Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
National Capital Region
DIVISION OF CITY SCHOOLS – MANILA
Manila Education Center Arroceros Forest Park
Antonio J. Villegas St. Ermita, Manila

ORAL
COMMUNICATION IN
CONTEXT

Models of
Communication

Quarter 1 Week 2 Module 2

Most Essential Learning Competency:
Differentiate the various models of communication

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 Hi! I’m Mitch. I will be your facilitator and guide in this
module. Before you start answering the module, I want you to
set aside other tasks that will disturb you while enjoying the
lessons. Read the simple instructions below to successfully
enjoy the objectives of this kit. Have fun!

Before we begin, take note of the following:

1. Follow carefully all the contents and
instructions indicated in every page of
this module.
2. Write on your notebook or any writing
pad the concepts about the lessons.
Writing enhances learning, that is
important to develop and keep in mind.
3. Perform all the provided activities in the
module.
4. Let your facilitator/guardian assess your
answers.
5. Analyze conceptually the posttest and
apply what you have learned.
6. Enjoy studying!

By the way, these are the parts of this module:

• Expectations - These are what you will be able
to know after completing the lessons in the
module.
• Pre-test - This will measure your prior knowledge
and the concepts to be mastered throughout the
lesson.
• Looking Back - This section will measure what
learnings and skills that you understand from the
previous lesson.
• Brief Introduction- This section will give you an
overview of the lesson.
• Activities - These are activities designed to
develop critical thinking and other competencies.
This can be done with or without a partner
depending on the nature of the activity.
• Remember - This section summarizes the
concepts and applications of the lessons.
• Checking your Understanding - It will verify
how you learned from the lesson.
• Post-test - This will measure how much you

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 LESSON 1: FUNDAMENTALS OF
COMMUNICATION

As your facilitator, I expect that you, as a learner, will

understand the nature, elements and process of oral
communication in context.
EXPECTATIONS
Specifically, this module will help you to

• describe the models of communication

• differentiate the various models of communication
• describe how each element in the model affects
communication

Let us start your journey in learning more on the Fundamentals of Communication. I am sure you are ready and excited
to answer the Pretest. Smile and cheer up!

PRETEST

I. Read each test item carefully. Write the letter of your answer on the space
provided before each number.

1. It presents a simple communication act and values psychological effects over social
effects.
A. Interactive Model
B. Linear Model
C. Transactional Model

2. The communication model that describes participation in the communication process

as continuous and simultaneous.
A. Interactive Model
B. Linear Model
C. Transactional Model

3. It is a form of distraction that begins in the thoughts of either the participant of the
communication process.
A. External Interference
B. Internal Interference
C. Psychological Interference

4. It is what makes communication cycle interactive or collaborative.

A. External Interference
B. Internal Interference
C. Feedback

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 5. It is the study of the sound system in a language. It includes knowledge of
how one organizes and structures sound to convey meaning.
A. Morphology
B. Phonology
C. Pragmatics

6. It is a form of distraction that begins in the thoughts of either participant of the

communication process.
A. External Interference
B. Internal Interference
C. Noise

7. It is a form of distraction that arises in the environment where the communication is

happening.
A. External Interference
B. Internal Interference
C. Noise

8. It uses spoken language to communicate a message or information.

A. Linguistics
B. Nonverbal Communication
C. Verbal Communication

9. All of the following are basic feature of language except for one.
A. Morphology
B. Syntax
C. Proxemics

10. It refers to the nonverbal cues of the voice such as volume, pitch, intonation and
tone.
A. Haptics
B. Kinesics
C. Paralanguage

LOOKING BACK

1. What are the elements of

communication?
2. Why do we say communication is a
two-way process?
3. What is the end goal of
communication?

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 Congratulations! Your ideas are great!
Keep on learning.

BRIEF INTRODUCTION

Communication is a process that is deeply intertwined with human interaction. Since its end
goal is that of creating understanding, it is necessary to know, realize and appreciate its
process. Realizing how communication flows will help us recognize the roles played by
each element in the communication process. The various communication models
presented in this module will give us a glimpse of what contributes to good communication
or what causes breakdown in communication.

MODELS OF COMMUNICATION

Message
Sender Receiver

A. Linear Model

Linear Model- the first model of communication. It is a unidirectional model. It

presents a simple communication act and involves persuasion, not mutual
understanding. Lastly, it values psychological effects over social effects.

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 Message

(Noise)
Sender Receiver
In Out
(encodes) (decodes)

MEDIUM
Feedback

B. Interactive Model
Interactive Model- is an improved process. It still begins with a
sender, in which the speaker decodes a message using different
channels. The receiver listens as he/she decodes the message.
Feedback is the next stage of the process where the receiver sends a
response that continues the communication process. The distinction
is its internal and external interference that disturb the
understanding of the messages. The feedback makes the cycle
interactive and collaborative.

