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Physiologic Monitoring Systems, Acute Care Neonatal ECG Monitors Monitors, Central Station
Physiologic Monitoring Systems, Acute Care Neonatal ECG Monitors Monitors, Central Station
Purpose
Depending on their configuration, physiologic monitoring systems measure and display waveforms and
numerical data for various parameters, including ECG, respiratory rate, noninvasive blood pressure (NIBP) and
invasive blood pressure (IBP) (systolic, diastolic, and mean), body temperature, arterial hemoglobin oxygen
saturation (SpO2), mixed venous oxygenation (SvO2), cardiac
output, end-tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO2), intracranial
UMDNS Information
pressure, and airway gas concentrations (particularly during
the administration of anesthesia). Continuous monitoring is a This Product Comparison covers the following device
valuable tool that helps provide additional information to the terms and product codes as listed in ECRI Institute’s
Universal Medical Device Nomenclature System™
medical and nursing staff about the physiologic condition of (UMDNS™):
the patient. Using this information, the clinical staff can better Monitoring Systems, Physiologic [12-636]
Monitoring Systems, Physiologic, Acute Care [12-647]
evaluate a patient’s condition and make appropriate treatment Monitors, Bedside, Electrocardiography [12-599]
decisions. Monitors, Bedside, Physiologic, Configured [20-172]
Monitors, Bedside, Physiologic, Modular [20-171]
The ECG represents the electrical activity of the heart and Monitors, Bedside, Physiologic, Modular/Configured [20-173]
reveals major changes in heart rate (HR) and cardiac rhythm, Monitors, Bedside, Physiologic, Neonatal [15-791]
Monitors, Central Station [20-179]
including arrhythmias and asystole. ECG disturbances can be
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Physiologic Monitoring Systems, Acute Care; Neonatal; ECG Monitors; Monitors, Central Station
caused by changes in electrolyte concentrations and acid-base balance, increased metabolic activity, neurologic
changes, hypoxemia, hypothermia, ischemia, and drug reactions.
Blood pressure measurement, either invasive or noninvasive, is an essential indicator of physiologic condition.
As one of the most frequently used diagnostic tests, it indicates changes in blood volume, the pumping efficiency
of the heart, and the resistance of the peripheral vasculature.
Monitoring body temperature is important
in cases of hypothermia or hyperthermia,
during general anesthesia, and especially during
surgical procedures requiring induced
hypothermia. Body temperature is also
important in monitoring neonates because the
body temperature reading of a neonate reflects
the general metabolic condition and the
presence of infection. The body temperature of
all neonates cared for in an incubator or radiant
warmer should also be monitored.
Although respiratory rate is monitored on
many patients, neonatal respiratory rate
monitoring is used primarily to detect apnea
(cessation of breathing), a condition to which
premature and low-birth-weight infants are
particularly susceptible.
Monitors also offer pulse oximetry, which
provides a rapid indication of a patient’s changing level of oxygenation, an indicator of effective ventilation. Pulse
oximetry allows continuous and instantaneous monitoring of SpO 2 and may reduce the need for arterial puncture
and laboratory blood-gas analysis. Pulse oximetry provides a quick check of the ventilatory status of neonates. It
is especially helpful for monitoring neonates on oxygen (O2) therapy and is essential in caring for ventilator-
dependent patients.
Monitors for transcutaneous oxygen concentration (tcpO2) and transcutaneous carbon dioxide concentration
(tcpCO2), used primarily with neonates, also provide a noninvasive method for assessing the partial pressure of
O2 and carbon dioxide (CO2) in the body and can supplement or, in some cases, be used as an alternative to
periodic arterial puncture and blood-gas analysis. SpO2 values are critical in neonatal monitoring for avoiding
hypoxemia and hyperoxemia; blood CO2 values assess the body’s ability to eliminate CO2 and avoid hypocapnia
or hypercapnia.
For related information on individually monitored parameters, see the following Product Comparisons:
Apnea Monitors
Carbon Dioxide Monitors, Exhaled Gas
Carbon Dioxide Monitors, Transcutaneous; Oxygen Monitors, Transcutaneous
EEG Monitors; Electroencephalographs
Electrocardiographs, Multichannel; Interpretive
Multiple Medical Gas Monitors, Respired/Anesthetic
Oximeters, Pulse
Sphygmomanometers, Electronic, Automatic
Temperature Monitors, Electronic, Patient
Thermometers, Electronic, Thermistor/Thermocouple, Patient
Principles of operation
Physiologic monitors can be configured, modular, or both. Configured monitors have all their capabilities
already built-in. Modular systems feature individual modules for each monitoring parameter or group of
parameters; these modules can be used in any combination with each bedside monitor or be interchanged from
monitor to monitor. Some physiologic monitoring systems have the capabilities of both modular and configured
systems. With these monitors, frequently used parameters (e.g., ECG) are configured to the monitor, but modules
can be added to expand monitoring capabilities. The
addition of new monitoring capabilities, such as blood
chemistry, allows both modular and configured-
modular systems to accommodate advancing
technologies.
Many physiologic monitoring systems include a
central station capable of displaying ECG waveforms
and other information from any bedside within the
system, and many are equipped with alarms that are
coordinated with those at the bedside monitor. Central
monitoring stations can receive signals from bedside
monitors via cables (hardwired) or radio waves/radio-
frequency communication (wireless). Hardwired
networks have more reliable signal transmission and
can provide flexibility if network connection points are
installed at each bedside so that bedside monitors can Figure 1. A typical ECG signal consists of a number of pulses; the
be moved from bedside to bedside. However, for some P wave, QRS complex, and T wave are shown. The duration and
amplitude of these pulses are clinically significant because they
facilities, the cable installation required for a
correspond directly to the condition of the conduction pathways of
hardwired system may not be practical or cost- the heart.
effective. In these cases, a wireless system may be a
good alternative; wireless networks also allow the bedside monitor to be moved anywhere within transmission
range, offering increased flexibility.
Telemetric monitoring systems, which are wireless, allow the patient to be moved within the transmission
range without being disconnected from central station monitoring and eliminate cables linking the patient to the
monitor. For more information, see the Product Comparison titled Physiologic Monitoring Systems, Telemetric;
ECG Monitors, Telemetric; Monitors, Central Station.
Two types of transport can be considered—intrahospital and interhospital. Intrahospital transport monitoring
is required to maintain monitoring when a patient is transported within the hospital, such as for testing or
transfer to another area of the hospital (e.g., from the emergency department [ED] to the OR). Interhospital
transport involves transporting a patient from one healthcare facility to another.
Some of the available monitoring parameters are ECG, arrhythmia, IBP, NIBP, cardiac output, ETCO 2, SpO2,
SvO2, electroencephalogram (EEG), fraction of inspired oxygen, temperature, bispectral index (BIS), and
respiratory rate. Some models designed for neonates also measure tcpO2 and tcpCO2. Models designed for use in
the OR also have anesthetic-agent monitoring capabilities (see the Product Comparison titled Multiple Medical
Gas Monitors, Respired/Anesthetic).
The ECG monitor detects small voltages of about 1 mV that appear on the skin as a result of cardiac activity.
