GRE Master Wordlist: 1535 Words For Verbal Mastery (Fourth Edition)

You might also like

Download as pdf or txt
Download as pdf or txt
You are on page 1of 27

TEST PREP SERIES

2021 Edition

GRE
®

MASTER WORDLIST:
1535 WORDS FOR VERBAL MASTERY
Fifth Edition

1535 essential words for


complete preparation

Learn
to use the words in the right context
through sample sentences

List to need in the exam


of synonyms and antonyms you are going

Build parts of speech the words belong to


a deeper understanding by knowing the
®
GRE Master Wordlist:
1535 Words For Verbal Mastery
Fifth Edition

© 2021, By Vibrant Publishers, USA. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or
distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior per-
mission of the publisher.

Paperback ISBN 10: 1-63651-017-5


Paperback ISBN 13: 978-1-63651-017-0

Ebook ISBN 10: 1-63651-018-3


Ebook ISBN 13: 978-1-63651-018-7

Library of Congress Control Number: 2012916199

This publication is designed to provide accurate and authoritative information in regard to the subject matter
covered. The Author has made every effort in the preparation of this book to ensure the accuracy of the infor-
mation. However, information in this book is sold without warranty either expressed or implied. The Author
or the Publisher will not be liable for any damages caused or alleged to be caused either directly or indirectly
by this book.

Vibrant Publishers books are available at special quantity discount for sales promotions, or for use in corpo-
rate training programs. For more information please write to bulkorders@vibrantpublishers.com

Please email feedback / corrections (technical, grammatical or spelling) to spellerrors@vibrantpublishers.com

To access the complete catalogue of Vibrant Publishers, visit www.vibrantpublishers.com

GRE is the registered trademark of the Educational Testing Service (ETS) which neither sponsors nor endorses
this product.
Yfgqj$tk$Htsyjsyx
12 CDCUG!.!CRNQOD 2
cdcug!//////////!cduekuukqp 3
cdueqpf!//////////!ceeqtf 4
ceequv!//////////!cewkv{ 5
cewogp!//////////!cfxqecvg 6
cgtkg!//////////!cnngiqt{ 7
cnngxkcvg!//////////!corjkvjgcvgt 8
cornkh{!//////////!cppqvcvg 9
cppwkv{!//////////!cpvkrcvj{ ;
cpvkvjguku!//////////!crnqod 21

13 CRQECN[RVKE!.!DGOWUGF 22
crqecn{rvke!//////////!crrtckug 23
crrtgjgpukxg!//////////!ctejgv{rg 24
ctejkxgu!//////////!cukpkpg 25
cumcpeg!//////////!cvcxkuo 26
cvjgkuvke!//////////!cwuvgtg 27
cwvjgpvkecvg!//////////!dcnghwn 28
dcnncuv!//////////!dcvg 29
76J7A; `````````` 7;A?UA; 2;
dgnnkequg!//////////!dgowugf 31

14 DGPGFKEVKQP!.!EGPVCWT 32
dgpgfkevkqp!//////////!dkecogtcn 33
dkemgt!//////////!dnwfigqp 34
dnwtv!//////////!dtciicfqekq 35
dtcpfkuj!//////////!dwnyctm 36
dwping!//////////!ecnkdgt 37
ecnnqy!//////////!ectekpqigpke 38
ectggp!//////////!ecvjctuku 39
ecwewu!//////////!egpvcwt 3;
15 EGPVTKHWIG!.!EQPEQOKVCPV 42
egpvtkhwig!//////////!ejcug 43
ejcuuku!//////////!eknkcvgf 44
ekrjgt!//////////!enctkqp 45
encwuvtqrjqdkc!//////////!eqfc 46
eqffng!//////////!eqnncig 47
eqnncvg!//////////!eqorcev 48
eqorgnnkpi!//////////!eqortkug!! 49
eqortqokug!//////////!eqpeqokvcpv 4;

16 EQPEQTF!.!FGPKITCVG 52
8DC8DG9 `````````` 8DCQJ;C8; 53
eqphqtokv{!//////////!eqpugpuwu 54
eqpugswgpvkcn!//////////!eqpvtcdcpf 55
eqpvtkvg!//////////!eqttqdqtcvg 56
eqvgtkg!//////////!et{rv 57
ewkukpg!//////////!fgdknkvcvg 58
fgdwpm!//////////!fghqnkcvg 59
fghtqem!//////////!fgpkitcvg 5;

17 FGPQWGOGPV!.!GRKUVGOQNQIKUV 62
fgpqwgogpv!//////////!fgvqpcvkqp 63
fgvtkogpvcn!//////////!fkqtcoc 64
fktig!//////////!fkurctcig 65
fkurctcvg!//////////!fqnv 66
fquukgt!//////////!geqnqikuv 67
;R68; `````````` ;AA?EI?86A 68
gnqswgpeg!//////////!gpetqcejogpv 69
gpfgoke!//////////!gqp 6;
grcwngv!//////////!grkuvgoqnqikuv 71

18 GRKVCRJ!.!ICYM 72
grkvcrj!//////////!gwigpke 73
gwnqi{!//////////!gzkiwqwu 74
gzqpgtcvg!//////////!hcegvkqwu 75
<68H?B?A; `````````` P8I?I?DJH 76
P=JG6I?K; `````````` QJM 77
hqkdng!//////////!htcwfwngpv 78
htgpgvke!//////////!hwtvkxg 79
hwuknncfg!//////////!icttwnkv{ 7;
icttwnqwu!//////////!icym 81
19 IGPGCNQI[!.!KORQNKVKE 82
igpgcnqi{!//////////!incekcn 83
ingcp!//////////!itwgn 84
=JR6L `````````` >6G6C=J; 85
jctdkpigt!//////////!jgvgtqigpgqwu 86
jgy!//////////!jwddwd 87
jwg!//////////!kfgqnqi{ 88
kfkqu{petcvke!//////////!korcuukxg 89
korgeecdng!//////////!kornkekv!! 8;
kornqfg!//////////!korqnkvke 91

1; KORQTVWPG!.!NGIGTFGOCKP 92
korqtvwpg!//////////!kpeguucpv 93
kpejqcvg!//////////!kpetgogpv 94
kpetwuvcvkqp!//////////!kpgttcpe{ 95
kpgzqtcdng!//////////!kpucnwdtkqwu 96
kpugpucvg!//////////!kpvgttgipwo!! 97
kpvgturgtug!//////////!kttgeqpekncdng 98
kttgrtguukdng!//////////!ncdkng 99
ncejt{oqug!//////////!ngigtfgockp 9;

21 NGVJCTIKE!.!PQEVWTPCN ;2
ngvjctike!//////////!nqpigxkv{ ;3
nqswcekqwu!//////////!ocko ;4
ocncrtqrkuo!//////////!ocvtkctej ;5
ocvtkz!//////////!ogvgqtke ;6
ogvtqrqnku!//////////!okuqi{pkuv ;7
okvkicvg!//////////!oqtqug ;8
oqtvkh{!//////////!pgdwnqwu ;9
pgetqocpe{!//////////!pkr ;;
pktxcpc!//////////!pqevwtpcn 211

22 PQKUQOG!.!RNCWFKVQT[ 212
pqkuqog!//////////!pqzkqwu 213
pwokuocvkuv!//////////!qfqtkhgtqwu!! 214
qnkictej{!//////////!qtvjqitcrj{ 215
quugqwu!//////////!rcnnkcvg 216
rcpcejg!//////////!rcvkpc 217
rcvqku!//////////!rgtegrvkqp 218
rgtgitkpcvkqp!//////////!rjkncpfgtgt 219
rjkncpvjtqrkuv!//////////!rncwfkvqt{ 21;
23 RNGDGKCP!.!TGRWFKCVG 222
rngdgkcp!//////////!rtciocvke 223
rtgcodng!//////////!rtguekgpeg 224
rtgxctkecvg!//////////!rtqnkhgtcvg 225
rtqnqiwg!//////////!rtqz{ 226
rtwpg!//////////!swctcpvkpg 227
swgcu{!//////////!tcxgpqwu 228
tgcno!//////////!tgkvgtcvg 229
tgngicvg!//////////!tgrwfkcvg 22;

24 TGSWKGO!.!UNGY 232
tgswkgo!//////////!tgvtcevkqp 233
tgvtkgxg!//////////!tqugcvg 234
tquvtwo!//////////!ucncekqwu 235
ucnwdtkqwu!//////////!uejkuo 236
ueqwtig!//////////!ugokpct{ 237
ugpukvk|cvkqp!//////////!ujgch 238
ujgcvjg!//////////!umwnm 239
uncmg!//////////!ungy 23;

25 UNQWIJ!.!VGPUKNG 242
unqwij!//////////!uqnuvkeg 243
uqocvke!//////////!urqtcfke 244
urwtkqwu!//////////!uvkrwncvg 245
uvqemcfg!//////////!uwdqtp 246
uwdrqgpc!//////////!uwrgteknkqwu 247
HJE;GQJDJH `````````` HL?C9A;G 248
u{dctkvg!//////////!vctt{ 249
vcwv!//////////!vgpukng 24;

26 VGRKF!.!XKUEQWU 252
vgrkf!//////////!vkrrng 253
vktcfg!//////////!vqwejuvqpg 254
vtcevcdng!//////////!vtgownqwu 255
vtkdwpcn!//////////!wpeqpuekqpcdng 256
wpevwqwu!//////////!wprtgegfgpvgf!! 257
wptgswkvgf!//////////!xctkgicvgf 258
xgjgogpv!//////////!xgtucvkng 259
xgtvkiq!//////////!xkueqwu 25;
27 XKVKCVG!.!\GRJ[T 262
xkvkcvg!//////////!ycpvqp 263
yctdng!//////////!ytcvj 264
ytkvjg!//////////!|grj{t 265
Fgct!Tgcfgtu-!

Vjcpm!{qw!hqt!rwtejcukpi!ITG!Ocuvgt!Yqtfnkuv<!2646!Yqtfu!Hqt!Xgtdcn!Ocuvgt{[ 5; 6H; 8ECC?W;9 JE


rwdnkujkpi!dqqmu!vjcv!ctg!eqpvgpv.tkej-!eqpekug!cpf!crrtqcejcdng!gpcdnkpi!oqtg!uvwfgpvu!vq!tgcf!cpf!ocmg!
vjg!hwnnguv!wug!qh!vjgo/!Yg!jqrg!vjku!dqqm!rtqxkfgu!vjg!oquv!gptkejkpi!ngctpkpi!gzrgtkgpeg!cu!{qw!rtgrctg!hqt!
{qwt!ITG!gzco/

Ujqwnf!{qw!jcxg!cp{!swguvkqpu!qt!uwiiguvkqpu-!hggn!htgg!vq!gockn!wu!cv!tgcejwuBxkdtcpvrwdnkujgtu/eqo

Vjcpmu!cickp!hqt!{qwt!rwtejcug/!Iqqf!nwem!hqt!{qwt!ITG"

˜!Xkdtcpv!Rwdnkujgtu!Vgco
ITG!Dqqmu!kp!Vguv!Rtgr!Ugtkgu
Xgtdcn!Kpukijvu!qp!vjg!ITG! ITG!Cpcn{vkecn!Ytkvkpi<!Uqnwvkqpu!vq!vjg!Tgcn!
Igpgtcn!Vguv Guuc{!Vqrkeu!.!Dqqm!4!)Hkhvj!Gfkvkqp*
KUDP<!;89.2.;57494.47.6 KUDP<!;89.2.;5;4;6.71.1

