PHYSICS PROJECT

ACADEMIC YEAR: 2020-21

TOPIC: TESLA COIL

STUDENT NAME: KSHITIJ SINGH AND ASHMIT SINHA

CLASS: XII

BOARD ROLL NO:

CERTIFICATE:
1
This is to certify that the project titled: “Tesla Coil” is a bonafide work
of master KSHITIJ SINGH AND ASHMIT SINHA towards the
requirement of physics investigatory Project in AISSCE 2021
examination. The examination was conducted under the supervision
of Mrs Bindu Unnikrishnan, Physics PGT.

INTERNAL EXAMINAR EXTERNAL EXAMINAR

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT:

2
I would like to express my special thanks of gratitude to my Physics
teacher, Sheetal Ma’am as well as my principal, Nirmal Waddan who
gave us the golden opportunity to do this wonderful project on Tesla
coil.

For making this project I had to do a lot of research which helped me

learn and grasp interesting concepts of physics. The project further
helped to enhance our zeal and passion for the subject!

Secondly I would also like to thank my parents and friends who

helped me in finalizing this project within the limited time frame.

3
 INDEX:

PAGE NO TITLE
2 CERTIFICATE

3 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

5 AIM OF THIS PROJECT

6 MATERIALS USED

7 INTRODUCTION

8-11 CONTENT

12 OBSERVATIONS

13 RESULTS

14 APPLICATIONS

15 BIBLIOGRAPHY

AIM OF THIS PROJECT:

4
Objective :
To research and analyse the effects, application and advantages of
using tesla coil, supported buy building a practical working model on
a smaller scale.

Materials Used-
5
 Copper wire
 Transistor
 Resistor
 Switch
 Battery
 Aluminium wire
 Aluminium foil
 Cardboard for base
 PVC Pipe
 Fluorescent lamp

INTRODUCTION:

6
The term Tesla coil inherently contains an element of genius within it.
This technological wonder prides itself in being named after one of
the most prolific and mysterious scientists in history—Nikola Tesla.
Nikola Tesla is credited as the pioneer who championed the use of
Alternating Current (A.C.) and has a list of other inventions under his
belt that have truly transformed the world. However, there was one
idea that Tesla was simply obsessed with—the free delivery and
transmission of wireless energy.

CONTENT:

7
1)Procedure for construction of tesla coil:

 We have to spool a copper wire on the PVC pipe, making a space

from the edges for about 0,5 cm.
 We then fix the wire with scotch for it not to unspool. After you
have spooled the wire you need to fixate the second end with
scotch tape to prevent it from unspooling. That’s all, the coil is
ready, we then stick it to the piece of laminate with glue.
 Then stick the switch, the transistor and the connector.
 We then move to wires connection. A lower copper wire is
connected to the central transistor contact.
 Connect a resistor to it.
 Solder an upper end of the secondary spooling cable to the
resistor.
 Another end of the secondary spooling we solder to the right
contact of the transistor.
 Then connect the contact of the resistor with the wire of the
secondary spooling to the contact of the switch.
 Solder red wire of a 9-Volt battery connector which is plus to the
middle switch connector.
 A black (minus) wire is soldered to the left contact of the
transistor.
 Mini Tesla coil is ready. We take a fluorescent lamp and test it.

2)OPERATION OF THE TESLA COIL:

8
A Tesla Coil is a radio frequency oscillator that drives a double-tuned
resonant transformer to produce high voltages with low currents.
Now, to better understand what a radio frequency oscillator is, let’s
take one further step back to first understand an electronic
oscillator. An electronic oscillator is primarily an electronic circuit
that produces an osmicating electrical signal, which is often a sine
wave or a square wave. Oscillators convert direct current from a
power supply to an alternating current signal. An electronic oscillator
that produces signals in the radio frequency range (100kHz to
100GHz) is called a radio frequency oscillator.

