Í≥‹≈Ï Á∆ «Óº‡∆ Í≈·

fJjdk ozr ;zX{oh W, fJj r'oh fuZNh W,

fJj˘ w?ˇh Bk eoBk, w/o/ gzikp dh fwZNh W.
fJ; fwZNh ftZu e'Jh e[VZsD, feZdK e'Jh T[rkt/,
fJj fwZNh s/ xo-xo ik e/, fgnko dk p{Nk bkt/.
g[ZS bU ¯ehoK s'A, fJjdh pkDh fwZmh W,
fJ; ˘ w?ˇh Bk eoBk, w/o/ gzikp dh fwZNh W.
eo' d[nk ed/ fJ; fwZNh ”s/, T[j w";w Bk nkt/,
fJ; ”u'A T[Zfrnk jo e'Jh ;{oi ekˇy jh pD ikt/.
oZp d/ xo s'A “nzi[w” nkJh fJj fuZmh W,
fJj˘ w?ˇh Bk eoBk, w/o/ gzikp dh fwZNh W.
nfGnk;
j/m fby/ gqÙBK d/ T[Zso fdUL-
1a fJ; eftsk ftZu fe; gqKs dk fieo W <
2a “gzikp dh fwZNh” eftsk dk eth e"D W <
3a Gkt-noE fby'L
fJj fwZNh s/ xo-xo ik e/ fgnko dk p{Nk bkt/.
¡«Ë¡≈Í’ Ò¬∆
- pZfuU! N'bh pDk e/ fJj eftsk iwks ftZu ;[DkU.
- gzikp dh wjkBsk pko/ j'o ikDekoh pZfunK ˘ fdZsh ikt/.
✻✻✻
1
 Í≈·
B «⁄º‡≈ Ó∂Ó‰≈

fuZNk w/wDk pVk wBw"ih ;h. T[j ;kok fdB fssbhnK ns/ c[ZbK Bkˇ y/vdk ofjzdk . T[j d{o
gjkVK tZb th t/ydk. T[ZE/ ;zxD≈ izrˇ ;h. T[ZE/ gjkVK T[Zs/ po¯ th ;h. fuZN/ w/wD/ dh wK nZyK
whuh nokw eo ojh ;h. fuZN/ w/wD/ B/ po¯hb/ gjkV dh Nh;h tZb t/fynk. T[j T[; gjkV dh Nh;h T[Zs/
uVQBk ukj[zdk ;h. fJZe fdB fuZN/ w/wD/ B/ pZeoh-wK ˘ fJZSk dZ;h fe T[j gjkV dh Nh;h T[Zs/ uVQ e/
t/yDk ukj[zdk W. pZeoh wK B/ fuZN/ w/wD/ ˘ fMVfenk. T[ZE/ gjkV dh Nh;h T[Zs/ e'Jh Bj] ;h iKdk. okj
ftZu pj[s ıso/ ;B. fuZN/ w/wD/ ftZu pj[s i'Ù ;h.
fJZe fdB G/vK ns/ pZeohnK xkj uo ojhnK ;B.
T[j nkgD/ fXnkB xkj uodhnK, fJZXo-T[Xo fyZbo
rJhnK. fuZNk w/wDk gjkVK tZb s[o fgnk. T[j t/yDk
ukj[zdk ;h fe f;yo T[Zs/ yb' e/ fe; soQK wfj;{; jz[dk W.
fuZNk w/wDk s[fonk frnk, s[fonk frnk. okj ftZu fJZe
gjkVh Bdh nkJh. fuZN/ w/wD/ B/ gZEoK T[Zs/ Ng{;hnK
wkofdnK Bdh gko eo bJh. Bdh ftZu so ojhnK wZShnK
pseK ns/ vZv{nK B/ j?okB j' e/ T[jd/ tZb t/fynk. izrˇ
ftZu gj[zu e/ fuZN/ w/wD/ B/ oZ[yK T[Zs/ pKdo t/y/. T[j nkg;
ftZu y/vK eo oj/ ;B. o[ZyK d/ gZfsnK ftZu gzSh ufjujk oj/
;B. T[jBK ;kfonK B/ dZf;nk fe gjkV dk okj ısfonK
«⁄º‡≈ Ó∂Ó‰≈
Gfonk ;h. izrˇ j'o ;zxDk j'Jh frnk. fuZNk w/wDk c/o th
s[fonk jh frnk.
izrˇ ftZu oks j' rJh. mzY th tX rJh. fuZN/ w/wD/ B/ foZS dh x[o-x[o ;[Dh. T[j˘ vo bZrk.
T[j fJZe MkVh Ujb/ b[e frnk. nrbh ;t/o fuZNk w/wDk T[ZE'A s[o fgnk. pZdˇK ˘ fgZS/ Sºvdk T[j
fsZyhnK uVQkJhnK uVQdk frnk. T[Zvd/ gzShnK B/ T[j˘ j";bk fdZsk. T[Zgob/ gjkVK T[Zs/ po¯ jh
po¯ ;h. fuZNk w/wDk mzY Bkˇ ezpD bZr fgnk. T[j˘ po¯ ftZu s[fonk fcodk fJZe :ke fwfˇnk.
:ke B/ nkfynk, ““w/wfDnk\ s{z fjzws Bk jko], pZ; s[odk oj].”” po¯hbhnK jtktK trD bZr
gJhnK. fuZN/ w/wD/ dk ;¯o j'o th n"yk j' frnk. T[j c/o th o[fenk Bj]. gjkV d/ f;yo se gj[zuD
bJh T[j fdqVQ fJokd/ Bkˇ s[fonk frnk. wz˜b T[Zs/ gjzu e/ fuZNk w/wDk p'fbnk, ““pZb/! pZb/aaaa w?A sK

2
uVQ frnk gjkVK dh Nh;h T[Zs/.”” fuZNk w/wDk T[; t/ˇ/ nzpo ˘ th S{j ;edk ;h. ;ko/ iB"o ı[Ùh ftZu
BZuD bZr gJ/. fuZN/ w/wD/ dh ı{p gq;z;k j'Jh. fuZNk w/wDk ÙkBdko fiZs jk;b eo e/ w[fVnk ;h.
fuZNk w/wDk ;ko/ ihtK dk BkfJe pD frnk. ;kfonK B/ T[j˘ ;[rksK fdZshnK. fuZN/ w/wD/ B/ nkgDh
pjkdoh ns/ fdqVQsk Go/ ekoBkw/ Bkˇ ;kfonK ihtK dk fdb fiZs fbnk ;h.

nfGnk;

1a mhe T[Zso nZr/ ;jh (√)dk fBÙkB bkUL-

1a fuZNk w/wDk ;kok fdB feBPK Bkˇ y/vdk ;h<
(T) ;kEh w/wfDnK Bkˇ (n) fssbhnK ns/ c[ZbK Bkˇ
(J) pKdoK Bkˇ
2a fuZNk w/wDk eh ukj[zdk ;h<
(T) xkj u[rDk (n) dZ[X ghDk
(J) gjkV dh Nh;h T[Zs/ uVQBk
3a izrˇ ftZu fuZN/ w/wD/ B/ fe; dh x[o-x[o ;[Dh<
(T) foZS (n) :ke (J) pKdo
4a T[Zgob/ gjkVK T[Zs/ eh ;h<
(T) po¯ jh po¯ (n) ;zxD/ o[Zy (J) uNkBK
5a wz˜b T[Zs/ gjz[u e/ fuZNk w/wDk eh p'fbnk<
(T) U-j' (n) jkJ/-jkJ/ (J) pZb/! pZb/aaaaaa
2a S'N/ T[ZsoK tkˇ/ gqÙB
1a fuZN/ w/wD/ B/ fe; ˘ nkgDh fJZSk dZ;h<
2a fuZNk w/wDk feZXo s[o fgnk<
3a Bdh ftZu fejV/ iht so oj/ ;B<
4a fuZNk w/wDk feT[A ezpD bZr fgnk<
5a fuZNk w/wDk ;ko/ ihtK dk eh pD frnk ;h<
3a ;zy/g T[ZsoK tkˇ/ gqÙBL-
1a fuZN/ w/wD/ dk ;[Gkn fej'- fijk ;h<
2a pZeoh- wK B/ w/wD/ ˘ eh fejk<
3a fuZN/ w/wD/ B/ Bdh fet/A gko ehsh<
4a fuZN/ w/wD/ B{z :ke B/ eh fejk<
5a fuZN/ w/wD/ B/ ;ko/ ihtK dk fdb fet/A fiZfsnk<
3
4a tkeK ftZu tos'L
wBw"ih, fJZSk, ;zxDk, wz˜b, fdqVQ fJokdk
5a ıkbh EKtK Go'L-
1a fuZN/ w/wD/ dh wK aaaaaaaaaanokw eo ojh ;h.
2a fJZe fdB G/vK ns/aaaaaaaaaaaaxkj uo ojhnK ;B.
3a izrˇ ftZu gjz[u e/ fuZN/ w/wD/ B/ o[ZyK T[Zs/ aaaaaaaaaad/y/.
4a pZdˇK ˘ fgZS/ SZvdk T[jaaaaaaaaaauVQdk frnk.
5a fuZNk w/wDk aaaaaaaaaaaajk;b eoe/ w[fVnk.
6a j/m fby/ ÙpdK ˘ fjzdh ns/ nzro/˜h ftZu fby'L-
g≥ikph fjzdh nzro/˜h
izrˇ aaaaaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaaaaa
xkj aaaaaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaaaaa
o[Zy aaaaaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaaaaa
BkfJe aaaaaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaaaaa
fuZNk aaaaaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaaaaa
7a j/m fby/ ÙpdK ˘ Ù[ZX eo e/ fby'L-
nkokw, mzv, wzib, go;z;k, dfoVsk

¡«Ë¡≈Í’ Ò¬∆

nfXnkge ftfdnkoEhnK ˘ fdqVP fJokd/ ns/ fBÙkBk fwE e/ uZbD tkˇh nfijh j'o
ejkDh ;[Dk e/ gq/fos eoB.

✻✻✻

4
 Í≈·
√Ó≈‹-√∂Ú’ C

eJh w/fbnK ftZu Bhbh todh tkˇ/ e[M w[zv/ ;/tk eod/ B˜o nkT[Ad/ jB. nBzdg[o ;kfjp dk
j'bk j't/ Gkt/A w[es;o ;kfjp dk wkxh dk w/bk s/ ¯fsjrVQ ;kfjp dk Ùjhdh i'V-w/bk iK e[zG dk
w/bk. fJj w[zv/ :ksohnK dh ;jkfJsk eoB bJh jo EK fsnko fwˇBr/. fJ;sohnK dh ;jkfJsk bJh
e[M e[VhnK th yb'shnK fwˇdhnK jB.
““ wksk ih \ phphnK d/ bJh fJÙBkB - xo J/Xo W < e'Jh e[Vh ej/rh.””
““ pkpk ih gqÙkd bJh gouh T[ZE'A eNtkU,”” e'Jh j'o w[zvk dZ; fojk B˜o nkt/rk.
““ ekek eh rZb < feT[A o' fojk J/A <”” fe;/ o'Ad/ pZu/ ˘ nkgD/ wksk-fgsk Bkˇ'A tZy j'fJnk t/y
e/ e'Jh w[zvk T[; e'ˇ'A fgnko Bkˇ g[ZS/rk ns/ fco T[j˘ T[; szp{ ftZu b? ikt/rk fiZE'A r[nku/ pZfunK
pko/ bkT{v;gheo okjhA dZf;nk iKdk W.

fe;/ w[;k¯o ˘ ;ZN bZr ikt/ sK fJjBK wz[fvnK iK e[VhnK ftZuA' e'Jh fJZe T[; w[;k¯o ˘
w[Ybh vkeNoh ;jkfJsk tkˇ/ szp{ se b+ ikt/rk. fJzR fJj ;e{bK d/ pZu/ EK-EK ”s/ d{finK dh
;jkfJsk eoB bJh fsnko fwˇBr/. fe;/ G[Zb/ -GNe/ ˘ okj ftykT[Dk j't/, fe;/ dk e'Jh ;zpzXh
r[nku frnk j't/, feXo/ fBZeh-w'Nh d[oxNBk j' rJh j't/ iK fe;/ j'o ekoB w/fbnK tor/ fJeZmK
ftZu vkeNoh ;jkfJsk dh b'V g? ikJ/, fJj pZu/ b'VtzdK dh ;jkfJsk bJh fsnko fwˇBr/. ;/tk
eofdnK Bk fJj b'VtzdK d/ Xow dk ftuko eod/ jB, Bk iks dk ns/ Bk jh e'Jh j'o G/d-Gkt eod//

