Tutorial 02 (Matrices)

>> % cd 'C:\Users\NOBIS\Documents\MATLAB' % allagh fakelou
>> diary 'matrices.txt'
>> a = 1
format compact % gia mikrotero xwro
>> a = 1
% oi entoles pou eisagw exoun mprosta tous to '>>', to apotelesma (apo katw) den
exei tipota
% EISAGWGH DIANYSMATWN KAI PINAKWN
% oi pinakes kai ta dianusmata xrhsimeuoun sto matlab gia na apo8ikeuoun

plirofories
% mporei ne periexoun arithmous, xarakthres klp
% sel 33 Gilat
% ti einai ena dianusma sto xwro? (sxhma)
% ti einai pinakas? (sxhma)
% ta dianusmata einai eidikes periptwseis pinakwn

% dianusma sthlhs: mx1 pinakas, dianusma grammhs: 1xm pinakas , ari8mos: 1x1
pinakas
% otan pio katw lew gia dianusmata, ennow dianusmata grammhs
>> q = [1,2] % dianusma grammhs

q =
1 2
>> q = [1;2;3] % dianusma sthlhs

q =
1
2
3
>> q = [1 2 ; 3 4] % pinakas diastashs 2x2

q =
1 2
3 4
>> clear q % diegrapsa th metavlhth q
% h eisagwgh pinakwn kai dianusmatwn ginetai me xrhsh agkulwn [], OXI paren8esewn
()
>> a = (1,2,3)
Error
>> a = [-3,4,0]
a =
-3 4 0
>> a = [-3 4 0]
a =
-3 4 0
>> ['H', 'e', 'y'] % mia akolou8ia xarakthrwn einai pinakas pou periexei
grammata / 8a ta doume pio meta
ans =
'Hey'
>> b = [
1
2
-4
3
]
b =
1
2
-4
3
>> b = [1 ; 2 ; -4 ; 3]
b =
1
2
-4
3
% mporei mesa sto dianusma na exoume sunarthseis h mathimatikes ekfraseis, oxi mono
arithmous
>> [log(1) 2^0 sqrt(4)]

ans =
0 1 2
>> A = [ 1 2 3 4
5 6 7 8
9 1 2 3
4 5 6 7]
A =
1 2 3 4
5 6 7 8
9 1 2 3
4 5 6 7
% se ena pinaka, eisagw ta stoixeia grammh pros grammh

% o kaluteros tropos ekxwrhshs pinaka se metavlhth einai h xrhsh kenou gia
diaxwrismo
% twn stoixeiwn ka8e grammhs kai ';' gia allagh grammhs
>> A = [1 2 3 4 ; 5 6 7 8 ; 9 1 2 3 ; 4 5 6 7]
A =
1 2 3 4
5 6 7 8
9 1 2 3
4 5 6 7
% plirofories gia tis apo8ikeumenes metavlhtes
>> whos
Name Size Bytes Class Attributes
A 4x4 128 double

a 1x3 24 double
ans 1x11 22 char
b 4x1 32 double
% PRAKSEIS PINAKA ME PINAKA
% prakseis pinakwn
>> A1 = [1 2 ; 3 4]; % me to ';' sto telos, den emfanizetai h eksodos ths
entolhs
>> A2 = [2 4 ; 7 9];
>> A1
A1 =
1 2
3 4
>> A2
A2 =
2 4
7 9
>> A1 + A2 % ta stoixeia tou pinaka A1 + A2 vriskontai etsi: (A1 + A2)(i,j) =

A1(i,j) + A2(i,j)
ans =
3 6
10 13
>> A1 - A2 % ta stoixeia tou pinaka A1 - A2 vriskontai etsi: (A1 - A2)(i,j) =

A1(i,j) - A2(i,j)
ans =
-1 -2
-4 -5
>> A1 * A2 % sxhma gia to pws orizetai o pollaplasiasmos pinakwn (exei duskolo

tupo)
ans =
16 22
34 48
% sthn pros8esh kai afairesh pinakwn, prepei oi duo pinakes na exoun idies
diastaseis
% prosoxh ston pollaplasiamo pinakwn: oi diastaseis prepei na sumfwnoun
% an o A exei diastaseis mxn kai o B exei nxk, tote o A*B exei mxk
>> [1 2 3] * [4 ; 5 ; 6] % h praksh an allaxoume th seira twn pinakwn ti

dinei?
ans =
32
>> [1 2 ; 4 5] ^ 2 % idio me [1 2 ; 4 5] * [1 2 ; 4 5]
ans =
9 12
24 33
% gia thn upswsh pinaka se dunamh, prepei o pinakas na einai nxn (tetragwnikos)
% isxuei A^2 = A*A, kai genika A^n = A*A*...*A (n fores)
% PRAKSEIS PINAKA ME ARITHMO
% kanw praksh me ton arithmo kai ka8e stoixeio tou pinaka

