched on and the container ventilated for 30 s.
The container heaters are switched off.
The “start-up sequence” signal (in the client module) is activated and the “ready to start”
signal deactivated.
• Emergency lubrication pump test

The emergency lube oil pump system undergoes a functional test.
• Verification that the pump is off and that the signals coming from the pressure switches are
low, during 10-15 seconds.
• Switching-on the pump for 10-15 s and verification that the pressure switches activate.
• Switching-off the pump and check that the pressure switches return to their initial condition.
The start sequence will be interrupted in case that the emergency lubrication pump test is
not successful.
4.2.4.4 Pre-lubrication
For the pre-lubrication,

• The control system switches on the DC pre- and post-lubrication pump
After that waiting time the pre-lubrication oil pressure is checked during 30 additional
seconds. If the oil pressure has reached its minimum value, the pre-lubrication is
continued for further 4 minutes.
«LUBE OIL PRESSURE CHECK» and then for 4 minutes
«START SEQUENCE»
4.2.4.5 Cranking
If the oil temperature is above 17°C, the electric starting motor system is switched on.
«CRANKING»
To start the exhaust gas duct ventilation the “boiler purge” signal (in the client module) is
activated.
4.2.4.6 Low pressure liquid fuel pump check
All the liquid fuel valves are closed.

The control system verifies that the low pressure liquid fuel transfer pump is working by
checking the suction pressure at the inlet of the liquid fuel high pressure pump.
«CRANKING» and
«LIQUID LOW PRESSURE PUMP CHECK».
4.2.4.7 Exhaust gas duct purge
In accordance with local regulations the exhaust gas duct is purged with air.
«CRANKING» and
«EXHAUST AND HEAT RECOVERY SYSTEM PURGE».
When crank speed (in the starting sequence) is reached, a signal is sent to boiler to start
purge, and the control system now waits for an ignition release signal back from the
boiler.
The time monitoring of the exhaust gas duct purge is carried out by the boiler control
system.
After 4 minutes boiler purge the information window displays
«CRANKING» and
«WAIT FOR HEAT RECOVERY SYSTEM READY».
If no ignition release has been given after 5 min. from the purge begin, an alarm is
generated.
4.2.4.8 Ignition
As soon as the ignition release signal is received from the waste heat boiler, the two
liquid fuel stop valves, the atomization air valve and the liquid fuel ignition valve are
opened, and the spark plug is excited. The main liquid fuel pump (and the pilot pump on
SoLoNOx machines) are at controlled speed suitable for the ignition.
The operating hours counter is started.
During the start-up phase the ignition time of the turbine is monitored by the safety
system.
The spark plug is excited and within 25 s, the turbine temperature (T5) has to reach
204°C, if not there is a start failure
After a successful ignition the spark plug is switched off and the liquid fuel ignition gas
valve is closed.
«IGNITION».
4.2.4.9 Acceleration to 66% nominal speed
The control system regulates the fuel supply in such a way that the 66% speed threshold
is reached with an almost constant acceleration.
• If the T60 turbines do not reach this speed within 180 s, a shutdown takes place.
At 66% speed the turbine is self-powering and able to accelerate without the help of the
starting system. The starting system is deactivated.
«ACCELERATION TO 66%».
4.2.4.10 Acceleration to nominal speed and warm-up
The turbine speeds up from de 66% to 90%.

The 90% speed has to be reached within 140 seconds.
Window display
«ACCELERATION TO 90%»
At 90% speed , the generator excitation is switched on, the minimal voltage protection of
the generator is activated and the start counter increased by 1.
The turbine now accelerates to 100% nominal speed.
«ADJUSTING RATED SPEED».
The warm-up starts at this step and lasts 30 seconds with the window display
«WARMING UP SEQUENCE» and
«ADJUSTING RATED SPEED»
After that, the turbine is ready for load.
4.2.4.11 Ready to load
At the end of the start-up the turbine is ready for synchronization and the window display
is:
«SYNCHRO ALLOWED».
If the turbine has reached its nominal speed, the “ready for load” signal (in the client
module) is activated.
Verify that the generator voltage is at nominal level.
4.3 Synchronization
This chapter deals with the various sequences for synchronization and direct insertion of
the generator circuit breaker.
CAUTION
In the case of maintenance work, interventions or corrections to the gas turbine synchronization
system , that means to the voltage measurement system or to the position signals of the circuit
breakers , it must be ensured that the system is fully tested again before a synchronization is
carried out.
When the turbine is running at its nominal speed, the three following possibilities exist:
• The busbar voltage before the generator circuit breaker is present; in this case
synchronization with the busbar can be carried out.
• The busbar voltage before the generator circuit breaker is not present after a cold start; in
this case a direct insertion of the generator with the circuit breaker is possible. In praxis, the
direct insertion operation is carried out very seldom.
CAUTION
The mentioned possibilities can be started manually or automatically. It is important to be clear
about the mode of synchronization before starting the turbine: with manual or automatic
initialization. The “Generator Commands” window should therefore be called up before each start
and the appropriate presettings implemented.
The “Generator Commands” window is available for the desired synchronization mode
selection as a submenu option of the main “Commands” menu.
This menu allows you to carry out all the operations and pre-set, which are directly
related to the synchronization.
General description of the MV plant:
a) General:
The basis of this study is the single line nr.
The Turbomach generator (GT) and one gas engine (GE) 2.928MW are present on the plant.
No grid connection is foreseen.
Breakers:
- Generator breaker of GT: GEN-CB,
- Generator breaker of GE: GE-GEN-CB
Voltage transformers (VT’s):

- VT before generator breaker: Ugen,
- VT on the busbar: Ubusbar,
For the gas turbine (GT) it is foreseen to have island mode alone or with the GE.
Island mode alone means: gen-CB closed AND GE-GEN-CB open.

Island mode with GE means: gen-CB closed AND GE-GEN-CB closed.
The GT will synchronise on the GEN-CB. No other synchronisation points are foreseen.
b) GT regulation mode for the GT operating alone:

The GT regulates in frequency mode all the time.
If the GT i s alone then the internal consumption in the fa ctory must be kept lower th an the
maximum power of the GT (client responsibility).
c) GT regulation mode for the GT operating with the GE:

If the GT is running in parallel with the GE, then it must b e decided how the load would be
shared between the two generators.
Therefore the following information is required from the GE:
TBM needs to know, in which condition the GT is running.

Therefore the following signals must be foreseen for:
information GEN-CB open/closed,
information GE-GEN-CB open/closed,
d) GT start up from black

If the plant is in black (me aning that both GT and GE are out of operation ), all the factory load s
must be disconnected.
The client must start the black start diesel generator in order to feed the GT with 415V.
After the start sequence the G T can close the gen-CB directly since the busbar voltage is not
present.
At this moment the GT is operating alone in island mode.
e) Normal synchronisation:
If the GE is in operation a nd the GT is started, then there is voltage on the b usbar (Ubusbar
present) and the GT synchronises on it through the GEN-CB.
After this sequence the GT is operating in island mode with the GE.
f) GE shut down:
When both GT and GE a re operating, if the GE shut down and the internal consumption in the
factory is bigger than the maximum GT power, t hen the clie nt must di sconnect some load, in
order to reduce the internal consumption below the maximum GT power.
Attention: this load disconnection must happen very quickly in order to avoid the trip of the GT
due to under frequency (meaning complete plant black out).!!!
The same must be done if the GT shut down and the GE remains alone in operation.
4.3.1 Synchronization with the busbar
If the plant is ready to load and the busbar voltage is present; the gas turbine can be
connected to the busbar with the generator circuit breaker through the synchro-
sequence.
In both modes, manual or automatic, the voltage, frequency and phase matching are
performed automatically.
4.3.1.1 Automatic synchronization
The automatic synchronization begins immediately, without the action of the operator, if
is active in the Generator Commands window.
Synchro auto
There follows the fully automatic synchronization sequence.
4.3.1.2 Manual synchronization
Manual synchronization takes place if the button has been preset in the Generator
Commands window.
Synchro manu
The synchronization sequence can now be initiated manually by means of the button.
Synchro start
There follows the synchronization sequence.

