MORD Specifications for Low Volume

Roads
 Presentation outline
• Pavements and requirements

• Road Construction Materials and tests

• Embankment Requirements

• Subgrade Requirements

• Granular Sub Bases, Bases & Surfacing

Requirements

• Bituminous Surfacing Courses

Requirements
Pavement
Types and Choice of Pavements
Load Distribution
 Requirements of Pavement
 Structural Requirements
 Traffic loads
 Load repetition
 Climatic variables (rainfall & temperature)
 Environmental factors

 Functional Requirements
 Riding comfort
 Economic operation
 Safe operation
 Road Construction Material

 soil

 Aggregates, and

 Bituminous Materials
Tests on soils
 Tests for Soil with IS codes
Type of test Test Method
Water Content IS 2720-2 (1973)
Free Swell Index Of Soil IS 2720-40 (1977)
Plastic Limit Of Soil IS 2720-5 (1985)
Liquid Limit Of Soil IS 2720-5 (1985)
Particle Size Distribution Of Soil IS 2720-4 (1985)

The Specific Gravity Of Soil IS 2720-3-1 (1980)

The In-Situ Dry Density Of Soil By Sand

IS 2720-28 (1974)
Replacement Method

The In-Situ Dry Density Of Soil By Core

IS 2720-29 (1975)
Cutter Method

The Maximum Dry Density And The

IS 2720-7 (1980)
Optimum Moisture Content Of Soil
DRY/WET SIEVE ANALYSIS

Sieve Shaker
LIQUID LIMIT TEST

Liquid Limit Device

with Accessories
 Compaction test

Compaction Mould and Rammers

CBR TEST
 FIELD DENSITY BY SAND REPLACEMENT
METHOD

Suitable for coarse grained compacted soils

FIELD DENSITY BY CORE-CUTTER METHOD

Suitable for fine grained soils

 Embankment Construction
Suitable Material
1. Soil, moorum, gravel, a mixture of these or other
material approved by the Engineer.

2. It shall be free from logs, stumps, roots, rubbish, etc

3. The size of coarse material shall not ordinarily

exceed 75 mm when placed in embankment

4. The maximum particle size not more than 2/3 of the

compacted layer thickness.
Minimum Density Requirement For Suitability Of Embankment
Type of Work Max. laboratory dry unit weight
(IS:2720, Part 7)
(a)Embankment not subject Not less than 14.4 kN/m3
to Not less than 15.2 kN/m3
1) flooding height upto 3 m
2) height more than 3 m
(b) Embankment subject to Not less than 15.2 kN/m3
flooding

Type of work / Material Relative compaction % of

maximum laboratory dry density
obtained by standard proctor test
as per IS:2720(Part 7)
Embankment Not less than 90% - 95%
Expansive Clays 90% - 95%
 Embankment Construction
Unsuitable Materials
• Material from swamps, marshes and bogs
• Peat, log, stump and perishable material; soil classified as OL,
OI, OH or Pt as per IS:1498.
• Materials susceptible to spontaneous combustion
• Clay having liquid limit exceeding 70 and plasticity index
exceeding 45
• Material with salts resulting in leaching action e.g. sodic soils
(pH > 8.5)
• Expansive clay with free swelling index exceeding 50 per cent
 Embankment Construction
Unsuitable Materials
• Materials in a frozen condition

• Fill materials with a soluble sulphate content exceeding 1.9

gm of sulphate, (expressed as SO3) per litre.

• Material with a total sulphate content (expressed as SO3)

exceeding 0.5 per cent by mass.
 Embankment Construction

• Setting out
• Dewatering
• Stripping of topsoil
• Preparing foundation
• Spreading and Moisture control
• Compaction
• Repairs of damages caused by rain/spillage of
water
• Embankment around structures
 Subgrade Construction
• Soil, moorum, gravel, a mixture of these or any other
approved material.

• Material considered unsuitable for embankment

construction shall not be used for sub-grade.

• The material for subgrade shall be non-expansive in nature

• Where an expansive clay with acceptable “free swelling

index” value is used as a fill material in embankment, the
sub-grade and top 500 mm portion of the embankment just
below the sub-grade shall be non-expansive in nature.
 Subgrade Construction
• The size of coarse material in the soil shall ordinarily not
exceed 50 mm when placed in the subgrade.