Several electrodes, arranged in standard configurations called leads, are placed on the skin to sense these
voltages. At least two electrodes are required for an ECG lead; a third electrode is used as a reference to reduce
electrical interference. Each lead presents a different perspective of the electrical activity of the heart, producing
ECG waveforms in which P waves, QRS complex, and T waves vary in amplitude and polarity (see Figure 1). The
signals from the different leads provide the clinician with a complete representation of the electrical activity of the
heart, including the HR, which is interpreted as the R-to-R interval. The timing and waveshape of the ECG
provide information on whether the patient’s HR is characterized by arrhythmias or other altered functions
requiring treatment (e.g., medication, emergency resuscitation). The ECG is also used to monitor the effects of
infusing antiarrhythmia or cardiotonic agents.
Blood pressure, the force exerted by the blood
against the blood vessel walls, is more reliable than
an ECG signal in assessing effective pumping of
blood by the heart. Blood pressure monitors
commonly measure arterial pressure, which is
produced by the contractions of the heart and
constantly changes over the course of the cardiac
cycle. Three blood pressure values, expressed in
millimeters of mercury (mm Hg) above
atmospheric pressure, are typically obtained. The
systolic pressure is the maximum cycle pressure,
which occurs during left ventricular contraction.
The diastolic pressure is the minimum cycle
pressure, occurring during the left ventricle’s filling
stage between contractions. The mean arterial
pressure is the mean value of the blood pressure over the cardiac cycle (see Figure 2).
IBP is measured by a catheter inserted directly into the circulatory system. In neonates, the catheter is typically
inserted directly into the umbilical vein. A pressure transducer connected to the catheter converts the mechanical
force exerted by the blood into an electrical signal, which is displayed graphically as pressure versus time on a
monitor screen or numerically on a meter or digital display.
The most common automated method of measuring NIBP is the oscillometric method, in which an inflatable
cuff is wrapped around the patient’s limb. The arterial pulses create pressure fluctuations in a bladder within the
cuff; these fluctuations are detected by a
transducer (which is part of the monitor)
connected to the cuff’s hose. Another method is
the auscultatory method, which, along with
sensing pressure in the cuff, uses a microphone to
detect Korotkoff sounds.
Body temperature is usually measured by a
thermistor probe (a semiconductor whose
resistance changes with temperature) that is
inserted in the rectum or the esophagus.
There are various ways to measure respiratory
rate. The most common method, impedance
pneumography, passes a low-current, high-
frequency carrier signal between two ECG
electrodes on either side of the chest wall. The
impedance, or resistance, of the lungs changes as
the lungs expand and contract and as the volume
of air in the lungs changes. The change in
impedance creates a change in voltage across the Figure 2. Relationship of the aortic pressure waveforms to the ECG
carrier signal, which is interpreted as a breath waveform. The QRS complex is shown in the box.
and displayed as a waveform and digital readout
of the respiratory rate. Other, less common methods include placing a pressure-sensitive capsule on the abdomen
to detect body surface movements caused by breathing; placing a thermistor near the mouth or nose to detect the
temperature changes between inhaled and exhaled air; and using inductive plethysmography in which a
transponder attached to the chest wall generates and detects changes in an electromagnetic field.
The respiratory rate monitor may also include an apnea alarm that is triggered if no breaths are detected over a
period of time predetermined by the user. (All neonatal monitors include apnea alarms.) If breathing resumes
spontaneously, the monitor will reset itself, but a light indicating that an apneic episode occurred may remain on
until reset manually.
ETCO2 monitoring measures the concentration of CO2 throughout the respiratory cycle and is used to
determine CO2 concentration at the end of an exhaled breath, when CO2 has reached its maximum level. CO2
monitoring is also a means of determining the respiratory rate. Two types of CO 2 monitors are the capnometer
and the capnograph. Capnometers continuously measure CO2 and numerically display data, while capnographs
measure the increase and decrease in CO2 during each inspiratory/expiratory cycle and display both a CO2
waveform and numerical data. A capnometer connected to a patient monitor becomes a capnograph. For more
information, see the Product Comparison titled Carbon Dioxide Monitors, Exhaled Gas.
For thermal-dilution cardiac output (CO), a known volume of
saline or dextrose solution, the temperature of which is lower
than that of the blood, is rapidly injected through a catheter into
the right atrium. The solution mixes with venous blood, causing
it to cool slightly. The cooled blood is then pumped by the right
ventricle into the pulmonary artery, where it passes a
thermistor, which measures the change in blood temperature.
The signal from the thermistor is processed, and a thermal
dilution curve, from which CO and other hemodynamic
parameters are derived (e.g., cardiac index, stroke volume), is
displayed.
Pulse oximeters provide a noninvasive and continuous
means of monitoring the SpO2 of arterial blood, reducing the
need for arterial puncture and laboratory blood-gas analysis.
The pulse oximeter uses two LEDs (light-emitting diodes) that emit different wavelengths of light through a
capillary bed by means of a probe (usually placed over the adult patient’s fingertip, earlobe, or toe or the
neonate’s foot). A detector measures the amount of light absorbed by oxyhemoglobin and deoxyhemoglobin. The
transmitted light is converted to electronic signals proportional to the absorbance values, from which SpO 2 values
are calculated and displayed.
SvO2 is most commonly monitored for very critically ill patients and trauma patients or during and after
coronary artery bypass graft procedures. SvO2 measures the end result of O2 delivery and consumption. A normal
SvO2 value represents O2 delivery sufficient to meet physiologic demands. A low SvO2 value indicates an
increased physiologic demand or an insufficient supply.
A few neonatal units also monitor the tcpO2 and/or tcpCO2 in the blood. Both O2 and CO2 diffuse through the
skin and pass through the semipermeable membrane of a heated sensor into a chamber, where they are measured
by chemical or optical means.
Physiologic monitors are often equipped with alarms that indicate system faults (usually loose or defective
electrodes), physiologic parameters that have exceeded the limits set by the operator, or both. Some monitors
have the capability to automatically switch the ECG lead waveform display when an ECG lead-off event occurs,
preventing the ECG waveform display from disabling.
In critical care areas where a central station monitor is required, the central station should be capable of
displaying ECG waveforms and other information from any bedside within that specific area. It should also
alarm when set limits on any bedside monitor within the system are exceeded. Central station monitors should be
capable of simultaneously displaying all waveforms from any one patient without interrupting the display of any
other patient’s ECG waveform. Communications capability between the central station and each bedside monitor
is essential. Documentation of alarm events can be provided using a recorder at each bedside or by having an
adequate number of recorders or printers at the central station. Also, alarm events may be stored at the central
station for later review.
Full disclosure
Full disclosure (FD) is the ability to continuously store beat-to-beat physiologic waveforms over an extended
period of time (e.g., 24 to 96 hours) for future review. FD is either incorporated in or interfaced with the central
monitoring station. FD waveforms can be viewed on computer screens in compressed or actual-time-based
format. Some systems allow FD records to be searched by time and/or event. Using FD may reduce the length of
stay for patients by allowing clinicians to review a patient’s condition over an extended time period to help
decide whether to discharge that patient.
Reported problems
Problems associated with patient monitors are often user-related. Poor electrode preparation and attachment
are most commonly reported. Electrodes, especially those with heating elements in the sensors (e.g., for tcpO2 and
tcpCO2 measurements), should be repositioned periodically to avoid burns and skin irritation. Clinicians should
follow standards for electrode use established by the American Heart Association. Cables and lead wires should
be periodically inspected for breaks and cracks; they should also be replaced as needed or on a regular schedule.
Loss of patient alarms, misleading alarms, and parameter errors have been the causes of most monitor recalls.