To interrupt the synchronization sequence press the button
4.3.1.3 Busbar synchronization sequence
4.3.1.3.1. Synchronization conditions
The busbar voltage must be present.

The generator circuit breaker must be open.
«SYNCHRO SEQUENCE».
4.3.1.3.2. Voltage connection
All synchronization equipment is supplied with voltage.

The synchronization instruments display the voltage and frequency differences between
the AC generator and the busbar.
4.3.1.3.3. Voltage and frequency regulation
In this phase the synchronization system compares the frequency and the phase angle of
the generator and busbar voltages and sends a correction signal to the control system,
which adapts the turbine speed accordingly. In this way the voltage regulator adapts
automatically the generator voltage.
4.3.1.3.4. Synchronization pulses
If voltage, frequency and phase angle lie within the tolerance range and remain constant
for a defined period, the synchronization system sends a synchronization pulse. The
system remains active, in order to send several pulses. Before permitting the closure of
the generator circuit breaker, the control system tests whether the entire synchronization
channel is working normally.
For this purpose a sequence of 3 pulses is carried out:
Pulse 1 The first pulse is tested to make sure that the synchronization equipment is sending a correct
pulse. The maximum permissible time interval between two pulses is 120 seconds. If this time is
exceeded, the synchronization is aborted.
Pulse 2 The second pulse enables the connection of the undervoltage coil of the generator circuit
breaker.
Pulse 3 The third pulse is transmitted directly to the generator circuit breaker, allowing it to close.
4.3.1.3.5. Insertion of generator circuit breaker
The generator circuit breaker must close within 2 seconds of the third pulse. The
acknowledgement is sent directly from the generator circuit breaker position switch.
If this time is exceeded, the synchronization is again aborted.
4.3.1.3.6. End of synchronization
The command to close the generator circuit breaker represents the end of the
synchronization sequence.
The machine is now on the busbar delivering power to the factory.
«ON LOAD»
4.3.1.3.7. Synchronization alarms
As indicated above, the synchronization is interrupted if:

• The time interval between two pulses exceeds 120 seconds.
• The generator circuit breaker does not close within 2 seconds of the third pulse.
After the synchro abortion, the information window displays

4.3.2 Synchronization test
For maintenance and commissioning, a test function is available, for busbar or back
synchronization.
Precondition is the selection of the manual synchronization.
If the button is activated,
Synchro test on
the synchronization sequence is started; the closing command of the generator circuit
breaker is, however, locked.
This function is deactivated with the button.
Synchro test off
4.3.3 Direct insertion of the generator circuit breaker
This is a very seldom situation, where the voltage after the generator circuit breaker is
absent: there is no voltage or frequency to match and therefore no need to synchronize
prior to close the generator circuit breaker.
If the
Gen CB insertion
button has been preset, the circuit breaker closes automatically, as soon as the «READY
TO LOAD » message is received.
If the
Gen CB insertion manu
button has been preset, after the «READY TO LOAD» message the system waits the
circuit breaker manual close command.
The button
Gen CB close
can then be used to send the close command
The
Gen CB open
button can be used to open the generator circuit breaker at any time independently from
any regulation.
4.4 Operating modes and load charging
When the synchronization sequence has been executed successfully, the generator
circuit breaker is closed, the gas turbine generator set is connected with the busbar and
it is possible to increase the electrical load.
Depending on the operator decision, the plant offers several operating possibilities:
• Power mode
«ON LOAD» and
«PARALLEL MODE».
Activation of active power adjustment.
Activation of power factor (cos ϕ) adjustment.
• Frequency mode
«ON LOAD» and
«ISLE MODE».
Activation of speed adjustment.
Activation of voltage adjustment.
4.4.1 Power mode operation
When the operator select the active power regulation mode, the gas turbine generator set
can supply active power (kW) and reactive power (kVAR). The ratio (cos phi) can be
predefined.
The control system adapts the power supplied by the gas turbine to the value preset by
the operator, while the generator output is continuously measured and compared with the
set point.
The power adaptation is carried out in accordance with the increase or decrease in load
at a constant rate until the desired value is achieved.
When maximum power is required, the control system limits turbine temperature (T5) to
its maximum permissible value and thus ensures maximum power output under the
current ambient conditions.
In case of a load change, the generator voltage regulator keeps the generator power
factor constant at the preset value.
NOTE
In order to ensure stable operating conditions in power mode operation, the gas turbine should be
operated with at least 10% of its nominal power.
4.4.2 Frequency mode operation
When the operator select the frequency regulation mode, the turbine generator plant must
supply and keep constant its own speed or generator frequency (Hz) and voltage (V) for a
load.
The gas turbine control system adjusts the speed to a value predefined (50Hz). The
voltage regulator keeps constant the voltage supplied by the generator.
4.4.2.1 Load charging – Isle mode operation
The load on the busbar is determined by the plant load connected to the busbar itself and
cannot be changed or adjusted by the turbine generator plant.
In isle mode of operation, the operator must connect the loads gradually, in order to avoid
overloading the turbine generator plant and to prevent rejection of the loads which are
already connected. The connection of a higher load produces severe frequency and
voltage fluctuations and , under certain circumstances, the cut of the loads already
connected.
The type of load with which the gas turbine is charged also has an effect on these
fluctuations: with a strongly ohmic load there are more pronounced fluctuations in speed
than with a more inductive load.
As a guideline one may consider that the load can be connected in increments of 1 MW.
The maximum power for the gas turbine in isle mode of operation must be limited in
relation to the anticipated load fluctuations. At the same time the decrease in load as a
result of the rise in ambient temperature at the transition between night and day should
also be considered.
The generally recommended operational value is no more than 90% of maximum power.
Manual opening of the generator circuit breaker in isle mode operation
In isle mode of operation the operator has the option of manually disconnecting the
generator circuit breaker.
In isle operation the operator has two possibilities for manually disconnecting the
generator circuit breaker.
Press the red button on the front panel next to the “touch-screen”.
For safety reasons this button is located under a transparent protective cover.
In the “Generator Commands” menu, press the
button.
Gen CB open
NOTE
The opening button for the Generator Circuit Breaker is effective any time.
CAUTION
Before opening the generator circuit breaker in isle mode of operation it should be ensured that the
required power can be supplied by another plant. If this is not the case, the power supply is
completely disconnected, which leads to the blackout of the entire plant.
4.5 Gas turbine operation
4.5.1 Functional test during operation

Upon completion of the start-up sequence and after power stabilization, the turbine
generator plant works in continuous operation and supplies the required energy. During
this operating time the control system checks the operating conditions of the gas turbine,
the generator and all associated equipments and ensures that these conditions lie within
the tolerance range. If an operating condition changes, the control system reacts
automatically in order to adapt the plant to the new situation. If a parameter exceeds the
specified permissible range, the system informs the operator of this by means of an
alarm signal.
The operator must, however, in any case, regularly check that all the components of the
plant are functioning correctly, in order to be able to introduce the necessary corrective
measures as soon as possible. The checking procedures are in “Maintenance” section.
4.5.2 Generator settings and adjustment during operation