>> 3 + A1 % va8mwth pros8esh kai afairesh arithmou me pinaka
ans =
4 5
6 7
% exei diafora to 3 - A1 kai A1 - 3?
>> 3 * A1 % va8mwtos pollaplasiasmos arithmou me pinaka

ans =
3 6
9 12
>> A1/3 % va8mwth diairesh arithmou me pinaka

ans =
0.3333 0.6667
1.0000 1.3333
>> A1' % A1' = anastrofos tou A1 (ginontai oi grammes sthles kai oi

sthles grammes)
ans =
1 3
2 4
>> [1 2 3] * [1 2 3]'
ans =
14
>> [1 2 3]' * [1 2 3]
ans =
1 2 3
2 4 6
3 6 9
% u * u' = eswteriko ginomeno dianusmatwn

% u' * u = ekswteriko ginomeno dianusmatwn
% LUSH SUSTHMATOS GRAMMIKWN EKSISWSEWN
% to A/b = dianusma x = h lush tou susthmatos A*x=b, opou o A einai antistrepsimos

% o A einai antistrepsimos ann h orizousa tou den einai mhden
>> whos
A 4x4 128 double

A1 2x2 32 double
A2 2x2 32 double
a 1x3 24 double
ans 2x2 32 double
b 4x1 32 double
% tha lusoume to parakatw 3x3 susthma grammikwn eksiswsewn

% 3x+2y+z=5 , x-y-z=1, 4x-5y+9z=4
% vriskw ton pinaka twn suntelestwn (A)
>> A = [3 2 1 ; 1 -1 -1 ; 4 -5 9] % oi arithmoi mprosta apo ta x, y, z

A =
3 2 1
1 -1 -1
4 -5 9
>> det(A)
..
>> b = [5 ; 1 ; 4] % to dianusma twn sta8erwn (b)

b =
5
1
4
% x = [x ; y ; z] (to aristera x einai dianusma, to deksia arithmos)

% A*x = b <=> x = A\b
>> x = A\b % xrhsh diaireshs gia epilush tou susthmatos

x =
1.4058
0.3768
0.0290
>> x = inv(A)*B % xrhsh antistrofou pinaka gia epilush tou susthmatos

x =
1.4058
0.3768
0.0290
% an valw ta x = 1.4058, y = 0.3768, z = 0.0290 sto arxiko susthma

% 3x+2y+z=5 , x-y-z=1, 4x-5y+9z=4 , tote oi eksiswseis epali8euontai
% EIDIKOI PINAKES
>> zeros(4,5) % pinakas me 0
ans =
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
>> ones(4,2) % pinakas me 1

ans =
1.00 1.00
1.00 1.00
1.00 1.00
1.00 1.00
>> eye(4,4) % tautotikos pinakas (ti idiothta exei? / poia h sxesh tou me ton
tautotiko pinaka?)
ans =
1.00 0 0 0
0 1.00 0 0
0 0 1.00 0
0 0 0 1.00
% an valw ta zeros,ones,eye xwris orisma, pairnw 1
>> format short g % to format DEN allazei ton upologismo twn metavlhtwn, mono thn
emfanish tous
>> eye(4,4)
ans =
1 0 0 0
0 1 0 0
0 0 1 0
0 0 0 1
% magic(n) = o pinakas me magika tetragwna, me stoixeia tous akeraious apo 1 ws n^2
>> magic(4) % n = 4
ans =
16 2 3 13
5 11 10 8
9 7 6 12
4 14 15 1
% PARAGWGH TYXAIWN ARITHMWN, DIANYSMATWN KAI PINAKWN
% h entolh rand(m,n) dinei enan mxn pinaka tuxaiwn stoixeiwn apo omoiomorfh
katanomh sto [0,1]
>> rand() % xwris parametro, dinei enan tyxaio ari8mo sto [0,1]
ans =
0.09754
>> randn() % to idio me thn rand(), alla apo kanonikh katanomh

ans =
-0.43359
% kataskeuazw pseudotuxaio pinaka 4x3
>> rand(4,3) % an ksanagrapsw thn idia entolh, pairnw allo pinaka

ans =
0.54688 0.97059 0.14189
0.95751 0.95717 0.42176
0.96489 0.48538 0.91574
0.15761 0.80028 0.79221
% an 8elw tuxaio ari8mo apo omoiomorfh katanomh px sto [10,11], grafw 10+rand()
% h entolh p = randperm(n,k) epistrefei dianusma me k tuxaious akeraious apo to 1

ews to n
% xwris epanalhpsh ('anakateuei' tous akeraious ari8mous apo to 1 ews to n kai
pairnei k
% apo autous, opou n>=k).
>> p = randperm(10,10) % 8elw 10 arithmous apo to sunolo {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10}

p =
2 6 1 8 4 9 5 10 3 7
>> p = randperm(10,8) % 8elw 8 arithmous apo to sunolo {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10}

p =
3 2 5 7 6 1 4 10
% more on kai more off -> gia na deixnei tis plirofories ligo ligo sthn ektupwsh, q
gia eksodo
>> more on
% help rand kai help elmat (katalogos eidikwn pinakwn - elementary matrices)
% help gallery (sunarthseis pinakwn) kai help private/(onoma sunarthshs apo
gallery)
>> more off