Users have experienced problems with monitors resetting automatically when interfaced as part of a larger
monitoring network, such as a central station network. Most of these problems stem from improper installation or
incompatible hardware or software. Software “bugs” can also cause some anomalies.
The use of pulse oximeters can be limited by interference from electrosurgical units, which generate high-
frequency signals that can radiate to a pulse oximeter probe and interfere with its operation. Because they are
designed to measure weak light signals transmitted through the skin, the photodetectors in the sensor can be
affected by high-intensity light (e.g., from fluorescent lights) as well as by other light sources such as surgical
lights, radiant warmers, bilirubin lights, and sunlight. Placing an opaque cover over the probe frequently
eliminates such interference, but clinicians must remain alert to the potential problems. Also, ECRI Institute has
received reports of burns to patients resulting from use of the wrong probe. Users should verify that probes and
pulse oximeters are compatible. In addition, it is best to remove any nail polish from the patient’s fingernails
before applying the probe because certain nail polish colors can interfere with SpO 2 measurements.
Incidents have been reported in which ECG lead wires were plugged into 120-volt electrical extension cords
and detachable power cords. In the United States, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration requires the use of
protected electrode lead wires and patient cables for all medical devices (there are some exceptions) to prevent
shock to patients. The use of any patient lead that cannot be plugged into an electrical wall receptacle, extension
cord, or detachable power cord and does not make electrical contact will prevent such incidents.
Wireless networks are limited by signal transmission range and interference; filters prevent the loss of a trace
caused by artifacts or by instances of electrical interference from other devices in the area (e.g., an electrosurgical
unit).
In neonatal monitors, impedance pneumography is intended to identify central apneas, yet it does not work
reliably for obstructive apneas. The HR alarm is intended to warn of a patient in distress when the respiratory
rate detection mechanism fails to detect apnea. Cardiac artifacts can also interfere with reliable detection of
respiratory efforts.
Electronic monitors may tempt hospital personnel to pay more attention to the equipment than to the patient
connected to it. External indications of a patient’s condition, such as skin color, respiratory effort, and staining of
surgical dressings, often precede the changes in metabolism that trigger the monitor’s alarms. Even monitors that
are functioning reliably cannot substitute for frequent direct observation. Physiologic monitors are a tool to help
the healthcare professional obtain a more complete clinical profile of the patient.
ECRI Institute has received several inquiries from member hospitals regarding how outbreaks of computer
worms could affect their networked medical equipment. Some worms have the potential to affect any product
that runs on a Windows-based operating system, such as Windows XP or Windows NT, and that is Web enabled
or e-mail capable or interfaced to a Web-enabled or e-mail-capable system. Worms differ from viruses in that they
do not need another program or file in order to replicate. The autonomous nature of worms makes them
dangerous to networked medical equipment because once a worm infects one part of the network, it can quickly
spread to all parts of the network without needing a user to open an infected file on a specific computer. Once the
worm infects a personal-computer-based medical device, it can cause damage in many ways, from slowing down
or crashing the system to erasing records. Operating system and security software used on networked medical
equipment should be updated regularly. However, updates and patches, especially for medical device operating
systems, may introduce new problems because of site-specific circumstances or the medical device supplier’s use
of custom versions of operating systems. In one recent case, an equipment supplier cautioned a facility that its
equipment was running a custom version of Windows XP. In this case, applying the Microsoft updates on the
equipment would compromise functionality of the equipment. Therefore, users should check the manufacturer’s
specific recommendations on each potentially affected product. ECRI Institute believes that medical device
manufacturers need to employ a security management system to address security threats to their devices and
provide recommendations to users. This would minimize confusion and save time for system users and, most
importantly, reduce the risk of catastrophic failures from installing an inappropriate update or from a virus or
worm. For more information, see ECRI Institute's Health Devices reference in the bibliography of this report.
Purchase considerations
ECRI Institute recommendations
Included in the accompanying comparison charts are ECRI Institute’s recommendations for minimum
performance requirements for patient monitors. These requirements have been broken down into three
categories: low, medium, and high acuity. These categories represent the care settings in which the systems will
be used and the types of patients they will be monitoring. The level of monitoring required is often highly
configurable to meet the needs of the healthcare facility.
Low-acuity, configured monitors are designed to perform basic vital-signs monitoring. These monitors may
also be appropriate for outpatient surgical applications that require low-level monitoring. For these applications,
HR will often be the primary monitored parameter and can be acquired from an ECG or SpO 2 signal. NIBP and
temperature are also commonly acquired at this level of monitoring.
Medium-acuity monitors are found in a variety of hospital settings, including the ED, the intermediate care
unit, and general medical/surgical floors. These monitors may be modular or configured, with add-on modules as
needed. Depending on the monitor’s portability, it may also be appropriate for transport applications. These
monitors are used for patients that require a moderate level of monitoring. This includes, in addition to the low-
acuity parameters, monitoring of IBP or ETCO2. Arrhythmia processing capabilities may also be beneficial for
these patients, and monitors will often be networked to a central station monitor for alarm surveillance.
High-acuity monitors are found in the critical care unit (CCU) and OR environments, as well as in
postanesthesia care units (PACUs). These monitors may be modular or configured, with add-on modules as
needed. These monitors allow high-level monitoring, including, in addition to the low-acuity parameters,
multiple invasive pressures, ETCO2, and arrhythmia/ST-segment analysis. Other useful parameters include level-
of-consciousness monitoring (e.g., BIS), SvO2, and cardiac output monitoring. CCU and PACU monitors will often
be networked to a central monitoring station, whereas such a configuration may not be necessary in the OR
environment where the patient is closely attended.
Central monitoring stations should have a local area network (LAN)-based system for the display and control
of data from bedside monitors. The LAN should be designed so that the failure of any bedside monitor or central
station display will not affect the performance of the entire system. The system should allow bedside monitor
display of data from another bedside monitor, including automatic display of alarm information. Central stations
should display waveforms, numerics, graphical displays, tabular displays, and calculations. The central station
should provide electronic storage of alarm events.
Other considerations
Monitoring system purchases should be carefully planned and coordinated for the entire facility. Such
purchases should be part of a long-range strategic monitor acquisition and management plan that considers the
hospital’s resources (especially financial), expected and desired patient population, and current technology base.
An effective assessment and purchasing process should be started at least six to eight months before the desired
start-up date of the equipment’s use. The size, and architectural layout of care areas, staffing levels, and
geographic proximity of patient assignments should be considered.
A coordinated three- to five-year long-range plan will provide greater leverage in dealing with manufacturers,
reduce intradepartmental conflicts within the hospital, and ensure that the hospital has explored the best possible
options. Furthermore, it is crucial that priorities be established regarding which monitoring needs are the most
pressing and how important standardization will be. Budget and time constraints should also be considered.
Each clinical area of a hospital requires a different level of patient monitoring. The condition of patients in
critical care areas such as intensive care units, cardiac care units, and neonatal intensive care units can often
change suddenly, requiring monitors that can accommodate the changing needs of the patient. Therefore, the
monitoring needs of these areas usually call for a modular system that displays at least six waveforms. The major
parameters that are usually necessary for monitors in critical care areas include ECG, IBP, NIBP, SpO2,
temperature, cardiac output, and ETCO2. Another purchase consideration for a critical care monitoring system is
an arrhythmia-detection system to identify and track the frequency of arrhythmias and alarm on life-threatening
arrhythmias. All patient data should be available at a central station monitor.