5
jB. fJjBK bJh ;ko/ wBZ[y G?D- Gok jB. ;kfonK dh ;jkfJsk eoBk fJjBK dk Xow W. b'VtzdK dh
;/tk eoBh fJj nkgDk ¯o˜ ;wMd/ jB.
fJj pZu/ d/; d/ tZy-tZy ;e{bK ns/ ekbiK ftZu gVQB tkˇ/ j[zd/ jB. nkgDh gVQkJh th eod/
jB s/ ftjb/ ;w/A ;kfonK dh ;jkfJsk th eod/ jB. rZbK eofdnK fJj pV/ fgnko Bkˇ p'bd/ jB.
fJj sK nkgD/ ezw d/ pdb/ ftZu ÙkpkÙ dh th nk; Bj] eod/. fJjBK pZfunK B/ nkgD/ d/; gqfs
nkgDk ¯o˜ g{ok eoB dk tuB fdZsk j[zdk W. fJj ;ko/ ;wki- ;/te jz[d/ jB. w[zfvnK ˘ ;ekT{N
fejk iKdk W ns/ e[VhnK ˘ rkJhv . S'Nh-S'Nh T[wo d/ nfij/ ;wki-;/th pZfunK ˘ eZp s/ p[bp[bK
fejk iKdk W. ;ekT{N, rkJhv ns/ fJ; ;z;Ek Bkˇ ;zpzX oZyD tkˇ/ j'o ;ko/ w[zv/ ns/ e[VhnK n;b
ftZu uzrk ihtD fiT{ADk jh f;Zy oj/ j[zd/ jB. fJ; eoe/ fJj jo EK ”s/ nkgD/ Bkˇ'A gfjbA' d{finK
dhnK b'VK g{ohnK eoB tZb fXnkB fdzd/ jB. ;ekT{NK ns/ rkJhvK B/ ;jz[ u[Zeh j[zdh W fe T[j jo o'˜
xZN s'A xZN fJZe uzrk ezw ˜o{o eoBr/. fJ; ;jz[ ˘ :kd oZyD bJh T[j nkgD/ rˇ ftZu pzB/Q j'J/
o[wkb ˘ fJZe rzY d/ b?Ad/ jB. T[j rzY T[d'A jh y'bQd/ jB id'A e'Jh uzrk ezw eo b?D . ;ekT{NK ns/
rkJhvK dhnK todhnK tZy- tZy soQK dhnK j[zdhnK jB go ezw fJZe' j[zdk W- d{finK dh ;/tk eoBk.
T[j fJ; bJh e'Jh ;/tk- cˇ th Bj] b?Ad/.
;ekT{N-bfjo ;G s'A gfjbK fJzrb?Av d/ fJZe ¯"ih n¯;o
;o p/fvB gkt/b B/ Ù[o{ ehsh ;h. T[jBK B/ 1908 JhL ftZu
;ekT{N bfjo pko/ fJZe g[;se fbyh.
fJ; sA' gfjbK ;qh gkt/b fJZeh w[zfvnK Bkˇ ;z;ko dk
gfjbk ;ekT{N-eA?g bk u[Ze/ ;B. fJj g[;se T[jBK d/ fBZih
siofpnK dk fBu'V ;h. fJ; g[;se ˘ gVQ e/ j˜koK w[zv/ fJ;
bfjo ftZu Gosh j'D bJh fsnko j' rJ/ . Gkos ftZu 1909 JhL
ftZu gfjbh tko e[M ftfdnkoEh ;ekT{N pD/.
;ekT{NK ˘ nkgDk ftjbk ;wK uzr/ Yzr Bkˇ fpskT[D
dh iku f;ykJh iKdh W. T[j nkgDh o[uh nB[;ko nkgDk ns/ j'oBK dk wB -gouktk th eod/ jB
ns/ ;wki dh ;/tk eod/ j'J/ uzr/ Ùfjoh pDBk f;Zyd/ jB.
;ekT{N-e?Ag ns/ o?bhnK ftZu wB-goukt/ s'A fpBK w[Ybh vkeNoh ;jkfJsk eoBh f;ykJh
iKdh W. w[;hps t/ˇ/ fe;/ dh wdd fet/A ehsh ikt/∏ ftÙ/Ù o{g ftZu nZr bZr ikD ;w/A, jVQK t/ˇ/ iK
G[ukˇK ;w/A . nfij/ ;w/A ;jkfJsk bJh ;ekT{N ;G s'A gfjbK gjz[ud/ jB. jo d[Zy, sebh¯ t/b/ fyV/
wZE/ fe; soQK fojk ikt/ nkfd rZbK f;Zy e/ pZu/ uzr/ Ùfjoh pDB:'r j' ;ed/ jB. fJjBK e?AgK ftZu
;ekT{N ns/ bhvo oks t/ˇ/ nZr d/ d[nkˇ/ p?m e/ nkgD/ -nkgD/ siop/ dZ;d/ jB sKi' fJjBK s'A j'o
6
;ekT{N th f;Zfynk gqkgs eo ;eD. u[NefbnK, ejkDhnK ns/ rhs-;zrhs dk d"o uZbdk W. fJzR
wB-gouktk th j' iKdk W ns/ pZu/ uzrhnK- uzrhnK rZbK th fJj ;fji- ;[Gkn jh wB ftZu t;k
b?Ad/ jB. fJ; soQK nkg; ftZu fJZe-d{i/ s'A f;ZyhnK j'JhnK uzrhnK nkdsK dh tos'A ;ekT{PN
;wki-;/tk bJh eod/ jB.
;e{bK ftZu ;ekT{N-wk;No ;ekT{NK ˘ iE/pzd eod/ jB. ;ko/ ;e{b d/ ;ekT{N f˜bQk- gZXo
T[Zs/ ns/ fco oki -gZXo T[Zs/ th fJZe-d{i/ Bkˇ ;ekT{N-;z;Ek okj] i[V/ j[zd/ jB. fJj ;z;Ek oki-
gZXo ”s/ jh ;wkgs Bj] j' iKdh ;r'A ;ko/ d/; ftZu c?bdh j'Jh ;w[Zu/ ;z;ko d/ ;ekT{NK ns/ rkJhvK ˘
fJZe iE/pzdh okj] fJZe-d{i/ d/ B/V/ b? nkT[Adh W. ;z;ko Go d/ ;ekT{N ;Zu-w[Zu jh ;wki-;/tk eoB
tkˇ/ tXhnk wBZ[y jB.

nfGnk;

1a mhe T[Zso nZr/ ;jh (X) dk fBÙkB bkU L

1a w/fbnK ftZu fej'-fijh todh tkˇ/ w[zv/ B˜o nkT[Ad/ jB <
(T) ıkeh (n) ;¯?d (J) Bhbh
2a ;ekT{N ns/ rkJhv eh f;Zy oj/ j[zd/ jB <
(T) B"eoh bJh f;ybkJh (n) uzrh ihtB-iku (J) g?;/ ewkT[D/.
3a ;ekT{N ns/ rkJhv ;/tk eoB pdb/ eh b?Ad/ jB <
(T) ;[rksK (n) Bedh (J) e'Jh ;/tk-cˇ Bj]
4a ;o p/fvB gkt/b B/ ;ekT{N-bfjo pko/ g[;se ed'A fbyh <
(T) 1910 (n) 1908 (J) 1918
5a ;e{bK ftZu ;ekT{NK ˘ e"D iE/pzd eodk W <
(T) vfoZb-wk;No (n) ;ekT{N-wk;No (J) bkfJpq/ohnB
2a S'N/ T[ZsoK tkˇ/ gqÙB L-
1a fe;/ w[;k¯o d/ ;ZN bZrD ”s/ ;ekT{N ns/ rkJhv eh eod/ jB <
2a ;ekT{N ns/ rkJhv dk eh Xow W <
3a ;ekT{NK ns/ rkJhvK B/ eh ;j[z uZ[eh j[zdh W <
4a ;ekT{NK ns/ rkJhvK dk w[Zy T[d/Ù eh j[zdk W <
5a Gkos ftZu gfjbh tko ed'A e[M ftfdnkoEh ;ekT{N pD/ <

7
3a ;zy/g T[ZsoK tkˇ/ gqÙB L-
1a fJZe ;ekT{N d/ eh-eh ¯o˜ jB <
2a ;ekT{N feBQK rZbK dk G/d-Gkt Bj] eod/ <
3a ;ekT{N-e?AgK ftZu ;ekT{NK ˘ fe; soQK ns/ fe; ezw dh f;ybkJh fdZsh iKdh W <
4a ;ekT{N-bfjo ;G s'A gfjbK feZE/ Ù[o{ j'Jh ns/ fe; B/ Ù[o{ ehsh <
4a j/m fby/ ÙpdK ˘ tkeK ftZu tos'L
;jkfJsk, d[oxNBk, ;[Gkn, G/d-Gkt, w/bk
5 ıkbh EKtK Go' L-
1a ;kfonK dh ;jkfJsk eoBk fJjBK dkaaaaaaaaaaaaaW.
2a b'VtzdK dh ;/tk eoBh fJj nkgDk aaaaaaaaaaaaaa;wMd/ jB.
3a w[zfvnK ˘ aaaaaaaaaaaafejk iKdk W ns/ e[VhnK ˘ aaaaaaaaaaa.
4a ;ekT{NK ns/ rkJhvK B/ ;j[z u[Zeh j[zdh W fe T[j jo o'˜ xZN'-xZN fJZeaaaaaaaaaaaezw
˜o{o eoBr/.
5a T[j fJ; ;/tk bJh e'Jh aaaaaaaaaaaaaaath Bj] b?Ad/.
6a j/m fby/ ÙpdK ˘ fjzdh ns/ nzro/˜h ftZu fby' L-
gzikph fjzdh nzro/ih
:ksoh aaaaaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaaaaa
f;Zfynk aaaaaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaaaaa
¯o˜ aaaaaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaaaaa
wB-gouktk aaaaaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaaaaa
;wki-;/tk aaaaaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaaaaa

7 j/m fby/ ÙpdK ˘ Ù[ZX eo e/ fby' L-

rtku/, fJSBkB, b'Vwzd, b?jo, w[;kco
GkÙk s/ ftnkeoB L
1 j/mK fby/ ÙpdK ˘ tkek ftZu tos' L
;jkfJsk, ;z;Ek, d[oxNBk, bfjo, fBu'V, ;fji-;[Gkn, iE/pzd.
fijV/ Ùpd ikshtkue BKt dhnK t;s{nK d/ ;wZ[u/ fJeZm bJh tos/ ikD, T[j
fJeZmtkue BKt nytkT[Ad/ jB, fit/A- Ù/qDh, ;zrs, gzukfJs nkfd.
ÔØ◊Â≈-«Ú√Â≈
nkgD/ ;e{b ftZu ezw eo ojh ;ekT{N iK rkJhv-;/tk pko/ fby'.
✻✻✻
8
 Í≈·
D ϵ⁄∂

gzShnK fij/ nDG'b B/ pZu/,

c[ZbK s'A th ;'jb B/ pZu/.
;Zu g[ZS' i/ nkgD/ fdb s'A,
jhfonK s'A nBw'b B/ pZu/.
oZp th fyV-fyV jZ;dk ikg/,
eod/ id'A eb'b B/ pZu/.
fBZe/ fij/ fJ; pugB ftZu'A,
b?Ad/ ı[ÙhnK N'ˇ B/ pZu/.
fdb ftZu e[M S[gk Bk oZyd/,
fdzd/ jo rZb y'bQ B/ pZu/.
ı[ÙhnK tzvd/, y/V/ tzvd/,
;G ˘ Go-Go M'ˇ B/ pZu/.
wkfgnK d/ fjod/ mo iKd/,
nk pfjzd/ id e'ˇ B/ pZu/.

nfGnk;

1a j/m fby/ gqÙBK d/ T[Zso fdUL-

Ta nDG'b pZu/ feBQK tor/ jB <
na pZu/ fe; s'A tZX nBw'b jB <
Ja pZu/ eh tzvd/ jB <
;a wkfgnK d/ fjod/ ed'A mod/ jB <