% DIANUSMATA KAI PINAKES ME VHMA
% pws 8a ftiaksoume dianusma opou to diasthma metaksu twn diadoxikwn stoixeiwn

einai sta8ero? (sxhma)
% u = [prwto stoixeio : vhma : teleutaio epitrepomeno stoixeio]
% oi agkules edw einai proairetikes, ara to u eisagetai kai ws u = prwto stoixeio :
vhma : teleutaio epitrepomeno stoixeio
% an to vhma = 1 tote u = [prwto stoixeio : teleutaio epitrepomeno stoixeio]
>> u = [0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9] % pws 8a ftiaxw auto to dianusma pio suntoma?

u =
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
>> u = [0 : 1 : 9] % ta stoixeia einai se auksousa seira

u =
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
>> u = 0 : 1 : 9 % xwris agkules

u =
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
>> u = [0 : 9] % idio me prin

u =
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
>> u = [1 3 5 7 9] % pws 8a ftiaxw auto to dianusma pio suntoma?

u =
1 3 5 7 9
>> u = [1 : 2 : 9]
u =
1 3 5 7 9
>> u = [1 : 2 : 8] % gi auto elege prin to teleutaio epitrepomeno arithmo: edw

DEN emfanizetai to 8
u =
1 3 5 7
>> u = [-1 2 5 8] % pws 8a ftiaxw auto to dianusma pio suntoma?

u =
-1 2 5 8
>> u = [-1 : 3 : 10]

u =
-1 2 5 8
>> u = [10: -1 : 1] % arnhtiko vhma (ta stoixeia einai se f8inousa seira)

u =
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
% idia idea mporoume na efarmosoume kai stous pinakes
>> A = [1 2 3 4 5 ; 10 8 6 4 2]
A =
1 2 3 4 5
10 8 6 4 2
% ftiaxnoume tis seires (pou einai dianusmata) me vhma
>> A = [1:5 ; 10:-2:2] % alliws: A = [[1:5] ; [10:-2:2]] -> vlepe sunenwsh

pinakwn
A =
1 2 3 4 5
10 8 6 4 2
>> B = [1 2 3 4 5 ; 2 4 6 8 10 ; 3 6 9 12 15]
B =
1 2 3 4 5
2 4 6 8 10
3 6 9 12 15
% o B ?
% EPILOGH STOIXEIOU KAI YPODIANUSMA ENOS DIANYSMATOS
% pws pairnw thn i-osto stoixeio kapoiou dianusmatos?

% an exw to dianusma me morfh u = [u1 u2 ... un]
% tote to u(i) me 1 <= i <= n einai to i-osto stoixeio tou dianusmatos
% to i einai h 8esh tou stoixeiou sto dianusma
>> u = [0 : 0.1 : 1]
u =
Columns 1 through 7
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5
0.6
Columns 8 through 11
0.7 0.8 0.9 1
>> u(3) % to 3o se seira stoixeio tou u einai to 0.2

ans =
0.2
>> u(11) % to 11o se seira stoixeio tou u einai to 1

ans =
1
>> u(12) % den uparxei stoixeio sth 8esh 12

Error...
% allagh stoixeiou
>>u(1) = 5
..
>> u
..
% diagrafh stoixeiou
>> u(1) = []
..
>> u(3:6) = []
..
>> u
..
% pros8hkh stoixeiwn
>> w = [1 2]
w =
1 2
>> w(5) = 1 % stis endiameses 8eseis pou den phran timh, ekxwreitai to 0
w =
1 2 0 0 1
>> w(7:10) = 3
w =
1 2 0 0 1 0 3 3 3 3
>> clear w
>> u = [0 : 0.1 : 1];
% pws pairnw upodianusma enos dianusmatos?

% an u = [u1 u2 ... un], tote to v = u(i:k:j) = [ui ui+k ... uj] einai ena
upodianusma tou u
% opou k to vhma kai 1 <= i <= j <= n
>> u
u =
Columns 1 through 7
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5
0.6
0.7 0.8 0.9 1
% pws 8a parw to v = [0.1 0.2 ... 0.9]?
>> v = u(2:10)
v =
Columns 1 through 7
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6
0.7
Columns 8 through 9
0.8 0.9
% pws 8a parw to v = [0.1 0.3 ... 0.9]?
>> v = u(2:2:10)
v =
0.1 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.9
% pws 8a parw to v = [0.9 0.3]?
>> u(10 : -6 : 4)
ans =
0.9 0.3
>> u
u =
Columns 1 through 7
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5
0.6
0.7 0.8 0.9 1
>> u(1:22)
Error...
>> u(1:1)
ans =
0
>> u(2:2)
ans =
0.1
>> u(3:end) % end = teleutaia 8esh dianusmatos

ans =
Columns 1 through 7
0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7
0.8
Columns 8 through 9
0.9 1
>> u(:) % dinei olo to dianusma grammh se sthlh