In the OR and PACU, monitors are often used on patients undergoing anesthesia for long and complicated
procedures. Therefore, modular systems are preferred for intensive procedures because of the large number of
parameters that are required and because many parameters can be added to a modular system. For routine OR
procedures, which are shorter and less complex and usually require fewer monitored parameters than intensive
procedures, either a modular or a configured monitoring system may meet the needs of the patient. Monitors
used in both intensive and routine OR procedures should have the capability to be integrated with the anesthesia
monitoring equipment to provide centralized alarm information. Monitoring parameters to be considered for the
OR should include ECG, IBP, NIBP, SpO2, temperature, cardiac output, BIS, and ETCO2; two-lead EEGs may also
be required for some procedures. A bedside recorder may be recommended to provide a hard copy of the ECG
trace for comparison during the case without disrupting the displayed information.
In EDs, the patient’s vital signs must be quickly ascertained and then continually monitored for several hours.
Monitors in these areas must be straightforward and easy to use. Parameters for use in EDs should include ECG,
NIBP, and SpO2; IBP and ETCO2 should also be considered. The ability to monitor 12-lead ECGs and provide ST-
segment analysis can improve cardiac assessment in the ED (e.g., help rule out myocardial infarction). Bedside
recorders or computer printers at central stations may be used in EDs to record alarm events and obtain ECG
strips for the patient’s chart.
During transport, the parameters monitored are usually the same parameters that were monitored in the
originating care area. ECG and SpO2 are most typically monitored; NIBP and respiratory rate monitoring may
also be required. Depending on clinical status, a patient may benefit from ETCO 2, invasive arterial blood
pressure, intracranial pressure, intermittent central venous pressure, pulmonary artery wedge pressure, and
cardiac output monitoring. For both intrahospital and interhospital transport, a monitor that is small and
lightweight and has a battery operating time that is long enough to allow for the longest transports and
unexpected delays is most appropriate. To document events, the monitor should also be equipped with a
recorder. A monitor’s temperature and humidity operating specifications can be important for interhospital
transport.
Alarms on a monitoring system should be carefully evaluated before deciding to acquire the monitoring
system. Patient outcome can be affected if a monitoring system fails to alarm for a critical event. The primary
defense against adverse clinical outcomes is consistent clinical vigilance and alertness, which monitors and
alarms cannot replace. Even when available and properly used, alarms can fail to warn of life-threatening
circumstances. However, when integrated into an appropriate program of patient care and vigilance, alarms can
be instrumental in avoiding patient injury and death.
Another important purchase consideration is whether the monitoring system can be easily interfaced to other
devices, including ventilators, anesthesia units, intravenous pumps, pulse oximeters, and multiple medical-gas
monitoring systems. In addition to interfacing with medical devices, patient monitors may interface with an
information system (e.g., hospital, lab) or allow the monitor to become the bedside information system terminal.
This functionality should be considered in conjunction with current information system infrastructure. The ability
to interface with an information system allows patient information and demographics to be easily shared, as well
as facilitate autopopulation of patient data (e.g., admissions, discharge, transfer [ADT] into radiology results).
Many service issues should be examined when purchasing patient monitors. Hospitals must decide whether
to have monitoring equipment serviced and maintained by in-house clinical engineering staff, an independent
service organization, a supplier’s service contract, or a combination of the three. Often, suppliers offer service
training for clinical engineers; such training should be negotiated when purchasing the system. Another purchase
consideration is the manufacturer’s software and hardware upgrade policies. Also, if service is required off-site,
users should investigate loaner availability.
Standardization should be applied, at minimum, within the department and perhaps hospitalwide. The use of
a single manufacturer to meet all the hospital’s monitoring requirements may reduce initial acquisition costs,
simplify servicing, give leverage when negotiating to resolve problems and obtain updates, and facilitate training.
Hospitals should also consider two-tiered standardization in which one supplier’s system is chosen for higher-
acuity areas (e.g., cardiac care unit) and another supplier’s system is chosen for lower-acuity areas (e.g., general
medical/surgical). If the monitoring demand exceeds the hospital’s expectations based on an average-to-high
number, additional monitoring equipment may be rented at low cost or no charge from the supplier or
distributor; an arrangement of this nature must be negotiated at the time of purchase.
A large range of electrodes is available; users should test a variety of electrodes from multiple suppliers to
determine which provides optimum results for their particular monitor. Price should not be the sole criterion
when purchasing electrodes; cost-effectiveness is negated if lower-priced electrodes must be replaced more often.
ECRI Institute suggests that clinical evaluations be performed on the considered systems before the final
purchase decision to ensure staff acceptance.
Cost containment
Because patient monitors entail ongoing maintenance and operational costs, the initial acquisition cost does not
accurately reflect the total cost of ownership. Therefore, a purchase decision should be based on issues such as
life-cycle cost, local service support, discount rates and non-price-related benefits offered by the supplier, and
standardization with existing equipment in the department or hospital (i.e., purchasing all monitors from one
supplier). When deciding to purchase a physiologic monitoring system, hospitals should also consider the
following:
Stage of development
Because many applications that require measuring a patient’s ECG may also require the measurement of other
parameters, ECG monitors have been replaced with physiologic monitoring systems. The number of parameters
available in physiologic monitoring systems has increased. In addition, parameters such as cardiac output, SvO2,
anesthetic gas concentration, and ETCO2 are available as components for bedside monitors.
The increased density of today’s integrated circuits has decreased the size of patient monitors and has allowed
the incorporation of many parameters into one module. Smaller monitors not only facilitate portability, but also
enable continuous monitoring of a patient, even during transport.
The widespread use of microprocessors and faster electronics has allowed such capabilities as advanced
arrhythmia analysis, automatic calculation of hemodynamic parameters, expanded graphic and tabular trends,
correlation of signals for detecting waveform spikes caused by pacemakers and “false” respiration, and the ability
to integrate bedside monitors with computer systems and other monitoring equipment, such as anesthesia
machines. Self-testing diagnostics have also improved.
Some pulse oximeters use reflectance probes that allow light from LEDs to reflect back to a photosensor on the
same probe. These probes are typically placed on the forehead or chest. They are designed to help prevent
interference from motion artifacts as well as from peripheral circulatory shutdown, which can sometimes occur
when using transmittance probes. New pulse oximeters designed to provide accurate measurements even during
motion artifacts and low perfusion are now available from some suppliers. Through advanced digital signal-
processing techniques, these new pulse oximeters are better able to isolate the arterial blood signal from other
interfering sources. For more information, see the Product Comparison titled Oximeters, Pulse.
Other recent developments include electronic charting systems, which automatically record physiologic data
from the monitor on the chart at preselected intervals, allow entry of nurse and physician notes, and can be
networked into critical care unit data management systems. Some monitors are also Web-enabled, increasing
physicians’ flexibility when interacting with any patient-attached devices. Remote workstations, which allow
physicians to view a patient’s current status or electronic chart from the home or office, have also been
introduced, along with the ability to view an FD ECG report for the past 24 or more hours, which enables a
physician to correlate changes with other physiologic events that occurred during the day.