• Any fill material which yields a maximum dry laboratory unit

weight of less than 16.5 kN/m3 determined as per IS:2720
(Part 7) shall be considered unsuitable for use in subgrade.

• Moisture content: +1% or -2% of OMC

• Relative Compaction: 100%

Existing sub grade:
• If sub grade CBR is less than 2%, a capping layer of 100mm
thick with 10% CBR soil is to be provided and a CBR of 2% is
to be taken for crust design
 Subgrade Construction
Construction operations
• Setting out
• Dewatering
• Stripping of Top soil
• Spreading
• Moisture control
• Compaction
Tests on aggregates
 Tests for Aggregates with IS codes
Property of
Type of Test Test Method
Aggregate
Crushing strength Crushing test IS : 2386 (part 4)

Hardness Los Angeles abrasion test IS : 2386 (Part 5)

Toughness Aggregate impact test IS : 2386 (Part 4)

Durability Soundness test IS : 2386 (Part 5)

Shape factors Shape test IS : 2386 (Part 1)

Specific gravity and Specific gravity test and

IS : 2386 (Part 3)
porosity water absorption test

Stripping value of
Adhesion to bitumen IS : 6241-1971
aggregate
 Abrasion
 Internal
testing
Dia 700mm, and Length
500mm
 Abrasive Charges of Cast Iron with
48mm Dia weighing 390 - 445 gms
 Quantity of Aggregates 5 – 10 Kg
(Depending upon the size of
aggregates taken)
 Cylinder Speed 30 – 33 Rpm
 No. of Revolutions 500 – 1000
(Depending upon the size of the
aggregates taken)
 Passing 1.7mm sieve
 • Material passing 12.5 mm sieve and
retained on 10 mm sieve
• 3 Layers in measuring cylinder, each layer
given 25 tamping

• Transfer entire material at once to test

cylindrical cup, 25 tamping
• 15 blows with hammer
• Material passing 2.36 mm sieve

• Impact value = ( W2 / W1 ) * 100

• Surface Courses……… max 30%

• Base courses…………..max 40%
• Sub-base courses…….max 50%

AGGREGATE IMPACT TESTING

 SHAPE OF AGGREGATES

Angular Particle

Elongated Particle Flaky particle

Thickness Gauge Length Gauge

CRUSHING TEST

Metal Measures and Tamping

Rods
Specific Gravity and Water Absorption test

Buoyancy Balance
With Accessory
 Granular/Gravel Sub-Base
• Natural sand, moorum, gravel, crushed
stone, crushed slag, brick metal and kankar.

• Min CBR 20%

• Wet AIV < 50% layer thickness :100mm

compacted with smooth wheeled roller ,225
mm compacted with vibratory roller.
• Should free from organic or deleterious
materials.
• The granular subbase materials shall
conform to the gradings.
 Granular Sub-base
Table :Grading for granular sub-base materials
IS Sieve Size Per cent by Weight Passing the IS Sieve
Grading I Grading II Grading III
75 mm 100 - -
53 mm - 100
26.5 mm 55-75 50-80 100
9.50 mm - - -
4.75 mm 10-30 15-35 25-45
2.36 mm - - -
0.425 mm - - -
0.075 mm < 10 < 10 < 10

On clayey subgrades where otherwise drainage condition are encountered,

the percent passing IS Sieve 0.075 mm shall not exceed 5
Where naturally occurring gravel is specified for sub-base it
shall conform to following grading.
Sieve Designation Per cent by Weight Passing the IS Sieve
Grading I Grading II
53 mm 100 -

37.5 mm 100 -

26.5 mm 75-95 -

19.0 mm 80-100 -

9.5 mm 40-75 55-80

4.75 mm 30-60 40-60

425 µ 15-30 15-30

0.075 < 15 < 15

The subbase gravel should have minimum CBR of 20

%
 Physical Requirements of Materials for Sub-base
Climate Liquid limit Plasticity Index Remarks
Rain fall >1000 mm < 35 <10 up to 1 msa

Rain fall < 1000 mm <40 <15 to 1 msa

All areas respect of <25 <6 Design Traffic > 1

rain fall msa
Wet AIV Shalll not exceed 50
The subbase shall have a min soaked CBR of 20 at FDD
When Locally available morrum are used in the GSB it shall b
 ensured through adeqate test son represenative samples th
all the requirements meets.