This section deals with the various settings and adjustment functions, which are to be
carried out during the operation of the turbine generator plant.
4.5.2.1 Adjustment of active power
The active power produced by the generator can be set to the desired value by means of
the appropriate function of the local control system (“touch-screen”) or by the
corresponding function of the remote control system.
The new set point can be entered at any time; the adjustment of active power is, however,
only effective if the operator has selected the power mode operation.
The actual value of generated power may be lower than the required power, as the power
can be limited by other factors, for example by the maximal permissible temperature T5.
For entering the desired setting, the “Active Power Setpoint” window is available as a
submenu option of the main “Setpoints” menu.
The power set point is entered using the “touch-screen“.
4.5.2.2 Adjustment of turbine speed (generator frequency)
The turbine speed (and thus the frequency supplied by the generator) can be set to the
desired value by means of the appropriate function of the local control system (“touch-
screen“) or by the corresponding function of the remote control system.
The new set value can be entered at any time; the adjustment of speed is, however, only
effective if the plant is working in isle mode of operation (frequency mode).
For entering the desired setting, the “Speed Setpoint” window is available as a submenu
option of the main “Setpoints” menu.
The speed set point is entered using the “touch-screen“.
The permissible adjustment range is between 95% and 105%.
The standard set point is 100%, which corresponds to a Generator frequency of 50 Hz.
4.5.2.3 Adjustment of the generator power factor (Cosϕ)
The reactive power supplied by the generator is determined by the generator power factor
(cos φ). This setting is only effective in operation with the generator circuit breaker
closed and in power mode operation.
In this operating mode the generator voltage regulator keeps the power factor constant at
the preset value. The set point is defined upon commissioning of the generator in
accordance with the client's instructions. The power factor values usually are between 0.9
and 0.8.
To correct the set value, please consult Turbomach.
4.5.2.4 Adjustment of the generator voltage
The adjustment of generator voltage is controlled by the generator voltage regulator. This
adjustment is only possible in operation with the generator circuit breaker open and in
isle mode of operation.
The set value is defined upon commissioning of the generator in accordance with the
client's instructions and is normally identical to the nominal voltage of the plant.
To correct the set value, please consult Turbomach.
For plants in which several generators are connected to the same load busbar, it is
important that the set voltage value remains unchanged. In isle mode of operation the
adjustment of generator voltage takes place upon commissioning of the plant. A static
value is defined which in isle mode of operation guarantees the most even possible
distribution of reactive power to the individual plants.
CAUTION
In isle mode of operation a modification of the generator voltage parameter may lead to
uncontrolled fluctuations of reactive power and current, which may result in damage.
4.6 Turbine stopping
4.6.1 Local shut-down in isle operation

In isle operation, the power control of the turbine can not change the produced power.
Therefore it is impossible to de-load the turbine and the generator circuit breaker opens
and rejects the whole load instantly.
NOTE
The opening button for the Generator Circuit Breaker is effective any time.
CAUTION
Before opening the generator circuit breaker in isle mode of operation it should be ensured that the
required power can be supplied by another plant. If this is not the case, the power supply is
completely disconnected, which leads to the blackout of the entire plant.
4.6.1.1 Local shut-down in isle operation:
4.6.1.1.1. Open circuit breaker
No de-loading is possible. Immediate opening of the generator circuit breaker.

If the generator circuit breaker does not open, an alarm is generated.
4.6.1.1.2. Cooling
Provided that the turbine receives AC supply ,a cool down sequence of 10 minutes
duration begins.
«STOP SEQUENCE» and
«COOLDOWN» and
«<START> Permitted when no Alarm (AL) pending».
If no alarm is active the machine can be switched back to the «READY TO LOAD» mode at
this point by pressing the
Start
button and synchronized again with the appropriate standard sequences.
4.6.1.1.3. Deceleration
When the cooling time has elapsed, all fuel valves close and the gas turbine reduces its
speed.
«DECELERATION».
When the gas turbine has reached 10% of nominal speed or 10 minutes have elapsed, the
deceleration step is ended.
Depending on the configuration of the control program, the turbine can carry out at first a
turning sequence at low speed for 2 hours and then the postlubrication sequence or the
turbine can at once carry out the postlubrication directly.
4.6.2 Emergency shut-down (manual push button)
A shutdown (emergency stop) of the gas turbine can be initiated at any time with the
EMERGENCY SHUTDOWN buttons.
These are located:
• On the outside wall of the turbine container
• Next to the “touch-screen” on the control panel
• In other plant specific places, if any.
CAUTION
An immediate shutdown can be initiated with the EMERGENCY SHUTDOWN buttons.
These buttons may only be used to shut down the gas turbine in the event of a clearly signalled
danger or in an emergency.
An immediate shutdown of the systems is also required in the event of a danger to the
gas turbine or other plant sections.
This shutdown takes place automatically if a S xxx error (Shutdown) occurs.
This type of error is displayed visually on the main interface of the control program and
can be consulted in the “Pending alarms” window.
Such an error may be generated both by the control system and by the safety system.
4.6.2.1 Emergency stop sequence:
4.6.2.1.1. Closing fuel stop valves and opening circuit breaker
The fuel stop valves are closed independently by the safety system and by the control
system.
The circuit breaker is opened under the currently driven load.
«STOP SEQUENCE».
4.6.2.1.2. Deceleration
As the fuel supply is off, the machine decelerates.

«DECELERATION».
When the gas turbine has reached 10% of nominal speed or 10 minutes have elapsed, the
deceleration step is ended.
If the AC power supply is missing, the DC lube oil pump starts .The lube oil pump is
powered by batteries with a capacity of about 4 hours service. The pump is designed to
supply a minimal flow of oil, in order to cool the white metal of the bearings located in the
hot parts of the turbine.
If the AC power supply is active, the stop sequence proceeds as usual: depending on the
configuration of the control program, the turbine can carry out at first a turning sequence
at low speed for 2 hours and then the postlubrication sequence or the turbine can at once
carry out the postlubrication directly.
NOTE
In order to restore the system, after an emergency shutdown caused by the push button, clear the
pending alarms and reset the emergency switch in its normal position by turning the switch head in
the arrow direction.
4.7 Safety procedure for fire alarm
An automatic, electronically controlled fire detection system for the turbogenerator
enclosure protection is provided. The system is monitored and operated from the fire
monitor unit, and is equipped with CO2 extinguishing system.
The installation is designed, executed and certified in accordance with local regulations.
The fire monitoring and extinguishing system detects flames inside the package and,
after a pre-set time delay, releases extinguishing agent (CO2), which will fill the enclosure.
WARNING
Carbon dioxide CO2 is a colorless, odorless gas (unless, for safety reason, lemon odor is added).
The discharge of carbon dioxide creates serious hazard to personnel, such as serious suffocation
and reduced visibility during and after the discharging period.
CAUTION
The fire monitor system is an independent control device, however the system is directly connected
with the turbine control system for the alarm transmission and safety sequence.
4.7.1 Fire system’s equipment