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Supplier information
Chart A: Bedside/Transport Patient Monitors
ANALOGIC
Analogic Corp [106561]
8 Centennial Dr
Peabody, MA 01960-7902
Phone: (978) 326-4000, (800) 237-2000 Fax: (978) 532-8913
Internet: http://www.analogic.com
E-mail: info@analogic.com
COLIN
OMRON Healthcare Europe bv [177498]
Kruisweg 577
Hoofddorp NL-2132 NA
The Netherlands
Phone: 31 (20) 3548200 Fax: 31 (20) 3548201
Internet: http://www.omron-healthcare.com
E-mail: info.healthcare@eu.omron.com
CRITICARE
Criticare Systems Inc [105174]
20925 Crossroads Circle Suite 100
Waukesha, WI 53186-4054
Phone: (262) 798-8282, (800) 458-4615 Fax: (262) 798-8290
Internet: http://www.csiusa.com
E-mail: customerserv@csiusa.com
DATEX-OHMEDA/GE HEALTHCARE
GE Healthcare Technologies Clinical Systems (Finland) [452811]
Kuortaneenkatu 2 Posti Loaero 300
Helsinki FIN-00031
Finland
Phone: 358 (10) 39411 Fax: 358 (10) 3945566
Internet: http://www.gehealthcare.com
DIGICARE
Digicare Biomedical Technology Inc [237790]
107 Commerce Rd
Boynton Beach, FL 33426
Phone: (561) 689-0408 Fax: (561) 689-0021
Internet: http://www.digicarebiomedical.com
E-mail: sales@digicarebiomedical.com
DIXTAL
Dixtal Tecnologia Industria e Comercio Ltda [174223]
Rua Eng Francisco Pita Brito 703 Caixa Postal 12417
Sao Paulo-SP 04753-080
Brazil
Phone: 55 (11) 55484155 Fax: 55 (11) 55484883
Internet: http://www.dixtal.com.br
DRAEGER MEDICAL
Draeger Medical AG & Co KGaA [374044]
Moislinger Allee 53-55 Postfach 1339
Luebeck D-23542
Germany
Phone: 49 (451) 8820 Fax: 49 (451) 8822080
Internet: http://www.draeger.com
E-mail: birgit.lenz@draeger.com
EKU ELEKTRONIK
EKU Elektronik GmbH [306278]
Am Sportplatz
Leiningen D-56291
Germany
Phone: 49 (6746) 1018 Fax: 49 (6746) 8484
Internet: http://www.eku-elektronik.de
E-mail: info@eku-elektronik.de
EMCO MEDITEK
Emco Meditek Pvt Ltd [287725]
Vasan Udyog Bhavan 1/Fl Unit no 109 off Senapati Bapat Marg Lower Parel (West)
Mumbai 400 013
India
Phone: 91 (22) 24923634 Fax: 91 (22) 24970102
Internet: http://www.emcomeditek.com
E-mail: emeditek@emcomeditek.com
EMTEL
Emtel [185393]
Zamkowa 1
Zabrze PL-41-803
Poland
Phone: 48 (32) 2719013 Fax: 48 (32) 2715727
Internet: http://www.emtel.com.pl
E-mail: medical@emtel.com.pl
FARAFAN
Farafan Engineering Co [295731]
135 E Arghavan Street N Motahari Avenue Darya Boulevard Saadat-abad
Tehran 19988
Iran
Phone: 98 (21) 2092093 Fax: 98 (21) 2061549
Internet: http://www.farafan.com
E-mail: business@farafan.com
FUKUDA DENSHI
Fukuda Denshi Co Ltd [138380]
3-39-4 Hongo Bunkyo-ku
Tokyo 113
Japan
Phone: 81 (3) 56841251 Fax: 81 (3) 38141222
Internet: http://www.fukuda.co.jp
E-mail: info@fukuda.co.jp
GE HEALTHCARE
GE Healthcare Europe [171319]
283 rue de la Miniere boite postale 34
Buc Cedex F-78533
France
Phone: 33 (1) 30704040 Fax: 33 (1) 30709855
Internet: http://www.gehealthcare.com
GE Healthcare UK [401906]
Pollards Wood Nightingales Lane
GOLDWAY
Goldway US Inc [426654]
732 Smithtown Bypass Suite 102B
Smithtown, NY 11787
Phone: (631) 584-6688 Fax: (631) 584-6699
Internet: http://www.goldwayus.com
E-mail: info@goldwayus.com
HME/HUNTLEIGH HEALTHCARE
Huntleigh Healthcare Ltd [272792]
310-312 Dallow Road
Luton LU1 1TD
England
Phone: 44 (1473) 462924 Fax: 44 (1473) 462924
Internet: http://www.huntleigh-healthcare.com
E-mail: sales.admin@huntleigh-healthcare.com
INVIVO
Invivo Corp An Intermagnetics Co [308478]
12501 Research Pkwy
Orlando, FL 32826
Phone: (407) 275-3220, (800) 331-3220 Fax: (407) 249-2022
Internet: http://www.invivocorp.com
E-mail: info@invivocorp.com
LNT MEDICAL
Larsen & Toubro LLC [451506]
1821 Walden Office Sq Suite 400
Schaumburg, IL 60173
Phone: (847) 303-3906 Fax: (847) 303-3901
Internet: http://www.larsentoubro.com
E-mail: bhosalesb@lntebg.com
Larsen & Toubro Ltd (China) Medical Equipment & Systems [451507]
601 Block D Shanghai Everbright Convention & Exhibition Center No 80 Cao Bao Road
Shanghai 200235
People's Republic of China
Phone: 86 (21) 64327390 Fax: 86 (21) 64325157
Internet: http://www.lntmedical.com
E-mail: bhosalesb@lntebg.com
Larsen & Toubro Ltd Medical Equipment & Systems Div [450828]
KIADB Industrial Area Hebbal Hootagalli
Mysore 570 018
India
Phone: 91 (821) 2402561 Fax: 91 (821) 2402468
Internet: http://www.lntmedical.com
E-mail: ebg-med@lntebg.com
MEDRAD
Medrad Inc [105381]
100 Global View Dr
Warrendale, PA 15086
Phone: (412) 767-2400, (800) 633-7231 Fax: (412) 767-4120
Internet: http://www.medrad.com
E-mail: info@medrad.com
MIPM
MIPM Mammendorfer Institut fuer Physik und Medizin GmbH [452046]
Oskar-von-Miller-Strasse 6
Mammendorf/Muenchen D-82291
Germany
Phone: 49 (8145) 92090 Fax: 49 (8145) 920933
Internet: http://www.mipm.com
E-mail: info@mipm.com
NASCOR
Nascor Pty Ltd [177032]
Unit 17 77-79 Bourke Road Alexandria
Sydney 2015
Australia
Phone: 61 (2) 94526244 Fax: 61 (2) 94522633
Internet: http://www.nascor.com.au
E-mail: sales@nascor.com.au
NIHON KOHDEN
Nihon Kohden America Inc [103211]
90 Icon St
Foothill Ranch, CA 92610
Phone: (949) 580-1555, (800) 325-0283 Fax: (949) 580-1550
Internet: http://www.nkusa.com
E-mail: info@nkusa.com
PETAS
Petas Profesyonel Elektronik San ve Tic AS [163658]
71 Sokak No 21 Emek
Ankara TR-06510
Turkey
Phone: 90 (312) 2137146 Fax: 90 (312) 3415970
Internet: http://www.petas.com.tr
E-mail: info@petas.com.tr
Philips Medical Systems (Asia Pacific) Cardiac & Monitoring Systems Div [398048]
24/Fl Cityplaza One 1111 King's Road
Taikoo Shing
Philips Medical Systems (Europe) Cardiac & Monitoring Systems Div [398047]
Herrenberger Strasse 124
Boeblingen D-71034
Germany
Phone: 49 (7031) 4641552 Fax: 49 (7031) 4644096
Internet: http://www.medical.philips.com
E-mail: pmscc@philips.com
SCHILLER
Schiller AG [162079]
Altgasse 68
Baar CH-6341
Switzerland
Phone: 41 (41) 7664242 Fax: 41 (41) 7610880
Internet: http://www.schiller.ch