Note: Subbase materials req CBR is not met within economical leads than satis
all the Grading and other requirements 15 CBR is allowed.
Gravel/Soil-aggregate Base And Surface
Course
• Natural gravel/ soil-aggregate or blended with suitable
aggregate fractions of stone, gravel, moorum, sand or
combination of these materials depnding of grading
requirement.
• Wet Aggregate Impact Value (IS:5640) shall not exceed
40 and 30 when used in base and 30 when used in
surfacing.
• Flakiness Index (IS:2386 Part I) shall not exceed 25
percent when used in base and 20 when used in surfacing.
Gravel/Soil-aggregate Base And Surface Course
– In high rainfall areas (annual rainfall of 1500 mm or
above), coastal areas and where local soils are salt
infested, if the water absorption value of the coarse
aggregate is greater than 2 percent, the Soundness test
shall be carried out on the material delivered to the site
as per IS:2386 (Part 5).
• Loss with Sodium Sulphate, 5 cycles: 12 per cent
maximum
• Loss with Magnesium Sulphate, 5 cycles : 18 per
cent maximum
Fine aggregates material passing 4.75 mm sieve shall
consist of natural or crushed sand and fine mineral
particles.
 Gravel/Soil-Agg Base and Surface
Course
IS Sieve desperation Per cent by Weight Passing IS Sieve
Grading A Grading B Grading C
53 mm 100
37.5 mm 97–100 100
26.5 mm 97–100 100
19 mm 67–81 97–100
9.5 mm 56–70 67 – 79
4.75 mm 33–47 39–53 47 – 59
425 µ 10–19 12–21 12 – 21
75 µ 4.0-15 4.0–15 4.0–15
The Liquid Limit shall not exceed 25 and PI shall not exceed 6.
 Grading requirements for soil-
aggregate mixtures for sub-base/base
Sieve size % by mass passing IS sieve Grading designation
nominal maximum size
80 mm 40 mm 20 mm
80 mm 100
40 mm 97-100 100
20 mm 60-80 80-100 100
10 mm 45-65 55-80 80-100
4.75 mm 30-50 40-60 50-75
2.36 mm - 30-50 35-60
600 µm 10-30 15-30 15-35

75 µm 5-15 5-15 5-15

Grading requirement for surface gravel
IS Sieve Per cent by Weight Passing IS
Designation Sieve
26.5 mm 100

19 mm 97–100

4.75 mm 41 – 71

425 µm 12-28

75 µm 9 – 16
 Grading and plasticity index requirements for surface
course
Gravel/Soil aggregate for surface course should sat
Percent by mass
passing designated
IS Sieve sieve nominal
maximum size 10 mm
Climate Liquid limit Plasticity Index
10 mm 100
High Rain fall 35 4-9
4.75 80-100 >1500 mm
mm
Med Rain fall 40 6-15
2.36 50-80
mm
750-1500mm
1.18 40-65 Low rain 55 15-30
mm fall<750 mm
600 µm -
300 µm 20-40

75 µm 10-25
Lime treated soil for improved subgrade/
sub base
• The PI of the soil to be treated should generally
be higher than 10.
• Lime for lime-soil stabilization work shall be
commercial dry lime slaked at site or pre-slaked
lime delivered to the site in suitable packing
• The lime shall have purity of not less than 70%
by weight of CaO when tested in accordance
with IS:1514
• The water to be used for lime stabilization shall
be clean and free from injurious substances.
Potable water shall be preferred.
 Table : Lime Content For Different Type Of Soil
Soil type required
Alluvial soils and Moorum (PI : 10-15) 3%