Noise Interference

Encoding Message Decoding

Source Receiver

Feedback
Feedback

Receiver ? Message Encoding Source

Noise Interference
C. Transactional Model

Transactional Model- is more detailed and involves more elements of

communication. It considers the situation of the communication
where there is a simultaneous exchange between the sender and the
receiver. Three principles that govern Transactional Model are 1.
Participation is continuous and simultaneous. 2. All communication
have a past, present and future. 3. All communicators play roles.

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 How’s your learning? Don’t give
up, you’re almost done!

ACTIVITIES
Activity 1: ZOOM OR GOOGLE MEET.

Direction: Form groups with your classmates. Choose a leader. With your
group, think of an issue or problem where all members are to
suggest a solution. The listens to each suggestion and give
comments or opinions. (It could be other topics as long as they can
be engaged in interactive or continuous communication.)

Activity 2: SILENT COMMERCIAL

Direction: Form a small group and make a 60 second “silent commercial’.

This commercial must only be text and nonverbal communication
in promoting a or advocacy. You may put a background
instrumental music or sound effects.

Activity 3: SCENES FROM A MOVIE

Direction: Choose a movie scene to act with your chosen classmate or family
member. Discuss the communication model illustrated by the
scene.

REMEMBER
1. The linear model views communication as a one-
way or linear process in which the speaker speaks
and the listener listens.

2. The interactive model of communication indicates

that the speaker and listener communicate better
if they have common fields of experience, or fields
which overlap.

3. The transactional model shows that the elements

in communication are interdependent. Each
person in the communication act is both a
speaker and a listener, and can be simultaneously
sending and receiving messages.

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 CHECKING YOUR UNDERSTANDING
Answer the following questions:
1. Give examples of situations where internal and external interferences affect
understanding or the flow of communication.
2. Can communication of ideas still be effective even without a feedback?
Explain.
3. Do the different roles played by communication participants affect
understanding of the message? Explain.

POST TEST

I. Complete the diagram of the communication models below.

?
Sender Receiver

A. Linear Model

MESSAGE
(noise)

Sender Receiver
(encodes) (decodes) Out
In
(noise)
?
B. Interactive Model

Noise Interference

Source Encoding Message Decoding Receiver

Feedback

Receiver ? Message Encoding Source

Noise Interference
C. Transactional Model

II. Identify the communication model described in each of the descriptions below.

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 a. Interactive Model
b. Linear Model
c. Transactional Model

_____1. It presents a simple communication act and involves persuasion, not mutual
understanding.
_____2. Its distinction with other model is that its internal and external interference
disturb the understanding of messages.
_____3. One of its governing principle is that all communicators play roles.
_____4. The first model of communication that is unidirectional.
_____5. The communication model that considers the situation of the communication
where there is a simultaneous exchange between the sender and the
receiver.

III. Identify the type of interference shown in the following examples.

a. External Interference
b. Internal Interference

____6. Room temperature

____7. Anxiety
____8. Illness
____9. Noise from the surrounding
____10. Anger

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REFLECTIVE LEARNING SHEET
Reflect on what you have learned after taking up this lesson by completing the chart below.

I thought…
What were your thoughts or ideas
about the process of
communication prior to the
discussion of this lesson?

What new or additional ideas did I learned that…

you learn after taking up this
lesson?

Congratulations!

You made it!

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References:

Sipacio, P. J. F., & Balgos, A. R. G. (2016). Oral Communication in Context for Senior High
School. Quezon City: C & E Publishing, Inc.
Flores, Ramona S. (2016). Oral Communication in Context. 1st Edition. Manila: Rex
Publishing
Emery, R. (2012, September). Communications: Its Importance and Basic Elements.
Retrieved anuary 5, 2015, from http://region3.asse.org/: http://region3.asse.org/wp-
content/uploads/2012/09/Bob-Emery-ASSE-Regional-Conference-2012-Communications-
Importance-and-Basic-Elements.pdf
http://nepalicommunication.blogspot.com/2011/01/origin-of-word.html
https://pragatipath1.files.wordpress.com/2012/02/smc2.pdf
https://communicatingcommunication.wordpress.com/2011/02/03/etymology-of-
communication/

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Michelle M. Quiambao, Master Teacher II
Editor: Flor M. Derige, Master Teacher II
Graphic Illustrator: Jafet Mercado, STEM 12, V.E. Fugoso SHS
Reviewer: Vicente M. Victorio Jr., Education Program Supervisor
Management Team: Malcolm S. Garma, Regional Director
Genia V. Santos, CLMD Chief
Dennis M. Mendoza, Regional EPS in Charge of
LRMS and Regional ADM Coordinator
Maria Magdalena M. Lim, CESO V, Schools
Division Superintendent-Manila
Aida H. Rondilla, CID Chief
Lucky S. Carpio, Division EPS in Charge of LRMS
and Division ADM Coordinator

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