E-mail: sales@schiller.ch
SHENZHEN MINDRAY
Mindray Medical International Ltd [291060]
Mindray Building Keji 12th Road South High-Tech Industrial Park Nanshan
Shenzhen 518057
People's Republic of China
Phone: 86 (755) 26582888 Fax: 86 (755) 26582680
Internet: http://www.mindray.com
E-mail: intl-market@mindray.com
SMITHS MEDICAL PM
Smiths Medical International Ltd [450285]
Military Road
Hythe CT21 5BN
England
Phone: 44 (1303) 260551 Fax: 44 (1303) 266761
Internet: http://www.smiths-medical.com
E-mail: info@smithsmedical.com
SPACELABS HEALTHCARE
Spacelabs Healthcare Inc An OSI Systems Co [101758]
5150 220th Ave SE
Issaquah, WA 98029
WELCH ALLYN
Welch Allyn GmbH & Co KG [178366]
Zollerstrasse 2-4
Jungingen D-72417
Germany
Phone: 49 (7477) 92710 Fax: 49 (7477) 927190
Internet: http://www.welchallyn.de
E-mail: info@welchallyn.de
ZOE MEDICAL
Zoe Medical Inc [392109]
460 Boston St
Topsfield, MA 01983
Phone: (978) 887-1410, (800) 508-8218 Fax: (978) 887-1406
Internet: http://www.zoemedical.com
E-mail: zoeinfo@zoemedical.com
Hoevelaken NL-3870 CA
The Netherlands
Phone: 31 (33) 2544911 Fax: 31 (33) 2537621
Internet: http://www.datascope.com
DIXTAL
Dixtal Tecnologia Industria e Comercio Ltda [174223]
Rua Eng Francisco Pita Brito 703 Caixa Postal 12417
Sao Paulo-SP 04753-080
Brazil
Phone: 55 (11) 55484155 Fax: 55 (11) 55484883
Internet: http://www.dixtal.com.br
DRAEGER MEDICAL
Draeger Medical AG & Co KGaA [374044]
Moislinger Allee 53-55 Postfach 1339
Luebeck D-23542
Germany
Phone: 49 (451) 8820 Fax: 49 (451) 8822080
Internet: http://www.draeger.com
E-mail: birgit.lenz@draeger.com
Republic of Singapore
Phone: 65 8729278 Fax: 65 7792165
Internet: http://www.draeger-medical.com
EMTEL
Emtel [185393]
Zamkowa 1
Zabrze PL-41-803
Poland
Phone: 48 (32) 2719013 Fax: 48 (32) 2715727
Internet: http://www.emtel.com.pl
E-mail: medical@emtel.com.pl
FUKUDA DENSHI
Fukuda Denshi Co Ltd [138380]
3-39-4 Hongo Bunkyo-ku
Tokyo 113
Japan
Phone: 81 (3) 56841251 Fax: 81 (3) 38141222
Internet: http://www.fukuda.co.jp
E-mail: info@fukuda.co.jp
GE HEALTHCARE
GE Healthcare Europe [171319]
283 rue de la Miniere boite postale 34
Buc Cedex F-78533
France
Phone: 33 (1) 30704040 Fax: 33 (1) 30709855
Internet: http://www.gehealthcare.com
Milwaukee, WI 53223
Phone: (262) 293-7368, (800) 851-6525 Fax: (262) 293-0122
Internet: http://www.gemedical.com
E-mail: info@gemedsystems.com
GE Healthcare UK [401906]
Pollards Wood Nightingales Lane
Chalfont St Giles HP8 4SP
England
Phone: 44 (870) 6061920 Fax: 44 (1494) 544350
Internet: http://www.gehealthcareeurope.com
GOLDWAY
Goldway US Inc [426654]
732 Smithtown Bypass Suite 102B
Smithtown, NY 11787
Phone: (631) 584-6688 Fax: (631) 584-6699
Internet: http://www.goldwayus.com
E-mail: info@goldwayus.com
HME/HUNTLEIGH HEALTHCARE
Huntleigh Healthcare Ltd [272792]
310-312 Dallow Road
Luton LU1 1TD
England
Phone: 44 (1473) 462924 Fax: 44 (1473) 462924
Internet: http://www.huntleigh-healthcare.com
E-mail: sales.admin@huntleigh-healthcare.com
INVIVO
Invivo Corp An Intermagnetics Co [308478]
12501 Research Pkwy
Orlando, FL 32826
Phone: (407) 275-3220, (800) 331-3220 Fax: (407) 249-2022
Internet: http://www.invivocorp.com
E-mail: info@invivocorp.com
LIFE SENSING
Life Sensing Instrument Co Inc [104929]
329 W Lincoln St
Tullahoma, TN 37388-3370
Phone: (931) 455-9016, (800) 624-2732 Fax: (931) 455-9093
Internet: http://www.lsimed.com
E-mail: sales@lsimed.com
MORTARA INSTRUMENT
Mortara Instrument GmbH [281445]
Henricistrasse 124
Essen D-45136
Germany
Phone: 49 (201) 268311 Fax: 49 (201) 268313
Internet: http://www.mortara.com
E-mail: solutions@mortara.com
NIHON KOHDEN
Nihon Kohden America Inc [103211]
90 Icon St
Foothill Ranch, CA 92610
Phone: (949) 580-1555, (800) 325-0283 Fax: (949) 580-1550
Internet: http://www.nkusa.com
E-mail: info@nkusa.com
PETAS
Petas Profesyonel Elektronik San ve Tic AS [163658]
71 Sokak No 21 Emek
Ankara TR-06510
Turkey
Phone: 90 (312) 2137146 Fax: 90 (312) 3415970
Internet: http://www.petas.com.tr
E-mail: info@petas.com.tr
Philips Medical Systems (Asia Pacific) Cardiac & Monitoring Systems Div [398048]
24/Fl Cityplaza One 1111 King's Road
Taikoo Shing
People's Republic of China
Phone: 852 31977777 Fax: 852 25069261
Internet: http://www.medical.philips.com
Philips Medical Systems (Europe) Cardiac & Monitoring Systems Div [398047]
Herrenberger Strasse 124
Boeblingen D-71034
Germany
Phone: 49 (7031) 4641552 Fax: 49 (7031) 4644096
Internet: http://www.medical.philips.com
E-mail: pmscc@philips.com
SCHILLER
Schiller AG [162079]
Altgasse 68
Baar CH-6341
Switzerland
Phone: 41 (41) 7664242 Fax: 41 (41) 7610880
Internet: http://www.schiller.ch
E-mail: sales@schiller.ch
SHENZHEN MINDRAY
Mindray Medical International Ltd [291060]
Mindray Building Keji 12th Road South High-Tech Industrial Park Nanshan
Shenzhen 518057
People's Republic of China
Phone: 86 (755) 26582888 Fax: 86 (755) 26582680
Internet: http://www.mindray.com
E-mail: intl-market@mindray.com
SPACELABS HEALTHCARE
Spacelabs Healthcare Inc An OSI Systems Co [101758]
5150 220th Ave SE
Issaquah, WA 98029
Phone: (425) 657-7200, (800) 522-7025 Fax: (425) 657-7212
Internet: http://www.spacelabshealthcare.com
Beaverton, OR 97008
Phone: (503) 530-7500, (800) 289-2501 Fax: (503) 526-4200
Internet: http://www.monitoring.welchallyn.com
E-mail: sales@monitoring.welchallyn.com
ZOE MEDICAL
Zoe Medical Inc [392109]
460 Boston St
Topsfield, MA 01983
Phone: (978) 887-1410, (800) 508-8218 Fax: (978) 887-1406
Internet: http://www.zoemedical.com
E-mail: zoeinfo@zoemedical.com
Note: The data in the charts derive from suppliers’ specifications and have not been verified through
independent testing by ECRI Institute or any other agency. Because test methods vary, different products’
specifications are not always comparable. Moreover, products and specifications are subject to frequent changes.