ans =
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
% EPILOGH STOIXEIOY KAI YPOPINAKAS ENOS PINAKA (sxhma)
>> whos
A 2x5 80 double
A1 2x2 32 double
A2 2x2 32 double
B 3x5 120 double
C 3x3 72 double
a 1x1 8 double
ans 1x1 8 double
b 3x1 24 double
u 1x11 88 double
v 1x0 0 double
>> A
A =
1 2 3 4 5
10 8 6 4 2
% h entolh A(i,j) dinei to stoixeio tou pinaka A sthn i grammh kai j sthlh
>> A(1,1)
ans =
1
>> A(2,1)
ans =
10
% pws 8a parw upopinaka enos dosmenou pinaka?
A
% A(:,j) = dianusma = h j sthlh tou pinaka A
% A(i,:) = dianusma = h i grammh tou pinaka A
% A(m:n , p:s) = o upopinaka tou A me grammes apo m ws n kai sthles apo p ws s
% A(end,:) = dianusma = h teleutaia grammh tou pinaka A
% A(:,end) = dianusma = h teleutaia sthlh tou pinaka A
>> A(:,2)
ans =
2
8
>> A(3:)
Error
>> A(1:)
Error
>> A(1,:) % prosoxh sto komma

ans =
1 2 3 4 5
>> A(1:2 , 2:2:5)

ans =
2 4
8 4
>> whos
A 2x5 80 double
A1 2x2 32 double
A2 2x2 32 double
B 3x5 120 double
C 3x3 72 double
a 1x1 8 double
ans 2x3 48 double
b 3x1 24 double
u 1x11 88 double
v 1x0 0 double
>> B
B =
1 2 3 4 5
2 4 6 8 10
3 6 9 12 15
% na vre8ei o pinakas [10 6 2 ; 15 9 3]
>> B(2:end , end:-2:1)

ans =
10 6 2
15 9 3
>> A(:,2) = [] % diagrafh 2hs sthlhs

A =
1 3 4 5
10 6 4 2
>> A(2,:) = [1 2 3 4] % antikatastash 2hs grammhs

A =
1 3 4 5
1 2 3 4
>> A(1,1) = 2 % allagh stoixeiou

A =
2 3 4 5
1 2 3 4
>> A(:,2) = 0 % prosoxh: ola ta stoixeia ths deuterhs sthlhs na ginoun 0

A =
2 0 4 5
1 0 3 4
>> A(1:2:3 , 1:2:3) = 11 % ta stoixeia tou upopinaka ... ginontai 11

A =
11 0 11 5
11 0 11 4
% DHMIOURGIA PINAKA ME XRHSH DIANUSMATOS
% px 8elw na ftiaxw ton pinaka:
>> A = [1 2 3 4 ; 5 6 7 8 ; 9 10 11 12 ; 13 14 15 16]
A =
1 2 3 4
5 6 7 8
9 10 11 12
13 14 15 16
% ftiaxnw ena pinaka me IDIA diastash me auton pou 8elw, me oti stoixeia 8elw
>> A = zeros(4) % voleuei giati ftiaxnw ton pinaka me 1 suntomh entolh

A =
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
>> u = [1:16]
u =
Columns 1 through 6
1 2 3 4 5 6
7 8 9 10 11 12
13 14 15 16
>> u(:)
ans =
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
>> A(:)
ans =
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
>> A(:) = u
A =
1 5 9 13
2 6 10 14
3 7 11 15
4 8 12 16
% 8elw oi sthles na ginoun grammes...
>> A = A' % autos einai o pinakas pou zhtousa

A =
1 2 3 4
5 6 7 8
9 10 11 12
13 14 15 16
% pws 8a ftiaxw ton pinaka A = [100 95 90 ; 85 80 75]?

% SYNENWSH PINAKWN KAI DIANUSMATWN (sxhma)
clc
% pws 'megalwnw' ena pinaka?
>> A
A =
1 2 3 4
5 6 7 8
9 10 11 12
13 14 15 16
>> v = [1:4]'
v =
1
2
3
4
% kollaw to dianusma sthlhs v deksia apo ton pinaka A (to anapodo?) / prosoxh stis
diastaseis tous
>> [A v] % mporw na kollhsw pio polla

ans =
1 2 3 4 1
5 6 7 8 2
9 10 11 12 3
13 14 15 16 4
>> u
u =
Columns 1 through 6
1 2 3 4 5 6
7 8 9 10 11 12
13 14 15 16
>> u = [u [17:20]] % pros8esa stoixeia sto telos tou dianusmatos u

u =
Columns 1 through 6
1 2 3 4 5 6
7 8 9 10 11 12
13 14 15 16 17 18
19 20
% pws 8a valw ena akoma 9 dipla sto 9 tou u?
>> u = [u(1:9) 9 u(10:end)]

u =
Columns 1 through 6
1 2 3 4 5 6
7 8 9 9 10 11
12 13 14 15 16 17
18 19 20
% sunepws mporw se ena dianusma na pros8esw oti stoixeia 8elw, se opoiadhpote 8esh
8elw
>> A
A =
1 2 3 4
5 6 7 8
9 10 11 12
13 14 15 16
>> v
v =
1
2
3
4
% edw pros8etw to dianusma grammhs v sthn teleutaia grammh tou pinaka A (oi
diastaseis prepei na sumfwnoun)
>> [A ; v'] % mporw na kollhsw pio polla