9
2a ıkbh EKtK Go' L-
jZ;dk, S[gkT[Ad/, ;'jb, ı[ÙhnK, fjod/
Ta pZu/ c[ZbK s'A tZXaaaaaaaaj[zd/ jB.
na pZu/ d/y e/ wkfgnK d/ aaaaaaaaaamo iKd/ jB.
Ja pugB ftZu pj[s aaaaaaaajB.
;a pZu/ fdb ftZu e[M th Bj]aaaaa.
ja pZfunK d/ eb'b d/y e/ oZp thaaaaaaaaaW.
3a tke pDkU L-
gzSh, c[Zb, pugB, y/V/, pZu/
4a ekft-;soK g{ohnK eo'
Ta ;Zu g[ZS' i/ nkgD/ fdb s'A,
aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa.
na ı[ÙhnK tzvd/, y/V/ tzvd/,
aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa.
5a fJe'-fij/ s[eKs tkˇ/ j'o Ùpd fby' L-
T[dkjoB L nDG'b, ;'jb, nBw'b
rZbaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
;Zuaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
oZpaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
6a ;jh ftebg u[D'
Ta “ı[Ùh” dk fto'Xh Ùpd WL
(e) jZ;Dk (y) ˆwh (x) y/Vk
na jZ;Dk dk ;wkBkoEe Ùpd W L
(e) ı[Ù j'Dk (y) fyVBk (x) rkT[Dk
Ja gVBKt Ùpd WL
(e) pZuk (y) c[Zb (r) T[j

ftfdnkoEhnK bJh
(e) nkgD/ S'N/ Gok-G?D iK fi;/ j'o pZu/ dhnK e'Jh gzi o'ue nkdsK fby'.
iK
(y) s[jkv/ e'ˇ fijVhnK y/vK jB, T[jBK dh ;{uh pDkU.
✻✻✻
10
 Í≈·
E «Í≥‚ Á≈ ÓØ‘

r[owhs f;zx fgSb/ d; ;kbK s'A Ùfjo ftZu ofj fojk ;h. B"eoh ekoB T[; ˘ nkgDk fg≥v
SZvDk fgnk ;h. Gkt/A T[j Ùfjo ftZu ofjD bZr fgnk ;h gozs{ T[j fgzv dk w'j Bj] ;h SZv ;fenk.
id'A th T[; ˘ ;wK fwˇdk sK T[j fgzv ˜o{o ik e/ nkT[Adk. T[; d/ pZu/ i'sh s/ w'fjs Ùfjo d/ wkvb
;e{b ftZu gVQd/ ;B. id'A th ed/ ;e{b'A d'-uko SZ[NhnK j[zdhnK sK r[owhs f;zx T[jBK ˘ fgzv ˘ b?
s[odk.
w'fjs u"Eh iwks ftZu gVQdk ;h s/ i'sh ni/ d{;oh iwks ftZu gVQdh ;h.
““gkgk ;k˘ eZbQ s/ go;'A dh S[ZNh W, nkgK fgzv uZbhJ/<”” w'fjs B/ fNT{ÙB tkˇk p?ˆ ;'¯/ ”s/
oZyfdnK fejk.
““nZSk\ ekjdh S[ZNh W, pJh \ eZbQ s/ go;A' dh<”” r[owhs f;zx B/ ebzvo tZb fBrkj wkofdnK
fejk.
““;kv/ ;e{b d/ pZu/ y/vK ftZu w?vb fiZs e/ fbnkJ/ jB. fJ;/ ı[Ùh ftZu fgqz;hgb w?vw B/ eZbQ
s/ go;'A dh S[ZNh dk n?bkB ehsk W,”” w'fjs B/ ı[Ùh ftZu u[NehnK tikT[AfdnK fejk.
““uZb' c/o, eo' fsnkoh, nkgK eZbQ ˘ fgzv uZbKr/, Bkˇ/ E'v/ dkdk ih dk ¯'B nkfJnk ;h fe
pZfunK ˘ fwˇk e/ b? ikfJU. pj[s fdB j' rJ/ B/, d/fynK ˘. r[owhs f;zx B/ dA'jK pZfunK ˘ fgnko
iskT[AfdnK fejk.
i'sh pj[s ı[Ù ;h. T[j nkgDh dkdh ih ˘ pj[s fgnko eodh ;h. fgzv ikD dk BK ;[DfdnK
jh T[j ı[Ùh ftZu yhth j' e/ d"Vdh j'Jh nkgD/ wksk ih e'ˇ ik e/ p'bh, ““wzwhaaaa\ wzwhaaa\ nkgK eZbQ ˘
fgzv iktKr/.””
““jKaaajKaaauZbKr/, p/Nk\”” i;tho B/ frZb/ eZgV/ sko ”s/ gkT[AfdnK fejk.
oks ˘ pZfunK B/ nkgD/ eZgV/ fsnko eo e/ oZy bJ/. ;t/o/ gfjbh pZ; cV e/ T[j fgzv gj[zu
rJ/. pZ; ni/ fgzv d/ B/V/ jh gj[zuh ;h fe i'sh p'b gJh, ““ub'-ub', nk frnk, fgzv. nj[ d/y', dkdk ih
yVQ/ B/.”” i'sh B/ pZ; dh skeh ftZu'A jh pZ; -;N?Av ”s/ T[jBK ˘ b?D nkJ/ dkdk ih ˘ gSkDfdnK fejk.
pZ; s'A T[µsofdnK jh T[j d"V e/ dkdk ih dh r'dh uVQ rJ/. fpÙB f;zx B/ dA'jK pZfunK ˘ oZi e/
fgnko ehsk. r[owhs f;zx ns/ i;tho dk f;o gˇ';fdnK ;[Zy-;Kd g[ZSh. i'sh ns/ w'fjs ˘

11
;kJheb d/ nZr/-fgZS/ fpmk e/ T[j xo tZb ˘ s[o gJ/. fBZehnK-fBZehnK rZbK eod/ fgzv ftZu gqt/Ù
eofdnK jh i'sh B/ ;kjwD/ SZgV tZb t/yfdnK fejk, ““dkdk ih \ nj[ ;kjwD/ eh W <”” fpÙB f;zx d/
itkp d/D s'A gfjbK jh w'fjs B/ i'sh dh rZb dk itkp fdzfdnK fejk, ““s?˘ J/Bk th Bj] gsk\ T[j
;kjwD/ “g"Av” W. fJjd/ ftZu wZShnK gkˇhnK iKdhnK jB,”” w'fjs B/ ;fji j[zfdnK fejk.
““nkj' GkJh, j't/rk E'v/ ÙfjohnK bJh fJj “g"Av”, ;kvk sK fJj N'Gk W. fJ; ftZu po;ks dk
gkDh iwQk j' iKdk W i' fe g;{nK d/ ghD ns/ T[jBK ˘ B[jkT[D d/ ezw nkT[Adk W. fpÙB f;zx B/ w'fjs
s/ i'sh ˘ N'G/ pko/ ;wMkT[AfdnK fejk.
rZbK eod/-eod/ T[j xo d/ B/V/ gjz[u rJ/. fpÙB f;zx ˘ t/yfdnK jh ;ZE ftZu skÙ y/vdk
ikro f;zx p'fbnk, ““jK pJh, fpÙB f;nK\ nk rJ/ pJh, ÙfjohJ/<”” fpÙB f;zx d/ p'bD s'A gfjbK jh
fgZS/ nkT[Ad/ r[owhs f;zx B/ skÙ y/vd/ p˜[orK ˘ ¯fsj p[bkT[AfdnK fejk, ““skfJnk ih, ;fs ;qh
nekb, ;kfonK ˘.””
““fiT{Adk ofj gZ[sok\ j'o, srVk n?A<”” ikro f;zx B/ ¯fsj dk itkp fdzfdnK fejk.
““pJh, r[owhs f;zx tor/ g[Zso sK xo -xo izwD. d; ;kb j' rJ/ B/, Ùfjo ftZu ofjzfdnK go wK
d/ g[Zs B/ fgzv dk w'j Bj] SZfvnk. id'A th ;wK fwˇdk W, fgzv ˜o{o nkT[Adk W ns/ ;ko/ fgzv d/
tZfvnK- p˜[orK ˘ fwˇ e/ iKdk W.”” r[oBkw f;zx B/ r[owhs dh skoh¯ ehsh.
;kJheb s'A T[ZsofdnK jh w'fjs s/ i'sh d"V e/ dkdh wK e'ˇ f;ZX/ o;'Jh ftZu jh ub/ rJ/.
““dkdh wKaaaaaaaa\ dkdh wK\””
““nk rJ/, w/o/ ;'jD/ g[Zs<”” eosko e"o B/ dA'jK pZfunK ˘ iZch ftZu b?AfdnK fejk. E'VQh d/o pknd
r[owhs f;zx ns/ i;tho th nzdo nk rJ/. T[jBK B/ wksk eosko e"o d/ g?oK ˘ jZE bkT[AfdnK fejk,
““p/p/ ih , wZEk N/ed/ jK.”” r[owhs ns/ i;tho e"o B/ eosko e"o d/ g?oK ˘ jZE bkT[AfdnK fejk.
““fiT{Ad/-tZ;d/ oj'! itkBhnK wkD'!”” pZfunK ˘ nÙhotkd d/ e/ p/p/ o;'Jh ftZu ukj pDkT[D
ubh rJh.
ukj-gkDh ghD s'A pknd r[owhs f;zx p'fbnk, ““pkg{ ih, fJ; tko i'sh ˘ nkgD/ y/s ns/ fgzv
dk r/Vk btk fdU. pVk ukn W fJ; ˘, fgzv t/yD dk.””
““uzrk, g[Zsok! j[D/ b? e/ iKdk jK. fJj sK pVh uzrh rZb W fe pZfunK dh fdbu;gh fgzv Bkˇ
pDh j'Jh W. Bj] sK ÙfjohJ/ fgzv ˘ jh G[Zb iKd/ B/,”” fpÙB f;zx B/ ;kJheb ”s/ eZgVk wkofdnK fejk.

12
 ““uZb pJh, i'sh\ p?m GkJh, ;kJheb ”s/, uZbhJ/ nkgK y/sK ˘,”” fpÙB f;zx B/ i'sh ˘ ;kJheb
”s/ fpmkT[AfdnK fejk.

““dkdk ih ! w?A th iktKrk, s[jkv/ Bkˇ.”” w'fjs th Skˇ wko e/ ;kJheb ”s/ p?m frnk.
““jKaaaajKaaaa uZb pJh, s{z th.”” fpÙB f;zx dA'jK pZfunK ˘ ;kJheb ”s/ fpmk e/ y/sK tZb uZb
fgnk.
i'sh s/ w'fjs fBZehnK-fBZehnK uh˜K pko/ g[ZSd/ oj/. ed/ ghˇ/ ;oQ'A fdnK c[ZbK pko/, ed/
fssbhnK pko/. fpÙB f;zx pV/ moQzw/ Bkˇ T[BQK dhnK rZbK dk itkp fdzdk.
y/sK tZb r/Vk wkoB s'A pknd fpÙB f;zx dA'jK pZfunK ˘ b? e/ fgzv tZb b? s[fonk. T[j ed/
T[jBK ˘ fgzv d/ r[od[nko/, ed/ XowÙkbk, ed/ y{j ns/ ed/ fgzv d/ tZv/ p˜[orK pko/ dZ;dk. fgzv
dhnK ukuhnK-skJhnK pZfunK ˘ n;h;K fdzdhnK.
x[zw-x[wk e/ id'A T[j xo gos/ sK eosko e"o B/ T[jBK bJh wZeh dhnK o'NhnK ns/ ;o'QA dk ;kr
pDk e/ oZfynk j'fJnk ;h. ;kfonK B/ oˇ e/ o'Nh ykXh. okshA ;"AD s'A gfjbK w'fjs s/ i'sh dkdh wK d/
d[nkˇ/ j' rJ/ ns/ fezBh d/o sZe T[; e'ˇ'A pksK ;[Dd/-;[Dd/ ;"A rJ/.
nrbh ;t/o r[owhs f;zx B/ w'fjs s/ i'sh ˘ ibdh T[mk fdZsk feT[Afe T[jBK B/ B"A ti/ s'A
gfjbK w[jkˇh gj[zuDk ;h.
eosko e"o B/ pZfunK ˘ oZi e/ fgnko ehsk ns/ n;h;K fdzfdnK fejk, ““i[Zr-iZ[r ihU, g[Zso'\
itkBhnK wkD', soZehnK eo'. wko ikfJnk eo' r/Vk, id'A th N?w bZr/, ;KM pDh ofjzdh W, fgzv Bkˇ.
Bkˇ/ pZfunK dk th w'j pfDnk ofjzdk W, fgzv Bkˇ.”” fpÙB f;zx T[jBK ˘ pZ;-nZv/ sºe SZvD
13
nkfJnk. pZfunK B/ pZ; ftZu p?mfdnK dkdk ih ˘ pkJ/-pkJ/ ehsh. j[D T[j Ùfjo tZb ˘ ik oj/ ;B
go T[jBK ˘ fJzR ikg fojk ;h, fit/A fgzv T[jBK d/ Bkˇ-Bkˇ s[odk nk fojk j't/.