The fire monitoring and extinguishing system consists of following main components:
• a fire monitor unit consisting of : electronic control and monitoring unit with 220VAC supply,
24VDC internal battery and manual fire alarm button on the front panel
• in the container: infrared ray detectors RT0210 and RT0220
• outside the container: manual release push-button SB0302, alongside the enclosure
warning horn and flashing light signals HAL0305, above the inspection door a CO2 bottles
set B0312 with sufficient filling for one extinguishing action weight switches for CO 2 bottle
leakage monitoring WS0312 extinguishing agent release solenoid valve MV0313 distribution
piping, and spray nozzles.
CAUTION
The CO2 cylinder set, is designed for one fire fighting action only.
It must be refilled again to restore the fire fighting functionality.
4.7.2 Fire system operation
The fire fighting system is designed to detect and extinguish a fire propagating in the
enclosure. Fires, such as fuel fires or lube oil fires, are quickly extinguished by flooding
the area with an inert gas. Discharging a high concentration of CO2 into the container
creates the inert atmosphere.
To accomplish this, the enclosure ventilation system is shutdown, the ventilation
shutters are closed and the extinguishing agent is discharged into the enclosure.
The fire detection system is equipped with its own emergency power supply and remains
active even in the event of 220 VAC supply failure.
Once armed, normal system activation is controlled by the fire detection system; the
extinguishing agent can also be released any time by pressing the push button in case of
an emergency. A manual fire alarm button is mounted outside the container.
To operate, break the glass and press the button. In order to reset the button, replace the
glass cover.
The infrared flame detectors monitor the possible flame inside the enclosure.
The infrared flame detector, with highly sensitive element reacts rapidly to all flaming fire
in which carbonaceous materials are burnt, such as wood, plastic, alcohol, natural gas,
petroleum products etc. A pyro-electric sensor evaluates a specific wavelength of the hot
carbon dioxide emitted by the flame. The detector achieves high immunity to deceptive
phenomena by means of a second pyro-electric sensor, which operates on another
wavelength. Signal from both sensors are correlated which enables clear differentiation
between flame radiation and deceptive phenomena. Thus the detector is widely
insensitive to artificial light, sunlight, and all kinds of heat, ultraviolet, x-ray, and gamma
radiation.
As soon as a detector responds the control unit actuates a preventive warning signal.
Acoustic and lighting warning panel is provided outside the enclosure above the
maintenance door for operator's alerting. When both detectors respond simultaneously,
or if a button is pressed, the control unit gives the extinguishing command. After a delay,
a valve is actuated to release the extinguishing agent.
The main discharge valve is installed on the pilot bottle, charged with nitrogen , which
produces,when energised, the cascade opening of all the cylinder discharge valves of the
set.
For personnel safety reason, an odorant stored in a bottle, connected to the piping and
actuated by the discharge pressure, may be mixed with the odourless CO2, while
discharging into the enclosure. The discharged CO2 is flushed to the protected area
through spray nozzles. The spray nozzles are designed to distribute the gas smoothly
and evenly on the enclosure. The nozzles are sized for discharging the whole
extinguishing agent in about 60 seconds. In the event of loss of extinguishing agent, the
weight switch of the leaking cylinder in question transmits an alarm signal to the fire
detection system.
4.7.2.1 Container door
The door, located at the longitudinal side of the container, is provided with limit switch
that locks the discharge of the extinguishing agent if the door is open.
Personnel working inside the container have to keep the door open while working or to
lock the extinguishing agent release with the special function button on the fire monitor
control panel to avoid the possible release of the extinction during maintenance.
CAUTION
Under normal operating conditions, if no personnel is working inside the container, the door must
be kept closed in order to permit the action of the extinguishing system.
4.7.2.2 Operational logic of the automatic detection
The fire monitoring system provides the following main alarms:
System fault Indicates a fault of the monitoring system or parts of it.

The control system signals it as system error (ER).
This alarm doesn’t cause any automatic action.
Fire pre-alarm Indicates that one automatic fire sensor detects a fire.
The control system signals it as system warning (WR).
Fire alarm Indicates that two sensors detect a fire, or
The manual fire release buttons are actuated.
The control system signals it as alarm (SD).
The signals of the automatic detectors, equipped with infrared sensors, are processed by
the following logic:
First detector second detector Alarm signal

OK OK none
not OK OK fault
OK not OK fault
not OK not OK fault
not OK fire detected fault, pre-alarm, fire alarm
fire detected not OK fault, pre-alarm, fire alarm
fire detected OK pre-alarm
OK fire detected pre-alarm
fire detected fire detected pre-alarm, fire alarm
4.7.2.3 Fire monitoring and extinguishing system failure
Monitoring or extinguishing system defects, such as sensor failure, line interruption,

measurement unit failures or supply failure, activates this alarm.
WARNING
In case of failure indication, part of or the whole system is out of service.
It’s the operator’s responsibility to re-establish as soon as possible nominal operating conditions
and to take all the necessary precautions to assure a safe unit operation.
CAUTION
The fire system is primarily a safety device to protect personnel and equipment.
It must be ALWAYS READY.
The system will provide safe and continuos monitoring of hazardous areas only with proper
installation, calibration and maintenance.
Functional system failure sequence

• A defect in the monitoring system or parts of it is detected.
• The alarm in the fire monitor is activated.
• The control system signals it as system error (ER).
• This alarm doesn’t cause any automatic action.
4.7.2.4 Fire warning
This alarm is activated when one out of two automatic fire sensors detects a fire.
The alarm is announced by a continuous sound emitted by the beeper present in the
enclosure and by a warning signal in the main control system. Indication given by light
diodes is also visible on the front panel of the fire detection monitoring system
WARNING
IMMEDIATE operator intervention is mandatory in case of a fire detection warning, in order to verify
the actual situation of the installation and take all necessary precautions to assure safety to avoid
damage escalation.
WARNING
With the activation of the fire warning, the operator must proceed immediately to the turbine area
and verify the situation in the enclosure. The operator must be equipped with appropriate portable
extinguishing device.
WARNING
Extreme cautions must be taken when proceeding with enclosure inspection.
CAUTION
The main enclosure door (with handle) is equipped with a position switch; once opened automatic
extinguishing is blocked in order to protect the personnel in the enclosure. For this reason, during
normal condition main door must remain closed.
Functional fire warning sequence