Clays/ BC soil of medium plasticity (PI : 15-30) 3-5%

Highly expansive Clays (PI : over 30 ) 5-6%

Table : Soil Pulverisation Requirements For Lime Stabilization

Is sieve Minimum % by weight

passing the IS sieve
26.5 mm 100
5.6 mm 80
 CEMENT TREATED SOIL SUBBASE AND BASE
• Sand, gravel, laterite, kankar, brick aggregate,
crushed rock, slag or flyash or combination of
these.
• For use in base course, the Liquid limit and
Plasticity Index shall not exceed 45% and 20%.
• Cement: Cement shall comply with the
requirements of IS:269, 455 or 1489
• Water: The water for cement stabilization shall be
clean and free from injurious substances
• For use in base and sub-base courses, minimum
7-day unconfined compressive strength of 2.76
MPa and 1.7 MPa respectively is required.
 CEMENT TREATED SOIL SUBBASE AND BASE
Table : Cement content for different type of soil
Soil type required
Sands/Sandy soils/Soil-Gravels 3-5 %
Silts/Silty clays of low P1 (<15) 4-8%
Clays/black cotton soils 8-15%
Table : Grading limits of material for stabilization with cement
IS Sieve % by weight passing within the range
Sub- base base
53.0 mm 100
37.5 mm 95-100
19.0 mm 45-100
9.5 mm 35-100
4.75 mm 25-100
600 micron 8-65
300 micron 5-40
75 micron 0-10
WBM as Sub-Base /Base /Surfacing: Physical
Reqs
• Water absorption of aggregate > 2 %
Soundness test.
• Aggregates like brick bats, kankar, laterite etc.
which get softened in presence of water shall
be tested for Aggregate Impact Value under wet
conditions in accordance with IS:5640.

Test Sub-base Base Surfacing

AI value < 50 < 40 < 30
Flakiness index < 30 < 25 < 20
Loss with Sodium
< 12% < 12% < 12%
Sulphate
Loss with
Magnesium < 18% < 18% < 18%
 Grading requirements of coarse aggregate for
WBM Per cent by weight
Grading No. Size Range IS Sieve Designation
passing
1. 90 mm to 45 mm 125 mm 100
90 mm 90-100

63 mm 25-60

45 mm 0-15

22.4 mm 0-5

2. 63 mm to 45 mm 90 mm 100
63 mm 90-100

53 mm 25-75

45 mm 0-15

22.4 mm 0-5

3. 53 mm to 22.4 mm 63 mm 100
53 mm 95-100

45 mm 65-90

22.4 mm 0-10
 Grading for screening
Grading IS Sieve Per cent by weight
Size of Screenings
Classification Designation passing the IS Sieve

A. 13.2 mm 13.2 mm 100

11.2 mm 95-100

5.6 mm 15-35

180 micron 0-10

B. 11.2 mm 11.2 mm 100

5.6 mm 90-100

180 micron 15-35

To fill in voids , generally consist of same materials as the coarse aggregates
Economic considerations are so warrant predominately non plastic materials (other
than rounded river borne) may be used for this purpose and Liquid limit and PI of
such materials 20 and 6 respectively.
 In soft aggregates screening should omitted – likely to crush under rollers.
 Wet Mix Macadam Base
• Coarse aggregate shall be crushed stone and shall
conform to the requirements.
• Thickness of the single compacted WMM shall not be <
75 mm.
• The Compacted thickness of a single layer of the base
course may be up to 200 mm.

Test Test Method Requirements

AIV Value IS:2386 40 % (maximum )

Flakiness Index IS :2386 25 % (maximum )

If water absorption value of coarse aggregate is greater than

2 %, soundness test shall be carried out.
 Table : Grading Requirements

IS Sieve Maximum percent by weightPassing

Designation the sieve
53.00 mm 100
45.00 mm 95-100
26.50 mm -
22.40 mm 60-80
11.20 mm 40-60
4.75 mm 25-40 WET MIX MACADAM
2.36 mm 15-30
600 micron 8-22
75 micron 0-8
Material finer than 425 micron shall have Plasticity
Index (PI) not exceeding 6
Shoulder
Optimum Moisture Content : The shoulder material should be
Optimum Moisture Content shall be selected earth with maximum laboratory
determined in accordance with dry unit weight not less 16.5 kN/m3 .
IS:2720 (Part 7) LL and PI not to exceed 25 and 6
respectively
 Local material for road construction

• Locally available soils and aggregates

• Transport cost and Economic
consideration.
• Construction aspects for the use of
these materials are similar to the
conventional quality materials.
Sl. State of Occurrence of Manner of Use in the Test/Quality Requirements
No. Material Pavement