nfGnk;

1a mhe T[Zso nZr/ ;jh (X) dk fBÙkB bkU L-

1a r[owhs f;zx B/ fejVk w'j Bj] ;h SZfvnk <
(T) g?;/ dk w'j (n) Ùfjo dk w'j (J) fgzv dk w'j
2a i'sh feT[A ı[Ù ;h <
(T) fgzv ikD eoe/ (n) Bt/A eZgV/ b?D eoe/ (J) ;kJheb ıohdD eoe/
3a ““pJh, r[owhs f;zx tor/ gZ[so sK xo-xo izwD”” fJj Ùpd fe; B/ ej/ <
(T) ikro f;zx (n) r[oBkw f;zx (J) fpÙB f;zx
4a eosko e"o B/ ykD bJh eh pDkfJnk j'fJnk ;h<
(T) wZeh dh o'Nh ns/ ;o'QA dk ;kr (n) yho (J) ;/t]nK
5a ;"AD s'A gfjbK pZfunK B/ eh ehsk<
(T) Nhathad/fynk (n) pksK ;[DhnK (J) ezfgT{No-y/vK y/vhnK
2a S'N/ T[ZsoK tkˇ/ gqÙBL-
Ta r[owhs f;zx ˘ fgzv feT[A SZvDk fgnk ;h<
na ;e{b ftZu S[ZNhnK feT[A j'JhnK ;B<
Ja ikro f;zx B/ ¯fsj dk itkp fdzfdnK r[owhs f;zx ˘ eh fejk<
;a nrbh ;t/o r[owhs f;zx B/ pZfunK ˘ ibdh feT[A T[mkfJnk<
ja fpÙB f;zx r[owhs f;zx ns/ T[; d/ gfotko ˘ feZE/ SZvD frnk<
3a ;zy/g T[ZsoK tkˇ/ gqÙBL-
Ta fpÙB f;zx B/ fgzv d/ N'G/ pko/ pZfunK ˘ eh dZf;nk<
na r[oBkw f;zx B/ r[owhs f;zx dh skoh¯ fet/A ehsh<
Ja y/sK ftZu r/Vk wkoB s'A pknd fpÙB f;zx B/ pZfunK ˘ eh fdykfJnk<
;a eosko e"o B/ pZfunK ˘ n;h;K fdzfdnK eh fejk<
ja tkg; Ùfjo gosfdnK pZfunK ˘ eh wfj;{; j'fJnk<
4a tkeK ftZu tos'L-
n?bkB, skeh, ;[Zy-;Kd, w'j, ;KM

14
5a ıkbh EKtK Go'L
Ta w'fjsaaaaaaaaaaiwks ftZu gVQdk ;h ns/ i'sh aaaaaaaaaiwks ftZu gVQdh ;h.
na ;t/o/ gfjbh pZ; cV e/ T[jaaaaaaaaaaagjz[u rJ/.
Ja ;kJheb s'A T[ZsofdnK jh w'fjs s/ i'sh d"V e/ aaaaaaaaaaaaae'ˇ f;ZX/ o;'Jh ftZu
ub/ rJ/.
;a wko ikfJnk eo' r/Vk, id'A N?w bZr/, aaaaaaaaaaaaaaapDh ofjzdh W, fgzv Bkb.
ja fpÙB f;zx T[jBK ˘aaaaaaaaaaaaaasºe SZvD nkfJnk.
6a j/m fby/ ÙpdK ˘ fjzdh ns/ nzro/˜h ftZu fby'L-
g≥ikph fjzdh nzro/˜h
fgzv aaaaaaaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
S[ZNh aaaaaaaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
wZSh aaaaaaaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
oks aaaaaaaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
ukj aaaaaaaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
7a j/m fby/ ÙpdK ˘ Ù[ZX eo e/ fby'L-
Ù?jo, N'pk, ¯s/j, soh¯, i[nkp

ouBksfwe ekoi

pZfuU\ nkgD/ nfXnkge ih dh wdd Bkˇ fgzv d/ ihtB pko/ nkgDh ekgh ftZu fbyD.

✻✻✻

15
 Í≈·
F
‡ÀÒ∆ÎØÈ
N?bhc{B dh ejkDh th nihp W. d{o p?m e/ fJZe-d{i/ Bkˇ rZb eo ;eDh, wB[Zy dh pVh
g[okDh ıkjÙ ;h. n;] eJh tko t/fynk W fe d' pZu/ shbhnK dhnK ıkbh vZphnK b? e/ T[jBK ˘ g/ue
d/ bzw/ Xkr/ Bkˇ i'V b?Ad/ jB s/ fco T[j d' f;fonK ”s/ p?m e/ fJ; okj] rZbK eod/ jB.
N?bhc{B d≈ iBw-dksk rqkjw p?Zb s/ T[; dk Gok th nfijhnK y/vK y/fvnk eod/ ;B. T[jBK
B/ fJjBK y/vK ftZu jh fJZe nfijk y'gohB[wk vZpk fijk pDk fbnk fi; dk BK T[jBK B/ p'bD tkˇk
f;o oZfynk. idA' rqkjw dk Gok “w?bftb” T[; p'bD tkˇ/ f;o d/ ipkV/ ˘ fjbk e/, ;kj b?D tkˇh
Bkˇh ftZu c{eK wkodk ;h sK T[; y'goh ftZu'A Ùpd fBebdk ;h fi; ˘ ;[D e/ ;ko/ pZu/ jZ;d/ ;B.
fJ; soQK T[jBK B/ nkgD/ f;ykJ/ j'J/ fÙekoh e[Zs/ Bkˇ th eJh siop/ ehs/. T[j e[Zs/ d/ w{zj ˘
e[M fJ; soQK dpkT[Ad/ ;B fe T[; d/ w{zj ftZuA' fBeˇh ntk˜ wB[Zyh p'bK tKr bZrdh ;h.
rqkjw p?Zb ftZu ekYK eZYD dh ;[Gkfte o[uh ;h. gfjbK T[; ˘ fJZe nfijh wÙhB pDkT[D
dk ftuko c[fonk fi; Bkˇ p'bDk f;ykT[D ftZu ;"y j't/. fJ; dh y'i eofdnK T[; B/ fJZe nfijk
:zso pDkfJnk, fi; Bkˇ eJh “sko-;[B/j/” fJeZm/ G/i/ ik ;ed/ ;B. fJ; soQK T[; B/ fJ; B{z
“jkow'fBe N?bhrqkc” dk BK fdZsk .
rqkjw s'A 25 ;kb gfjbK, w'fo; B/ “sko-gqBkˇh” ukb{ ehsh ;h. nB/e ekYeko p'bD tkˇ/
:zso dh ekY ftZu bZr/ j'J/ ;B. rqkjw ˘ fJj' fuzsk ;h fe fJ; soQK dk :zso e'Jh j'o T[; s'A gfjbK Bk
pDk bt/.
rqkjw p?Zb B/ nkgD/ fJZe we?fBe
d';s “Ekw; J/ tkN;B” Bkˇ oˇ e/ gfjbk
N?bhc{B-:zso pDk fbnk. T[jBK B/ i'
gfjbk :zso pDkfJnk, T[; ftZu sko okj]
fpibh G/i e/ ntk˜ dhnK X[BhnK g?dk
ehshnK iKdhnK ;B s/ NÃK;whNo bJh fJZe'
“vkfJnkckqw” ;h. fszB wkou, 1876 ˘ fJ;
dh gfjbh gqdoÙBh ehsh rJh. rqkjw p?Zb B/
nkgD/ ;"AD tkˇ/ ewo/ ftZu'A “tkN;B” ˘ fJj
;[B/jk :zso okj] G/fink, ““tkN;B \ S/sh
nkU, fJZE/ s[jkvh b'V W.””
fJj xNBk nZi nwoheh b'eK ftZu dzd-eEk pD rJh W. fJ; :zso dh d{ih gqdoÙBh rqkjw
p?Zb B/ “fcbkv?bchnk Ùskpdh” d/ fJZe ;wko'j ftZu 1876 Jh;th ftZu jh eo fdZsh ;h. fJ; fgZS'A
1876 Jh;th ftZu “p?Zb N?bhc{B-gqBkˇh” dh pkekfJdk ;EkgBk eo fdZsh rJh. rqkjw p?Zb B/
16
nwohek dh fJ; N?bhc{B-gqBkˇh dk BK nkgD/ BK ”s/ oZfynk s/ “p?Zb” (xzNh) fJ; dk fuzBQ pD frnk.
N?bhc{B dh j[D dh Ùeb pDkT[D ftZu eJh ftfrnkBeK B/ ezw ehsk. p?Zb B/ fJ; :zso ˘
w[ezwb eoB fgZS'A :sB Bj] ehs/ s/ T[j j'o ekYK tZb bZr frnk. T[j pugB ftZu uzub ;[Gkn
dk ;h s/ eJh Bt]nK-Bt]nK y'iK tZb M[fenk. N?bhc{B dh fJ; ekY pdb/ th T[; ˘ ek¯h fJBkw
fwˇ/. T[; ˘ ¯qK;h;h ;oeko tZb'A gzikj ¯oKe dk “t'bNk” fJBkw fwfˇnk.
nZi N?bhc{B okj] ;kok ;z;ko fJZe-d{i/ Bkˇ i[fVnk j'fJnk W. Xosh T[Zgo s/ gkDh j/mK
ftShnK skoK s/ e/pbK okj] n;] d{o p?m/ fwZsoK Bkˇ ;zgoe
ekfJw eo e/ rZbK eo ;ed/ jK. fJj eokwks rqkjw p?Zb tor/
y'ihnK dh jh W. nZi N?bhc{B u[zpe okj] ezw eodk W s/ fJ;
eokwsh ekY B/ ;w/A s/ ;EkB dh ftZE xNk fdZsh W.
rqkjw p?Zb 1898 s'A 1903 sºe B?ÙBb fiT[rokch ;[;kfJNh
dk gqXkB pfDnk fojk. fJ; soQK T[j eJh e"wKsoh ftfrnkfBe
;GktK dk gqshfBX th fojk. T[; dk xo ;z;ko d/ ftfrnkBhnK
dk ftÙokw-xo pfDnk fojk. ;z;ko Go d/ ;kfJz;dkB, y'ih T[;
˘ fwˇB nkT[Ad/ s/ ftuko-tNKdok eod/ ;B. nkgDh T[wo d/
nkıoh fdBK sºe T[j Bt]nK y'iK ftZu bZfrnk fojk. T[j
ne;o ;e{bK-ekbiK ftZu GkÙD d/D iKdk . T[; B/ eJh-tko
ftfdnkoEhnK d/ ib;/ ftZu GkÙD d/AfdnK fejk ;h, ““w?A fJj
Bj] efj ;edk fe ;G wZShnK ˜o{o p'bDk ikDdhnK jB. i/ w/o/ e'ˇ ;[DB bJh e'Jh rZb Bj] sK
T[jBK e'ˇ ezB feT[A jB< go fJ; dk w?˘ g{ok ftÙtkÙ W fe ;w[zdo dhnK bfjoK d/ j/mK, ntk˜ dk
;z;ko b[fenk fgnk W, fi; ˘ n;K y'iDk W, ÙkfJd s[jkv/ ftZu'A e'Jh y'i bt/.”” e'Jh th nkdwh
Gkt/A fezBk jh gfVQnk-fbfynk j't/ T[j ftukoK dh w"fbesk pkM'A e'Jh y'i Bj] eo ;edk. nZi i'
e[M th T[; B/ bZfGnk W s/ fi; Bkˇ wB[Zy-iksh ˘ bkG gj[zfunk W, ;kok e[M fJjBK w"fbe ftukoK
tkˇ/ T[Zdwh pzfdnK d/ ;de/ jh W.
nfGnk;
1a j/mK fdZs/ gqÙBK d/ T[Zso fby'L-
(T) N?bhc{B dh ekY fe; B/ eZYh<
(n) rqkjw p?Zb d/ Gok dk BK eh ;h<
(J) sko-gqBkˇh fe; B/ Ù[o{ ehsh ;h<
(;) p?Zb N?bhc{B-gqBkˇh dh ;EkgBk ed'A j'Jh<