A resonant transformer works on the concept of resonant inductive

coupling, where the secondary coil in the transformer is loosely
coupled, so it resonates. The special aspect of the resonant
transformer is that either one or both the circuits present in the
transformer consists of a capacitor connected in parallel to it. This
coupling of the transformer circuit and the capacitor turns it into a
tuning circuit. A tuning circuit or LC circuit is used either for
generating signals at a particular frequency or picking out a signal at
a particular frequency from a more complex signal, which is also
known as a bandpass filter.

Whether you compare the first patented model or the more modern
ones, there is one commonality that you will find in all of them—the
spark gap. The functionality of the spark gap is to excite the
oscillated electrical signal from the resonant circuit. The unique
design of the coil ensures that there are low resistive energy losses at
high voltages, which the Tesla Coil produces.

3)MATHEMATICAL NUANCES OF THE TESLA COIL:

9
There are three important mathematical nuances or
foundations upon which the operation of the Tesla Coil is built. The
two main features are the oscillating frequency and the output
voltage. First, let’s take a look at the oscillating frequency. To
produce the largest amount of voltage possible from a Tesla Coil, it
must be ensured that the primary and secondary circuits of the
resonance transformer are tuned to resonate with each other. The
resonant frequencies of the primary and secondary circuits are
defined by f1 and f2. Usually, the secondary circuit frequency (f2)
cannot be adjusted. However, the primary can be adjusted with the
help of a tap. The conditions for resonance are given below:

Unlike conventional transformers, the output voltage of the

resonance transformer is not directly proportional to the number-of-
turns ratio, as in the case of an ordinary transformer. It can be
calculated through the conservation of energy. When the cycle
begins, and the spark starts all of the energy from the primary
circuit, W1 is stored in the capacitor C1.  If V1 is the voltage at which
the spark gap breaks down, which is usually close to the peak output
voltage of the supply transformer T, this energy is:

Once the energy level crosses 85% capacity, it transfers over to the
secondary circuit. At the peak energy level of the system, the voltage
on the secondary side is V2, the energy stored is W2, and the
capacitor on the secondary circuit is C2. Assuming that no energy
losses occur, W1 and W2 will be equal. This shows that the loss of
energy by transmitting it wirelessly could have theoretically been
kept to a minimum.

10
SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM OF TESLA COIL:

OBSERVATIONS:

11
The tesla coil designed by us had 200 turns of the copper wire and 3
turns of the aluminium wire around the cardboard core.

Power generated by the tesla coil was enough to light up 2-3

fluorescent bulbs, at a moment, due to the strong electromagnetic
fields produced.

With an average 9V battery the Tesla Coil we made could last 30-40
mins, producing the strong electromagnetic fields efficiently.

 If the number of turns (of the copper wire) was increased, a

stronger electromagnetic field is generated.

 If a stronger battery is used, a stronger electromagnetic field is

generated.

RESULT:

12
Through using this tesla coil, we figured out various
advantages of using this on a larger scale, they are as follows :

ADVANTAGES:
 Non-radiative energy transfer is safe for people and animals.
 Wastage of power is less.
 Highly resonant strong coupling provides high efficiency over
distance.
 Does not interfere with radio waves.

We also figured out some of the shortcomings of the Tesla Coil . they
are as followed:

CHALLENGES/ HOW CAN IT BE IMPROVED :

• Transmissions possible only in few meters

• Possibility of energy theft.

• Efficiency decreases with distance

• The resonance condition should be satisfied and if any error exists,

there is no possibility of power transfer.

APPLICATIONS:

13
With this device you can do many things such as:

-Wirelessly transmit electricity.

-Shoot lightning bolts.

-Electrify the body.

-Make lightning music.

-Make electron winds.

-Vacuum system leak detector.

-Also used in many fields such as for entertainment and music.

BIBLOGRAPHY:

14
Websites Used:
 www.techblog.com
 www.researchgate.net
 www.realclearscience.com
 www.nationalmaglab.org
 www.youtube.com

Books used:
 Class 12th Physics CBSE Book: part 1
 Class 12th Physics CBSE Book: part 2

Newspapers Used:
 The Times Of India.

15