• A fire pre-alarm is detected. The alarm in the fire monitor is activated.
• The control system signals it as system warning (WR).
• This alarm doesn’t cause any automatic action.
4.7.2.5 Fire alarm
This alarm is activated when both automatic sensors detect a fire. Activation is also
possible via manual push buttons installed on the enclosure and at the front panel of the
fire detection monitoring system.
The alarm is announced by an intermittent sound emitted by the beeper present outside
the enclosure and by an alarm signal in the main control system. Indication given by light
diodes is also visible on the front panel of the fire detection monitoring system
The gas turbine unit is instantly shut down, in parallel the extinguishing sequence is
activated.
CAUTION
The extinguishing command may not be executed if a system failure was present before the fire
alarm was issued.
WARNING
A fire detection alarm condition indicates a potential danger for fire development in all turbine area.
It is in the operator’s responsibility to ensure safety to all personnel and equipment to avoid
escalation of damages.
CAUTION
Do not push any of the reset push button before the fire has been completely extinguished. Non-
observance of this rule could cause interruption of the extinguishing sequence with inherent
damages.
WARNING
With the activation of the fire alarm, the operator must proceed to the turbine area and verify
immediately the situation in the enclosure. The operator must be equipped with appropriate
portable extinguishing device.
WARNING
CAUTION
WARNING
When the extinguishing gas (CO2) has been discharged, the air concentration in the enclosure is
extremely reduced; it’s highly dangerous to enter the enclosure without appropriate precautions,
life danger persists.
Do not enter the enclosure before ventilating sufficiently and after having checked oxygen
concentration in the enclosure.
4.7.2.5.1. Fire alarm sequence
• A fire alarm is detecte d. The intermittent alarm in the enclosure is activated. Inherent safety
sequence is activated by the control system.
• Immediate shutdown of the turbine is commanded. All main fuel shutoff valves are closed
and the vent valves opened. Enclosure fans are switched off. Enclosure air shutters remain
open during 45 seconds. The safety system is warned.
• Timer for a delay of norma lly 30 second s for the CO 2 discharge in the encl osure starts.
During this waiting period it’s possible to block the discharge with the corresponding switch
installed on the fire monitor.
• The turbine decelerates.
• The operator has to i ntervene IMMEDIATELY in o rder to verify the real situation of th e
installation and to take th e necessary precautions to guarantee safety. Actions such as the
following are at the operators responsibility:
• Evacuate all personnel in the turbine area proximity
• Close all external manual fuel & pressure air supply shut-off valves.
• Follow the safety prescription as per safety specifications.
• Once the 30 seconds timer expires, CO2 discharge is activated. Approxim ately 60 seconds
are required to empty the CO2 bottles.
• 15 seconds after the CO2 discharge start, air shutters are commanded to closed position.
Such sequence is to enhance air evacuation, since CO2 has a greater specific gravity.
• Once the CO2 is completely discharged, beeper tone changes from intermittent to continuos.
• In the mean time, the tu rbine shaft will de celerate to stand still if it was runnin g. The
lubrication system remains in service.
4.7.3 Operator container inspection and action
With the activation of fire alarms, the operator must go to the turbine area and verify
immediately the situation in the enclosure. The operator must be equipped with
appropriate portable extinguishing gear.
WARNING
CAUTION
4.7.3.1 No fire within the container
In case the inspection did not reveal the presence of a developing fire, proceed as
follows:
• If possible, block the extinction with the corresponding switch on the fire control panel
otherwise proceed on chapter re-establishment.
• If the situation is under control, cancel the present alarms on the fire control unit as well as
on the main control system.
• After resetting the alarms, enclosure air gates are opened and the ventilation is
automatically activated.
• Restart the engine.
• Observe long enough the enclosure to verify if there is a m alfunction in the fire monitoring
system or a real fire danger.
4.7.3.2 A small fire is detected in the container
In case the enclosure inspection reveals the presence of a minor entity fire, proceed as
follow:
• Make sure that nobody is inside or in proximity of the encl osure, if necessary evacuate the
person(s).
• Be sure that the fire can be controlled by means of a portable extinguisher.
• Extinguish the fire with the portable extinguisher.
• Once the fire is surely extinguished, block the automatic fire e xtinguishing from the fi re
monitor panel.
• Evaluate cause and damage entity.
• Once the cause has been identified a ssure the event cannot be repeated. If this is not
possible stop immediately operation.
• Proceed with disconnection and repair of parts, if possible.
WARNING
Avoid repair of functional parts when powered or under pressure, non-observance could cause
personal injuries.
• If necessary, stop the turbine and rep air, otherwise cancel the alarm s and continue with
operation.
• Inspect periodically the development area for sufficient time.
WARNING
In case of doubt, close the inspection doors and push without hesitation the manual extinguishing
switch in the enclosure area. Proceed as for important fires.
4.7.3.3 An important fire is detected in the container
In case the enclosure inspection reveals the presence of a major entity fire, proceed as
follow:
• Make sure that nobody is inside or in proximity of the encl osure, if necessary evacuate the
person(s).
• The fire cannot be manually controlled.
• Close the enclosure inspection doors.
• Actuate immediately the manual fire release button near the package or on the control panel
in the control cubicle room.
• Call the intern or extern fire-fighters department.
WARNING
In case of fire within the enclosure, fuels, lubrication and compressed air are an additional source
that could increase the damage potential. Therefore it is mandatory to cut the medium supply from
the external as soon as possible.
The operator must immediately evaluate the situation and interrupt outer danger sources.
• The turbo generator will shutdown.

• Close all the external manual liquid and gas fuel supply valves as well as the compressed air
supply.
• If the oil spill is feeding the fire, for safety reasons, power-off lubri cation oil pumps a re
required. The pumps must be switched off manually.
• The AC pre-post lube oil pumps can be disconnected by me ans of the corresponding
automatic fuse. Once the AC pumps are off, t he emergency oil pump will automatically run
because of p ressure drop. To swit ch off the emerge ncy oil pump use the ma nual switch
installed in the supply panel.
CAUTION
Lubrication cut-off is an action fully under operator’s responsibility.
Even if the turbine shaft is in standstill such action can lead to considerable damages, It is
therefore mandatory to contact Turbomach SA before any further actions are taken.
• Disconnect all enclosure equipment power supply.

• Because of t he potential high risk of a back-draft, and the pres ence of CO2 within the
enclosure, the enclosure doors MUST NOT be opened.
• Continue as explained under chapter re-establishment
WARNING
Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a colorless, odorless (for safety reason, lemon odor is added), electrically
non-conductive inert gas and is 1,5 times heavier than air.
The discharge of carbon dioxide in fire extinguishing concentration creates serious hazard to
persons, such as serious suffocation, which can be deadly, or reduce visibility in the protected
area.
Do not enter the enclosure before thorough ventilation and after having checked that the
atmosphere in the enclosure contains enough oxygen.
4.7.4 Precaution during maintenance works
During welding works inside the container, desactivate the fire detection and fire
extinction system in order to avoid any useless discharge of extinguishing agents.
WARNING
While the extinction system is out of service, it is necessary to install a portable extinguisher, with
sufficient capacity, close to the zone where the welding works are carried out.
4.7.5 Re-establishment of the unit after the discharge of extinguishing agents

WARNING
When the extinguishing gas (CO2) has been discharged, the air concentration in the enclosure is
extremely reduced; it’s highly dangerous to enter the enclosure without appropriate precautions,
life danger persists.
Do not enter the enclosure before sufficient ventilation and after having checked oxygen
concentration in the enclosure.
WARNING
Because of its physical composition CO2 is heavier then air, therefore CO2 has the tendency to stay
on the ground.
• When the fire is extinguished and qualified personnel have the situation under control, CO 2
evacuation is mandatory. Open of all doors and inspection panels.
• By means of compressed air flush en closure bottom and eve ntually cable trays, se ctions,
rooms, etc. below the en closure level that could have been potentially contaminated by
enclosure leaks.
• Before undertaking any activity related to the en closure be sure that all CO 2 is now properly
evacuated.
• Cancel the present alarms on the fire control unit as well as on the main control system.
• Disconnect the in stallation parts, which could be damaged. If necessa ry, proceed with
repairs.
• Refill the bottles with new Extinguishing agent.
• In case co ndition at the above point cannot be respected, due e.g. logistic rea sons,
operators are responsible for supervision and operation.
• Inspect all t he gas turbine generator set for fire damages . After a CO 2-discharge the
situation has to be carefully evaluated prior to restart.
4.8 Safety procedure for gas alarm
4.8.1 Description of the gas monitor system

The unit is equipped with a gas leakage monitoring system that covers the enclosure
internal area. The gas detection system is designed to continuously monitor the
explosive level of the atmosphere within the enclosure
The system consists of a gas sensors assembly installed in the container. The detection
sensors are connected to the safety back-up PLC (Process Logic Controller) which
provides the monitoring. The safety system triggers the system fault, warning and alarm
signals.
The processed value is in percent of the LEL (lower explosion limit) : typically 10% of LEL
for warning and 20% of LEL for alarm
The 100% LEL indication means the gas has reached a concentration where the gas/air
mixture become sufficient to produce an explosion (= 5% vol. CH4 in air). If the gas
concentration in the container increases the pre-selected levels, visual warnings, alarms,
and safety sequence, including turbine shutdown, are initiated to protect personnel and
equipment.
In case the concentration of gas exceeds 20% LEL the turbine will be shut down.
WARNING
In case of gas leakage detection alarm an explosion risk persists.
Before resetting the system be sure that the gas is evacuated.
To avoid personnel injuries, the system can only be restored once this condition is achieved.
The gas leakage monitoring system gives the following alarms ,which are displayed by
the control system:
Gas detection failure Indicates system or part of it out of service.

A system fault message is issued (SD).
The unit shut down, a dedicated safety sequence is activated.
Gas detection warning Indicates a gas concentration in the package above 10% LEL
and below 20 % LEL.
The control system signals this as a warning (WR).
Gas alarm Indicates a gas concentration in the package above 20 % LEL.