ans =
1 2 3 4
5 6 7 8
9 10 11 12
13 14 15 16
1 2 3 4
% px orizw tous pinakes
>> A = [1 2;3 4] ; B = [-4 1;2 0] ; I = eye(2) ; O = zeros(2);
% na vre8oun oi pinakes E = [A B], F = [A (all gram) B], G = [A B (all gram) I O]
>> E = [A B]
E =
1 2 -4 1
3 4 2 0
>> F = [A ; B]
F =
1 2
3 4
-4 1
2 0
>> G = [A B ; I O]
G =
1 2 -4 1
3 4 2 0
1 0 0 0
0 1 0 0
% An 8elw na lusw ena grammiko susthma me morfh A*x=b (opws prin) h na kanw
apaloifh Gauss, xrhsimopoiw ton
% pinaka [A b], o opoios kaleitai epaukshmenos pinakas
% orizousa pinaka (orizetai mono gia tetragwniko (nxn) pinaka)
>> G
G =
1 2 -4 1
3 4 2 0
1 0 0 0
0 1 0 0
>> det(G)
ans =
-2
% 8elw ston G na kanw 4 to -4
>> G(1,3) = 4
G =
1 2 4 1
3 4 2 0
1 0 0 0
0 1 0 0
% H SYNARTHSH CAT
% auth h sunarthsh sunenwnei 2 h pio pollous pinakes kata mhkos mias diastashs
% h cat(1,A,B) sunenwnei tous A kai B sthn die8unsh ston y (panw katw)
% exei to idio apotelesma me thn [A ; B]
% h cat(2,A,B) dhmiourgei ton [A B]
% h cat(3,A,B) dhmiourgei ena pinaka nxnx2 ws pros ton aksona z (vazei ton ena
pinaka mprosta
% apo ton allon)
>> clear all ; clc
>> A = zeros(3)
A =
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
>> A(:)
..
>> u = [1:9]
u =
Columns 1 through 6
1 2 3 4 5 6
Columns 7 through 9
7 8 9
>> A(:) = u
A =
1 4 7
2 5 8
3 6 9
>> A = A'
A =
1 2 3
4 5 6
7 8 9
>> B = zeros(3)
B =
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
>> u = [1:2:17];
>> B(:) = u ; B = B'

B =
1 3 5
7 9 11
13 15 17
>> cat(1,A,B) % enwsh pinakwn ws pros y (panw katw)

ans =
1 2 3
4 5 6
7 8 9
1 3 5
7 9 11
13 15 17
% to cat(2,A,B) den einai to idio me to cat(2,B,A)
>> cat(2,A,B) % enwsh pinakwn ws pros x (deksia aristera)

ans =
1 2 3 1 3 5
4 5 6 7 9 11
7 8 9 13 15 17
>> cat(3,A,B)
ans(:,:,1) =
1 2 3
4 5 6
7 8 9
ans(:,:,2) =
1 3 5
7 9 11
13 15 17
>> whos
A 3x3 72 double
B 3x3 72 double
ans 3x3x2 144 double
u 1x9 72 double
% PROEGKATESTHMENES SYNARTHSEIS TOU MATLAB
% 8elw na vrw to sin(0)

>> sin(0)
ans =
>> sin(pi/2)
ans =
>> sin(pi/4)
ans =
0.7071
>> u = [0 pi/2 pi 3*pi/2 2*pi]

u =
0 1.5708 3.1416 4.7124 6.2832
% parathrw oti to matlab dinei prossegistikh timh tou sin(pi/4)

% dioti leitourgei ari8mhtika. Gia sumvolikh xrhsh tou pi/2, opou isxuei
% sin(pi/4) = sqrt(2)/2 xrhsimopoiw ena paketo pou legetai symbolic
% to sin(u) tha dwsei dianusma me times:
>> sin_ = sin(u) % de dinw onoma metavlhths idio me kapoia desmeumenh leksh (opws
to sin)
>> sin_
..
clc
>> u = [0 : 0.2 : 1];
>> sin(u)
ans =
0 0.20 0.39 0.56 0.72
0.84
>> exp(u)
ans =
1.00 1.22 1.49 1.82 2.23
2.72
% PRAKSEIS METAKSY DIANYSMATWN KAI PINAKWN POY GINONTAI STOIXEIO PROS

STOIXEIO
% mporoume na kanoume prakseis stoixeiwn enos dianusmatos (h pinaka)

% o pollaplasiasmos, diairesh, upswsh se dunamh ginetai kanonkika kai kata stoixeio
% me xrhsh teleias prin thn praksh px: A./B
>> u = [1:2:10]
u =
1 3 5 7 9
>> v = [2:3:14]
v =
2 5 8 11 14
>> u .* v % to dianusma (u .* v)(i) exei stoixeia u(i)*v(i)

ans =
2 15 40 77 126
>> u * v % oi diastaseis de sumfwnoun gia pollaplasiasmo pinakwn

