EIM5032 – COGENERATION AND SITE UTILITY SYSTEMS

CHAPTER 7
COGENERATION TARGETS

Dr Wan Zaireen Nisa Yahya

zaireen.Yahya@utp.edu.my
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT,
UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI PETRONAS
Total Site Profiles and Steam Composites

VHPS
VHP VHP

QHPS QREC
Steam REC

Generation HP HP
MPS


MP MP

LP LPS LP

Steam PINCH
Consumption
CW CW
CW
Total Site Profiles & Steam System
Composites

Provides targets for:

✓ Steam generated
✓ Steam used
✓ Steam recovery
✓ Boiler steam demand

HOW do we target the cogeneration of power in

total site?
 Heat flows in Total Site
Fuel
Heat flow between
processes and
utilities VHP

Heat flow
between utilities
and processes

Heat flow in the

utility system

VP

W
CW
 Cogeneration targets
VHP

Area ∝ Shaftwork

VP
 Cogeneration targets
VHP

Maximum steam recovery

= Minimum fuel requirement from utility boilers
= Minimum heat rejection from the site

VP
 Cogeneration targets

What is the outcome if we do not go for

maximum steam recovery?
 Cogeneration targets

VHP VHP

Violating the
minimum
targets

Additional fuel
requirement!

BUT also
Additional
VP VP cogeneration!
 Cogeneration targets
VHP VHP

= +

VP VP
True Condensing
cogeneration power
 How to quantitatively analyse
the trade-off between maximum
steam recovery and maximum
power cogeneration?
Site Utility Grand Composite Curve
(SUGCC)

VHP VHP
Generated
Generated

Used Used

W
VP VP

Both plots provide the same information!

The SUGCC is more convenient for cogeneration representation
 Steam turbine network design
Assume a single turbine in each expansion zones;

Design 1 Design 2 Design 3 Design 4

Steam turbine network design

Which design is the best?

Considers:

• Capital cost

• Complexity of design

• Operability

• Ability to handle different operating cases

 Example 1
The TSP of a Total Site with the existing steam loads is as follows;
 Example 1
The existing steam loads of the TS is;
 Example 1
According to the T-H model;

𝑊 = 𝐶𝐹 (𝑇𝑖𝑛 − 𝑇𝑜𝑢𝑡 ) × 𝑄

𝐶𝐹 = 0.00133

Temperatures of steam mains are:

Mains Temperature (˚C)

VHP 360
HP 260
MP 200
LP 130
CW 15
Tasks:
1) Construct the SUGCC.
2) Calculate the cogeneration targets for each of the expansion
zones, i.e. VHP to HP, HP to MP, MP to LP, and the cogeneration
for the total site.
 Example 1
Solutions:
 Example 1
Solutions (cont.)

Expansion zone Cogeneration target (MW)

VHP/HP 18.62
HP/MP 6.38
MP/LP 0.0
Total 25.00

VHP steam demand is 140 MW

 Example 2
The TSP of the same Total Site with the optimal steam loads is as follows;
Example 2
 Example 2
Tasks:

1) Construct the SUGCC.

2) Calculate the cogeneration targets for each of the expansion
zones, i.e. VHP to HP, HP to MP, MP to LP, and the cogeneration
for the total site.
 Example 2
Solutions:
 Example 2
Solutions (cont.)

Expansion zone Cogeneration target(MW)

VHP/HP 15.96
HP/MP 7.18
MP/LP 2.79
Total 25.93

VHP steam demand is reduced from 140 MW to 120 MW

 Summary

Site utility Grand Composite Curve provides the

same information as the Total Site Composite
Curves

It allows to calculate the cogeneration targets for

each of the expansion zones