Lab 1 – Safety and Biological Molecules

BIO 1700, Pre-Health Sciences, Lab Report Sheet

Spelling, grammar, mechanics Score

-2 marks (minimal errors)
-4 marks (several errors) /40
1. [5 marks] Match the labels on the map with the important safety items listed below.

Figure 1.1: Laboratory Layout

Safety Locations Letter(s) Common Equipment Letter(s)

Emergency shower R Fume hood (locate 2) G/C
Fire extinguisher N Balance (locate 6) H/I/D/E/A/B
First aid kit M Microscope (locate 1) J
Eye wash station S Large sink (locate 3) K/T
Container for broken L
glass
Exits (locate 2) Q/O
Hazardous waste disposal F
container
 2. Complete the following questions regarding lab safety.

A. [1 mark] Which laboratory equipment item would be used to avoid breathing in fumes
from a substance? Fume Hood

B. [1 mark] Which safety location item would be used to dispose of a broken glass
microscope slide? Container for Broken Glass

3. [3 marks] Complete Table 1.1 by indicating the appropriate letter (from the labelled
models) identifying the functional unit of a lipid and providing the name for the parts of this
biological molecule.

Table 1.1: Lipid models

Labelled images Letter representing lipid functional unit:
D

Name of the lipid functional unit:

triglyceride

Functional unit has 3 of these (indicate

letter and name):
Fatty acids C

Functional unit has 1 of these (indicate

letter and name):
Glycerol

4. [1 mark] Which of the 9 samples do you think contains lipids? Provide a hypothesis by
ticking the boxes of any sample that you think HAS lipids. [Tip: to “tick” a box, highlight it
and replace it with the following: ☑]
If washing my hands with water after coming into contact with vegetable oil or
mayonnaise leaves residue then it typically indicates a lipid. After coming into
contact with a paper towel and left to dry the oil residue should remain.

 Sample 1 – glucose (monosaccharide)  Sample 4 – albumin (polypeptide)

 Sample 2 – starch (polysaccharide)  Sample 5 – chicken broth
 Sample 3 – vegetable oil (triglyceride)  Sample 6 – mayonnaise
  Sample 7 – diluted banana  Sample 9 – deionized water
 Sample 8 – potato

5. [2 marks] Complete Table 1.2, the translucent test for lipids

Table 1.2 Grease residue Result Grease residue Result

(Y/N) (+/-) (Y/N) (+/-)
1
glucose N - 5 N -
(monosaccharide Negative control chicken broth Negative control
Negativ Negativ
) e control e control

2 N - 6 Y +
starch
Negative control mayonnaise Positive control
(polysaccharide) Negativ Positive
e control control
3
vegetable oil Y + 7 N -
diluted banana
(triglyceride) Positive control Positive control
Negative control
Negative control

4 N - 8 N -
albumin
Negative control potato Negative control
(polypeptide) Negative Negative control
control

9
deionized water
N
Negative control
-
Negative control

6. [3 marks total] Compare your hypotheses for Samples 1-9 with the results from Table
1.2. Choose 1 sample and fill in the sections below to explain whether your hypothesis was
correct
or not. [Tip: to “tick” a box, highlight it and replace it with the following: ☑]

Sample #: 3
A. Original hypothesis: Did you think lipids were present? (0.5 marks)  YES 
NO

B. Results: Did the translucent test show that lipids were present? (0.5 marks)  YES 
NO

C. Was your hypothesis correct? (0.5 marks)  YES 

 NO

D. Based on your answers to parts A – C, create a sentence that explains in detail why you
think your hypothesis was correct or incorrect. [Tip: Be sure to include evidence from
the data in your explanation.] (1.5 marks)
My hypothesis was correct. I believed it would have lipids and would leave grease stain. A
grease stain remained on the paper towel for the positive control even after it was given time
to dry

7. [2 marks] Complete Table 1.3 by indicating the appropriate letter (from the labelled
models) of all monomer(s) and polymer(s) of proteins and providing the names for these
biological molecules.

Table 1.3: Protein models

Labelled models Letter(s) representing the monomer(s)

Name of monomer:
Amino Acid

Letter(s) representing the polymer(s):

A

Name of polymer:
Polypeptides

8. [2 marks] Label the following images of primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary
protein structures.

Secondary Quaternary Primary Tertiary

 9. [1 mark] Which of the 9 samples do you think contains protein? Provide a hypothesis
by ticking the boxes of any sample that you think HAS protein. [Tip: to “tick” a box,
highlight it and replace it with the following: ☑]
If chicken is already known to be a high source of protein then I believe chicken
broth will show a positi\ve result.