Error
>> v .\ u
ans =
2.0000 1.6667 1.6000 1.5714 1.5556
>> A = [3 5 7 ; 3 4 5 ; 6 7 8]
A =
3 5 7
3 4 5
6 7 8
>> B = [1 2 3 ; 5 6 7 ; 3 4 5]
B =
1 2 3
5 6 7
3 4 5
>> A./B % o pinakas (A ./ B)(i,j) exei stoixeia A(i,j)/B(i,j)

ans =
3.0000 2.5000 2.3333

0.6000 0.6667 0.7143
2.0000 1.7500 1.6000
>> A .* B % o pinakas (A .* B)(i,j) exei stoixeia A(i,j)*B(i,j)

ans =
3 10 21
15 24 35
18 28 40
>> A * B % vlepw oti oi pinakes A .* B kai A * B den einai idioi

ans =
49 64 79
38 50 62
65 86 107
% ta x [] A, opou x arithmos kai [] = +,-,*,/ ginontai kata sunetagmenh opws eidame
>> 3 + A
ans =
6 8 10
6 7 8
9 10 11
>> A + 3
ans =
6 8 10
6 7 8
9 10 11
>> A - 3
ans =
0 2 4
0 1 2
3 4 5
>> 3 - A
ans =
0 -2 -4
0 -1 -2
-3 -4 -5
>> A/2 % einai idio me to A./2

ans =
1.5000 2.5000 3.5000

1.5000 2.0000 2.5000
3.0000 3.5000 4.0000
u = [1:6]
>> u = [1:6]
u =
1 2 3 4 5 6
>> a = u .^ 2 % idio me to u .* u
a =
1 4 9 16 25 36
>> a = sqrt(a)
a =
1 2 3 4 5 6
% edw vriskw to dianusma opou ta stoixeia tou exoun typo (x^3 + 5*x)/(4*x^2 - 10),
gia ka8e arithmo x tou a
>> (a .^ 3 + 5*a) ./ (4*a.^2 - 10)
% XRHSIMES SYNARTHSEIS GIA DIANYSMATA
% max,min,length,sort,sum,prod,norm,median,mean,std
% megisto stoixeio dianusmatos,megisto stoixeio dianusmatos,mhkos dinusmatos,
% auksousa taksinomhsh stoixeiwn dianusmatos, a8roisma stoixeiwn, ginomeno
stoixeiwn
% norma, diamesos, mesh timh, tupikh apoklish
% help sort
>> u = [-1 4 2 6 -3 -10 0 3 2]
>> u = [-1 4 2 6 -3 -10 0 3 2]
u =
-1 4 2 6 -3 -10 0 3 2
% na vre8ei to elaxisto, megisto, elaxisto kata apoluth timh, megisto kata apoluth
timh
% stoixeio tou u
% telos, na vroume posous arithmous periexei, na taksinomhsoume me f8inousa seira
% kai na vroume to a8roisma kai to ginomeno twn stoixeiwn tou.
% prosoxh: an exw to dianusma u = (1,2,3), to norm tou (mhkos dianusmatos)

% einai norm = sqrt(1^2 + 2^2 + 3^2)
% to plithos twn stoixeiwn tou (length) einai 3, dioti 8elw 3 arithmous gia na
% vrw th 8esh tou sto xwro. mh mperdeueis to mhkos tou dianusmatos (norm) me to
length
% VASIKA STOIXEIA PLOTTING
% tha diamerisoume (xwrisoume) to [-2,2] se isa upodiasthmata me vhma 0.2 kai 8a

valoume
% olous tous arithmous sto dianusma u (posoi ari8moi 8a prokupsoun?)
% meta, se ena dianusma v 8a valoume ton arithmo e^x gia ka8e arithmo x sto u
>> format short
>> u = [-2:0.2:2]
u =
Columns 1 through 9
-2.0000 -1.8000 -1.6000 -1.4000 -1.2000 -1.0000 -0.8000 -0.6000

-0.4000
-0.2000 0 0.2000 0.4000 0.6000 0.8000 1.0000 1.2000

1.4000
1.6000 1.8000 2.0000
>> length(u)
ans =
21
>> v = exp(u)
v =
Columns 1 through 9
0.1353 0.1653 0.2019 0.2466 0.3012 0.3679 0.4493 0.5488

0.6703
0.8187 1.0000 1.2214 1.4918 1.8221 2.2255 2.7183 3.3201
4.0552
4.9530 6.0496 7.3891
% 8a ftiaxoume th grafikh ths synarthshs y = e^x (mh mperdeuesai me ta u,v,x,y) sto

[-2,2]
% MONO omws sta shmeia pou exw, oxi se ola pou einai apeira
>> plot(u,v)
% 8a kanw to idio se megalutero diasthma
>> u = [-10 : 2: 10]

u =
-10 -8 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 8 10
>> v = exp(u)
v =
Columns 1 through 9
0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0001 0.0007 0.0055