17
2a ;jh Ùpd u[D e/ ıkbh EKtK Go'L-
gqdoÙBh, ftfrnkBhnK, y'gohB[wk, rqkjw p?Zb, ;z;ko
(T) T[jBK B/ y/vK-y/vK ftZu jh fJZe nfijkaaaaaaaavZpk fijk pDk fbnk.
(n) aaaaaaaaaaaaftZu ekYK eZYD dh ;[Gkfte o[uh ;h.
(J) 3 wkou, 1876 ˘ fJ; dh gfjbh aaaaaaaaaaaaaehsh rJh.
(;) nZi N?bh¯ØB okj] ;kok aaaaaaaaaaafJZe-d{i/ Bkˇ i[fVnk j'fJnk W.
(j) T[; dk xo ;z;ko d/ aaaaaaaaaaadk ftÙokw-xo pfDnk fojk.
3a tkeK ftZu tos'L
w"fbe, T[Zdwh, ;[Gkfte, gqdoÙBh, dzd-eEk, ;zgoe, N?bhc{B
4a j/m fby/ ÙpdK ˘ fjzdh ns/ nzro/˜h ftZu fby'.
g≥ikph fjzdh nzro/˜h
Gok aaaaaaaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
ftfrnkBe aaaaaaaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
ftÙtk; aaaaaaaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
ftfdnkoEh aaaaaaaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
gq:'r aaaaaaaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
5a ;jh ftebg u[D' (ftnkeoB) L
Ta j/m fby/ ÙpdK ftZu fejVk Ùpd gVBKt W.
(e) rqkjw p?Zb (y) T[j (r) tkN;B (x) w?bftb
na Ù[ZX Ùpd fejVk W<
(e) fsbhnK (y) sbhnK (r) shbhnK (x) sfbnK
Ja fefonk-Ùpd u[D' L
(e) s[jkvk (y) dzd-eEk (r) y/fvnk (x) gqdoÙBh
;a BKt- Ùpd fejVk W<
(e) b[fenk (y) T[j (r) ;EkgBk (x) rqkjw p?Zb
ouBksfwe ekoiL
(T) N?bhc{B tKr j'o fejV/ :zso ni'e/ ;w/A rZb-pks bJh tos/ iKd/ jB<
(n) N?bhc{B s'A gfjbK b'eK d/ ;zuko d/ ;kXB eh ;B<

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18
 Í≈·
G
◊π» «ÚÁ≈√ ‹∆

;qh r[o{ oftdk; ih Gkos d/ wjkB ;zsK ftZu'A j'J/ jB. nkg ih dk ihtB pVk r"otwJh
s/ ftbZyD ;h.
r[o{ oftdk; ih B/ nkgDh pkDh ftZu wkBtsk dk ;zd/Ù fdZsk. fJ;/ ekoB nkg ;wº[u/ Gkos
ftZu fJºe pkDheko ns/ ;wki-;[Xkoe ti'A ;fseko/ iKd/ jB.
;qh r[o{ oftdk; ih d/ iBw pko/ eJh wºs gqufbs jB. T[BQK dk iBw T[Zso gqd/Ù d/ pBko;
Ùfjo ftZu r'toXBg[o fty/ 1398 Jha d/ B/V/-s/V/ wkx wjhB/ dh g{oBwk;h tkˇ/ fdB j'fJnk
wzfBnk iKdk j?. T[jBK d/ wksk ih dk BK eb;k d/th ns/ fgsk dk Bk ;zs'y dk; (ox{) ;h.
r[o{ oftdk; ih d/ ;w/A Gkosh ;wki iks-gks d/ G/dK ns/ gyzvK d/ jB/o/ ftZu v[Zfpnk j'fJnk ;h.
nkg B/ nkgDh pkDh okj] b'eK ˘ tfjwK-GowK ftZu'A pkjo eZYD d/ b/y/ bkfJnk. r[o{ oftdk; ih B/
;Zu p'bD, B/eh eoB, d{finK dh ;jkfJsk eoB, gqG{-f;woB ns/ jZE] ezw eoB dh f;Zfynk fdZsh.
r[o{ oftdk; ih B/ T[gd/Ù fdZsk fe wkfJnk, w'j, jzeko ns/ Jhoyk tor/ ftekoK B/ pzd/ d/
nksfwe r[DK ˘ gbhs ehsk j'fJnk W. eJh pzd/ T[Zuh e[b Bkˇ ;zpzfXs j'D dk jzeko eod/ jB. eJh
ftdtkB ns/ dkBh j'D dk nfGwkB eod/ jB. nkg B/ fJjBK ftukoK dk yzvB ehsk. nkg B/ nkgDh
pkDh okj] ;[B/jk fdZsk fe gowkswk dhnK B˜oK ftZu ;G pokpo jB. e'Jh T[Zuh-Bht] iks dk Bj].
nkg nkgD/ -nkg ˘ “gqG{-fgnkok” efj e/ G/yhnK ˘ u[Zg eotk fdzd/ ;B. nkg B/ fejkL

19
 ““efj oftdk; i' ig? Bkw[
fs;[ ikfs B iBw[ Bk i'fB ekw[””
r[o{ oftdk; ih B/ ;cb gfotkoe ihtB pshs ehsk. nkg rqfj;E ftZu ofj e/ xo/b{ s/
eko'pkoh ekoi eod/ oj/. nkg GiB -pzdrh ftZu bhB ofjzd/ ;B. feZs/ tZb'A nkg ih i[ZshnK rzYD,
uwVk ozrD s/ t/uD dk ezw eod/ ;B go nkg ih dk n;bh ihtB-wB'oE gqG{-Grsh ftZu bhB
ofjDk ;h. nkg ih dh Grsh-GktBk Ù[ZX g/qw ”s/ nkXkfos ;h. T[; ;w/A d/ Xkofwe nkr{nK B/ ;wki
ftZu tzvhnK gkJhnK j'JhnK ;B go r[o{ oftdk; ih e[dos s/ ;G ihn-izs ˘ gowkswk dk g?dk
ehsk wzBd/ ;B. fJjBK ftukoK bJh nkg ˘ seVk fto'X ;fjDk fgnk s/ nkg Bz{ T[; ;w/A d/ Xkofwe
nkr{nK dk w[ekpbk eoBk fgnk. T[jBK dhnK dbhbK nZr/ G[b/yk gkT[D tkˇ/ gyzvhnK dh e'Jh g/Ù
Bj] ;h iKdh. nkg ;wki ftZu c?b/ eow -eKvK s'A fBob/g ofjzd/ s/ gqG{- uoBK ftZu fposh bkJh
oZyd/.
r[o{ oftdk; ih dh gftZso pkDh dh T[Zusk ˘ ;fseko d/Ad/ j'J/ ;qh r[o{ noiB d/t ih B/ nkg
dh pkDh ˘ ;qh r[o{ rzqE ;kfjp ftZu ftÙ/Ù ;EkB fdZsk. nkg d/ 40 gd/ doi eo e/ “wkB; eh ikfs ;G?
J/e? gjukBp'” d/ eEB ˘ g{ok ehsk ns/ nkg ih dh Bkw-Grsh dh wfjwk th ehsh.
r[o{ oftdk; ih B/ wod ns/ n"os d/ G/d-Gkt ˘ SZv e/ ;GBK ˘ ;KMk T[gd/Ù fdZsk. okDh
MK;h, whoK pkJh, okik ghgk ns/ eJh j'o T[Zu e[b d/ b'eK B/ nkg ih gk;'A dhfynk bJh.
gqG{-Grsh ns/ feos eoB dh wjZssk d/ r[DK ekoB nkg ih ˘ nkgD/ ;w//A d/ tZv/ ;wki-
;[Xkoe wzfBnk iKdk W. fÙo'wDh ;zs ns/ :[Zr-g[oÙ ;qh r[o{ oftdk; ih pko/ fJj wzfBnk iKdk j? fe
nkg 1540 JhH ftZu gob'e f;Xko rJ/. r[o{ oftdk; ih d/ ÙoXkb{nK B/ T[jBK d/ ;fseko bJh nB/eK
r[odtko/ ns/ wzdo pDkJ/ jB fiZE/ ÙoXkb{ nkg ih d/ ihtB ns/ pkDh dk gquko eod/ jB. nkg ih
dk iBw-fdt; jo ;kb pV/ T[sÙkj ns/ X{w-Xkw Bkˇ wBkfJnk iKdk W, Bro-ehosB ns/
MkehnK eZYhnK iKdhnK jB. nkg dh pkDh d/ ehosB ehs/ iKd/ jB. fJ; w"e/ r[o{ oftdk; ih dhnK
wjkB f;ZfynktK ˘ :kd ehsk iKdk W. ;k˘ T[jBK dh pkDh s'A gq/oBk b?Dh ukjhdh W.

nfGnk;
1a j/m fby/ gqÙBK d/ T[Zso fdU L-
(T) “r[o{ oftdk; ih” dk iBw ed'A ns/ feZE/ j'fJnk <
(n) g[oksB ;wki fe; jB/o/ ftZu v[Zfpnk j'fJnk ;h <
(J) r[o{ oftdk; ih B/ eh f;Zfynk fdZsh <
(;) ;qh r[o{ rzqE ;kfjp ftZu r[o{ oftdk; ih d/ fezB/ gd/ doi jB<

20
2a ;jh Ùpd u[D e/ ıkbh EKtK Go'L-
eowk d/th, wjkB, gqG{-fgnkok, pkDh, pokpo
(T) r[o{ oftdk; ih Gkos d/ aaaaaaaaaaa;zsK ftZu'A j'J/ jB.
(n) ;k˘ T[jBK dh aaaaaaaaas'A gq/oBk b?Dh ukjhdh W.
(J) r[o{ oftdk; ih dh wksk dk BKaaaaaaaaaaa;h.
(;) gowkswk dhnK B˜oK ftZu ;G aaaaaaaaaaaajB.
(j) nkg nkgD/-nkg ˘ aaaaaaefj e/ G/yhnK ˘ u[Zg eotk fdzd/ ;B.
3a ;zy/g T[ZsoK tkˇ/ gqÙBL
(T) r[o{ oftdk; ih gk;'A fejV/-fejV/ b'eK B/ dhfynk bJh <
(n) r[o{ oftdk; ih B/ eh T[gd/Ù fdZsk<
4a ;jh ftebg u[D'L
(T) eJh pzd/ T[Zuh e[b j'D dk eh eod/ ;B <
(e) ;fseko (y) jzeko (r) nfXeko
(n) r[o{ oftdk; ih bhB ofjzd/ ;B L
(e) GiB- pzdrh ftZu (y) xo/b{ ezwK ftZu (r) pzXBK ftZu
(J) gowkswk dhnK B˜oK ftZu ;G jBLL
(e) nwho-ˆohp (y) tZv/-S'N/ (r) pokpo
5a tke pDkUL-
wkBtsk, G/yh, pkDh, fBob/g, gowkswk, ;wki-;[Xkoe

ouBksfwe ekoiL
nkgD/ fJbke/ ftZu r[o{ oftdk; ih d/ iBw ”s/ j'D tkˇ/ ;wkrw pko/ 10 ;soK
fby'.