ITG!Cpcn{vkecn!Ytkvkpi!Dkdng<!Uqnwvkqpu!vq!vjg!Tgcn! ITG!Cpcn{vkecn!Ytkvkpi<!Uqnwvkqpu!vq!vjg!Tgcn!
Guuc{!Vqrkeu!)Ugeqpf!Gfkvkqp* Guuc{!Vqrkeu!.!Dqqm!3!)Hkhvj!Gfkvkqp*
KUDP<!;89.2.;5;4;6.62.9 KUDP<!;89.2.;5;4;6.68.1

ITG!Swcpvkvcvkxg!Tgcuqpkpi<! ITG!Vgzv!Eqorngvkqp!cpf!Ugpvgpeg!
631!Rtcevkeg!Swguvkqpu Gswkxcngpeg!Rtcevkeg!Swguvkqpu
KUDP<!;89.2.;57494.99.5 KUDP<!;89.2.;57494.43.8

ITG!Tgcfkpi!Eqortgjgpukqp<!Fgvckngf! ITG!Ocuvgt!Yqtf!Nkuv<!2646!Yqtfu
Uqnwvkqpu!vq!436!Swguvkqpu hqt!Xgtdcn!Ocuvgt{
KUDP<!;89.2.;57494.41.4 KUDP<!;89.2.;5;4;6.99.5

ITG!Yqtf!Nkuv<!5;2!Guugpvkcn!Yqtfu 7!Rtcevkeg!Vguvu!hqt!vjg!ITG
KUDP<!;89.2.;57494.51.3 KUDP<!;89.2.;57494.45.2

ITG!Yqtfu!kp!Eqpvgzv<!Nkuv!2 ITG!Yqtfu!kp!Eqpvgzv<!Nkuv!3
KUDP<!;89.2.;57494.53.7 KUDP<!;89.2.;57494.54.4

ITG!Yqtfu!kp!Eqpvgzv<!Ejcnngpikpi! Eqpswgt!vjg!ITG<!Uvtguu!Ocpcigogpv!
Nkuv '!C!Rgthgev!Uvwf{!Rncp
KUDP<!;89.2.;57494.55.1 KUDP<!;89.2.58;327.;6.7

ITG!Yqtfu!kp!Eqpvgzv<!Vjg! ITG!Xgtdcn!Tgcuqpkpi<!Uvwf{!Iwkfg!ykvj!
Eqorngvg!Nkuv 7;6!Rtcevkeg!Swguvkqpu
KUDP<!;89.2.;5;4;6.29.2 KUDP<!;89.2.;5;4;6.25.4

Hqt!vjg!oquv!wrfcvgf!nkuv!qh!dqqmu!xkukv!
yyy/xkdtcpvrwdnkujgtu/eqo
Vjku!rcig!ku!kpvgpvkqpcnn{!nghv!dncpm
Ejcrvgt!12 CDCUG!.!CRNQOD
Vjku!ejcrvgt!eqxgtu!vjg!hqnnqykpi!yqtfu!cnqpi!ykvj!vjgkt!rctv!qh!urggej-!rtqpwpekcvkqp-!
u{pqp{ou!cpf!cpvqp{o-!kh!crrnkecdng/!Ucorng!wucig!qh!vjg!yqtf!ku!cnuq!knnwuvtcvgf/

YQTFU RCIG!PQ

cdcug!!~!!cdcuj!!~!!cdfkecvg!!~!!cdgttcpv!!~!!cdg{cpeg!!~!!cdlwtg!!~!!cdpgicvkqp!!~!!cdqokpcvg!!~!!
cdtcukxg!!~!!cdtkfig!!~!!cdtqicvg!!~!!cduekuukqp
3

cdueqpf!!~!!cduvckp!!~!!cduvgokqwu!!~!!cduvkpgpeg!!~!!cduvtwug!!~!!cdwv!!~!!ceegfg!!~!!
ceeguukdng!!~!!ceeguuqt{!!~!!ceenkxkv{!!~!!ceeqncfg!!~!!ceeqtf
4

ceequv!!~!!ceeqwvgt!!~!!ceetgvkqp!!~!!ceetwg!!~!!cegtdkv{!!~!!cekfwnqwu!!~!!ceqwuvkeu!!~!!
68GK?;I8; e 68GK?W6B e 68HEF>E7?6 e 68JK6H?6B e 68JK6J; e 68K?JO
5

cewogp!!~!!cfcig!!~!!cffgpfwo!!~!!cffng!!~!!cfjgtg!!~!!cflwpev!!~!!cflwtcvkqp!!~!!cftqkv!!~!!
cfwncvkqp!!~!!cfxgpvkvkqwu!!~!!cfxgtukv{!!~!!cfxqecvg
6

6;H?; e 6T67B; e 6UB?6J?ED e 6VK;D8; e 6==BEC;H6J?ED e 6==H;IIEH e 6=DEIJ?8 e


cncetkv{!!~!!cnejgo{!!~!!cnnc{!!~!!cnngig!!~!!cnngiqt{
7

cnngxkcvg!!~!!cnvtwkuvke!!~!!codkfgzvtqwu!!~!!codkiwqwu!!~!!codkxcngpeg!!~!!codtqukc!!~!!
cognkqtcvg!!~!!cogpcdng!!~!!cogpkvkgu!!~!!copguv{!!~!!coqm!!~!!corjkvjgcvgt
8

cornkh{!!~!!cpcejtqpkuo!!~!!cpcniguke!!~!!cpctejkuv!!~!!cpcvjgoc!!~!!cpcvjgocvk|g!!~!!
cpeknnct{!!~!!cpkocfxgtukqp!!~!!cpkoqukv{!!~!!cppgcn!!~!!cppkjkncvg!!~!!cppqvcvg
9

cppwkv{!!~!!cpqf{pg!!~!!cpqkpv!!~!!cpqp{okv{!!~!!cpvciqpkuvke!!~!!cpvgegfg!!~!!cpvgfknwxkcp!!~!!
cpvjtqrqnqikuv!!~!!cpvjtqrqoqtrjke!!~!!cpvkenkocz!!~!!cpvkfqvg!!~!!cpvkrcvj{
;

cpvkvjguku!!~!!crjcukc!!~!!crjqtkuo!!~!!crnqod 21

yyy/xkdtcpvrwdnkujgtu/eqo
3 ITG!Ocuvgt!Yqtfnkuv<!2646!Yqtfu!hqt!Xgtdcn!Ocuvgt{

CDCUG!!)x*!!]wj.DG[U_! ! ! !!!!!!!!!!1112 CDPGICVKQP!!)p*!!]cd.pk.IG[.ujwj!p_! !!!!!!!!!!1118


U{p<!nqygt=!jwoknkcvg U{p< H;FK9?6J?ED^ I;B<fI68H?R8;^ H;B?DGK?I>C;DJ
Cpv<!gzcnv=!gngxcvg=!jqpqt=!tckug=!rtqoqvg Cpv<!cuugtvkqp=!tgvgpvkqp=!ockpvgpcpeg=!jqnf
Wucig<!Vq!cff!kpuwnv!vq!kplwt{-!jg!hwtvjgt!cdcugf!jgt! Wucig<!Dwv!vjku!cdpgicvkqp!qh!tgurqpukdknkv{!ku!
d{!vjtqykpi!vjg!tgrqtv!cv!jgt!kp!vjg!rtgugpeg!qh!vjg! dtkpikpi!ykvj!kv!vjg!cpctej{-!ejcqu-!cpf!xkqngpeg!
H;IJ E< J>; IJ6T[ kp!uqekgv{/

CDCUJ!!)x*!!]wj.DCUJ_! ! ! !!!!!!!!!!1113 CDQOKPCVG!!)x*!!]wj.DQO.wj.pg{v_! !!!!!!!!!!1119


U{p<!godcttcuu U{p<!nqcvjg=!jcvg
Cpv<!gpeqwtcig=!ejggt=!cpkocvg=!godqnfgp=!kpekvg Cpv<!nqxg=!cdkfg
Wucig<!Vjg!ytkvgt!hgnv!cdcujgf!uggkpi!vjg!coqwpv!qh! Wucig<!Jg!jcu!uwej!c!nqcvjuqog!rgtuqpcnkv{!vjcv!
6W;DJ?ED >; M6I H;8;?L?D=[ cp{!ucpg!rgtuqp!yqwnf!cdqokpcvg!jko/

CDFKECVG!!)x*!!]CD.fk.mg{v_! ! !!!!!!!!!!1114 CDTCUKXG!!)cfl*!!]wj.DTG[.ukx_! ! !!!!!!!!!!111;


U{p<!tgpqwpeg=!ikxg!wr=!tgnkpswkuj U{p<!ecwuvke=!eqttqukxg=!twddkpi!cyc{=!vgpfkpi!
Cpv<!qeewr{=!tgvckp=!ockpvckp vq!itkpf!fqyp!qt!cdtcfg=!ecwukpi!kttkvcvkqp-!
Wucig<!Jg!cdfkecvgf!jku!gpvktg!guvcvg!cpf!tgvktgf! cppq{cpeg-!qt!dcf!hggnkpiu
kpvq!vjg!hqtguv-!urgpfkpi!vjg!tguv!qh!jku!nkhg!kp!c!nqi! Cpv<!ecno=!oknf=!uqqvjkpi=!nkmcdng
ecdkp/ Wucig<!Vjg!dwknfgt!gzrnckpgf!vjcv!vjg!ocvgtkcn!
ycu!cdtcukxg!cpf!jgpeg!yqwnf!gcukn{!etwodng!vq!
CDGTTCPV!!)cfl*!!]wj.DGT.wj!pv_! ! !!!!!!!!!!1115 rqyfgt/
U{p<!cdpqtocn=!fgxkcpv
Cpv<!pqtocn CDTKFIG!!)x*!!]wj.dtkl_!! ! ! !!!!!!!!!!1121
Wucig<!Pqtocnn{!c!ecno!cpf!uvgcf{!yqtmgt-! U{p<!eqpfgpug!qt!ujqtvgp
tgegpvn{!Lko”u!dgjcxkqt!jcu!dggp!pqvgf!vq!dg! Cpv<!ngpivjgp-!crrgpf
cdgttcpv/ Wucig<!Vjg!mg{!kuuwgu!ctg!nkuvgf!dgnqy!kp!cp!
cdtkfigf!xgtukqp!qh!vjg!ockn!ugpv!vq!jko/
CDG[CPEG!!)p*!!]wj.DG[.wj!pu_! ! !!!!!!!!!!1116
U{p<!uwurgpfgf!cevkqp=!kpcevkxkv{=!eguucvkqp=! CDTQICVG!!)cfl*!!]CD.twj.ig{v_! ! !!!!!!!!!!1122
uwurgpukqp U{p<!cdqnkuj=!pwnnkh{
Cpv<!eqpvkpwcpeg Cpv<!crrtqxg=!guvcdnkuj=!ucpevkqp=!uwrrqtv
Wucig<!Dwv!vjgug!tkijvu!qh!cfwnvjqqf!ctg!kp!cdg{cpeg! Wucig<!Kv!ycu!Cdtcjco!Nkpeqnp!yjq!vqqm!vjg!
fwtkpi!vjg!rgtkqf!qh!rwrkncig!qt!pqpcig/ kpkvkcvkxg!vq!cdtqicvg!uncxgt{!kp!Cogtkec/

CDLWTG!!)x*!!]cd.LQQ!t_!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!1117 CDUEKUUKQP!!)p*!!]cd.UK\J.wjp_! ! !!!!!!!!!!1123