The control system signals this as alarm (SD).
The unit shut down, a dedicated safety sequence is activated.
4.8.2 Gas monitor system failure
Monitoring system failure such as sensor failure, line interruption, measurement unit
breakdown or supply failure, activates this alarm.
Due to the high danger of the gas leakage within the enclosure, the monitoring is
performed by the safety back-up PLC, working in the context of a redundancy control. For
this reason in case of one channel failure a shutdown for discrepancy is activated.
WARNING
In case of failure indication, part of or the whole system is out of service.
It’s operator’s responsibility to re-establish the correct system operation and take all necessary
precautions to grant a safe operation of the plant.
CAUTION
The gas detection system is primarily a safety device for the protection of personnel and equipment
It must always be ready
The system will provide safe and continuous monitoring of hazardous areas only with proper
installation, calibration and maintenance.
4.8.3 Gas leakage warning
This alarm is activated when the gas concentration in the enclosure exceeds the limit of
the first threshold (> 10 % LEL).
Warning (WR) will be commanded. Fans and air gates will be activated, if not already
activated, to ensure gas evacuation.
WARNING
If a gas leakage warning appears on the screen check the gas concentration in the container using
a hand-held gas detector: if the gas detector confirms the presence of gas or the leakage location is
detected shutdown immediately the gas turbine and close the main shutoff hand valve on the gas
line to the turbine.
Find here below recommended procedure to follow in case of gas leakage leading to a
warning:
• When this alarm is activated, concentration inspection by means of a portable instrument
must be exe cuted. Inspection must co ver all in ternal fuel suppl y lines, starting from inlet
flange till fuel injector’s connection ports.
• Once leak source has been identified, turbine must be stopped and external manual shut off
valve closed.
• Once all valves are closed, all e nclosure maintenance doors can be opened to imp rove
evacuation of gas residues.
• If the concentration is high or the escaped gas cannot be contained, all electrical supplies in
the enclosure must be powered off.
• If the situation is under control or the gas leakage repaired, cancel the present alarms and
restart the installation, keep the unit under visual control for a sufficient period.
4.8.4 Gas leakage alarm
This alarm is activated when the gas concentration in the enclosure exceeds the limit of
the second threshold (> 20 % LEL).
A shutdown signal (SD) is given. Enclosure fans and air gates are automatically activated
to evacuate the detected gas.
WARNING
In case of gas leakage an explosion risk persists, therefore all personnel in the area must be
evacuated and the enclosure must be closed to allow proper ventilation.
In a second time, but as soon as possible, authorized and skilled personnel must intervene to find
the source of the leak and take the necessary actions.
Inspection personnel must be equipped with appropriate protection.
Find here below recommended procedure to follow in case of gas leakage leading to an
alarm:
• Gas leakage above al arm threshold is detected. The safety back-up circuit is a ctivated
(hardware-backup). Inherent safety sequence is activated by the control system.
• Immediate shut-down of the turbin e is comma nded. All main fu el shut-off fuel valves are
closed and vent valves opened. Enclosure fans are switched on if not already on. Enclosure
air gates are commanded to open if not already open
• Power supply to all non-explosion proof equipment in th e enclosure is switched off,
exceptions are made for all explosion proof equipment (fire sensors, gas sensors, lighting)
and the components necessary for the safety back-up circuit.
• The turbine decelerates.
• The operator has to i ntervene IMMEDIATELY in o rder to verify the real situation of th e
installation and to take the necessary precautions to guarantee safety. Following actions are
at operators responsibility:
Evacuate all personnel in turbine area proximity.
Close all external manual fuel shut-off valves.
Follow the safety prescription as per safety specifications.
• The lubrication system remains in service since it is ex proof.
• Verify immediately the gas concentration in the enclosure. Inspection must be done by using
a portable equipment and must cover all th e gas fuel lin e, from inlet fla nge to i njector
connections.
• Once all valves are closed, all e nclosure maintenance doors can be opened to imp rove
evacuation of gas residues.
• If the concentration is high or the gas escape cannot be contained, all the electrical supplies
in the enclosure must be powered off and action that could lead to ga s ignition must be
avoided (welding, grinding, smoking,).
• If the situation is under control or gas leakage is repaired, reset alarms on the gas control
unit and on the main control system.
• Once the unit is resta rted, it is a dvisable to proceed with regular concentration
measurements and visual inspections for a reasonable time.
4.9 Turning and postlubrication
In order to equalize the temperature drops of the turbine hot parts, the turbine may
undergo a low speed turning sequence for 2 hours: it depends on the control program
configuration, whether the turning sequence is carried out or not.
After the deceleration and the turning sequence, if any, the post-lubrication cycle, for the
duration of which the lubricating system remains in operation, ensures the correct
lubrication and cooling of the turbine bearings. If the bearings are not cooled, the heat
released by the hot parts may damage them. For this reason a post-lubrication cycle
lasting 1 hour is mandatory, in order to guarantee the correct cooling of the bearings and
the correct operation of the plant.
CAUTION
A post-lubrication cycle lasting 4 hours is mandatory for the correct operation of the gas turbine.
In the event of lubrication failure during the post-lubrication phase please consult Turbomach
before attempting a restart.
In the event of a lubrication failure for more than 20 minutes the gas turbine must be overhauled.
4.9.1 Turning and postlubrication sequence

Depending on the control configuration: 2 hours low speed turning
As soon as the turbine slows down at 10% speed or 10 minutes after shutdown, the
starting motor system lets rotate the turbine at low speed for 2 hours.
Then the starting motor stops and the post-lubrication sequence proceeds.
Window displays
«TURNING SEQUENCE».
4.9.1.1 Post-lubrication
The post-lubrication sequence lasts 1 hour.

«POST LUBE SEQUENCE».
During the post-lubrication phase it is still possible to start the gas turbine by pressing
Start
Or turn the turbine in crank operation. (See chapter on Maintenance)
CAUTION
It is not permissible to accelerate the cooling of the gas turbine using the crank procedure
4.9.1.2 End of the postlubrication sequence
After postlubricationcycle, the control system returns to the standby position.
4.10 Turbogenerator alarms
4.10.1 General Description

The gas turbine generator plant is equipped with all the safety equipments required to
ensure the correct functioning and reliable continuous operation of all its components. In
the event of a complete or partial failure of a component, unusual events, malfunctions or
in other cases, the messages displayed on the “touch-screen” enable the operator to
carry out troubleshooting and malfunction analysis.
Although the automatic control system is very reliable, a constant monitoring of the
various situations by the operator remains the best way of achieving safe and effective
long-term operation. All displays which can provide detailed information on operating
sequences should be checked as part of regular inspections at the plant.
If the operator detects an unusual situation, the cause of the malfunction or deviation
should be investigated and clearly determined before the operating sequences are
continued, in order to avoid any greater damage to the plant or personal injury. It should
not be waited until the automatic control system reacts; if the operator detects errors or
deviations, he must take the necessary corrective measures to prevent or to limit any
possible damage.
The various alarm displays ,are generated by the control system, are shown below.
E-xxx Error Error condition

W-xxx Warning Warning indicator
A-xxx Shutdown Alarm with normal turbine shutdown
(shutdown with cooling phase)
S-xxx Shutdown Alarm with quick shutdown
4.10.2 E-xxx Error
The error signal indicates a problem in connection with measuring, signal transmission
or value recording.
In most cases this alarm does not stop or shutdown the gas turbine generator set.
Communication problems arise as a result of faults in the communication lines to other
systems, e.g. in the serial RS485 connections which link the control system with the
multi-transducer.
Value recording problems are caused by faults in the analogue transducers. In the event
of an E xxx "error" alarm, the measurement channel in question is usually deactivated
and the respective alarms or functions are no longer available.
In the event of an E xxx "error" alarm the operator must use his own judgement to decide
what measures are required to ensure the reliable operation of the plant. The operator is
also responsible for constantly checking the deactivated signals with the aid of other
control parameters in order to prevent possible damage to the system.
4.10.3 W-xxx Warning