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21
 Í≈·
«⁄Û∆ Á≈ Ï؇ H

fJj T[d'A dh rZb W id'A w?A d{;oh iwks ftZu gVQdk ;h. ;kvh iwks d/ ewo/ ftZu e[M e[
g[okDhnK s;thoK ¯q/w eo e/ NzrhnK j'JhnK ;B. T[jBK c'N'nK d/ fgSb/ gk;/ ne;o fuVhnK nkgD/
nkbQD/ pDkT[AdhnK ofjzdhnK. ed/ th fe;/ B/ fuVhnK ˘ T[ZE/ nkbQD/ gkT[D s'A o'fenk Bj] ;h.
fJZe fdB nZXh S[ZNh t/ˇ/ gqekÙ, wDhnk s/ w?A fwˇ e/ ykDk yk oj/ ;K fe nukBe fuVhnK dh
u]-u] d/ Ù'o B/ ;kvk fXnkB nkgD/ tZb fyZu fbnk. n;] d/fynk fe nkbQD/ ftZu'A fJZe p'N fvr
ikD ekoB fuVhnK Ù'o wuk ojhnK ;B. ;k˘ ;kfonK ˘ ykDk G[Zb frnk ns/ n;] p'N ˘ nkbQD/
ftZu oZyD dh soehp ;'uD bZr/. ;', fJ; ezw bJh wk;No ih dk w/˜ tosD dk ¯?;bk j'fJnk.
w/˜ pj[s Gkok ;h. n;] pVh w[Ùeb Bkˇ w/˜ u[Zfenk ns/ nkbQD/ tkˇh s;tho d/ j/mK
fbnk oZfynk. w/˜ ”s/ uVQ e/ th ;kv/ ftu'A fe;/ dk jZE nkbQD/ sºe Bj] ;h gj[zudk. fco n;] fJZe
Bt] soehp pDkJh.
gqekÙ ;kv/ ;GBK ftZu'A seVk ;h. T[j x'Vh pfDnk, wDhnk T[; d/ T[Zgo p?mk s/ p'N ˘ jZE
ftZu b? e/ w?A wDhJ/ d/ w'fYnK ”s/ ufVQnk. fJ; soQK p'N ˘ T[; d/ nkbQD/ ftZu gj[zukfJnk.
fiT[A jh w?A p'N ˘ u[Zfenk, fuVhnK B/ pj[s Ù'o wukfJnk. T[j pVh s/˜h Bkˇ fJZXo-T[ZXo
T[ZvhnK. id'A p'N nkbQD/ ftZu gj[zu frnk s/ n;] j/mK T[Zso nkJ/ sK T[jBK dh ikB ftZu ikB
nkJh. j[D n;] nkgDh o'Nh tZb GZi/. fizBk fuo n;] o'Nh yKd/ oj/, UBk fuo fuVhnK u[Zg-ukg
dotk˜/ ”s/ p?mhnK ;kv/ tZb fJzR t/ydhnK ojhnK, fit/A ;kvk XzBtkd eo ojhnK j'D. ;k˘ ;G ˘
pj[s ı[Ùh j'Jh fe n;] e'Jh uzrk ezw ehsk W.
w/˜ tkg; nkgDh EK ”s/ oZyd/ j'J/ ;kv/ e'ˇ'A wk;No ih d/ w/˜ ”s/ gJh f;nkjh dh dtks fvr
e/ N[ZN rJh. pZ;, fco eh ;h, ;kv/ ;kj ;[Ze rJ/. ;kvh ;koh ı[Ùh ısw j' rJh s/ bZr/ n;] fJZe- d{i/
˘ d'Ù d/D.
nZXh S[ZNh ısw j'Jh. wk;No ih d/ nkT[AfdnK jh wBhNo B/ ;kvh fÙekfJs bk fdZsh fe nZXh
S[ZNh t/ˇ/ fJjBK fszBK d/ ewo/ ftZu ofjD dh tkoh ;h s/ fJjBK B/ s[jkvh dtks s'V fdZsh W.
;k˘ d{o'A jh yVQ/ j'D bJh efjzd/ j'J/ wk;No ih ;kv/ e'ˇ nkJ/ s/ fpBK e[M g[ZfSnK jh d'-d'
EZgV fNek fdZs/ s/ fco g[ZfSnk fe dtks fet/A N[ZNh<

22
 fjzws eo e/ v[;ed/-v[;ed/ w?A dZf;nk fe fuVh d/ p'N ˘ nkbQD/ ftZu oZyD bJh n;] w/˜
u[Zfenk ;h.
fco eh ;h, w/oh rZb ;[D e/ wk;No ih B/ d' EZgV wBhNo ˘ iV fdZs/ ns/ Bkˇ jh w[oˆk pDB
bJh fejk. wk;No ih ˘ ˆ[Z;k ;h fe wBhNo B/ T[jBK ˘ g{oh rZb feT[A Bj] dZ;h. wk;No ih B/ ;k˘
ÙkpkÙ fdZsh, fgnko th ehsk s/ “;"oh” th fejk. go ÙkfJd T[d'A ;k˘ “;"oh” b¯˜ dk wsbp Bj] ;h
gsk.
nfGnk;
1a j/mK fdZs/ gqÙBK d/ T[Zso fdUL
(T) nZXh S[ZNh t/ˇ/ ykDk e"D yk oj/ ;B<
(n) wk;No ih dh fejVh uh˜ N[ZN rJh ;h<
(J) pZfunK B/ p'N ˘ eh ehsk<
(;) wk;No ih ˘ ˆ[Z;k feT[A nkfJnk<
2a ;jh ftebg u[D' L
(T) ewo/ ftZu eh Nzfrnk j'fJnk ;h<
(e) vZp/ (y) c'N'nK (r) ebzvo
(n) wk;No ih ˘ g{oh rZb fe; B/ Bj] dZ;h<
(e) gqekÙ (y) wDhnk (r) wBhNo
(J) pZfunK B/ nkbQD/ ftZu eh oZfynk<
(e) o'Nh (y) p'N (r) gkDh
3a ;jh Ùpd u[D e/ ıkbh EKtK Go' L
;"oh, p'N, ÙkpkÙ, uzrk, ezw, fuVhnK
(T) ;G ˘ ı[Ùh j'Jh fe n;]aaaaaaaaaaaaaehsk W.
(n) aaaaaaaaaaaadh u],u] d/ Ù'o B/ ;kvk fXnkB fyZu fbnk.
(J) n;]aaaaaaaaaa˘ nkbQD/ ftZu oZyD dh soehp ;'uD bZr/.
(;) wk;No ih B/ ;k˘aaaaaaaaaafdZsh.
(j) T[d'A ;k˘aaaaaaaaaab¯˜ dk wsbp Bj] ;h gsk.
4a tke pDkUL
fjzws, ı[Ùh, p'N, nkbQD/, fuVhnK, dtks

23
5a ftnkeoBL
j/mK fdZs/ ÙpdK d/ fbzr pdb'
fuVh, pZuk, x'Vh, w[oˆk
6a fto'Xh Ùpd fby'L
T[Zgo, Gkoh, seVk, p?mk, T[ZsoBk

ouBksfwe ekoiL

(T) nkgD/ nkˇ/-d[nkˇ/ ofjzd/ 10 gzShnK d/ BK fby'.

(n) nkgD/ ihtB dh gzShnK pko/ e'Jh :kd ;kEhnK ˘ ;[DkU.

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24
 Í≈· Ô≈Â≈ : √Ã∆ ¡ÓÈ≈Ê
I

rowhnK dhnK S[ZNhnK Ù[o{ j'D s'A gfjbK ;kEhnK ftZu fJj uouk Ù[o{ j' rJh fe n?sehA
S[ZNhnK fet/A fpskJhnK ikD. ;kEhnK B/ eJh ;EkBK ”s/ ikD dh ;bkj pDkJh go nıho ”u rZb ;qh
nwoBkE ”s/ nk e/ o[eh. fJj ;EkB izw{-eÙwho gqKs ftZu g?Adk W. fJ; pko/ ;ko/ ;fjws j' rJ/ feT[Afe
fJj ;EkB gfjbK ;kv/ ftZu'A fe;/ B/ th Bj] ;h d/fynk. fJ; ;EkB pko/ ikDekoh jk;b eoB s'A pknd
fsnkohnK Ù[o{ j' rJhnK ns/ uZbD bJh fdB fwE fbnk frnk.
rVQÙzeo s'A :ksoh pZ; cV e/ n;] uzvhrVQ-izw{ wkor okj] nZXh oks pkoK e[ ti/ byBg[o
;ojZd ”s/ gj[zu/. fJZE'A izw{-eÙwho gqKs Ù[o{ j[zdk W. fJZE/ u?Zfezr ns/ NA?e; ndk eoB bJh ek¯h ;wK
o[eDk fgnk. f˜nkdkso :ksoh fJZE'A d/ wÙj{o getkB bZv{nK dk ;[nkd uZy oj/ ;B. oks d' ti/ d/
eohp pZ; uZbh ns/ B]d dh x{eh ftZu gsk jh Bj] bZfrnk fe ed'A oks phs rJh. id'A w{zj- jB/o/
““uB?Bh”” Bkwe ;EkB ”s/ gj[zu/ sK wBw'je B˜ko/ Ù[o{ j' u[Ze/ ;B. o;s/ ftZu ftob/-ftob/ bzro th
uZb oj/ ;B. gsBhNkg gj[zu/ sK owDhe tkdhnK ”u fxo/ fdUdko d/ oZ[y tZyok B˜kok g/Ù eo oj/ ;B.
fJZE/ o[wedh mzYh jtk Bkˇ fgSb/ w?dkBh fJbkfenK dh nfs dh rowh s'A okjs fwˇh. okwpkD s'A
nZr/ YkJh feb'whNo bzwh itkjo ;[ozr bzxDh g?Adh W. ekihe[zv s'A nBzsBkr j[zd/ j'J/ n;] Ùkw gzi e[
ti/ gfjbrkw gj[zu rJ/. fJ; ;EkB d/ e[dosh B˜ko/ t/yD tkˇ/ jB. fJZE/ u[c/foUA ;[oZfynk-Ssoh
Bkˇ fxo/ p/; e?Ag ftZu dkıb j' e/ fJZe N?AN feokJ/ ”s/ b? fbnk. :ksok dk gqpzX d/yD tkbh ;z;Ek “;qh
nwoBkE ÙqkJhB p'ov” tZb'A :ksohnK dh ;j{bs bJh T[u/u/ gqpzX ehs/ j'J/ ;B. ;[oZfynk d/ g[ısk
fJzs˜kw ;B. w?vheb e?Ag bZr/ j'J/ ;B. :ksohnK dh ;j{bs bJh nko˜h s"o ”s/ gykB/ ns/ fJÙBkB-
xo pDkJ/ rJ/ ;B .
bzro ftZu yho, ib/ph, e/;o-d[ZX, w[oZpk ns/ dZyDh okiK d/ soQK-soQK d/ ;[nkdh getkB
go';/ iKd/ jB. bzro-gkDh Se e/ id'A fp;sfonK ftZu fNe/ sK n;wkB ”s/ pZdˇtkJh ;h. ;t/o/ jkb/