U{p<!tgpqwpeg=!tgrwfkcvg=!tgvtcev U{p< H;CEL6B 7O 8KW?D= ET\ 6I ?D IKH=;HO^
Cpv<!encko=!cuugtv=!rtqhguu=!xkpfkecvg=!tgvckp=! ugrctcvkqp=!ugevkqp
ockpvckp-!jqnf Cpv<!lqkpkpi=!tgeqodkpcvkqp!!
Wucig<!Vq!ucxg!jku!umkp-!jg!ukorn{!cdlwtgf!gxgt{! Wucig<!Vjg!fqevqt!gzrnckpgf!vjcv!vjg!rncppgf!
uvcvgogpv!vjg{!jcf!ocfg-!jwodnkpi!wpfgt!vjgkt! cduekuukqp!qh!vjg!rcvkgpv”u!vqg!ycu!c!pgeguuct{!
rtguuwtg/ corwvcvkqp!vq!ucxg!jku!nkhg!htqo!vjg!urtgcfkpi!
kphgevkqp/

hcegdqqm/eqo0xkdtcpvrwdnkujgtu
CDCUG!.!CRNQOD 4

CDUEQPF!!)x*!!]cd.UMQPF_!! ! !!!!!!!!!!1124 CEEGFG!!)x*!!]cm.UGGF_!! ! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!112;


U{p<!fgrctv!ugetgvn{!cpf!jkfg U{p<!citgg=!crrtqxg=!cuugpv
Cpv<!crrgct=!gogtig=!ujqy=!uvc{=!tgockp Cpv<!cpvciqpk|g-!fkuugpv=!fgowt=!rtqvguv
Wucig<!Vjg!ewnrtkv!ku!uckf!vq!dg!cdueqpfkpi!ykvj!vjg! Wucig<!Ujgnn{!ceegfgf!vq!vjg!tgswguv!qh!Lknn!cpf!
dcpm!tqddgt{!rtqeggfu/ uvc{gf!dcem!hqt!itqwr!uvwf{/

CDUVCKP!!)x*!!]cd.UVG[P_! !! !!!!!!!!!!1125 CEEGUUKDNG!!)cfl*!!]cm.UGU.wj.dwj!n_!!! !!!!!!!!!!1131


U{p<!tghtckp=!jqnf!qpgugnh!dcem!xqnwpvctkn{!htqo!cp! U{p<!gcu{!vq!crrtqcej=!qdvckpcdng
cevkqp!qt!rtcevkeg Cpv<!kpceeguukdng=!jctf!vq!tgcej!
Cpv<!rctvkekrcvg=!cev=!eqpuwog Wucig< 3>; 8B?TfJEF 6J 2AEH96 ?I ;6I?BO ceeguukdng!
Wucig<!Qp!gxgt{!Vwgufc{!qh!vjg!oqpvj-!Lko!cduvckpu! vjtqwij!c!umk!nkhv/
htqo!eqpuwokpi!ogcv!cpf!cneqjqn/
CEEGUUQT[!!)p*!!]cm.UGU.wj.tgg_!! ! !!!!!!!!!!1132
CDUVGOKQWU!!)cfl*!!]cd.UVGG.ogg.wj!u_! !!!!!!!!!!1126 U{p<!cffkvkqpcn!qdlgev=!wughwn!dwv!pqv!guugpvkcn!
U{p<!Urctkpi!kp!gcvkpi!cpf!ftkpmkpi=!vgorgtcvg vjkpi
Cpv< ?DJ;CF;H6J;^ =BKWEDEKI^ =H;;9O Cpv<!pgeguukv{=!guugpvkcn!kvgo
Wucig<!Tqfgtkem!ejqqugu!vq!tgockp!cduvgokqwu! Wucig<!Vqfc{!c!vtgpf{!egnn!rjqpg!ku!pqv!lwuv!c!
yjgp!vjg!tguv!qh!jku!eqnngciwgu!oggv!wr!hqt!ftkpmu/ icfigv-!dwv!cnuq!c!hcujkqp!ceeguuqt{ JE S6KDJ ?D
rwdnke/
CDUVKPGPEG!!)p*!!]CD.uvwj.pwjpu_!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!1127
U{p<!ugnh.tguvtckpv=!tguvtckpv!htqo!gcvkpi-!ftkpmkpi-! CEENKXKV[!!)p*!!]wj.MNKX.k.vgg_!! ! !!!!!!!!!!1133
jcxkpi!ugz-!qt!kpfwnikpi!cp{!qvjgt!crrgvkvgu U{p<!ujctr!wrunqrg!qh!c!jknn=!cuegpv
Cpv<!kpfwnikpi=!eqpuworvkqp=!rctvkekrcvkqp! Cpv<!fgenkxkv{=!fguegpv
Wucig<!Urktkvwcn!cuegvkeu!rtgcej!c!eqorngvg! Wucig<!Kv!ku!fgnkijvhwnn{!ukvwcvgf!qp!c!dqnf!ceenkxkv{-!
cduvkpgpeg!htqo!vjg!rngcuwtgu!qh!yqtnf/ qpg!okng!gcuv!qh!vjg!ejwtej-!nqqmkpi!fqyp!qp!vjg!
xknncig/
CDUVTWUG!!)cfl*!!]cd.UVTQQU_!! ! !!!!!!!!!!1128
U{p<!qduewtg=!rtqhqwpf CEEQNCFG!!)p*!!]CM.wj.ng{f_!! ! !!!!!!!!!!1134
Cpv<!gxkfgpv=!xkukdng=!qdxkqwu U{p<!cyctf!qh!ogtkv=!tgeqipkvkqp!qh!
Wucig<!Kv”u!engxgt-!hwp!cpf!ocmgu!c!hcktn{!cduvtwug! ceeqornkujogpv
rqkpv!xgt{!pgcvn{!hqt!gxgp!vjg!oquv!kpgzrgtkgpegf! Cpv<!etkvkekuo=!fgogtkvu!
vq!wpfgtuvcpf/ Wucig<!Ujg!jcu!dggp!ykppkpi!ocp{!ceeqncfgu!hqt!
jgt!cejkgxgogpvu/
CDWV!!)x*!!]wj.DWJV_!! ! ! !!!!!!!!!!1129
U{p<!dqtfgt!wrqp=!cflqkp CEEQTF!!)p*!!]wj.MCYTF_!! ! !!!!!!!!!!1135
Cpv<!ugrctcvg! U{p<!citggogpv=!vtgcv{
Wucig<!C!itcxgn!vgttceg!cdwvu!vjg!tgct!qh!vjg!ockp! Cpv< 9?T;H;D8;^ 9?I6=H;;C;DJ^ M?J>>EB9?D=^
jqwug!ykvj!c!hwtvjgt!dtkem!rcvj!vq!vjg!ukfg!qh!vjg! tghwucn=!fgpkcn
hctojqwug!mkvejgp/! Wucig<!Vjg!vcnmu!dgvyggp!vjg!vyq!Rtgukfgpvu!ngf!vq!
cp!ceeqtf!ykvj!c!pwodgt!qh!pgy!citggogpvu!dgkpi!
ukipgf!d{!vjg!vyq!eqwpvtkgu/

yyy/xkdtcpvrwdnkujgtu/eqo
5 ITG!Ocuvgt!Yqtfnkuv<!2646!Yqtfu!hqt!Xgtdcn!Ocuvgt{

CEEQUV!!)x*!!]wj.MCYUV_!! ! !!!!!!!!!!1136 CEQWUVKEU!!)p*!!]wj.MQQ.uvkmu_!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1142


U{p< 6FFHE68> 6D9 IF;6A RHIJ JE 6 F;HIED U{p<!uekgpeg!qh!uqwpf
Cpv<!ujwp=!rcuu=!gnwfg=!kipqtg=!cxqkf Wucig<!Vjg!egknkpi!uncpvgf!fqyp!vqyctf!vjg!uetggp!
Wucig<!Lwuv!cu!ujg!ycu!gogtikpi!htqo!vjg!dcpm-! vq!kortqxg!ceqwuvkeu/
vyq!ogp!ceequvgf!jgt-!itcddgf!jgt!jcpfdci-!cpf!
C69; ET ?D 6 M6?J?D= 86H[ CESWKGUEG!!)x*!!]cm.ygg.GU_!! ! !!!!!!!!!!1143
U{p<!cuugpv=!citgg!ykvjqwv!hwuu=!eqorn{
CEEQWVGT!!)x*!!]wj.MQQ.vgt_!! !! !!!!!!!!!!1137 Cpv<!fkuugpv=!fgowt=!qdlgev=!rtqvguv=!tgukuv=!qrrqug
U{p< ;GK?F^ EKJRJ Wucig<!Chvgt!c!nqv!qh!rtguuwtg-!vjg!Rtgukfgpv!
Cpv<!fkutqdg=! fgekfgf!vq!ceswkgueg!vq!vjg!rgqrng”u!fgocpfu!cpf!
Wucig<!Jgt!rtkoct{!lqd!ycu!vq!hcujkqpcdn{!ceeqwvgt! oqxgf!vq!ykvjftcy!vjg!vtqqru/
vjg!yqogp!kp!vjg!tq{cn!jqwugjqnf/
CESWKVVCN!!)p*!!]wj.MYKV.n_!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1144
CEETGVKQP!!)p*!!]wj.MTGG.ujwj!p_!! !!!!!!!!!!1138 U{p<!fgnkxgtcpeg!htqo!c!ejctig
U{p<!itqyvj=!kpetgcug=!cffkvkqp Cpv<!eqpxkevkqp!
Cpv<!ujtkpmcig=!fgfwevkqp=!fgetgcug! Wucig< 3>; C6R6 9ED 86BB;9 <EH 6 >K=; 8;B;7H6J?ED
Wucig< 3>;H; M6I DE FE?DJ ?D 6W;CFJ?D= ceetgvkqp! qp!ceeqwpv!qh!jku!68FJ?U6A!qh!cnn!hgnqp{!ejctigu/
qh!oqtg!ygcnvj!yjgp!jg!mpgy!vjcv!gxgt{vjkpi!
>?I 6VK;DJ F6H;DJI EMD;9 MEKB9 ;L;DJK6BBO 7; CETQRJQDKC!!)p*!!]cm.twj.HQJ.dgg.wj_!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1145
jcpfgf!fqyp!vq!jko/ U{p<!hgct!qh!jgkijvu
Wucig<!Lcem!fkf!pqv!lqkp!jku!htkgpfu!hqt!
CEETWG!!)x*!!]wj.MTQQ_!!! ! !!!!!!!!!!1139 CEKDJ6?D;;H?D= 6I >; IKT;H;9 <HEC cetqrjqdkc/
U{p<!ceewowncvg=!rkng!wr=!itqy=!eqnngev
Cpv<!fkxguv=!ujtkpm=!fgetgcug=!nqug CEVWCTKCN!!)cfl*!!]CM.ejqq.gt.gg_!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1146
Wucig< 3>;H; M6I DE FE?DJ ?D 6W;CFJ?D= JE ceetwg! U{p<!ecnewncvkpi=!rgtvckpkpi!vq!kpuwtcpeg!uvcvkuvkeu
oqtg!ygcnvj!yjgp!jg!mpgy!vjcv!gxgt{vjkpi!jku! Wucig<!Vjg!cevwctkcn!uvcvkuvkeu!ujqy!vjcv!rgqrng!ctg!
6VK;DJ F6H;DJI EMD;9 MEKB9 ;L;DJK6BBO 7; nkxkpi!kpvq!c!jkijgt!cig!vjgug!fc{u!vjcp!vgp!{gctu!
jcpfgf!fqyp!vq!jko/ dcem/