ECRI Institute is not responsible for the quality or validity of the information presented or for any adverse
consequences of acting on such information.
When reading the charts, keep in mind that, unless otherwise noted, the list price does not reflect supplier
discounts. And although we try to indicate which features and characteristics are standard and which are not,
some may be optional, at additional cost.
For those models whose prices were supplied to us in currencies other than U.S. dollars, we have also listed the
conversion to U.S. dollars to facilitate comparison among models. However, keep in mind that exchange rates change
often.
Policy Statement
The Healthcare Product Comparison System (HPCS) is published by ECRI Institute, a nonprofit organization.
HPCS provides comprehensive information to help healthcare professionals select and purchase diagnostic and
therapeutic capital equipment more effectively in support of improved patient care.
The information in Product Comparisons comes from a number of sources: medical and biomedical
engineering literature, correspondence and discussion with manufacturers and distributors, specifications from
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Many of the words or model descriptions appearing in the Healthcare Product Comparison System are
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Company. Company.
Model Footnotes
Data Footnotes
Company. Company.
Model Footnotes
Data Footnotes
These specifications
continue onto the next
page.
MODEL PHILIPS MEDICAL PHILIPS MEDICAL PHILIPS MEDICAL RGB MEDICAL DEVICES
SYSTEMS SYSTEMS SYSTEMS
IntelliVue MP5 (M8105A)1 IntelliVue MP60/MP70 IntelliVue MP90 (M8010A) Omicrom FT Surveyor
(M8005A : M8007A)
WHERE MARKETED Worldwide Worldwide Worldwide Worldwide
FDA CLEARANCE Yes Yes Yes No
CE MARK (MDD) Yes Yes Yes Yes
PATIENT TYPE Adult, pediatric, neonate Adult, pediatric, neonate Adult, pediatric, neonate Adult, neonate
ACUITY AREA Not specified Not specified Not specified Not specified
BEDSIDE/TRANSPORT Both Bedside Bedside Both
MODULAR/CONFIGURED Configured2 Modular1 Modular1 Configured
PARAMETERS ECG/HR, traditional and ECG/HR, traditional and ECG/HR, traditional and ECG, HR, PR, respiration,
MONITORED derived 12-lead ECG, derived 12-lead ECG, derived 12-lead ECG, ST-segment, NIBP, SpO2,
multilead arrhythmia, QT, multilead arrhythmia, QT, multilead arrhythmia, QT, temperature
QTc, PPV, 12-lead ST- QTc, PPV, 12-lead ST- QTc, PPV, 12-lead ST-
segment, IBP, CPP, segment, IBP, CPP, segment, IBP, CPP,
temperature, PR, temperature, PR, temperature, PR,
respiration, NIBP, SpO2, respiration, NIBP, SpO2, respiration, NIBP, SpO2,
ms/ss ETCO2, OxyCRG, SvO2, ms/ss ETCO2, SvO2, ms/ss ETCO2,
anesthetic gas tcpO2/tcpCO2, CO, CCO, tcpO2/tcpCO2, CO, CCO,
wedge, OxyCRG, EEG, BIS, wedge, OxyCRG, EEG, BIS,
spirometry, anesthetic gas spirometry, anesthetic gas
ECG Yes Yes Yes Yes
Number of leads Up to 12, traditional and Up to 12, traditional and Up to 12, traditional and Not specified
EASI (derived) EASI (derived) EASI (derived)
HR range, bpm 15-350 15-350 15-350 20-300
Accuracy 1% 1% 1% 2%
Alarms Yes Yes Yes Yes, graded
Interpretation Only via central monitor Not specified Not specified Not specified
Arrhythmia detect Yes (multilead) Yes (multilead) Yes (multilead) No
No. of leads analyzed 2 2 2 Not specified
ST analysis Yes Yes Yes Manual measurements
No. of leads analyzed Up to 12 Up to 12 Up to 12 1
Auto lead switch Yes Yes Yes Not specified
RESPIRATION Yes Yes Yes Yes
Method Impedance (ECG), CO2 Impedance (ECG), CO2 Impedance (ECG), CO2 Impedance
Waveform displayed Yes Yes Yes Yes
Threshold control Yes Yes Yes Auto/manual
MODEL PHILIPS MEDICAL PHILIPS MEDICAL PHILIPS MEDICAL RGB MEDICAL DEVICES
SYSTEMS SYSTEMS SYSTEMS
IntelliVue MP5 (M8105A)1 IntelliVue MP60/MP70 IntelliVue MP90 (M8010A) Omicrom FT Surveyor
(M8005A : M8007A)
IBP Yes Yes Yes No
No. of channels Up to 2 Up to 6 Up to 6 NA
Scales range, mm Hg -40 to +360 -40 to +360 -40 to +360 NA
Labels ABP, ART, Ao, UAP, FAP, ABP, ART, Ao, UAP, FAP, ABP, ART, Ao, UAP, FAP, NA
BAP, P, P1, P2, P3, P4, BAP, P, P1, P2, P3, P4, BAP, P, P1, P2, P3, P4,
CVP, RAP, LAP, UVP, PAP, CVP, RAP, LAP, UVP, PAP, CVP, RAP, LAP, UVP, PAP,
ICP, IC1, IC2 ICP, IC1, IC2 ICP, IC1, IC2
Alarms S/M/D, 2 severity steps S/M/D, 2 severity steps S/M/D, 2 severity steps NA
NIBP Yes Yes Yes Yes
Measurement technique Oscillometric Oscillometric Oscillometric Oscillometric
Cuff size XL, large, small, standard XL, large, small, and XL, large, small, and Large adult through
adult; pediatric, infant, thigh standard adult; pediatric, standard adult; pediatric, neonate; 15 different sizes
infant, thigh infant, thigh
Hose connection Quick connect Quick connect Quick connect Quick connect
PULSE OXIMETRY Yes Yes Yes Yes
Probe type Philips Medical Systems Nellcor Oximax or Nellcor Oximax or RGB, finger, ear, and Y-type
motion-tolerant FAST SpO2, OxiSensor II, Masimo OxiSensor II, Masimo
Nellcor compatible LNOP, Philips motion- LNOP, Philips motion-
tolerant FAST SpO2 tolerant FAST SpO2
Disposable/reusable Yes/yes Yes/yes Yes/yes Yes/yes
TEMPERATURE Yes Yes Yes Yes
No. of inputs Up to 2 Up to 4 Up to 4 1
Probe type Surface/skin, esophageal, Surface/skin, esophageal, Surface/skin, esophageal, YSI 400
rectal, optional tympanic rectal rectal
TRENDING Yes Yes Yes Yes
Parameters Up to 16 Up to 32 Up to 32 All
Graphical/tabular Yes/yes Yes/yes Yes/yes Yes/yes
Length of time, hr Up to 9 @ 12 sec, up to 24 Up to 24 @ 12 sec, up to 48 Up to 24 @ 12 sec, up to 48 96
@ 1 min, up to 48 @ 5 min @ 1 min, up to 72 @ 5 min @ 1 min, up to 72 @ 5 min
ALARMS Yes Yes Yes Yes
Type Technical, threshold, Technical, threshold, Technical, threshold, Not specified
arrhythmia, life-threatening arrhythmia, life-threatening, arrhythmia, life-threatening,