25
oikJhnK ftZu jh ;K fe nBkT{A;w?AN okj] ;{uBk fwˇh fe Ù/ÙBkr ns/ T[Zgo tkˇ/ fJbkfenK ftZu j'
ojh Gkoh toyk ekoB nZi :ksok o[eh oj/rh. shi/ fdB ;[tys/ :ksok Ù[o{ j'D dh “nBkT{A;w?AN” j'D
eoe/ :ksohnK B/ BQk-X' e/ cNkcN nkgDk ;wkB ;w/NDk Ù[o{ eo fdZsk. Gkoh ;wkB pZ;K ns/ j'o
tkjBK ftZu oZy e/ fJZE'A fgZm{ p?r okj] b[VhAdk ;wkB jh Bkˇ fbikfJnk iKdk W. fJ; ;wkB ftZu
row eZgV/, po;ksh, dtkJh, p?Noh, gkDh nkfd uh˜K ˜o{oh jB. gftZso r[ck se ikD bJh d' o;s/
jB. fJZe o;sk gfjbrkw s'A uzdBtkVh , Ù/ÙBkr ns/ gzisoBh j' e/ ns/ d{ik pkbNkb okj]
gftZso r[ck se gj[zudk W. fijV/ :ksoh gfjbrkw s'A :ksok Ù[o{ eo e/ tkg;h pkbNkb okj]
nkT[Ad/ jB, T[jBK dhnK pZ;K pkbNkb gj[zu iKdhnK jB. ek¯h frDsh ftZu :ksoh pkbNkb okj]
jh iKd/ jB ns/ fJ;/ o;fsUA jh tkg; nkT[Ad/ jB. n;] gfjbrkw s'A nZr/ uzdBtkVh s'A :ksok Ù[o{
eoBh ;h.
BQk-X' e/ n;] ;t/o/ gzi ti/ esko ftZu ik bZr/. nZr/ ;[oZfynk-d;fsnK B/ o'e bkJh j'Jh ;h.
d' e[ xzfNnK pknd id'A joh Mzvh fwˇh sK uzdBtkVh gj[zuD bJh :ksoh N?Ze;hnK tZb ˘ d"V gJ/.
Bdh d/ ezY/-ezY/ uzdBtkVh fJZE'A ;'ˇK feb'whNo d{o W. fJj ;EkB ;w[zdoh sb s'A 8500 ¯[ZN dh
T[ukJh ”s/ W. fJZE'A g?db :ksok Ù[o{ j[zdh W. :ksohnK e'ˇ vzvk j'Dk ˜o{oh W, fi; nk;o/ T[j fsZyh
uVQkJh uVQd/ jB. fJZE/ tZy-tZy ;{fpnK s'A nkJ/ bzro bZr/ j'J/ ;B. Ù/ÙBkr fJZE'A nZm feb'whNo d{o
W. g?db :ksok d"okB fJZe gk;/ T[Zu/ gjkV jB ns/ d{i/ gk;/ v{zxhnK ykJhnK. s[oB s'A n;woE
:ksoh x'fVnK dk nk;ok b?Ad/ jB. x'fVnK tkˇ/ f˜nkdkso v{zxhnK ykJhnK tZb ˘ uZbd/ jB ns/
:ksohnK ˘ gjkV tZb ikD bJh ntk˜K fdzd/ jB. fgZ;{ xkNh se uVQkJh fsZyh W.
o;s/ ftZu gqfeosh d/ nip fdqÙ jB. fJZe gk;/ po¯ d/ gjkV jB, d{i/ gk;/ o[zv-w[zv gjkVhnK.
w";w d/ fwik˜ dk e'Jh gsk Bj] bZrdk. ed/ rowh, ed/ Ùhs jtktK ns/ ed/ fpzd-MZN pZdˇh f;o
”s/ nk e/ toyk Ù[o{ eo fdzdh W. fJ; w"e/ po;ksh ns/ row eZgV/ gfjBD/ g?Ad/ jB. fsbeD s'A pukn
bJh vzvk ;kE fdzdk W. Ù/ÙBkr s'A d' feb'whNo fgZS/ toyk Ù[o{ j' rJh ns/ ek¯h ;wK rV/ g?Ad/ oj/. mzY
fJedw tX rJh. toQd/ w]j ftZu n;] Ù/ÙBkr gj[zu/. fJ; ;EkB dh ;w[zdoh sb s'A T[ukJh 11330
¯[ZN W. fJZE/ n;] oks mfjoBk ;h.
;t/o/ bzro SeD T[gozs gzisoBh bJh uZb gJ/. d' e[ xzfNnK pknd rD/Ù Nkg gj[zu/. fJZE'A d/
fdqÙ th d/yD:'r jB. ;ko/ gk;/ po¯ jh po¯ ;h . :ksohnK dh ;j{bs bJh fJZE/ bzro ns/ ¯;N J/v
e?Ag bkJ/ j'J/ ;B. d[gfjo t/ˇ/ n;] gzisoBh gj[zu rJ/. fJZE/ szp{nK ftZu ek¯h ÙoXkb{ mfjo/ j'J/ ;B.
gzisoBh ;EkB pko/ wkBsk W fe GrtkB Ùzeo B/ ;qh nwoBkE r[ck ftZu gqt/Ù s'A gfjbK gzi sZsK dk
fsnkr eo e/ sKvt fBqs ehsk ;h. fsZyh uVQkJh tkˇ/ o;s/ j[zd/ j'J/ n;] po¯ dhnK fYrK ns/ po¯
d/ pD/ g[ˇK T[Zs'A r[˜o e/ Ùkw t/ˇ/ gftZso r[ck d/ B˜dhe gj[zu/. oks ˘ szp{ feokJ/ ”s/ fbnk. BQk-X'
e/ n;] fszB ti/ sVe/ doÙBK bJh eskoK ftZu bZr rJ/. nZm ti/ doÙB Ù[o{ j'J/, d; ti/ n;] r[ck

26
ftZu ;K. fJ; n;EkB ”s/ GrtkB Ùzeo B/ wksk gkopsh ˘ nwo-eEk ;[DkJh ;h. fJj gktB ;EkB
;w[zdoh sb s'A 12729 ¯[ZN dh T[ukJh ”s/ ;fEs W . pkbNkb s'A j?bhekgNo dh ;/tk th Ù[o{ ehs/ ikD
dh nk; W.
tkg;h dk ;kvk gq'rqkw pkbNkb okj] nkTD dk ;h. fsZyh T[sokJh,uVQkJh d/ pokpo jh W. okj
ftZu uNkBK fy;eD tkˇ/ gjkV jB. r[ck B/Vb/ gjkVK ”s/ pB;gsh pj[s xZN W. fgSb/ ;kbK d/
w[ekpb/ :ksohnK bJh ;j{bsK ftZu tkXk j'fJnk W. u"E/ fdB n;] fujfonK ”s/ nd[Zsh ı[Ùh ns/
nG[Zb :kdK b? e/ tkg; uZb gJ/. o;s/ ftZu n;] vZb Mhb ns/ eÙwho dhnK ;[zdo tkdhnK ˘ B/fVUA
sZeDk ;h.

nfGnk;

1a mhe T[Zso nZr/ ;jh (X) dk fBÙkB bkUL

1a ;qh nwoBkE n;EkB fe; gqKs ftZu W <
(T) fjwkub gqd/Ù (n) izw{-eÙwho (J) T[ZsoKub
2a gfjbrkw s'A uzdBtkVh fezBh d{o W <
T) 16 feb'whNo (n) 26 feb'whNo (J) 14 feb'whNo
3a s[oB s'A n;woE :ksoh ekjdh ;tkoh eod/ jB<
(T) x'Vk (n) T{m (J) jkEh
4a ;qh nwoBkE r[ck dh ;w[zdosb s'A T[ukJh fezBh W<
(T) 14539 ¯[ZN (n) 12729 ¯[ZN (J) 11790 ¯[ZN
5a okj ftZu fej'-fij/ gjkV jB<
(T) uNkBK fy;eD tkˇ/ (n) ;zxD/ izrˇK tkˇ/ (J) jo/-Go/
2a S'N/ T[ZsoK tkˇ/ gqÙBL
1a nwoBkE :ksok bJh ;ko/ ;kEh feT[A ;fjws j' rJ/<
2a byBg[o ;ojZd ”s/ f˜nkdkso :ksoh eh eo oj/ ;B<
3a gsBhNkg dk w";w fej'- fijk ;h<
4a “;qh nwoBkE ÙqkJhB p'ov” tZb' fejV/ gqpzX ehs/ rJ/ ;B<
5a fgZ;{ xkNh se uVQkJh fej'-fijh W<
3a ;zy/g T[ZsoK tkˇ/ gqÙBL
1a b/ye ns/ T[; d/ ;kEh byBg[o ;ojZd se fet/A gj[zu/<
2a bzroK ftZu fejV/-fejV/ getkB go';/ iKd/ jB<
3a shi// fdB ;[tys/ “nBkT{A;wA?N” okjhA eh ;{uBk fwˇh<
27
 4a ;qh nwoBkE r[ck se gj[zuD bJh fejV/-fejV/ o;s/ jB<
5a g?db :ksok ftub/ o;s/ d/ fdqÙK dk toBD eo'.
4a tkeK ftZu tos' L
uouk, ftob/-ftob/, gqpzX, esko, fpzd-MZN, rV/
5a ıkbh EKtK Go'L
1a id'A w{zj- jB/o/ ““uB?Bh”” gj[zu/ sKaaaaaaaaaaaaB˜ko/ Ù[o{ j' u[Ze/ ;B.
2a okwpkD s'A nZr/ YkJh feb'whNo bzwhaaaaaaaaa;[ozr bzxDh g?Adh W.
3a :ksok dk gqpzX d/yD tkˇh ;z;EkaaaaaaaaaatZb'A T[u/u/ gqpzX ehs/ j'J/ ;B.
4a fJZe gk;/ T[Zu/aaaaaaajB ns/ d{i/ gk;/ v{zxhnKaaaaaaaaaaaa.
5a fsbeD s'A pukn bJhaaaaaaaaaa;kE fdzdk W.
6a j/m fby/ ÙpdK ˘ fjzdh ns/ nzro/˜h ftZu fby'L
g≥ikph fjzdh nzro/˜h
S[ZNhnK aaaaaaaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
;wK aaaaaaaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
:ksok aaaaaaaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
cNkcN aaaaaaaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
;[zdo aaaaaaaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaaaaaaa

7a j/m fby/ ÙpdK ˘ Ù[ZX eo e/ fby'L

gopzX, ;zrD/, o;fsT[A, v{zrhnK, pBk;gsh

ftfdnkoEhnK bJh

pZfuU\ s[;h e'Jh :ksok ehsh j't/rh, T[; dk jkb nkgD/ ÙpdK ftZu fby e/ nkgD/
nfXnkge ih ˘ fdykU.

✻✻✻

28
 πºÂ- ⁄º’ Í≈·
A@

fJZe o[Zs nkJ/ fJZe o[Zs ikJ/,

y/bQ fJj ;kok e"D oukJ/.
g?Adh oj/ efjo dh ;odh,
mzY ”u d[Bhnk m[o-m[o eodh.
T[Zu/ gops dh jo u'Nh,
fuZNh po¯ Bkˇ Ye ikJ/.

pVk jh g?Adk eZeo, e'ok,

o[Zs pdbdh G'ok-G'ok.
gsMV o[Zs ftZu o[ZyK T[Zs'A,
jo gZsk ;[Ze/, MV ikJ/.

w[V e/ o[Zs p;zsh nkT[Adh,

pkˆK d/ ftZu c[Zb fyVkT[Adh.
fwZmh-fwZmh jtk o[wedh,
wfje Bkˇ Go ikJ/.

nzsK dh fco rowh nkt/,

X[Zg Bkˇ fgzvk b{jh ikt/.
jo fJZe SZgV,N'G/ ftZu'A,
eZ[b gkDh ;[Ze ikJ/.

29
 nj[ d/y' j[D pZdˇ SkJ/,
w'oK B/ jB yzG c?bkJ/.
Sw-Sw eodh toyk nkJh,
Xosh ;kvh G"Adh-G"Adh,
;{oi d[nkˇ/ uZeo bkT[Adh,
x[zwdh ikJ/,x[zwdh ikJ/,
Bkˇ/ o[ZsK ˘ pdbkJ/.

fJZe o[Zs nkJ/ fJZe o[Zs ikJ/,

Xosh ;kok y/bQ oukJ/.

nfGnk;
1a gqÙBK d/ T[Zso fdUL
(T)a mzY ”u d[Bhnk eh eodh W<
(n)a gsMV o[Zs ftZu o[ZyK ”s/ eh Bj] ofjzdk<
(J)a p;zsh o[Zs pkˆK ftZu eh fyVkT[Adh W<
(;)a pZdˇ SkJ/ j'D sK fejVk gzSh w;sh ftZu nk iKdk W<
2a ıkbh EKtK Go'L
fwZmh fwZmhaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaGo ikJ/.
nzsK dh fcoaaaaaaaaaankt/,
XZ[g Bkb fgzvk b{jhaaaaaaaaaaaaa
jo fJZeaaaaaaaaaaaa ftZu'A,
e[Zb gkDh ;Z[eaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
3a j/m fby/ Ùpd gV'Q s/ fJjBK dh b?n d/y'. fJjBK Bkˇ fwˇd/ Ùpd nkgD/ e'ˇA' fby e/ b?n Bkˇ
b?n iV'L
ikJ/aaaaaaaaaaoukJ/ SkJ/aaaaaaaaaaa
e'okaaaaaaaaaa G"Adhaaaaaaaaa
nkT[Adhaaaaaaa ;odhaaaaaaaaaaa
4a gzikph ftZu fby/ ÙpdK ˘ fjzdh ns/ nzro/˜h ftZu th fby'L
gzikph fjzdh nzro/ih
fuZNh aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
;odh dh o[Zs aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
jtk aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
yzG aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
wfje aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
30
5a j/m fby/ gqÙBK d/ T[Zso fdUL-
1a fJ; eftsk ftZu fejVhnK-fejVhnK o[ZsK dk f˜eo nkfJnk W<
2a p;zs o[Zs ftZu nkˇk-d[nkˇk fet/A pdbdk W<
3a o[ZsK fet/A pdbdhnK jB<
4a rowh dh o[Zs ftZu fejVhnK-fejVhnK emBkJhnK nkT[AdhnK jB<
5a toyk o[Zs nkT[D ”s/ eftsk ftZu fe; soKQ dh ı[Ùh dk fJ˜jko ehsk frnk W<
6a j/m fby/ ÙpdK d/ ftgohs noE fby'L
rowh, gsMV, fwZmh, XZ[g, toyk

ouBksfwe ekoi
L
fJ; gkm ftZu nkJhnK o[ZsK d/ BK fby'.