Kankar, Laterite,
As WBM without Wet Aggregate Impact Value
1. Dhandla etc. found screenings/filler after
( IS:5640) not to exceed 50,
in blocks or large 40 and 30 when used in
breaking the material,
discrete particles. broadly meeting the sub-base, base and
required sizes. surfacing respectively.
2. Naturally occurring Directly as a granular PI should not exceed 6 when

gravels without layer for sub- used in lower courses.

base/base course.
appreciable amount Evaluated for strength by
of soaked CBR.
soil.
3. Soil-gravel with Directly as soil-gravel The material should be

appreciable for sub-bas e /base. well-graded and the PI

amount of soil. restricted as for Sl. No. 2
above. Evaluated for
strength by soaked CBR
value.
 Lime- flyash stabilised soil sub-base
Table : Chemical Requirements For Flyash As A Pozzolana
Table : Physical Requirements For Flyash As A Pozzolana

•Lime should have a purity of not less than 70% by weight of CaO when
tested as per IS:1514.Quick lime which has been pre-slaked at site should
be used within 7 days. Slaked lime supplied in airtight bags should not be
stored for more than 3 months.
• Soil should have a PI between 4 and 20; soil with PI more than 20 may
be used provided strength requirements are satisfied.
• Water should be free from injurious salts, organic matter and other
deleterious matter. Potable water is satisfactory.
MORD - Crusher Run Macadam
53 mm maximum size
Aggregate gradation
requirement for Crusher Run
Macadam
53mm max size
Per cent passing
IS Sieve, by weight
mm
53 mm max size
63 100
45 87 - 100
22.4 50 - 85
5.6 25 – 45
0.710 10 - 25
AIV < 30% and FIV < 25% for coarse
0.090 2-9 aggregates. LL < 25% & PI < 6%
 Crusher Run Macadam 37.5mm maximum size

400-20, Aggregate gradation

requirement for Crusher Run
Macadam 37.5mm max size
Per cent passing
IS Sieve, by weight
mm
37.5 mm max size
63 --
45 100
22.4 90 - 100
5.6 35 - 55
0.710 10 - 30
0.090 2-9 AIV < 40% and FIV < 25% for coarse
aggregates. LL < 25% & PI < 6%
Bitumen tests
 Tests for Bitumen with IS codes
Type of test Test Method
Penetration Test IS: 1203-1978
Ductility test IS: 1208-1978

Softening Point test IS: 1205-1978

Specific gravity test IS: 1202-1978

Viscosity test IS: 1206-1978

Flash and Fire Point test IS: 1209-1978

Float Test IS: 1210-1978

Determination of water content IS: 1211-1978

Determination of Loss on heating IS:1212-1978

 PENETRATION TEST

PENETROMETER
PENETRATION TEST
DUCTILITY TEST

BRIQUETTE MOULD
 DUCTILITY TEST

DUCTILITY TESTING MACHINE

SOFTENING POINT TEST
RING AND BALL
APPARATUS
SOFTENING POINT TEST
SPECIFIC GRAVITY TEST
FLASH POINT TEST
FLASH POINT TEST
VISCOSITY TEST
STRIPPING TEST
 Prime Coat Over Granular Base

• Application of single coat low viscosity liquid bituminous

materials to non bituminous porous granular surface
prepared to spread the bituminous treat mix.

• The primer shall be cationic bitumen emulsion ss1 grade

and it shall not be applied to wet surface/ during
dust/foggy/rainy and windy.

Type of Quantity per 10sqm Surface (kg)

WBM /WMM 7-10
Stabilized Base 9-12
Gravel base 12-15
 Table: Type And Quantity Of Cutback Bitumen Primer
Type of surface Type of Rate of
cutback spray(kg/m^2)
WMM/WBM MC 30 0.6-0.9
Mechanical stabilized soil base, MC 70 0.9-1.2
lime stabilized soil, soil cement
and lime cement base
Gravel base , crusher run macadam MC 250 1.2-1.5
and crushed rock base

Weather and seasonal limitations

• Shall not be applied to a wet surface or during a dust storm
or when the weather is foggy, rainy or windy or when the
temperature in the shade is less than 10 degrees Celsius.
• Surface should be free from standing water and shall be just
damp.
 Tack coat
Binder for Tack Coat:
Rapid setting bituminous emulsion Grade RS-1 complying
with IS:1887 as specified in Contract. For sites at sub-zero
temperature: Cutback Bitumen (Medium Curing Grade) as
per IS:217.
Table : Rate of application of Binder
Type of Surface Quantity of emulsion per sqm
area (kg)