0.0403
0.2981 2.2026
>> plot(u,v)
% ti parathrw?
>> u = [-10:2:10];
>> v = u.^2
v =
100 64 36 16 4 0 4 16 36 64 100
>> plot(u,v) % grafikh ths paravolhs y = x^2 sta stoixeia tou u
% to matlab enwnei ta diadoxika zeugh (x,y) tou epipedou me eu8eies

% an h grafikh einai kampulh, prepei na parw polla shmeia kontina gia na uparxei
% h pseudais8hsh ths kampulwshs. An vevaia kanw arketo zoom in, 8a dw oti panta
% ta shmeia enwnontai me eu8eies
% 8a doume thn plot se ksexwristo kefalaio
% H ENTOLH LINSPACE
% pws 8a parw n shmeia isapexonta se ena diasthma?

% me thn entolh u = [-10:2:10] prepei na kanw th diairesh gia na vrw posa einai
% alliws xrhsimopoiw thn linspace
% h linspace(x1,x2,n) epistrefei dianusma me n ISAPEXONTA shmeia (mazi me ta akra)
% pou apexoun apostash (x2-x1)/(n-1) metaksu tous
% paradeigma: 8elw na xwrisw to [0.1,1] se 10 shmeia
>>format short g
>> linspace(0.1,1,10)
ans =
Columns 1 through 7
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6

0.7
0.8 0.9 1
% ta shmeia apexoun (1-0.1)/(10-1) = 0.1

>> linspace(0,1,11)
ans =
Columns 1 through 7
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5

0.6
0.7 0.8 0.9 1
>> length(linspace(0,1)) % otan den dinw to plithos twn shmeiwn, h

proka8orismenh timh einai 100 shmeia
ans =
100
% 8a xsanaftiaksw thn grafikh ths y=x^2 sto [-10,10] me polla perissotera shmeia
sto
% pedio orismou ths
>> u = linspace(-10,10,1000);
>> v = u.^2;
>> plot(u,v)
% eswteriko kai ekswteriko ginomeno dianusmatwn
>> dot([1 2 3],[2 1 5]) % eswteriko ginomeno dianusmatwn

ans =
19
>> cross([1 2 2],[1 5 1]) % ekswteriko ginomeno

ans =
-8 1 3
% XRSIMES SYNARTHSEIS GIA PINAKES
% max,min,diag,size,reshape,length,norm,det,trace,rank,inv,eig,poly
>> help matfun
>> A = ones(4,3)
A =
1 1 1
1 1 1
1 1 1
1 1 1
>> length(A) % h megaluterh diastash tou pinaka
ans =
>> size(A) % to megethos tou pinaka se dianusma
ans =
4 3
% allazoun oi diastaseis tou pinaka. o neos pinakas prepei na exei osa stoixeia
exei o palios
>> A = reshape(A, 2, 6)
..
>> C = zeros(4,5)
C =
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
>> C(:) = randperm(100,20)

C =
80 82 69 63 9
95 89 36 3 92
65 64 59 24 57
4 71 16 97 26
>> max(C) % 8a dwsei dianusma me to megalutero stoixeio gia ka8e sthlh

ans =
95 89 69 97 92
>> max(C') % 8a dwsei dianusma me to megalutero stoixeio gia ka8e grammh

ans =
82 95 65 97
% to idio me to min(C), min(C')
% megisto kai elaxisto stoixeio olou tou pinaka
>> max(max(C))
ans =
97
>> min(min(C))
ans =
% orizw ena tetragwniko pinaka kai 8a vrw ta size,det,trace,rank,inv tou
>> A = [1 -3 3 ; 3 -5 3 ; 6 -6 4]
A =
1 -3 3
3 -5 3
6 -6 4
>> size(A)
ans =
3 3
>> det(A)
ans =
16
% afou o pinakas A einai tetragwniko kai exei mh mhdenikh orizousa, shmainei oti
orizetai o antistrofos tou
>> inv(A)
ans =
-0.125 -0.375 0.375

0.375 -0.875 0.375
0.75 -0.75 0.25
>> A
A =
1 -3 3
3 -5 3
6 -6 4
>> trace(A) % to a8roisma twn stoixeiwn ths diagwniou tou pinaka A

ans =
>> rank(A)
ans =
>> eig(A)
ans =
4 + 0i
-2 + 1.1047e-15i
-2 - 1.1047e-15i
>> A = [2 0 -2 ; 0 4 0 ; -2 0 5]
A =
2 0 -2
0 4 0
-2 0 5
>> eig(A)
ans =
1
4
6
% 3 idiotimes se dianusma sthlh
>> [P, D] = eig(A)

P =
-0.89443 0 -0.44721
0 1 0
-0.44721 0 0.89443
D =
1 0 0
0 4 0
0 0 6
>> poly(A) % xarakthristiko polywnumo

ans =
1 -11 34 -24

Tutorial 02 (Matrices)

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Tutorial 02 (Matrices)

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>> % cd 'C:\Users\NOBIS\Documents\MATLAB' % allagh fakelou

>> diary 'matrices.txt'