user defined user defined
Visual Colored alarm field and Colored alarm field and Colored alarm field and Yes
indicators reflecting alarm indicators reflecting alarm indicators reflecting alarm
type, affected numbers blink type, affected numbers blink type, affected numbers blink
Audible Varied tones reflect alarm Varied tones reflect alarm Varied tones reflect alarm Yes
type type type
Silence active alarm Yes Yes Yes Yes
Silence duration, sec 60, 120, 180, indefinite 60, 120, 180, indefinite 60, 120, 180, indefinite 120
All-alarm suspend Yes Yes Yes Yes
Silence duration, sec 60, 120, 180, 300, 600, 60, 120, 180, 300, 600, 60, 120, 180, 300, 600, 120
indefinite indefinite indefinite
Others None specified None specified None specified None specified
MODEL PHILIPS MEDICAL PHILIPS MEDICAL PHILIPS MEDICAL RGB MEDICAL DEVICES
SYSTEMS SYSTEMS SYSTEMS
IntelliVue MP5 (M8105A)1 IntelliVue MP60/MP70 IntelliVue MP90 (M8010A) Omicrom FT Surveyor
(M8005A : M8007A)
MRI COMPATIBLE No No No No
NETWORKING Yes Yes Yes Yes
Hardwired/wireless Both Both Both Hardwired
Communication UDP/IP UDP/IP UDP/IP Proprietary
protocols
Architecture Ethernet, 802.11a/b/g and Ethernet, 802.11a/b/g Ethernet, 802.11a/b/g Not specified
WMTS, telemetry as
parameter
Max no. of devices on 3,840 3,840 3,840 16
single network
Bedside-to-bedside Yes Yes Yes Not specified
monitor communication
Alarms Yes Yes Yes Not specified
Central station required No; for up to 16 beds, No; for up to 16 beds, No; for up to 16 beds, Not specified
for networking Patient Link is sufficient Patient Link is sufficient Patient Link is sufficient
Other clinical CareVue Chart, Compu CareVue Chart, Compu CareVue Chart, Compu Yes
information systems Record Record, OLEH Record, OLEH
Remote viewing (outside Yes, Information Center Yes, Information Center Yes, Information Center Yes
hospital) required required required
Peripheral device RS232/MIB, printer, basic VueLink (up to 4 modules), VueLink (up to 4 modules), RS232
interface nurse call, VGA comprehensive device comprehensive device
library, RS232/MIB, nurse library, RS232/MIB, nurse
call, VGA, printer call, VGA, printer
DISPLAY SVGA color flat-panel, XGA TFT flat-panel, Up to 3 interactive Color TFT
touchscreen user interface touchscreen user interface XGA/SXGA TFT color touch
flat-panel
Size, cm (in) 21.3 (8.4) 38.1 (15) 38.1 (15), 43.2 (17), 48.3 20.3 (8)
(19); Philips or medical
grade off-the-shelf monitors
Traces 3, 4 4, 6, 8 (MP70 only) 4, 6, 8, 12 per interactive 6
display
Noninteractive (slave) 1 1 Up to 3 Not specified
USER INTERFACE Touchscreen Touchscreen and Touchscreen and Not specified
SpeedPoint, PS/2 devices SpeedPoint, PS/2 devices
RECORDER Integrated or central Modular/central Modular/central Thermal external
Channels 2/3 2/3 2/3 2
AUXILIARY OUTPUT
Defib/synch Yes Yes Yes No
BP Yes Yes Yes No
H x W x D, mm (in) 248 x 259 x 186 (9.76 x 360 x 408 x 170 (14.2 x 108 x 342 x 505 (4.3 x 13.5 242 x 208 x 232 (9.5 x 8.2 x
10.2 x 7.32) 16.1 x 7) x 19.9) 9.3)
WEIGHT, kg (lb) 4 (8.8) base unit, basic <10 (<22) basic version <10 (<22) computer module, 5 (11)
measurements, and 1 4.9 (10.8) 15" display
battery
BATTERY Yes No No Yes
Type (number) Lithium-ion (not specified) NA NA Lead acid (not specified)
Operating time, min 240 (1 new battery, auto NA NA 120
brightness on, NIBP every
15 min)
Rechargeable Yes NA NA Yes
Recharging time, hr 4 (monitor off), 5-12 NA NA 10
(monitor in use)
Low-battery alarm Yes NA NA Yes
MODEL PHILIPS MEDICAL PHILIPS MEDICAL PHILIPS MEDICAL RGB MEDICAL DEVICES
SYSTEMS SYSTEMS SYSTEMS
IntelliVue MP5 (M8105A)1 IntelliVue MP60/MP70 IntelliVue MP90 (M8010A) Omicrom FT Surveyor
(M8005A : M8007A)
LINE POWER, VAC 100-240 100-240 100-240 100-120/200-240
PRICE Starts at $7,974 (NIBP, Starts at $18,300 (4 waves, Starts at $30,700 (6 waves, €2,000-3,000 (US$3,093-
ECG, SpO2) NIBP, ECG, SpO2) : NIBP, ECG, SpO2, module 4,639)
$21,700 (4 waves, NIBP, rack and 15" display)
ECG, SpO2)
WARRANTY 1 year 1 year 1 year 2 years
LIFE EXPECTANCY, YR Not specified Not specified Not specified Not specified
OTHER SPECIFICATIONS Multiple flexible screen Portal technology (e.g., lab Portal technology (e.g., lab 5 languages; sliding cursor
layouts; clinical calculations; results at the bedside); results at the bedside); for easy trend reading;
auto alerts; Horizon View; flexible screen layouts; flexible screen layouts; onscreen direct operation,
timers; ST-MAP; basic clinical calculations; auto clinical calculations; auto no menus needed; 12 sec
event surveillance; neonate alerts; Horizon View; timers; alerts; Horizon View; timers; frozen ECG; NIBP
event review; scheduled ST-MAP; event surveillance; ST-MAP; event surveillance; waveform onscreen.
reports. neonate event review; neonate event review;
scheduled reports; single scheduled reports; single
parameter module support; parameter module support;
ProtocolWatch for sepsis. ProtocolWatch for sepsis.
UMDNS CODE(S) 12636 12636 12636 12636
LAST UPDATED August 2008 August 2008 August 2008 August 2008
Supplier Footnotes
Model Footnotes 1MP5 can be used as a
measurement module for
any IntelliVue Patient
monitor starting from MP20
to MP90.
Data Footnotes 2Integrated display and 1Integrated display and 1aModular system
processing unit; basic processing unit; basic components including
measurement as measurement as display and module racks;
multiparameter with optional multiparameter module with basic measurement as
parameter extensions. optional parameter multiparameter module with
extensions, specialty optional parameter
measurements are modular extensions, specialty
for IntelliVue models; measurements are modular
integrated 2-module slots for IntelliVue models.
(optional) and support for 8-
slot module rack.