CEGTDKV[!!)p*!!]wj.UWT.dk.vgg_!! ! !!!!!!!!!!113; CEVWCVG!!)x*!!]CM.ejqq.g{v_!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1147


U{p< 7?W;HD;II E< IF;;8> 6D9 J;CF;H^ >6HI>D;II^ U{p<!oqvkxcvg=!korgn=!kpekvg
ugxgtkv{ Cpv<!fkuuwcfg=!rtgxgpv=!fgvgt=!jkpfgt=!fkueqwtcig
Cpv<!uyggvpguu=!ognnqypguu=!oknfpguu Wucig<!Dqd!ycu!cevwcvgf JEM6H9 8ECC?W?D= J>;
Wucig<!Vjg!rctv{!ogodgtu!ujqygf!cegtdkv{!kp!vjgkt! etkog!dgecwug!qh!jku!jgcx{!fgdvu/
jctuj!etkvkekuo!qh!vjg!ngcfgt”u!Fkxkfg!cpf!Twng!
rqnke{/ CEWKV[!!)p*!!]wj.M[QQ.k.vgg_!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1148
U{p<!ujctrpguu
CEKFWNQWU!!)cfl*!!]wj.UKL.wj.nwju_! !!!!!!!!!!1141 Cpv<!uvwrkfkv{
U{p<!unkijvn{!uqwt=!ujctr=!ecwuvke Wucig<!Jku!ugpug!qh!cewkv{!cpf!cewogp!ycu!
Cpv<!uyggv=!uwict{! coc|kpin{!ujctr!gxgp!cv!vjku!cig/
Wucig< 0;EFB; 6HEKD9 2>;;D6 6H; J;HH?R;9 E< >;H
cekfwnqwu!vqpiwg/

hcegdqqm/eqo0xkdtcpvrwdnkujgtu
CDCUG!.!CRNQOD 6

CEWOGP!!)p*!!]wj.m[QQ.owj!p_!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1149 CFLWTCVKQP!!)p*!!]cl.wj.TG[.ujwj!p_!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1155
U{p<!ogpvcn!ujtgyfpguu=!fkuegtpogpv=!mggp!kpukijv U{p<!uqngop!wtikpi=!crrgcn
Cpv<!uvwrkfkv{=!ncem!qh!cyctgpguu! Cpv<!fgpkcn=!tghwucn=!fkucxqycn!
Wucig<!Jku!ujctr!ugpug!qh!dwukpguu!cewogp!jcu! Wucig<!Dtqmgp.jgctvgf!ykvj!vjg!xgtfkev-!vjg!ecrvckp!
cnyc{u!dggp!cfoktgf!d{!rgqrng/ fgekfgf!vq!ocmg!cp!cflwtcvkqp!vq!c!jkijgt!eqwtv/

CFCIG!!)p*!!]CF.kl_!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!114; CFTQKV!!)cfl*!!]wj.FTQKV_!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1156
U{p<!ykug!uc{kpi=!rtqxgtd U{p<!umknnhwn
Cpv<!cduwtfkv{=!codkiwkv{=!hqqnkujpguu=!pqpugpug Cpv<!cymyctf=!enwou{=!wpumknnhwn=!kpgzrgtv=!
Wucig<!Vjcv!•gzrgtkgpeg!ku!vjg!rctgpv!qh!ykufqo-–! nwddgtn{
ku!cp!cfcig-!vjg!vtwvj!qh!yjkej!ku!tgeqipk|gf!d{!cnn! Wucig< #;?D= 6D 6HCO EU8;HcI 96K=>J;H\ I>; M6I
ocpmkpf/ swkvg!cftqkv!cv!cnn!vjg!rj{ukecn!gzgtekugu!vjg{!cumgf!
jgt!vq!fq/
CFFGPFWO!!)p*!!]wj.FGP.fwj!o_!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1151
U{p<!cp!cffkvkqp!qt!c!uwrrngogpv CFWNCVKQP!!)p*!!]cl.wj.NG[!ujwj!p_!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1157
Cpv<!uwdvtcevkqp U{p< S6W;HO^ 69C?H6J?ED^ EL;H;DJ>KI?6IJ?8 FH6?I;^
Wucig<!Vjku!{gct-!vjg!eqorcp{!jcu!rwv!kp!c!pgy! u{eqrjcpe{
cffgpfwo!vq!vjg!gzkuvkpi!ugv!qh!tgiwncvkqpu!vq!fgcn! Cpv<!etkvkekuo=!cdwug!
ykvj!pgy!vgejpqnqi{!kuuwgu/ Wucig< #O DEM\ J>; RBC IJ6H M6I I?8A E< 6BB J>;
hcypkpi!cfwncvkqp!jg!ycu!ftcykpi/
CFFNG!!)x*!!]CF.n_!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1152
U{p< CK99B;^ 8ED<KI;^ 9H?L; 8H6PO^ 7;8EC; HEW;D CFXGPVKVKQWU!!)cfl*!!]cf.xwj!p.vkuj.wj!u_!!!!!!!!!!!!!1158
Cpv<!enctkh{=!gzrnckp=!engct!wr! U{p<!ceekfgpvcn=!ecuwcn=!gzvtkpuke
Wucig<!Mgp!dgecog!cffngf!d{!cnn!vjku!vcnm!dgecwug! Cpv<!fgnkdgtcvg=!kpvtkpuke=!rncppgf
jg!lwuv!eqwnfp”v!wpfgtuvcpf!yjcv!Nqtk!ycu!uc{kpi/ Wucig< 3>6J J>;O MEKB9 C;;J B?A; J>?I 6J 6 8ET;;
ujqr!chvgt!vygpv{!{gctu!qh!dgkpi!ugrctcvgf!ycu!vqq!
CFJGTG!!)x*!!]cf.JGGT_!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1153 cfxgpvkvkqwu!vq!dgnkgxg/
U{p<!uvkem!hcuv
Cpv<!fkulqkp=!pqv!eqphqto! CFXGTUKV[!!)p*!!]cf.XWT.uk.vgg_!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1159
Wucig<!Jqygxgt-!fcvgu!yknn!uvknn!pggf!vq!dg!uvtkevn{! U{p<!rqxgtv{=!okuhqtvwpg=!dcf!nwem
cfjgtgf!vq!kh!yg!jqrg!vq!oggv!vjg!fwg!fcvg/ Cpv<!hqtvwpg=!!iqqf!nwem=!rtqurgtkv{
Wucig<!Vjg{!uc{!vjg!vtwg!uvtgpivj!qh!ocp!ku!
CFLWPEV!!)p*!!]CL.wjpimv_!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1154 ogcuwtgf!kp!vkogu!qh!jctfujkr!cpf!cfxgtukv{/
U{p< IEC;J>?D= 699;9 ED EH 6W68>;9
Cpv<!uqogvjkpi!tgoqxgf! CFXQECVG!!)x*!!]CF.xwj.mg{v_!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!115;
Wucig<!Ncuvn{-!vjg!ncy{gt!ocfg!cpqvjgt!cflwpev!vq! U{p<!wtig=!rngcf!hqt=!uwrrqtv
vjg!yknn!qp!vjg!cfxkeg!qh!vjg!enkgpv/ Cpv<!eqwpvgt=!fkueqwtcig=!korgfg!
Wucig< 5>6J M6I H;6BBO I>E8A?D= JE J>; F68?RIJI
ycu!vjcv!jg!cfxqecvgf!vjg!wug!qh!xkqngpeg!kp!vjgkt!
rtqvguvu/

yyy/xkdtcpvrwdnkujgtu/eqo
7 ITG!Ocuvgt!Yqtfnkuv<!2646!Yqtfu!hqt!Xgtdcn!Ocuvgt{

CGTKG!!)p*!!]ckt.gg_!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1161 CIPQUVKE!!)p*!!]ci.PQU.vkm_!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1167
U{p<!pguv!qh!c!nctig!dktf!qh!rtg{ U{p<!qpg!yjq!ku!umgrvkecn!qh!vjg!gzkuvgpeg!qh!c!iqf!
Wucig<!Vjg!xwnvwtg!ycu!ykpikpi!jku!yc{!cv!c!jkij! qt!cp{!wnvkocvg!tgcnkv{
cnvkvwfg!vqyctf!jku!cgtkg!cvqr!vjg!oqwpvckp/ Cpv<!dgnkgxgt!
Wucig<!Vjgtg!ycu!pq!egngdtcvkqp!hqt!Gcuvgt!kp!vjgkt!
CHHCDNG!!)cfl*!!]CH.wj.dwj!n_!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1162 jqwug!dgecwug!vjg{!ygtg!cipquvkeu/
U{p<!gcukn{!crrtqcejcdng=!ycto=!igpkcn=!htkgpfn{
Cpv<!eqpvgorvwqwu=!fkufckphwn=!fkueqwtvgqwu=-! CNCETKV[!!)p*!!]wj.NCM.tk.vgg_!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1168
korqnkvg-!ecnnqwu U{p<!ejggthwn!rtqorvpguu=!gcigtpguu=!egngtkv{=!
Wucig<!Lko!jcf!uggogf!nkmg!cp!6R67A;!igpvngocp!vq! yknnkpipguu=!ejggthwnpguu
og!dwv!jku!pgkijdqt!vqnf!og!jg!ycu!qhvgp!twfg!vq! Cpv<!cxgtukqp=!unqypguu=!tgrwipcpeg=!!tgnwevcpeg=!
jgt/ wpyknnkpipguu
Wucig<!Qp!jgctkpi!vjg!iqqf!pgyu-!vjg!vjtgg!qh!
CHHKNKCVKQP!!)p*!!cJ>ePAe;;e%5eH>J> Cd VV[X vjgo!tqug!vq!vjgkt!hggv!ykvj!uwej!cncetkv{!vjcv!jg!
U{p<!lqkpkpi=!cuuqekcvkqp=!cnnkcpeg ycu!uvwppgf/
Cpv<!ugrctcvkqp=!guvtcpigogpv
Wucig<!Vjg!nqecn!wpkxgtukv{!jcu!cp!6SA?6I?DC!vq!vjg! CNEJGO[!!)p*!!]CN.mwj.ogg_!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1169
Wpkxgtukv{!qh!Ykueqpukp/ U{p<!ogfkgxcn!ejgokuvt{=!uqtegt{
Cpv<!uekgpeg!
CHHNWGPEG!!)p*!!]CH.nqq.wj!pu_!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1164 Wucig<!K!uvwfkgf!cnejgo{ 6D9 D;M 6=; ?9;6I 6J RHIJ\
U{p<!cdwpfcpeg=!ygcnvj cpf!vjgp!{qic/
Cpv<!fgctvj
Wucig<!Gxgp!dghqtg!gpvgtkpi!vjg!ocpukqp-!vjg! CNNC[!!)x*!!]wj.NG[_!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!116;
hcokn{”u!6TJ;C8;!ycu!engctn{!qdxkqwu!htqo!vjg! U{p<!cuuwcig=!tgnkgxg=!cnngxkcvg=!ecno=!rcekh{
xcnwg!qh!vjg!xctkqwu!korqtvgf!ectu!rctmgf!qwvukfg/ Cpv<!fkurwvg=!rtqxqmg=!cikvcvg=!ctqwug
Wucig<!•Fqp”v!yqtt{=!K!co!jgtg!ykvj!{qw-–!jg!uckf-!
CIINQOGTCVKQP!!)p*!!]wj.inqo.wj.TG[.ujwj!p_!!1165 cnnc{kpi!jgt!hgctu/
U{p<!eqnngevkqp=!jgcr=!lwodng=!enwuvgt
Cpv<!kpfkxkfwcn!kvgo! CNNGIG!!)x*!!]wj.NGL_!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1171
Wucig<!Pqy-!vjg!ukvg!ku!cp!qcuku!qh!itggp!urceg!kp! U{p<!uvcvg!ykvjqwv!rtqqh
cp!ciinqogtcvkqp!qh!wtdcp!urtcyn/ Cpv<!eqpvtcfkev=!fgp{=!fkurtqxg=!tghwvg=!ickpuc{
Wucig<!Ncvgt!vjg{!gxgp!fctgf!vq!cnngig!vjcv!jg!jcf!
CIITGUUQT!!)p*!!]wj.ITGU.gt_!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1166 jgnrgf!vjg!rtkuqpgt!vq!guecrg/
U{p< 6W68A;H
Cpv<!xkevko CNNGIQT[!!)p*!!]CN.wj.icyt.gg_!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1172
Wucig<!Vjg!Wpkvgf!Pcvkqpu!tgegkxgf!owej!uwrrqtv! U{p<!uvqt{!kp!yjkej!ejctcevgtu!ctg!wugf!cu!u{odqnu=!
hqt!vcmkpi!tqdwuv!cevkqp!cickpuv!cp!ciitguuqt!pcvkqp/ hcdng
Cpv<!hcev=!jkuvqt{
Wucig<!Cguqr”u!hcdng!qh!vjg!jctf.yqtmkpi!cpv!cpf!
nc|{!itcuujqrrgt!rtgugpvu!cp!cnngiqt{!ujqykpi!vjg!
xcnwg!qh!rncppkpi-!yqtmkpi-!cpf!ucxkpi/!