Normal Bituminous surfaces 0.20 to 0.25

Dry and hungry bituminous surfaces 0.25 to 0.30

Granular (primed) 0.25 to 0.30

Cement Concrete Pavement 0.30 to 0.35

 BITUMINOUS MACADAM
• A paving bitumen of viscosity graded complying
with IS:73
• Crushed rock, crushed gravel or other hard
material retained on the 2.36 mm sieve.
• Clean, hard, durable, of cubical shape , free from
dust and soft or friable matter , organic or other
deleterious substance.

Lowest daily mean Highest daily mean Air temperature °C

Air temperature, °C Less than 20 °C 20 to 30 °C More than 30 °C
More than -10 °C VG -10 VG -20 VG -30
-10 °C or lower VG -10 VG -10 VG -20
 BITUMINOUS MACADAM
Physical requirement for aggregates for bituminous macadam
Property Test Specification

Particle shape Flakiness index (IS:2386 Part 1) Max. 25 %

Strength Aggregate Impact Value (IS:2386 Part Max. 30 %

4)
Durability Soundness (IS:2386 Part 5)

Sodium sulphate Max. 12 %

Magnesium sulphate Max. 18 %

Water absorption Water Absorption (IS:2386 Part 3) Max. 2 %

Stripping Coating and stripping of bitumen Minimum retained

aggregate coating 95 %
mixture. (IS:6241)
 BITUMINOUS MACADAM
Composition of bituminous Macadam
IS Sieve (mm) Cumulative Per cent Passing
by weight of Total Aggregate
26.5 100
19 90-100
13.2 56-88
4.75 16-36
2.36 4-19
0.3 2-10
0.075 0-5
Bitumen content, % by weight 3.3-3.5
of total mixture
Bitumen Viscosity Grade VG-10 to VG-30
 Surface dressing
Bitumen:
• Viscosity grade bitumen (IS 73)
• Modified bitumen (IS 15462)
• Rapid setting bitumen emulsion (IS 8887)

Lowest daily mean Highest daily mean Air temperature °C

Air temperature, °C Less than 20 °C 20 to 30 °C More than 30 °C
More than -10 °C VG -10 VG -20 VG -30
-10 °C or lower VG -10 VG -10 VG -20
 Surface dressing
Physical requirement for aggregates for Surface dressing
Property Test Specification

Particle shape Flakiness index (IS:2386 Part 1) Max. 25 %

Strength Aggregate Impact Value (IS:2386 Part Max. 30 %

4)
Durability Soundness (IS:2386 Part 5)

Sodium sulphate Max. 12 %

Magnesium sulphate Max. 18 %

Water absorption Water Absorption (IS:2386 Part 3) Max. 1 %

Stripping Coating and stripping of bitumen Minimum retained

aggregate coating 95 %
mixture. (IS:6241)
 GRADING REQUIREMENTS FOR CHIPS FOR SURFACE DRESSING

IS Sieve Cumulative percent by weight of total aggregate passing

Designation (mm) for the following nominal sizes(mm)
19 13 10 6
26.5 100 501 502 503
19 85-100 100 504 505
13 0-40 85-100 100 506
9.5 0-7 0-40 85-100 100
6.3 507 0-7 0-35 85-100
4.75 508 509 0-10 510
3.35 511 512 513 0-35
2.36 0-2 0-2 0-2 0-10
0.6 514 515 516 0-2
0.075 0-1.5 0-1.5 0-1.5 0-1.5
Minimum 65% by Passing 19mm Passing 13.2 Passing 9.5mm Passing 6.3
weight of retained 13.2mm mm retained retained 6.3 mm mm retained
aggregate 9.5 mm 3.35 mm
 20 mm Open graded Premix Surfacing
using Bitumen
Table : Physical requirements of stone aggregate

Property Test Specification

Flakiness index (IS:2386 Part
Particle shape Max. 25 %
1)
Strength Aggregate Impact Value Max. 30 %
(IS:2386 Part 4)
Durability Soundness (IS:2386 Part 5)