A warning signal indicates a sequence error or a warning condition in the various
systems.
Malfunctions in the course of the various functional sequences of the program, which are
generally caused by defects in the systems involved, produce a sequence error.
A warning is triggered by protective equipment which displays an unusual condition in a
particular section of the plant. At this stage the situation is not (yet) critical for the safety
of the plant; the operator must, however, immediately take suitable countermeasures to
prevent the situation getting any worse, leading to more serious malfunctions or a
shutdown of the plant.
4.10.4 A-xxx Alarm with Normal Turbine Stop

An alarm message with normal turbine shutdown indicates an error situation which may
lead to damage to the gas turbine, but which does not demand a quick shutdown.
The shutdown caused by an A-xxxx is equivalent to manual stopping with the STOP
button.
The remaining sequence therefore corresponds to the stopping sequence described in
corresponding section
4.10.5 S-xxx Alarm with Quick Shutdown

A quick shutdown signal indicates an immediate danger to the gas turbine or other plant
sections and demands an immediate shutdown of the system.
The shutdown is equivalent to the emergency stop.
During the gas turbine post-lubrication phase the plant may be restarted at any time. It is,
however, necessary to determine the causes of the stopping or shutdown of the turbine.
This is to be mentioned in the plant operation report and all damages or errors are to be
corrected immediately.
4.11 Taking the Plant out of Operation (weeks)
If the plant is not going to be operated for a period of time, e.g. for a weekend or for one
or more weeks, the plant may be taken out of operation.
CAUTION
Before the plant is taken out of operation the gas turbine must be in the “ready to start” state, i.e.
the post-lubrication phase must have been completed.
CAUTION
In principle the machine remains in ready to start conditions during this period and the machine
state is monitored even at standstill.
The following points are to be observed in this connection:

The turbine control system is active.
In the “Main Commands” menu the
System on
button is activated.

«SYSTEM ON».
The safety system is active.
The main current supply (AC main switch in the supply cabinet) is active, in order to
ensure the power supply, e.g. to the container heater, or to keep the batteries at their
optimum charge state via the battery charger.
The gas detection system within the turbine enclosure is active.
In the event of a gas leakage alarm the enclosure ventilation is immediately switched on
and the heaters are switched off.
4.12 Plant Shutdown (months)
CAUTION
Before the plant is shut down the gas turbine must be in the “ready to start” state, i.e. the post-
lubrication phase must have been completed.
Even for long periods of standstill it is advisable to proceed like for short periods of
standstill and to leave the turbine in «READY TO START» conditions, in order to:
• have the lube oil tank heat er switched on, to keep the oil at a sufficient tempe rature for the
next start.
• have the generator heater on , to prevent condensation forming within the generator.
• have the container heaters (if installed) on , to prevent condensation or freezing.
• have the battery charger active , to keep the batteries full charged.
• monitor possible gas leakage inside the container.
• monitor possible fire.
• let the air conditioning work and regulate the humidity and temperature in the control room.
If a plant is taken out of operation for a long period, the turbine must be turned at regular
intervals. The turbine should be briefly brought up to its starting speed using the start-up
system, that means by activating the crank sequence.
This process should be carried out every 14 days; the turbine can subsequently remain
out of service for a further 14 days.
If the turbine is installed in an especially aggressive environment, e.g. in proximity to the
sea or in a location with severe industrial pollution, this process should be carried out
several times a week (at least once a week).
The generator is particularly sensitive if put out of operation for an extended period. It is
recommended that the operator carefully read through the instructions in the manual of
the (delivered) generator and follow the manufacturer’s advice right down to the last
detail.
4.13 Crank
The gas turbine crank mode enables the turbine to be brought up to a sufficient speed for
compressor washing. In this case only the turbine start-up system is activated, without
any fuel supply or ignition taking place.
CAUTION
It is not allowed to use the CRANK sequence for a quick cooling of the gas turbine.
Instructions on gas turbine washing are in the «Maintenance» chapter.
The turbine can only be operated if the plant is in the

«READY TO START» or
«POST LUBE SEQUENCE».
The machine must be in local control mode.
4.13.1 Start of the cranking process:

The cranking process is initiated in the “Main Commands” menu with the button.
Crank

«CRANK SEQUENCE».
4.13.1.1 Pre-ventilation
This sequence is identical to that one of the start procedure.

«CRANK SEQUENCE» and
If the turbine is in postlubrication sequence, the preventilation is not carried out.
4.13.1.2 Emergency lubrication pump test

If the turbine is in postlubrication sequence, the emergency lubrication pump test is not
carried out.

«LUBE OIL PRESSURE CHECK» and then
«START SEQUENCE»
If the turbine is in postlubrication sequence, the prelube sequence is not carried out.
4.13.1.4 Cranking

«CRANKING»
4.13.1.5 Washing release
Even if there is no intention to wash the compressor, a message is issued indicating that
washing with water is permitted at this time:
«WATER WASH ALLOWED»
The Operator terminates the cranking sequence.
4.13.1.6 End of cranking
The cranking process is stopped in the “Main Commands” menu, with the button.
Stop

«STOP SEQUENCE».
The start-up system is switched off, and the turbine reduces its speed.
The turbine switches to the normal stopping sequence consisting of deceleration, turning
,if any, and postlubrication
4.14 Compressor washing
To restore the full efficiency of the gas turbine, which may be deteriorated by dirt in the
compressor, compressor washing should be carried out at regular intervals.
There are two washing processes:
• Gas turbine cold washing by turning the gas turbine without combustion ("offline" washing).
• Gas turbine washing during operation and under load ("online" washing).
CAUTION
When washing the gas turbine the instructions in the "Maintenance" chapter are to be followed
exactly.
4.14.1 Off-line compressor washing

This section only describes the operating sequences for the activation of gas turbine
washing. For the execution of the complete gas turbine washing the operator must follow
the instructions contained in chapter "Maintenance" exactly.
CAUTION
Before the start of gas turbine washing at least 8 (eight) hours must have elapsed since the plant
was shut down; the average exhaust gas temperature (T5) must be less than 65°C.
• Prepare the washing process, according to maintenance instructions.

• Start of the cranking process
Because of the standstill for the cool down and the preparation works to be done prior to
wash the compressor , the turbine is usually is in stand-by «READY TO START» and no
postlube sequence is ongoing.
The cranking process is initiated in the “Main Commands” menu with the button.
Crank

«CRANK SEQUENCE».
4.14.1.1 Pre-ventilation

4.14.1.2 Emergency lubrication pump test


«CRANK SEQUENCE» and only during the check
«LUBE OIL PRESSURE CHECK» and then
«CRANK SEQUENCE»
4.14.1.4 Cranking

«CRANKING»
4.14.1.5 Washing release
A message is issued indicating that washing with water is permissible at this time:
«WATER WASH ALLOWED».
4.14.1.6 To start the washing process:
The washing process is initiated in the “Maintenance Commands” menu with the button.
Water wash on
The control system checks the external temperature.