% EISAGWGH DIANYSMATWN KAI PINAKWN

% oi pinakes kai ta dianusmata xrhsimeuoun sto matlab gia na apo8ikeuoun

% ta dianusmata einai eidikes periptwseis pinakwn

>> q = [1,2] % dianusma grammhs

>> q = [1;2;3] % dianusma sthlhs

>> q = [1 2 ; 3 4] % pinakas diastashs 2x2

>> clear q % diegrapsa th metavlhth q

>> [log(1) 2^0 sqrt(4)]

% se ena pinaka, eisagw ta stoixeia grammh pros grammh

% plirofories gia tis apo8ikeumenes metavlhtes

A 4x4 128 double

>> A1 + A2 % ta stoixeia tou pinaka A1 + A2 vriskontai etsi: (A1 + A2)(i,j) =

>> A1 - A2 % ta stoixeia tou pinaka A1 - A2 vriskontai etsi: (A1 - A2)(i,j) =

>> A1 * A2 % sxhma gia to pws orizetai o pollaplasiasmos pinakwn (exei duskolo

>> [1 2 3] * [4 ; 5 ; 6] % h praksh an allaxoume th seira twn pinakwn ti

% PRAKSEIS PINAKA ME ARITHMO

% kanw praksh me ton arithmo kai ka8e stoixeio tou pinaka

% exei diafora to 3 - A1 kai A1 - 3?

>> 3 * A1 % va8mwtos pollaplasiasmos arithmou me pinaka

>> A1/3 % va8mwth diairesh arithmou me pinaka

>> A1' % A1' = anastrofos tou A1 (ginontai oi grammes sthles kai oi

% u * u' = eswteriko ginomeno dianusmatwn

% LUSH SUSTHMATOS GRAMMIKWN EKSISWSEWN

% to A/b = dianusma x = h lush tou susthmatos A*x=b, opou o A einai antistrepsimos

A 4x4 128 double

% tha lusoume to parakatw 3x3 susthma grammikwn eksiswsewn

% vriskw ton pinaka twn suntelestwn (A)

>> A = [3 2 1 ; 1 -1 -1 ; 4 -5 9] % oi arithmoi mprosta apo ta x, y, z

>> b = [5 ; 1 ; 4] % to dianusma twn sta8erwn (b)

% x = [x ; y ; z] (to aristera x einai dianusma, to deksia arithmos)

>> x = A\b % xrhsh diaireshs gia epilush tou susthmatos

>> x = inv(A)*B % xrhsh antistrofou pinaka gia epilush tou susthmatos

% an valw ta x = 1.4058, y = 0.3768, z = 0.0290 sto arxiko susthma

>> ones(4,2) % pinakas me 1

% an valw ta zeros,ones,eye xwris orisma, pairnw 1

% magic(n) = o pinakas me magika tetragwna, me stoixeia tous akeraious apo 1 ws n^2

% PARAGWGH TYXAIWN ARITHMWN, DIANYSMATWN KAI PINAKWN

>> randn() % to idio me thn rand(), alla apo kanonikh katanomh

% kataskeuazw pseudotuxaio pinaka 4x3

>> rand(4,3) % an ksanagrapsw thn idia entolh, pairnw allo pinaka

% h entolh p = randperm(n,k) epistrefei dianusma me k tuxaious akeraious apo to 1

>> p = randperm(10,10) % 8elw 10 arithmous apo to sunolo {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10}

>> p = randperm(10,8) % 8elw 8 arithmous apo to sunolo {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10}

>> more off

% pws 8a ftiaksoume dianusma opou to diasthma metaksu twn diadoxikwn stoixeiwn

>> u = [0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9] % pws 8a ftiaxw auto to dianusma pio suntoma?

>> u = [0 : 1 : 9] % ta stoixeia einai se auksousa seira

>> u = 0 : 1 : 9 % xwris agkules

>> u = [0 : 9] % idio me prin

>> u = [1 3 5 7 9] % pws 8a ftiaxw auto to dianusma pio suntoma?

>> u = [1 : 2 : 8] % gi auto elege prin to teleutaio epitrepomeno arithmo: edw

>> u = [-1 2 5 8] % pws 8a ftiaxw auto to dianusma pio suntoma?

>> u = [-1 : 3 : 10]

>> u = [10: -1 : 1] % arnhtiko vhma (ta stoixeia einai se f8inousa seira)

% idia idea mporoume na efarmosoume kai stous pinakes

% ftiaxnoume tis seires (pou einai dianusmata) me vhma

>> A = [1:5 ; 10:-2:2] % alliws: A = [[1:5] ; [10:-2:2]] -> vlepe sunenwsh

% EPILOGH STOIXEIOU KAI YPODIANUSMA ENOS DIANYSMATOS

% pws pairnw thn i-osto stoixeio kapoiou dianusmatos?

>> u(3) % to 3o se seira stoixeio tou u einai to 0.2

>> u = [0 pi/2 pi 3pi/2 2pi]

>> (a .^ 3 + 5a) ./ (4a.^2 - 10)