Sodium sulphate Max. 12 %

Magnesium sulphate Max. 18 %

Water absorption Water Absorption (IS:2386 Max. 1 %

Part 3)
Stripping Coating and stripping of Minimum
bitumen aggregate retained
mixture. (IS:6241) coating 95 %
Binder: The binder shall be a viscosity grade bitumen of suitable
grade and Satisfying the Requirements of IS:73

Table : Quantities of material required for 10 m^2 area

Aggregate Quantity
(a) Nominal size 13.2 mm (passing 22.4 0.18 m3
mm sieve and retained on 11.2 mm
sieve)
(b) Nominal size 11.2 mm (passing 13.2 0.09 m3
mm sieve and retained on 5.6 mm
sieve)
Total 0.27 m3
Binder

(a) For 0.18 m3 of 13.2 mm nominal size 9.5 kg

stone at 52 kg bitumen per m 3
(b) For 0.09 m3 of 11.2 mm nominal size 5.1 kg
stone at 56 kg bitumen per m 3
Total 14.6 kg
20 mm cold mixed Open graded Premix carpet
• The binder for premix carpet shall be bitumen emulsion of Medium
Setting (MS) grade complying with IS:8887 and having a bitumen
content of 65% minimum by weight.
• Physical requirements of stone aggregate same as Open graded
Premix Surfacing using Bitumen

Quantities of material required for 10 m^2 area

Aggregate Quantity
(a) Nominal size 13.2 mm (passing 0.18 m3
22.4 mm sieve and retained on
11.2 mm sieve)
(b) Nominal size 11.2 mm (passing 0.09 m3
13.2 mm sieve and retained on
5.6 mm sieve)
Total 0.27 m3
Cationic bitumen Emulsion 20-23 kg
 Mix Seal Surfacing
• The fine aggregates shall be crushed rock, quarry sand,
natural gravel/sand or a mixture of both free from organic
and deleterious substances

• Binder: The binder shall be a viscosity grade bitumen of

suitable grade and Satisfying the Requirements of IS:73

Lowest daily mean Highest daily mean Air temperature °C

Air temperature, Less than 20 °C 20 to 30 °C More than 30 °C
°C
More than -10 °C VG -10 VG -20 VG -30
-10 °C or lower VG -10 VG -10 VG -20
 Mix Seal Surfacing
Table : Physical requirements of stone aggregate
Property Test Specification

Particle shape Flakiness index (IS:2386 Part 1) Max. 25 %

Strength Aggregate Impact Value (IS:2386 Part Max. 30 %

4)
Durability Soundness (IS:2386 Part 5)

Sodium sulphate Max. 12 %

Magnesium sulphate Max. 18 %

Water absorption Water Absorption (IS:2386 Part 3) Max. 1 %

Stripping Coating and stripping of bitumen Minimum retained

aggregate coating 95 %
mixture. (IS:6241)
 Mix Seal Surfacing
Aggregate Gradation
IS sieve designation Cumulative percent by weight passing
(mm)

Type A Type B

13.2 — 100

11.2 100 88 -100

5.6 52 -88 31 -52

2.8 52 -88 5 -25

0.090 0 -5 0 -5
 Seal coat
• The seal coat shall be any of the three
types mentioned below:
• Type A : Liquid seal coat comprising
of an application of layer of
bituminous binder followed by a cover
of stone chips.
• Type B : Premixed seal coat
comprising of a thin application of
fine aggregate premixed with
bituminous binder.
• Type C : Premixed seal coat
comprising of an application of 6.7
mm size stone chips premixed with
Table : Quantity And Gradation Requirement Of Aggregate For Seal Coat

Type of seal coat Quantity of aggregate Gradation requirement

requiredper 10 sqm
area
100% passing sieve 100 % retained sieve
designation designation
Type A 0.09 cum 11.2 mm 2.36 mm
Type B 0.06 cum 2.36 mm 180 microns
Type C 0.09 cum 9.5 mm 2.36 mm

Table : Quantities of binder required for seal coat

Type of seal coat
Per 10 sq m area
Bitumen in kg Bituminous Emulsion in
kg
Type A 9.8 12 to 14
Type B 6.8 10 to 12
Type C 4.5% by weight of total 9 to 11
mix