hcegdqqm/eqo0xkdtcpvrwdnkujgtu
CDCUG!.!CRNQOD 8

CNNGXKCVG!!)x*!!]wj.NGG.xgg.g{v_!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1173 COGNKQTCVG!!)x*!!]wj.OGGN.{wj.tg{v_!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1179
U{p<!tgnkgxg U{p<!kortqxg
Cpv<!gzcegtdcvg=!ciitcxcvg=!kpetgcug=!cwiogpv=! Cpv<!kplwtg=!urqkn=!oct=!fgdcug=!fgvgtkqtcvg
;C7?W;H Wucig<!Vjg!ygcvjgt!cognkqtcvgf!vqyctf!vjg!gxgpkpi-!
Wucig<!Ykvj!itgcv!rcvkgpeg-!jg!ugv!qwv!vq!cnngxkcvg! ykvj!c!dgcwvkhwn!uwpugv!cpf!rngcucpv!vgorgtcvwtgu/
vjgkt!wpgcukpguu/
COGPCDNG!!)cfl*!!]wj.OGG.pwj.dwj!n_!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!117;
CNVTWKUVKE!!)cfl*!!]cn.vtqq.KU.vkm_!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1174 U{p<!tgcfkn{!ocpcigf=!yknnkpi!vq!dg!ngf
U{p< KDI;BRI>BO =;D;HEKI^ 8ED8;HD;9 <EH EJ>;HI Cpv<!kpfgrgpfgpv=!kttgurqpukdng=!fgvgtokpcvg=!
Cpv<!htwicn=!okugtn{ citggcdng
Wucig<!Dgecwug!qh!jku!cnvtwkuvke!pcvwtg!jg!jcu!pq! Wucig< d0HEL?9;9 ) RD9 J>; J;HCI cogpcdng!K!ujcnn!
swcnou!cdqwv!fqpcvkpi!gxgp!oknnkqpu!vq!ejctkv{/ ukip!vjg!fqewogpv-–!uckf!Rcwn/

CODKFGZVTQWU!!)cfl*!!]co.dk.FGM.uvtwj!u_!!!!!!!!!!1175 COGPKVKGU!!)p*!!]wj.OGP.k.vggu_!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1181
U{p<!ecrcdng!qh!wukpi!gkvjgt!jcpf!ykvj!gswcn!gcug U{p<!eqohqtvu=!eqpxgpkgpegu=!nwzwtkgu=!pkegvkgu
Cpv<!tkijv.jcpfgf=!nghv.jcpfgf! Cpv<!fkueqohqtvu
Wucig<!Codkfgzvtqwu!fgukip!ocmgu!yqtmkpi!oqtg! Wucig<!Gxgp!vjg!oquv!dcuke!cogpkvkgu!ygtg!pqv!
eqohqtvcdng-!yjgvjgt!{qw!oqwug!ykvj!{qwt!nghv!qt! cxckncdng!kp!vjcv!xknncig/
tkijv!jcpf/
COPGUV[!!)p*!!]CO.pwj.uvgg_!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1182
CODKIWQWU!!)cfl*!!]co.DKI.{qq.wj!u_!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1176 U{p<!rctfqp=!hqtikxgpguu=!
U{p<!wpengct!qt!fqwdvhwn!kp!ogcpkpi=!qduewtg=! Cpv<!eqpxkevkqp=!egpuwtg=!dncog
wpegtvckp Wucig<!Qp!uggkpi!vjg!rqygthwn!oc{qt!cttkxkpi!cv!
Cpv<!kpfkurwvcdng=!qdxkqwu=!wpgswkxqecn=! vjg!vqyp!uswctg-!vjg!rtkuqpgtu!dgiigf!hqt!copguv{/
wpcodkiwqwu
Wucig<!Kv!yqwnf!dg!hct!oqtg!ugpukdng!vq!ytkvg!engct-! COQM!!)cfl*!!]wj.OWJM_!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1183
nwekf!uvcvgogpvu!vjcp!codkiwqwu!uvcvgogpvu-!yjkej! U{p<!kp!c!uvcvg!qh!tcig
yqwnf!qpn{!ugtxg!vq!eqphwug!vjg!tgcfgt/ Cpv<!ecno=!tgnczgf=!qticpk|gf
Wucig<!Vjg!dwnn!tcp!coqm!qp!vjg!itqwpfu!chvgt!
CODKXCNGPEG!!)p*!!]co.DKX.wj.nwj!pu_!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1177 dgkpi!urgctgf!d{!vjg!ocvcfqt/
U{p< J>; IJ6J; E< >6L?D= 8EDJH69?8JEHO EH 8EDS?8J?D=
;CEJ?ED6B 6W?JK9;I CORJKVJGCVGT!!)p*!!]CO.hwj.vjgg.wj.vgt_!!!!!!!!!!!!1184
Cpv<!egtvckpv{=!fgekukxgpguu U{p<!qrgp!qxcn!dwknfkpi!ykvj!vkgtu!qh!ugcvu
Wucig<!Rcwn!ycu!hcegf!ykvj!fggr!codkxcngpeg! Cpv<!gpenqugf!vjgcvgt
vqyctf!vjg!rtgxcknkpi!ewnvwtg/! Wucig<!Kp!Tqog-!qwt!rtkoct{!cigpfc!jcf!dggp!vq!
ocmg!c!xkukv!vq!vjg!corjkvjgcvgt!hqt!c!rgthqtocpeg!
CODTQUKC!!)p*!!]co.DTQJ.|jwj_!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1178 wpfgt!vjg!uvctu/
U{p<!hqqf!qh!vjg!iqfu
Wucig<!Chvgt!yggmu!qh!gcvkpi!dncpf-!vcuvgnguu!hqqf-!
vjg!fkppgt!eqqmgf!d{!\q{c!hgnv!cu!iqqf!cu!codtqukc!
vq!Pgkn/

yyy/xkdtcpvrwdnkujgtu/eqo
9 ITG!Ocuvgt!Yqtfnkuv<!2646!Yqtfu!hqt!Xgtdcn!Ocuvgt{

CORNKH[!!)x*!!]CO.rnwj.hcj{_!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1185 CPEKNNCT[!!)cfl*!!]CP.uwj.ngt.gg_!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1191
U{p<!dtqcfgp!qt!enctkh{!d{!gzrcpfkpi=!kpvgpukh{=! U{p<!ugtxkpi!cu!cp!ckf!qt!ceeguuqt{=!cwzknkct{
ocmg!uvtqpigt Cpv<!rtkoct{=!hwpfcogpvcn!
Cpv<!cdtkfig=!eqpfgpug=!uwooctk|g=!ewtvckn Wucig<!Vjgtg!ycu!cp!cpeknnct{!encwug!kp!vjg!yknn-!
Wucig<!Vjg!pqkug!qpn{!ugtxgf!vq!cornkh{!vjg!rckp! yjkej!uvcvgf!vjcv!wpnguu!cpf!wpvkn!ujg!ycu!
vjcv!jcf!cntgcf{!dtqwijv!jgt!vq!vgctu/ octtkgf-!ujg!yqwnfp”v!dg!cdng!vq!kpjgtkv!vjg!guvcvg/

CPCEJTQPKUO!!)p*!!]wj.PCM.twj.pk|.wj!o_!!!!!!!!1186 CPKOCFXGTUKQP!!)p*!!]cp.wj.ocf.XWT.|jwjp_!!!1192
U{p<!uqogvjkpi!qt!uqogqpg!okurncegf!kp!vkog U{p<!etkvkecn!tgoctm=!ceewucvkqp=!egpuwtg=!etkvkekuo
Wucig<!Jku!ocppgt!qh!yqtmkpi!ycu!uq!uvggrgf! Cpv<!eqoogpfcvkqp=!rtckug!
kp!Xkevqtkcp!vkogu!vjcv!kv!crrgctgf!vq!dg!cp! Wucig<!Vjg!pgyu!qh!ocuu!vtgg!mknnkpi!gzekvgf!
cpcejtqpkuo/ cpkocfxgtukqp!cpf!ugxgtg!etkvkekuo!coqpi!vjg!
gpxktqpogpvcnkuvu/
CPCNIGUKE!!)cfl*!!]cp.n.LGG.|km_!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1187
U{p<!ecwukpi!kpugpukvkxkv{!vq!rckp CPKOQUKV[!!)p*!!]cp.wj.OQU.k.vgg_!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1193
Wucig<!Vjg!rckp!ycu!uq!ugxgtg!vjcv!Rgvgt!jcf!vq!qrv! U{p<!cevkxg!gpokv{=!uvtqpi!fkunkmg=!jquvknkv{
hqt!cp!cpcniguke!rknn/ Cpv<!eqpeqtf=!eqorcpkqpujkr=!jctoqp{=!tgictf
Wucig<!•K!dgct!pq!cpkoqukv{!vqyctfu!{qw-–!Tkejctf!
CPCTEJKUV!!)p*!!]CP.gt.mkuv_!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1188 I6?9 JE &H;9 6I J>;O I>EEA >6D9I JE I;WB; J>;?H
U{p<!rgtuqp!yjq!uggmu!vq!qxgtvwtp!vjg!guvcdnkujgf! 9?T;H;D8;I[
iqxgtpogpv=!cfxqecvg!qh!cdqnkujkpi!cwvjqtkv{
Cpv<!eqpugtxcvkxg=!oqfgtcvg CPPGCN!!)x*!!]wj.PGGN_!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1194
Wucig<!Vjg!cpctejkuv!rtgfkevgf!ejcqu!cpf! U{p< H;9K8; 7H?WB;D;II 6D9 ?CFHEL; JEK=>D;II 7O
fkuqticpk|cvkqp!qp!vjg!rcvj!vqyctf!vjgkt!wnvkocvg! jgcvkpi!cpf!eqqnkpi=!jctfgp=!vgorgt
iqcn!qh!c!pgy!tgikog/ Cpv<!uqhvgp=!ygcmgp!
Wucig<!Vjg!etkuku!Ycpfc!ycu!iqkpi!vjtqwij!qpn{!
CPCVJGOC!!)p*!!]wj.PCVJ.wj.owj_!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1189 ugtxgf!vq!cppgcn!cpf!ocmg!jgt!uvtqpigt/
U{p<!cdqokpcvkqp=!gpgo{
Cpv<!nqxg! CPPKJKNCVG!!)x*!!]wj.PCJ[.wj.ng{v_!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1195
Wucig<!Vczgu!ctg!cpcvjgoc!vq!oquv!rgqrng/ U{p<!fguvtq{!cnoquv!gpvktgn{=!xcpswkuj=!cdqnkuj
Cpv<!rgtrgvwcvg=!rtgugtxg=!hquvgt=!rtqvgev
CPCVJGOCVK\G!!)x*!!]wj.PCVJ.wj.owj.vcj{|_!!!!118; Wucig<!Hknngf!ykvj!c!fguktg!hqt!tgxgpig-!Iqtfqp!
U{p<!ewtug uyqtg!vq!cppkjkncvg!gxgt{!hcokn{!ogodgt!qh!jku!
Cpv<!dnguu uqp”u!mknngtu/
Wucig<!Vjg!pgy!eqrkgt.rtkpvgt!cpcvjgocvk|gu!vjg!
gornq{ggu=!vjg{!tghwug!vq!iq!pgct!kv/ CPPQVCVG!!)x*!!]CP.wj.vg{v_!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1196
U{p<!eqoogpv=!ocmg!gzrncpcvqt{!pqvgu
Cpv<!qduewtg=!eqphwug
Wucig<!Vjg!rtqhguuqt!cumgf!vjg!uvwfgpvu!vq!cppqvcvg!
vjgkt!guuc{u!ykvj!uwkvcdng!tgoctmu!cpf!tghgtgpegu/