 Sample 1 – glucose (monosaccharide)  Sample 6 – mayonnaise

 Sample 2 – starch (polysaccharide)  Sample 7 – diluted banana
 Sample 3 – vegetable oil (triglyceride)  Sample 8 – potato
 Sample 4 – albumin (polypeptide)  Sample 9 – deionized water
 Sample 5 – chicken broth

10. [2 marks] Complete Table 1.4, Biuret’s test for protein

Table 1.4 Colour Result Colour Result

(blue/pink/purple (+/-) (blue/pink/purple (+/-)
) )
1 Blue Purple
glucose - 5 +
(monosaccharide Negativ chicken broth Positive
e control control
)
Blue Purple
2
starch - 6 +
Negativ mayonnaise Positive
(polysaccharide) control
e control
Blue Blue
3
vegetable oil - 7
diluted banana
-
Negativ Negative
(triglyceride) e control control
Blue
4
albumin Purple +
8
potato
-
Negative
(polypeptide) Positive control Positive control control

9
deionized Blue -
Negative
water Negative control control

11. [3 marks total; same breakdown as Question 6] Compare your hypotheses for
Samples 1-9 with the results from Table 1.4. Choose 1 sample and fill in the sections below
to explain whether your hypothesis was correct or not. . [Tip: to “tick” a box, highlight it and
replace it with the following: ☑]
Sample #: 5
A. Original hypothesis: Did you think proteins were present?  YES  NO
 B. Results: Did the Biuret’s test show that proteins were present?  YES  NO

C. Was your hypothesis correct?  YES  NO

D. Based on your answers to parts A – C, create a sentence that explains in detail why you
think your hypothesis was correct or incorrect. [Tip: Be sure to include evidence from
the data in your explanation.]
My hypothesis for the chicken broth sample containing protein was correct. The positive
control showed a colour change into purple indicating a positive result.

12. [2 marks] Complete Table 1.5 by indicating the appropriate letter (from the labelled
models) of all monomer(s) and polymer(s) of carbohydrates and providing the names for
these biological molecules.

Table 1.5: Carbohydrate models

Labelled images Letter(s) representing the monomer(s)

C

Name of monomer:
Monosaccharide

Letter(s) representing the polymer(s):

A

Name of polymer:
Polysaccharide
 13. [1 mark] Which of the 9 samples do you think contains
monosaccharides/disaccharides? Provide a hypothesis by ticking the boxes of any
sample that you think HAS them.
[Tip: to “tick” a box, highlight it and replace it with the following: ☑
Bannanas have been known as a ‘high energy food’. If so,then I believe it to have some
level of carbohydrates and in turn monosaccharides/disaccharides.

 Sample 1 – glucose (monosaccharide)  Sample 6 – mayonnaise

 Sample 2 – starch (polysaccharide)  Sample 7 – diluted banana
 Sample 3 – vegetable oil (triglyceride)  Sample 8 – potato
 Sample 4 – albumin (polypeptide)  Sample 9 – deionized water
 Sample 5 – chicken broth

14. [1 mark] Which of the 9 samples do you think contains starch? Provide a hypothesis by
ticking the boxes of any sample that you think HAS starch. [Tip: to “tick” a box, highlight it
and replace it with the following: ☑]
Individuals in the prison system have been know to gain considerable amounts of weight
due to their meals consisting mainly of potatoes. I believe this indicates a high starch diet.

 Sample 1 – glucose (monosaccharide)  Sample 6 – mayonnaise

 Sample 2 – starch (polysaccharide)  Sample 7 – diluted banana
 Sample 3 – vegetable oil (triglyceride)  Sample 8 – potato
 Sample 4 – albumin (polypeptide)  Sample 9 – deionized water
 Sample 5 – chicken broth

15. [4 marks] Complete Table 1.6, Benedict’s test for monosaccharides and disaccharides
and Lugol’s test for starch.
BENEDICT’S SOLUTION LUGOL’S SOLUTION (IODINE)

Table 1.6 Colour AFTER Result Colour Result

heating (+/-) (black/brown) (+/-)
1
glucose Orange + Brown -
(monosaccharide) Positive control Positive control Negative control

2
starch
Blue - Black +
(polysaccharide) Negative control Positive control Positive control
3
vegetable oil
Blue - Brown -
(triglyceride) Negative control Negative control
 4
albumin
Blue - Brown -
(polypeptide) l Negative control Negative control

5 Blue - Brown -
chicken broth
Negative control Negative control

6 Orange + Black +
mayonnaise
Positive control Positive control

7 Orange + Black +
diluted banana
Positive control Positive control

8
- Black +
potato Blue Negative control Positive control

9
deionized water
Blue
Negative control
-
Negative control
Brown
Negative control
-
Negative control

16. [3+3 marks total; same breakdown as Question 6] Compare your hypotheses for
Samples 1-9 with the results from Table 1.6. Choose 1 sample for the Benedict’s test and
1 sample for the Lugol’s test and fill in the sections below to explain whether your
hypothesis was correct or not. [Tip: to “tick” a box, highlight it and replace it with the
following: ☑]
Sample #: 7
A. Original hypothesis: Did you think mono/disaccharides were present?  YES  NO

B. Results: Did the Benedict’s test show that they were present?  YES  NO

C. Was your hypothesis correct?  YES  NO

D. Based on your answers to parts A – C, create a sentence that explains in detail why you
think your hypothesis was correct or incorrect. [Tip: Be sure to include evidence from
the data in your explanation.]

The test indicated a positive result for the positive control of the diluted bannana. I believed the
sample would contain monosaccharides/disaccharides and would change to the specified
colour and the result was accurate.
Sample #: 8
 A. Original hypothesis: Did you think starch was present?  YES  NO

B. Results: Did the Lugol’s test show that starch was present?  YES  NO

C. Was your hypothesis correct?  YES  NO

D. Based on your answers to parts A – C, create a sentence that explains in detail why you
think your hypothesis was correct or incorrect. [Tip: Be sure to include evidence from
the data in your explanation.]

My hypothesis for potaotes containing carbohydrates was correct. The positive control gave a
positive result indicating the presence of carbohydrates. The colour in the test tube changed to
black.