If the external temperature is lower than 7°C the operator is first asked whether washing
should nonetheless take place (antifreeze required) and following message may be
issued:
«WATER WASH ALLOWED» and
«AIR TEMP. LOW – ADD ANTIFREEZE AGENT TO WATER!».
This decision – to carry out washing or not – is taken by the operator on his own
responsibility.
The operator has two minutes time to decide.
The choice is logged in the control system.
Following message appears:
«WATER WASH IN PROGRESS»
At this moment follow the procedure described in the chapter “Maintenance“: washing
with the lance.
To terminate the washing process:
The washing process is terminated either automatically by means of the pressure switch
PS1545 indicating that the tank is emptied or manually by the operator in the “
Maintenance Commands ” menu with the button.
Water wash off

«CRANK SEQUENCE».
The turbine keeps on running in the CRANK mode.
The gas turbine can be stopped by terminating the cranking sequence.
4.14.1.7 End of cranking
The cranking process is stopped in the “Main Commands” menu, with the button.
Stop

«STOP SEQUENCE».
The start-up system is switched off, and the turbine reduces its speed.
The turbine switches to the normal stopping sequence consisting of deceleration, turning
,if any, and postlubrication
4.14.2 On-line compressor washing
This section only describes the operating sequences for the activation of gas turbine
washing. For the execution of the complete gas turbine washing the operator must follow
the instructions contained in chapter "Maintenance".
• Prepare the washing process, according to maintenance instructions.

• Washing release
The turbine is in operation at nominal speed, better with load: see chapter "Maintenance".
4.14.2.1 To start the washing process:
The washing process is initiated in the “ Maintenance Commands ” menu with the button.
Water wash on
The control system checks the external temperature. If the external temperature is lower
than 7°C it’s impossible to carry out the on-line washing.
Beside the corresponding service message (ready to charge or in operation) following

message appears:
«WATER WASH IN PROGRESS»
The sequence is manually ended by the operator.
4.14.2.2 To terminate the washing process:
If the washing sequence is still running, the washing process may be terminated in the
“Maintenance Commands ” menu with the button.
Water wash off
4.15 Remote Control
In accordance with the planned system for the project, it is possible to remotely control
the gas turbine using remote turbine supervision systems or a master computer via a
serial connection.
In both cases the gas turbine control cabinet must be correctly configured so that the
remote control can be activated.
• Check that the control selection is set to “Remote“.
• If this is not t he case, you mus t first push the button to inform th e control system that the
machine is to be controlled “remotely“.
Remote
The button is shown to be activated, which allows you to see at any time whether the
machine is being controlled “locally” or “remotely”.
In “Remote” mode only commands are accepted which are given by
• the remote control PC via serial interface or
• the upper-level control system by means of hardware wiring.
As with the local start-up procedure, all active alarms can be reset.
Pushing the button resets all the alarms.
Reset

If an alarm that represents a shutdown condition is still active, the plant cannot be
started. In this case it is necessary first to remove the cause of the alarm. If the plant is
fault-free, the control system switches to the ready state.
In normal cases the following functions can be controlled by remote control:
1. START Gas turbine Start

2. STOP Gas turbine Stop
3. QUIET Acknowledge and cancel acoustic alarms
4. RESET Reset alarms
5. GAS Select operation with gas fuel
6. LIQUID Select operation with liquid fuel
The following functions are only available via the serial connection:
7. SYNC_ENB Start synchronization

8. SYNC_BRK Abort synchronization
9. SET kW Change the set point for active power
10. SET Speed Change the set point for turbine speed
4.15.1 Remote Controlled Start-up Procedure
Once activation has taken place the start-up sequence runs fully automatically, as
described in the local start-up sequence.
• Select fuel
• Initiate start
4.15.2 Remote Controlled Synchronization Procedure

The synchronization procedure runs fully automatically, as described in the
corresponding local synchronization.
In remote control mode, as in local mode it is possible to initiate the synchronization
sequences with the corresponding commands.
• Automatic or manual synchro
• Start and stop synchro
• Select/deselect generator CB auto.
• Close and open generator circuit breaker
• Synchro test on and off
4.15.3 Remote Controlled Stopping Procedure

Once activation has taken place the stopping sequence runs fully automatically, as
described in the corresponding section on local stopping the plant.
4.16 Operational Malfunctions
Certain conditions represent deviations from normal turbine operation. If the following
malfunction symptoms are detected, corrective measures must be taken.
4.16.1 Compressor Surging

On all turbines a surging of the turbine compressor can occur under certain conditions.
Transient conditions in the fuel or air systems can lead to turbine surging, which is
identified by the noises and conditions described below:
Surging in the lower speed range can be recognized by the fact that the turbine does not
accelerate, that exhaust gas temperatures are higher than usual and that a rattling or
fluttering noise can be heard.
Surging in the upper speed range can be recognized by loud rumbling and/or bangs as
well as the incapacity of the turbine to accelerate to its rated speed.
If surging occurs, the turbine should be immediately shut down, in order to prevent a
rapid and harmful rise in temperature. When the turbine has come to a standstill, a restart
can be attempted in the usual manner. If surging reoccurs, specific troubleshooting
should be carried out.
4.16.2 Generator Overheating and Vibration

Under certain conditions generator overloading may occur.
The normal temperature rise in the generator windings is specified in the generator
manual. Always check the winding temperatures.
Overheating may be caused by conditions such as high ambient temperatures,
insufficient circulation of air as a result of unsuitable or obstructed air cooling,
overloading, excessive field current, contaminated or insufficient supply of lubricating oil
and worn bearings. If the excessive temperature persists, the plant must be shut down
and the cause determined.
An increase in generator vibration during operation must always be investigated. Check
the generator for misalignment, warping of the shafts, friction between fixed and rotating
parts etc.

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4 DESCRIPTION OF OPERATING SEQUENCES

4.2 Starting the gas turbine 6

4.2.2 Switching on the control system 10

4.2.3 Local start-up procedure, gas fuel 13

4.2.4 Local start-up procedure, liquid fuel 18

4.3.2 Synchronization test 29

4.3.3 Direct insertion of the generator circuit breaker 30

4.4 Operating modes and load charging 31

4.4.2 Frequency mode operation 33

4.5 Gas turbine operation 35

4.5.2 Generator settings and adjustment during operation 35

4.6 Turbine stopping 37

4.6.2 Emergency shut-down (manual push button) 39

4.7 Safety procedure for fire alarm 41

4.7.2 Fire system operation 42

4.7.3 Operator container inspection and action 48

4.7.4 Precaution during maintenance works 51

4.7.5 Re-establishment of the unit after the discharge of extinguishing agents 51

4.8 Safety procedure for gas alarm 52

4.8.2 Gas monitor system failure 53

4.8.3 Gas leakage warning 54

4.8.4 Gas leakage alarm 55

4.9 Turning and postlubrication 56

4.10 Turbogenerator alarms 58

4.10.3 W-xxx Warning 59

4.10.4 A-xxx Alarm with Normal Turbine Stop 59

4.10.5 S-xxx Alarm with Quick Shutdown 59

4.11 Taking the Plant out of Operation (weeks) 60

4.12 Plant Shutdown (months) 61

4.14 Compressor washing 65

4.14.2 On-line compressor washing 69

4.15 Remote Control 70

4.15.2 Remote Controlled Synchronization Procedure 71

4.15.3 Remote Controlled Stopping Procedure 71

4.16 Operational Malfunctions 72

4.16.2 Generator Overheating and Vibration 72

In addition, remarks on Chapter “Safety” must be observed.

4.2.1 Checks prior to start

4.2.1.1 Turbogenerator set

4.2.1.3 Oil cooler

4.2.1.4 Electrical supply

Dangerous explosive conditions can occur if:

activates the control system.

The information window displays

resets all the alarms.

4.2.2.4 Mode selection: local , remote

4.2.2.5 Ready for start

The information window displays

4.2.3.1 Fuel selection

Pushing the button

4.2.3.2 Starting the turbine

Pushing the button

starts the machine.

The start-up sequence runs fully automatically.

• The information window displays

• Emergency lubrication pump test

4.2.3.3.3. Gas valve tightness check

Verify that the generator voltage is at nominal level.

4.2.4.1 Fuel selection

Pushing the button

4.2.4.2 Starting the turbine

Pushing the button

starts the machine.