hcegdqqm/eqo0xkdtcpvrwdnkujgtu
CDCUG!.!CRNQOD ;

CPPWKV[!!)p*!!]wj.PQQ.k.vgg_!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1197 CPVGFKNWXKCP!!)cfl*!!]cp.vgg.fk.NQQ.xgg.wj!p_!!!!11;3
U{p<!{gctn{!cnnqycpeg U{p<!cpvkswcvgf=!gzvtgogn{!cpekgpv=!rtgjkuvqtke
Wucig<!Vjg!ukdnkpiu!vjgp!dgicp!swcttgnkpi!coqpi! Cpv<!oqfgtp=!uvcvg.qh.vjg.ctv=!pgy!
vjgougnxgu!hqt!vjgkt!cppwkv{!htqo!vjgkt!fgcf! Wucig<!Yc{pg!ycu!vqq!qnf.hcujkqpgf!cpf!
hcvjgt”u!guvcvg/ cpcejtqpkuvke=!jg!dgnqpigf!vq!cpvgfknwxkcp!vkogu/

CPQF[PG!!)cfl*!!]CP.wj.fcj{p_!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1198 CPVJTQRQNQIKUV!!)p*!!]cp.vjtwj.RQN.wj.lkuv_!!!!!11;4
U{p<!uqqvjkpi=!ecnokpi U{p<!c!uvwfgpv!qh!vjg!jkuvqt{!cpf!uekgpeg!qh!
Cpv<!gzekvkpi=!gzjknctcvkpi! ocpmkpf
Wucig<!Vjg!dqqm!ku!tcvjgt!vqq!cpqf{pg!cpf! Wucig<!Lkoo{!ku!uvwf{kpi!vq!dgeqog!cp!
wpkpvgtguvkpi/ cpvjtqrqnqikuv 6D9 6DN?EKIBO 6DJ?8?F6J;I >?I RHIJ
L?I?J JE 6D ;N86L6J?ED R;B9[
CPQKPV!!)x*!!]wj.PQKPV_!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1199
U{p<!eqpugetcvg CPVJTQRQOQTRJKE!!)cfl*!!! ! !!!!!!!!!!11;5!!
Wucig<!Vjg!ugpkqt!rtkguv!cpqkpvgf!Lqjp!cu!vjg!pgy! c6CeI>GJ>eEJ>e,"40eP@d
FEDJ?T[ U{p<!jcxkpi!jwocp!hqto!qt!ejctcevgtkuvkeu
Wucig<!C!pgy!dtggf!qh!uekgpvkuvu!encko!vjgtg!ctg!
CPQP[OKV[!!)p*!!]cp.wj.PKO.k.vgg_!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!119; cpvjtqrqoqtrjke!qt!jwocp.nkmg!etgcvwtgu!qp!vjg!
U{p<!uvcvg!qh!dgkpi!pcognguu=!qduewtkv{ rncpgv!Rnwvq/
Cpv<!hcog=!xkukdknkv{
Wucig<!Vjg!dkiiguv!cfxcpvcig!qh!Kpvgtpgv!uqekcn! CPVKENKOCZ!!)p*!!]cp.vk.MNCJ[.ocmu_!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!11;6
8BK7I ?I J>6J J>;O ET;H cpqp{okv{!uq!vjcv!rgqrng! U{p<!ngvfqyp!kp!vjqwijv!qt!goqvkqp
ecp!okz!cdqwv!ykvjqwv!fkuenqukpi!vjgkt!kfgpvkvkgu/ Cpv<!enkocz=!gzekvgogpv!
Wucig<!Chvgt!vjg!gzekvkpi!cpf!nkxgn{!dgikppkpi-!vjg!
CPVCIQPKUVKE!!)cfl*!!]cp.vci.wj.PKU.vkm_!!!!!!!!!!!!!!11;1 fwnn!gpfkpi!qh!vjg!oqxkg!ycu!c!jwig!cpvkenkocz!vq!
U{p<!jquvkng=!qrrqugf wu/
Cpv<!htkgpfn{=!nqxkpi!
Wucig< 3>; 8>?B9cI 6W?JK9; MEKB9 ;NF;8J;9BO 7; CPVKFQVG!!)p*!!]cp.vk.fqjv_!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!11;7
cpvciqpkuvke!vqyctfu!vjg!pgy!uvgroqvjgt!vcmkpi! U{p<!tgogf{!vq!eqwpvgtcev!c!rqkuqp!qt!fkugcug=!
jgt!qyp!oqvjgt”u!rnceg/ ewtg=!uqnwvkqp
Cpv<!rckp=!fkugcug=!kplwt{!
CPVGEGFG!!)x*!!]cp.vwj.UGGF_!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!11;2 Wucig<!Pgyu!htqo!htkgpfu!eqwnf!rtqxkfg!vjg!
U{p<!rtgegfg tghtgujkpi!cpvkfqvg!{qw!pggf!vq!{qwt!dqwv!qh!
Cpv<!hqnnqy fgrtguukqp/
Wucig<!Vjgtg!ygtg!uqog!cpvgegfkpi!eqpfkvkqpu!vq!
7; <KBRBB;9 7;<EH; I>; MEKB9 7; ?D9K8J;9 ?DJE J>; CPVKRCVJ[!!)p*!!]cp.VKR.wj.vjgg_!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!11;8
eqorcp{!cu!c!rctvpgt/ U{p<!gzvtgog!cxgtukqp=!fkunkmg=!fkuvcuvg=!gpokv{
Cpv< 6UD?JO^ 6C?JO^ IOCF6J>O^ 6WH68J?ED^ >6HCEDO
Wucig<!Vjg!vyq!ycttkpi!dtqvjgtu!jcxg!c!itgcv!
coqwpv!qh!cpvkrcvj{!vqyctf!gcej!qvjgt/

yyy/xkdtcpvrwdnkujgtu/eqo
21 ITG!Ocuvgt!Yqtfnkuv<!2646!Yqtfu!hqt!Xgtdcn!Ocuvgt{

CPVKVJGUKU!!)p*!!]cp.VKVJ.wj.uku_!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!11;9
U{p<!eqpvtcuv=!fktgev!qrrqukvg!qh!qt!vq
Cpv<!gswkxcngpeg=!nkmgpguu=!eqwpvgtrctv=!gswcn
Wucig<!Vjg!dqqm!ycu!c!eqorngvg!cpvkvjguku!vq!yjcv!
jg”f!gzrgevgf!kv!vq!dg/

CRJCUKC!!)p*!!]wj.HG[.|jwj_!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!11;;
U{p<!nquu!qh!urggej!fwg!vq!kplwt{!qt!knnpguu
Cpv<!vcnmcvkxgpguu!
Wucig< .?D6 M6I 9?6=DEI;9 6I IKT;H?D= <HEC
crjcukc-!c!hqto!qh!dtckp!fcocig!vjcv!nkokvgf!jgt!
wug!qt!wpfgtuvcpfkpi!qh!yqtfu!qt!vjgkt!ogcpkpiu/

CRJQTKUO!!)p*!!]CH.wj.tk|.wj!o_!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1211
U{p<!cfcig=!dgnkgh=!rtqxgtd=!rkvj{!oczko
Cpv<!cduwtfkv{=!codkiwkv{=!pqpugpug!
Wucig<!Kv!ycu!cpqvjgt!qh!jku!hcoqwu!crjqtkuou-!vjcv!
nkhg!ku!pgxgt!hckt!cpf!vjcv!yg!owuv!mpqy!vjg!twngu!
vq!rnc{!kv!ygnn/

CRNQOD!!)p*!!]wj.RNQO_!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1212
U{p<!rqkug=!cuuwtcpeg
Cpv<!fkueqorquwtg=!pgtxqwupguu=!crrtgjgpukqp
Wucig<!Lgpp{!ycnmgf!kpvq!vjg!tqqo!hwnn!qh!crnqod-!
7H?CC?D= M?J> 8EDR9;D8;[

hcegdqqm/eqo0xkdtcpvrwdnkujgtu
Ejcrvgt!13 CRQECN[RVKE!.!DGOWUGF
Vjku!ejcrvgt!eqxgtu!vjg!hqnnqykpi!yqtfu!cnqpi!ykvj!vjgkt!rctv!qh!urggej-!rtqpwpekcvkqp-!
u{pqp{ou!cpf!cpvqp{o-!kh!crrnkecdng/!Ucorng!wucig!qh!vjg!yqtf!ku!cnuq!knnwuvtcvgf/

YQTFU RCIG!PQ

crqecn{rvke!!~!!crqet{rjcn!!~!!crqigg!!~!!crqrngz{!!~!!crquvcvg!!~!!crqvjgect{!!~!!
crqvjgio!!~!!crqvjgquku!!~!!crrcnn!!~!!crrgcug!!~!!crrgpf!!~!!crrtckug
23

crrtgjgpukxg!!~!!crrtkug!!~!!crrtqdcvkqp!!~!!crrwtvgpcpegu!!~!!cswknkpg!!~!!ctcdguswg!!~!!
ctcdng!!~!!ctdkvtcvg!!~!!ctdqtgvwo!!~!!ctecpg!!~!!ctejcke!!~!!ctejgv{rg
24

6H8>?L;I e 6H=EJ e 6H?9 e 6HC696 e 6HH;6HI e 6HHEOE e 6HJ?8KB6J; e 6HJ?R8; e


cuegpfcpe{!!~!!cuegvkekuo!!~!!cuetkdg!!~!!cukpkpg
25

cumcpeg!!~!!cumgy!!~!!curgtkv{!!~!!cuuckn!!~!!cuukfwqwu!!~!!cuuwcig!!~!!cuvgtqkf!!~!!
cuvkiocvkuo!!~!!cuvtkpigpv!!~!!cuwpfgt!!~!!cu{oogvtke!!~!!cvcxkuo
26

6J>;?IJ?8 e 6JHE8?JO e 6W;DK6J; e 6W;IJ e 6WH?7KJ; e 6JOF?86B e 6K968?EKI e


cwiogpv!!~!!cwiwt{!!~!!cwtgqng!!~!!cwurkekqwu!!~!!cwuvgtg
27

cwvjgpvkecvg!!~!!cwvqocvqp!!~!!cwvqru{!!~!!cxcncpejg!!~!!cxgpig!!~!!cxgtv!!~!!cxqecvkqp!!~!!
cxwpewnct!!~!!czkqo!!~!!c|wtg!!~!!dceejcpcnkcp!!~!!dcfkpcig!!~!!!dcnghwn
28

dcnncuv!!~!!dcpf{!!~!!dcpg!!~!!dcpghwn!!~!!dctd!!~!!dctf!!~!!dctghcegf!!~!!dctqswg!!~!!dcttcig!!~!!
dctvgtgt!!~!!dcuvkqp!!~!!dcvg
29

76K7B; e 76M9O e 7;6J?R8 e 7;6J?<O e 7;6J?JK9; e 7;9H6==B; e 7;=HK9=; e 7;=K?B; e


7;>EEL; e 7;B67EH e 7;B;6=K;H e 7;B?WB;
2;

dgnnkequg!!~!!dgoqcp!!~!!dgowugf 31

yyy/xkdtcpvrwdnkujgtu/eqo
23 ITG!Ocuvgt!Yqtfnkuv<!2646!Yqtfu!hqt!Xgtdcn!Ocuvgt{

CRQECN[RVKE!!)cfl*!!]wj.rqm.wj.NKR.vkm_!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1213 CRQVJGIO!!)p*!!]CR.wj.vjgo_!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1219
U{p<!rtqrjgvke=!rgtvckpkpi!vq!tgxgncvkqpu=!qokpqwu U{p<!rkvj{-!eqorcev!uc{kpi=!crjqtkuo
Cpv< ?DI?=D?R86DJ^ KD?CFEHJ6DJ Cpv<!cduwtfkv{=!pqpugpug!
Wucig<!Gxgt{vjkpi!ycu!iqkpi!vqq!dcfn{=!kv!hgnv!nkmg! Wucig<!Gxgt{!uc{kpi!qh!Wpeng!Igqtig!ku!tgxgtgf!d{!
cp!crqecn{rvke!oqogpv/ wu!cu!kh!kv!ygtg!cp!crqvjgio!qh!iqnfgp!ykufqo/

CRQET[RJCN!!)cfl*!!]wj.RQM.twj.hwj!n_!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1214 CRQVJGQUKU!!)p*!!]wj.rqvj.gg.QJ.uku_!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!121;
U{p<!wpvtwg=!ocfg!wr U{p< ;B;L6J?ED JE =E9>EE9^ 9;?R86J?ED^ 6D ?9;6B
Cpv< 6KJ>;DJ?8^ =;DK?D;^ L;H?R;9^ 6W;IJ;9^ gzcorng!qh!uqogvjkpi
wpfkurwvgf Cpv<!gzenwukqp=!eqpfgopcvkqp!
Wucig<!Vjg!ogcpu!d{!yjkej!Ict{!jcf!ugewtgf!vjg! Wucig<!Ncuv!{gct!ctqwpf!vjku!vkog-!Fcxkf!Dgemjco!
lqd!ycu!oquv!nkmgn{!crqet{rjcn/ ycu!vjg!qdlgev!qh!crqvjgquku-!dwv!vjku!{gct!jg”u!lwuv!
cpqvjgt!hcnngp!kfqn/
CRQIGG!!)p*!!]CR.wj.lgg_!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1215
U{p<!jkijguv!rqkpv=!crgz=!ceog=!|gpkvj CRRCNN!!)x*!!]wj.RCYN_!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1221
Cpv<!pcfkt! U{p<!fkuoc{=!ujqem
Wucig<!Vjg!xkpg{ctf”u!ucngu!jcf!tgcejgf!kvu!crqigg! Cpv<!ecno=!eqohqtv=!eqpuqng=!kppgtxcvg
?D J>; ZYI 7;<EH; IKT;H?D= <HEC 8EDS?8J M?J> EJ>;H Wucig<!Yg!ygtg!crrcnngf!vq!ugg!vjg!ucf!uvcvg!
nqecn!itqygtu/ ,OD;W;cI CEJ>;H >69 7;;D H;9K8;9 JE[

CRQRNGZ[!!)p*!!]CR.wj.rngm.ugg_!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1216 CRRGCUG!!)x*!!]wj.RGG\_!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1222
U{p<!uvtqmg=!nquu!qh!eqpuekqwupguu!hqnnqygf!d{! U{p<!rcekh{!qt!uqqvjg=!tgnkgxg
rctcn{uku Cpv< ;C7?W;H^ 6DDEO^ ?HH?J6J;^ F;HJKH7^ HE?B
Cpv<!eqpuekqwupguu Wucig<!Uqog!rtkokvkxg!vtkdgu!dgnkgxg!vjcv!cpkocnu!
Wucig<!Dqd”u!uwffgp!crqrngz{!ycu!vjg!ecno-!dwv! CKIJ 7; I68H?R8;9 ?D EH9;H JE crrgcug!vjg!iqfu/
fgcfn{!u{orvqo!kpfkecvkpi!jg!ycu!jcxkpi!c!
uvtqmg/ CRRGPF!!)x*!!]wj.RGPF_!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1223
U{p< 6W68>^ IKFFB;C;DJ
CRQUVCVG!!)p*!!]wj.RQU.vg{v_!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1217 Cpv<!uwdvtcev=!vcmg!cyc{!
U{p<!qpg!yjq!cdcpfqpu!jku!tgnkikqwu!hckvj!qt! Wucig<!Kv!ycu!wpcpkoqwun{!fgekfgf!d{!vjg!dqctf!
rqnkvkecn!dgnkghu qh!fktgevqtu!vq!crrgpf!vjg!pgy!encwug!vq!vjg!
Cpv<!hckvjhwn=!dgnkgxgt! tgiwncvkqpu!fqewogpv/
Wucig<!Chvgt!vjg!rtkguv”u!fgcvj-!c!nctig!pwodgt!qh!
rgqrng!vwtpgf!crquvcvgu-!hqtucmkpi!vjgkt!tgnkikqp!hqt! CRRTCKUG!!)x*!!]wj.RTG[\_!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1224
iqqf/ U{p<!guvkocvg!xcnwg!qh
Cpv<!kipqtg!
CRQVJGECT[!!)p*!!]wj.RQVJ.wj.mgt.gg_!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1218 Wucig<!Gxgp!ykvj!jgt!g{gu!enqugf-!N{pp!eqwnf!vgnn!
U{p<!ftwiikuv vjcv!ujg!ycu!dgkpi!crrtckugf!d{!Ict{/!
Wucig<!Ctogf!ykvj!vjg!fqevqt”u!rtguetkrvkqp-!K!
jgcfgf!vqyctfu!vjg!pgctguv!crqvjgect{/

hcegdqqm/eqo0xkdtcpvrwdnkujgtu
CRQECN[RVKE!.!DGOWUGF 24

CRRTGJGPUKXG!!)cfl*!!]cr.tk.JGP.ukx_!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1225 CTCDNG!!)cfl*!!]CT.wj.dwj!n_!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1231
U{p<!hgcthwn=!fkuegtpkpi U{p< RJ <EH =HEM?D= 8HEFI^ <6HC67B;
Cpv<!vtwuvkpi=!dqnf! Cpv<!kphgtvkng=!hcnnqy
Wucig< -O CEJ>;H M6I CEH; J>6D 6 B?WB; Wucig<!Vjg!rnckpu-!ykvj!vjgkt!cnnwxkcn!uqkn-!ctg!oqtg!
crrtgjgpukxg!cdqwv!vjg!uvtcpigt!yjq-!ceeqtfkpi!vq! ctcdng!hqt!vjgug!mkpfu!qh!etqru/!
jgt-!uggogf!vq!dg!hqnnqykpi!wu/
CTDKVTCVG!!)p*!!]CJT.dk.vtg{v_!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1232
CRRTKUG!!)x*!!]wj.RTCJ[\_!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1226 U{p<!lwfig=!fgekfg
U{p<!kphqto=!vgnn=!cfxkug Cpv<!eqpvguv=!fkurwvg!
Cpv<!mggr!ugetgv Wucig<!Uco!ku!qhvgp!cumgf!vq!ctdkvtcvg!vjg!kuuwg!
Wucig< .E C6W;H M>6J J>; 8EDI;GK;D8; MEKB9 7;\ dgvyggp!vjg!vyq!vgcou/
yg!mpgy!yg!jcf!vq!crrtkug!vjg!dquu!cdqwv!vjg!nquu!
qh!fcvc/! CTDQTGVWO!!)p*!!]cjt.dwj.TGG.vwj!o_!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1233
U{p< 7EJ6D?8 =6H9;D^ FB68; M>;H; 9?T;H;DJ JH;;
CRRTQDCVKQP!!)p*!!]cr.twj.DG[.ujwj!p_!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1227 xctkgvkgu!ctg!gzjkdkvgf
U{p<!crrtqxcn=!rtckug Wucig<!Pkpc!jcu!cp!cyguqog!ctdqtgvwo!ykvj!uqog!
Cpv<!etkvkekuo=!fkucrrtqdcvkqp=!fgpkcn=!egpuwtg=! tctg!gwecn{rvwu-!e{rtguu-!cpf!rkpg!vtggu/
tghwucn
Wucig<!Ujg!fgurgtcvgn{!uqwijv!crrtqdcvkqp!hqt!jgt! CTECPG!!)cfl*!!]cjt.MG[P_!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1234
cevkqpu!htqo!jgt!rggtu/ U{p<!ugetgv=!o{uvgtkqwu=!mpqyp!qpn{!vq!vjg!
kpkvkcvgf
CRRWTVGPCPEGU!!)p*!!]wj.RWT.vp.wj!pu!u_!!!!!!!!!!1228 Cpv<!uvtckijvhqtyctf=!qdxkqwu=!engct!
U{p<!uwdqtfkpcvg!rquuguukqpu Wucig<!Ctecpg C6W;HI 9?I8KII;9 EDBO 7;JM;;D J>;
Cpv<!rtkpekrcn!kvgou! vyq!qh!wu!jcf!uqogjqy!dggp!ngcmgf!qwv!vq!vjg!
Wucig<!Yg!fgekfgf!vq!dw{!cv!qpg!iq!vjg!yjqng!ugv! rtguu/
qh!crrwtvgpcpegu!vjcv!yqwnf!dg!pggfgf!hqt!qwt!pgy!
xgpvwtg/ CTEJCKE!!)cfl*!!]cjt.MG[.km_!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1235
U{p<!cpvkswcvgf
CSWKNKPG!!)cfl*!!]CM.ywj.ncj{p_!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1229 Cpv<!oqfgtp!
U{p<!ewtxgf=!jqqmgf Wucig<!Jgt!ugpug!qh!ftguukpi!uggogf!ctejcke!cpf!
Cpv<!uvtckijv! qnf.hcujkqpgf/
Wucig<!Yknoc!ycu!ejctcevgtk|gf!d{!jgt!cdqxg.
cxgtcig!jgkijv!cpf!ujctr-!cswknkpg!hgcvwtgu/ CTEJGV[RG!!)p*!!]CJT.mk.vcj{r_!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1236
U{p< FHEJEJOF;^ FH?C?J?L; F6W;HD^ JOF?86B
CTCDGUSWG!!)p*!!]ct.wj.DGUM_!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!122; Cpv<!cv{rkecn!!
U{p<!uv{ng!qh!fgeqtcvkqp!kpxqnxkpi!kpvgtvykpgf! Wucig<!Hcvjgt!Yknnkco!ycu!vjg!ctejgv{rcn!Ecvjqnke!
rncpvu!cpf!cduvtcev!ewtxgu rtkguv/
Wucig<!Gcej!eqpvckpu!c!xctkcvkqp!qp!ctcdguswg!
fgukip!ykvj!itggp!kx{!urktcnkpi!qp!c!yjkvg!
dcemitqwpf/!

yyy/xkdtcpvrwdnkujgtu/eqo
25 ITG!Ocuvgt!Yqtfnkuv<!2646!Yqtfu!hqt!Xgtdcn!Ocuvgt{

CTEJKXGU!!)p*!!]CJT.mcj{xu_!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1237 CTVKEWNCVG!!)cfl*!!]cjt.VKM.{wj.nkv_!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1243
U{p<!rwdnke!tgeqtfu=!rnceg!yjgtg!rwdnke!tgeqtfu!ctg! U{p< ;T;8J?L;^ 9?IJ?D8J^ 8E>;H;DJBO IFEA;D
mgrv Cpv<!wpengct=!wpkpvgnnkikdng!
Wucig<!Pgyurcrgt!ctejkxgu!ctg!vjg!dguv!rnceg!vq! Wucig<!Dgecwug!ujg!ecp!rwv!cetquu!jgt!vjqwijvu!uq!
nqqm!hqt!qnf-!qwvfcvgf!ctvkengu/! ctvkewncvgn{-!Mc{!ycu!ejqugp!vq!tgrtgugpv!vjg!ucngu!
vgco!cv!vjg!fgdcvg!eqpvguv/
CTIQV!!)p*!!]CJT.iqj_!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1238
U{p<!lctiqp=!uncpi CTVKHKEG!!)p*!!c"'0eIJ>ePHd VWYY
Cpv<!uvcpfctf!ncpiwcig!!! U{p<!fgegrvkqp=!vtkemgt{
Wucig<!Yg!jcf!fgxkugf!c!pgy!mkpf!qh!ctiqv!coqpi! Cpv<!hcktpguu=!ecpfqt=!jqpguv{
wu!cpf!yjgp!yg!urqmg!kp!kv-!hgy!qvjgtu!yqwnf! Wucig<!Swkvg!qhvgp-!6GI?P8;!ykpu!qxgt!rgqrng!hcuvgt!
wpfgtuvcpf!yjcv!yg!urqmg!qh/! vjcp!jqpguv{/!

CTKF!!)cfl*!!]CT.kf_!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1239 CUEGPFCPE[!!)p*!!]wj.UGP.fwj!p.ugg_!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1245
U{p<!ft{=!dcttgp=!fwnn=!wpkocikpcvkxg U{p< 8EDJHEBB?D= ?DSK;D8;^ 9EC?D6J?ED
Cpv<!ygv=!oqkuv=!tckp{=!hgtvkng Cpv<!ygcmpguu=!kphgtkqtkv{!
Wucig<!Uwtxkxkpi!kp!vjg!ctkf!fgugtv!hqt!vjg!pgzv!vgp! Wucig<!Mkpi!Igqtig!hckngf!vq!tgvckp!jku!cuegpfcpe{!
fc{u!ycu!c!jwig!ejcnngpig!Lqjp!jcf!vq!hceg/! qxgt!vjg!tgxqnvkpi!ocuugu/

CTOCFC!!)p*!!]cjt.OCJ.fwj_!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!123; CUEGVKEKUO!!)p*!!]wj.UGV.wj.uk|.wj!o_!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1246
U{p< S;;J E< M6HI>?FI U{p<!fqevtkpg!qh!ugnh.fgpkcn
Wucig< " D;M S;;J E< I>?FI >69 7;;D 699;9 JE J>; Cpv<!kpfwnigpeg!
ctocfc!ocmkpi!kv!vjg!dguv!kp!vjg!yqtnf/ Wucig<!Vq!rtcevkeg!cuegvkekuo!qpg!pggfu!vq!jcxg!c!
xgt{!uvtqpi!yknn!cpf!tguqnxg/
CTTGCTU!!)p*!!]wj.TGGT!u_!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1241
U{p<!fgdv=!qdnkicvkqp CUETKDG!!)x*!!]wj.UMTCJ[D_!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1247
Cpv<!rckf!kp!hwnn=!gzeguu!! U{p< H;<;H^ 6WH?7KJ;^ 6II?=D
Wucig<!Vjg!hcokn{!ycu!kp!fggr!cttgctu!uq!vjg{! Cpv<!fgp{=!fkueqppgev=!fkuuqekcvg
fgekfgf!vq!oqtvicig!vjg!jqwug/ Wucig<!Vjqwij!ujg!fqgu!cv!vkogu!uggo!xgt{!
ectgnguu-!kv!ycu!pqv!hckt!vq!cuetkdg!vjg!okuvcmg!vq!jgt!
CTTQ[Q!!)p*!!]wj.TQK.qj_!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1242 cnqpg/
U{p<!iwnn{=!tcxkpg!
Cpv<!jknnqem! CUKPKPG!!)cfl*!!]CU.wj.pcj{p_!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1248
Wucig<!Octvjc!cpf!Lko!jcf!urgpv!ocp{!jcrr{! U{p<!hqqnkuj=!uvwrkf
fc{u!kp!vjgkt!ejknfjqqf!rnc{kpi!kp!vjg!owf!qh!vjg! Cpv<!kpvgnnkigpv=!uoctv!
cttq{q!cflcegpv!vq!vjgkt!jqwug/ Wucig<!Vjcv!ujg!eqwnf!dg!uq!uvwrkf!cpf!cukpkpg!ycu!
c!jwig!uwtrtkug!hqt!og/

hcegdqqm/eqo0xkdtcpvrwdnkujgtu
CRQECN[RVKE!.!DGOWUGF 26

CUMCPEG!!)cfl*!!]wj.UMCPU_!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1249 CUVGTQKF!!)p*!!]CU.vwj.tqkf_!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1255
U{p<!ykvj!c!ukfgyc{u!qt!kpfktgev!nqqm U{p<!uocnn!rncpgv
Cpv<!fktgevn{! Wucig<!Vjg!tgrqtv!kp!vjg!uekgpeg!fkiguv!urqmg!cdqwv!
Wucig<!Vjg{!nqqmgf!cumcpeg!cv!Jctt{-!yqpfgtkpi! >EM J>; ;6HJ> MEKB9 7; 6T;8J;9 ?< J>;H; M;H; 6D
jqy!kp!vjg!yqtnf!jg!yqwnf!ceeqornkuj!vjg!hgcv/ cuvgtqkf!uvtkmg/

CUMGY!!)cfl*!!]wj.UM[QQ_!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!124; CUVKIOCVKUO!!)p*!!]wj.UVKI.owj.vk|.wj!o_!!!!!!!!!1256
U{p<!etqqmgf=!uncpvgf=!cyt{ U{p<!g{g!fghgev!vjcv!rtgxgpvu!rtqrgt!hqewu
Cpv<!uvtckijv!! Cpv<!ukijvgfpguu!
Wucig<!Cv!vjg!gpf!qh!vjg!ujqtv!dwv!xgt{!dwor{!tkfg-! Wucig<!Chvgt!ikxkpi!og!c!ugtkgu!qh!g{g!vguvu-!vjg!
Rcwnc”u!jcv!ycu!cumgy!cpf!uvtcpfu!qh!jgt!jckt!ygtg! qrjvjcnoqnqikuv!vqnf!og!vjcv!K!jcxg!cuvkiocvkuo/
hcnnkpi!cnn!qxgt!hceg/
CUVTKPIGPV!!)cfl*!!]wj.UVTKP.lwj!pv_!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1257
CURGTKV[!!)p*!!]wj.URGT.k.vgg_!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1251 U{p<!dkpfkpi=!ecwukpi!eqpvtcevkqp=!jctuj
U{p<!ujctrpguu!)qh!vgorgt* Cpv<!dncpf=!oknf!
Cpv<!oknfpguu=!igpvngpguu=!uyggvpguu=!uqhvpguu=! Wucig<!Jgt!ujctr-!ecwuvke!tgoctmu!cevgf!nkmg!cp!
rngcucpvpguu cuvtkpigpv!qp!jku!fgnkecvg!hggnkpiu/
Wucig<!Kv!ycu!pqv!crrtqrtkcvg!hqt!jgt!vq!wug!uwej!
curgtkv{ M>?B; J6BA?D= JE OEKD= 0;J;H^ J>; FEEH B?WB; CUWPFGT!!)cfx*!!]wj.UWJP.fgt_!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1258
mkf!ycu!jwtv/ U{p<!kpvq!rctvu=!crctv
Cpv<!eqorngvgn{!
CUUCKN!!)x*!!]wj.UG[N_!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1252 Wucig<!Vjg!dwnngv!jkv!jgt!dqf{!ykvj!uwej!hqteg!vjcv!
U{p<!cuucwnv jgt!ctou!ygtg!vqtp!cuwpfgt!htqo!jgt!vqtuq/
Cpv<!crrncwf
Wucig<!Vjg!pgy!Itcpf!Unco!ejcorkqp!ycu!cuuckngf! CU[OOGVTKE!!)cfl*!!]g{.uwj.OG.vtkm_!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1259
ykvj!cnn!uqtvu!qh!swguvkqpu!cv!vjg!rtguu!eqphgtgpeg/ U{p<!pqv!kfgpvkecn!qp!dqvj!ukfgu!qh!c!fkxkfkpi!
egpvtcn!nkpg
CUUKFWQWU!!)cfl*!!]wj.UKL.qq.wj!u_!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1253 Cpv<!u{oogvtke=!dcncpegf!
U{p<!fknkigpv=!rgtugxgtkpi Wucig<!C!tgegpv!uwtxg{!fkueqxgtgf!vjcv!rgqrng!yjq!
Cpv<!nc|{=!pginkigpv jcxg!cu{oogvtke <68?6B <;6JKH;I 6H; DEJ 6I 6WH68J?L;
Wucig< 26H6 ?I 6 8ECC?W;9\ >6H9MEHA?D= 6D9 cu!vjqug!ykvj!dcncpegf!hgcvwtgu/
cuukfwqwu!yqtmgt/!!
CVCXKUO!!)p*!!]CV.wj.xk|.wj!o_!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!125;
CUUWCIG!!)x*!!]wj.UYG[\J_!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1254 U{p<!tgxgtucn=!tgugodncpeg!vq!tgoqvg!cpeguvqtu!
U{p<!gcug!qt!nguugp!)rckp*=!ucvkuh{!)jwpigt*=!uqqvjg! tcvjgt!vjcp!vq!rctgpvu=!fghqtokv{!tgvwtpkpi!chvgt!
)cpigt* rcuucig!qh!vyq!qt!oqtg!igpgtcvkqpu
Cpv< ;IJH6D=;^ ;N8?J;^ ?D8H;6I;^ FHELEA;^ ?DS6C;^ Wucig<!Uwffgpn{!vjgtg!ycu!cp!cvcxkuo!qh!hqtvwpgu!
kpekvg=!uvkowncvg cpf!qxgtpkijv!jg!tqug!htqo!c!rcwrgt!vq!c!
Wucig<!Vjg!fgpvkuv!vcnmgf!vq!jgt!igpvn{!cpf! oknnkqpcktg/
cuuwcigf!jgt!hgctu!dghqtg!uvctvkpi!vq!yqtm!qp!jgt!
uqtg!vqqvj/

yyy/xkdtcpvrwdnkujgtu/eqo

You might also like