✻✻✻

31
 Í≈· Â∆¡ª Á≈ «Â¿∞‘≈
AA

shnK dk fsT[jko toyk o[Zs Bkˇ ;zpzfXs fJZe ı[ÙhnK Gfonk fsT[jko W. fJj fsT[jko
;kT[D wjhB/ d/ nozG Bkˇ Ù[o{ jz[dk W fJ; bJh fJ; ˘ “;kftnK dk fsT[jko” th fejk iKdk W. fJ;
wjhB/ Xosh th ;kt/ ozr dk t/; XkoB eodh W. gzikp d/ jo fgzv ftZu shnK dk fsT[jko pVhnK
ohMK s/ uktK Bkˇ wBkfJnk iKdk W. i/m-jkVQ dhnK X[ZgK Bkˇ b{;h j'Jh Xosh ˘ ;kT[D d/ whAj
dhnK c[jkoK mzfYnK eodhnK jB. Xosh th joh-Goh j' iKdh W. Xosh dh fJ; ı[Ùh ftZu Ùkwb
j[zdhnK j'JhnK Xosh dhnK XhnK “shnK dk fsT[jko” wBkT[AdhnK jB. shnK w[Zy s"o ”s/ e[VhnK dk
fsT[jko W.
shnK s'A e[M fdB gfjbK, ftnkjhnK j'JhnK e[VhnK ˘ T[jBK d/ Gok ;j[fonK s'A b? e/
nkT[Ad/ jB. fJ;/ soQK fgzv dhnK ˘jK nkgD/ g/e/ shnK wBkT[D tk;s/ iKdhnK jB ns/ ftZSVhnK
j'JhnK ;j/bhnK fco fwˇdhnK jB ns/ pugB dhnK :kdK sk˜k eodhnK jB. i/ fe;/ ekoB Xh
g/e/ Bk nk ;e/ sK T[; ˘ ;zXkok G/fink iKdk W. ;zXko/ ftZu eZgV/, r[V, r[br[b/ tˆ?ok G/i/ iKd/
jB. id'A w]j g?Adk W sK efjzd/ jB ““fJzdo B/ Xosh ”s/ ;zXkok G/fink W.””
shnK ftZu jko-fÙzrko dk ık; ;EkB W. shi s'A gfjbK d{i ˘ wfjzdh bkJh iKdh W. wfjzdh
bk e/ e[VhnK jZEK ˘ fÙzrkodhnK jB. fJj t/y-t/y e/ ı[Ù j[zdhnK jB fe fe; d/ f˜nkdk ozr
ufVQnk W. pKjtK Go-Go e/ u{VhnK uVQkJhnK iKdhnK jB. SD-SD eodhnK ozr-pozrhnK
u{VhnK dk ;zrhs w[fNnkoK ˘ nefj ı[Ùh gqdkB eodk W. id'A uweK wkod/ Bt/A-Bt/A eZgV/ gfjB e/,
;'jD/ f;o r[zdk e/, ;Zrh c[Zb, jko-jw/bK, M[we/, SkgK-SZb/ ns/ SD-SD eodhnK gi/pK gk e/
w[fNnkoK fJZemhnK j' e/ fBeˇdhnK jB sK gohnK s'A xZN Bj] fd;dhnK. fujfonK dk ozr shnK

32
dh ı[Ùh Bkˇ ;t/o dh bkbh tKr ;zX{oh Gkj wkodk W. fJ; soQK e[VhnK gfjB-gZuo e/, pD-cp e/
shnK ftZu nk o"DeK bkT[AdhnK jB. fJZE/ nk e/ n˜kdh nB[Gt eodhnK jB. Bk u[bQ/-u"Ae/ dk f¯eo,
Bk ;Z; dhnK fMVeK dk vo.
frZX/ dk ı{p ozr pzfBQnk iKdk W. ;ZG/ w[fNnkoK d/ g?o fEoed/ jB, fit/A fe p'bh th W L-
shnK shi dhnK,
BZuD ;G w[fNnkoK.
e[VhnK fJZe d{ih s'A tX- uVQ e/ p'bhnK gkT[AdhnK jB. p'bhnK dk nyzv gqtkj uZbdk W, eh
wikb i/ p'bh N[ZND d/D. fJjBK p'bhnK ftZu f˜zdrh d/ ;ko/ ozr ;sozrh ghAx dh soQK ;wkJ/ j[zd/ jB.
BZudhnK e[VhnK whAj d/ SokfNnK dh gotkj Bj] eodhnK. w[fNnkoK fJjBK mzYhnK c[jkoK dk
nBzd wkDdhnK e[M fJ; soQK p'bh uZ[edhnK jB L-
fBZeh-fBZeh eDh dk w]j to;/Adk,
mzYhnK g?D c[jkoK.
BZu b? w'oBhJ/,
gzi gsk;/ tkoK.
BZu b? w'oBhJ/.
frZX/ s'A fJbktk g]xK M{ND dk th tZyok jh nBzd j[zdk W. e[VhnK fJZe-d{ih s'A tZX -
uVQ e/ ghAxK uVQkT[AdhnK jB. e'Jh ”eZbh g]x M{Ndh W ns/ e'Jh d' iDhnK oˇ e/ g]x n;wkB]
uVQk fdzdhnK jB. g]xK M{NdhnK e[VhnK d/ rfjfDnK dh SDeko nB'yk ozr pzBQdh W.
g]x M[N/Adh d/,
M[we/ b?D j[bko/.
fJ; soQK frZX/ ns/ g]x d/ j[bkfonK dk nBzd wkDfdnK shnK d/ ftdk j'D dk fdB nk
g[Zidk W. fJ; fdB w/b/ torh o"De j[zdh W. fJZe e[Vh ˘ bkVk ns/ d{ih ˘ tj[Nh pDk e/ ftnkj
dhnK ;kohnk o;wK ehshnK iKdhnK jB. e[VhnK w{zj Bkˇ tki/ tikT[AdhnK jB. mheohnK d/
g?f;nK dh ;πºN ehsh iKdh W. izR dh ftdkfJrh t/b/ e[VhnK dh fJZe N'bh izR dk okj o'e b?Adh
W ns/ izR s'A v'ˇk y'Ajdh W. v'ˇk y'jDk iK b[ZN wukT[Dh shnK dh nzfsw o;w W i' ÙkfJd
gfjb/ t/fˇnK dhnK xNBktK dh ;{ue W.
fJ; ohs fgZS'A e[VhnK rhs rkT[AdhnK ns/ nkgD/ g/e/ fgzv ˘ rhsK d/ o{g ftZu
n;h;K fdzdhnK xoK ˘ s[o g?AdhnK jB.

33
 ;[Zy tZ;dh, pkpk ih E'vh Brohl ih, ;[Zy tZ;dh.
fJ; soQK shnK dk fJj o"DeK Gfonk fsT[jko jo ;kb jk;/-y/V/ tzvdk W. fJj
fsT[jko toyk o[Zs ekoB w"bh j'Jh ;o;p˜ Xosh d/ n;o j/m wB[Zy d/ Sˇed/ j'J/ i˜fpnK dk
gqrNktk W. fJ; fsT[jko ftZu f˜zdrh XVedh W ns/ nkg;h fgnko ns/ ;KMK fJ; Bkˇ j'o
gZehnK j[zdhnK jB.
nfGnk;
1a pj[ftebgh gqÙB-
Ta shnK dk fsT[jko fejVh o[Zs dk fsT[jko W<
(T) rowh dh oZ[s dk (n) ;odh dh o[Zs dk (J) toyk-o[Zs dk
na shnK dk fsT[jko fejV/ fdB ˘ wBkfJnk iKdk W<
(T) gfjbh ˘ (n) shi ˘ (J) d{i ˘
Ja fJ; fsT[jko dk j'o fejVk BK j?<
(T) e[VhnK dk fsT[jko (n) Xosh dhnK XhnK dk fsT[jko
(J) ;kftnK dk fsT[jko
;a e[VhnK shnK d/ fsT[jko ftZu eh eodhnK jB<
(T) y/vK y/vdhnK jB (n) g]xK M{NdhnK jB (J) “T” s/ “n” d't/A jh
ja e[VhnK shnK ftZu fe; soQK nB[Gt eodhnK jB<
(T) uZ[bQ/-u"Ae/ dk vo (n) ;Z; dhnK fMVeK dk vo
(J) n˜kdh dk nB[Gt
2a S'N/ T[ZsoK tkˇ/ gqÙBL
Ta e[VhnK ˘ ;zXko/ ftZu eh-eh G/fink iKdk W<
na e[VhnK shnK dk fsT[jko wBkT[D bJh feZE/ nkT[AdhnK jB<
Ja id'A w]j g?Adk W sK b'e] eh efjzd/ jB<
;a shnK ftZu e[VhnK fet/A ozr pzBQdhnK jB<
ja shnK d/ fsT[jko dh ftdkfJrh ;w/A e[VhnK fejVh o;w eodhnK jB<
3a ;zy/g T[ZsoK tkˇ/ gqÙBL
Ta shnK d/ fsT[jko ˘ ;kftnK dk fsT[jko th fejk iKdk W, feT[A<
na ftºSVhnK j'JhnK ;j/bhnK fet/A fwˇdhnK jB<

34
 Ja e[VhnK shnK dk fsT[jko fet/A wBkT[AdhnK jB<
;a ;j[o/ rJh e[Vh ˘ wK-pkg ;zXko/ ftZu eh e[M G/id/ jB<
ja shnK d/ ftdk j'D d/ fdB e[VhnK eh eodhnK jB<
4a tkeK ftZu tos'L
;zXkok, ozr-pozrhnK, nefj y[Ùh, ;zX{oh, gi/pK
5a ıkbh EKtK Go'L
toyk-oZ[s, M[we/, d{i, w]j, n;h;K
Ta shnK dk fsT[jkoaaaaaaaaaaaadk fsT[jko W.
na shi s'A gfjbKaaaaaaaaaaa˘ wfjzdh bkJh iKdh W.
Ja fBZeh-fBZeh eDh dk aaaaaaaaaato;/Adk.
;a g]x M[NA/dh d/ aaaaaaaaaab?D j[bko/.
ja e[VhnK g/e/ fgzv ˘ rhsK d/ o{g ftZu aaaaaaaaaaad/AdhnK jB.
6a j/mK fdZs/ ÙpdK ˘ fjzdh, nzro/˜h ftZu fby'L
gzikph fjzdh nzro/˜h
toyk aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
nB'yk aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
nyzv aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
oˇ e/ aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
ftnkj aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
7a pj[tuB pDkUL
fsT[jko, w[fNnko, c[jko, ozr-pozrh, o"De, gi/p
8a Ù[ZX eo e/ fby'L
ohiK, ;zdkok, o'BeK, ;kik, w?jdh

nfXnkgeK bJh

nfXnkge ftfdnkoEhnK ˘ shnK d/ j'o rhsK pko/ ikDekoh d/D.

✻✻✻

35
 Í≈· Íπ¡≈Ë Á≈ Ó‘≈È Ù‘∆Á∏ ’ªÙ∆ ≈Ó
AB

fjzd[;skB dh n˜kdh d/ ;zxoÙwJh fJfsjk; ftZu ˆdo gkoNh dh e[opkBh nd[Zsh W. ˆdo
gkoNh pko/ pj[s y'i-Gog{o g[;seK th fbyhnK rJhnK jB . nfij/ i'fXnK dhnK e[opkBhnK nZyK
y'bQD tkˇhnK jB.
ˆdo gkoNh d/ fJ; wjkB Ùjhd dk iBw 13 nes{po, 1883 Jha ˘ gzvs rzrk okw d/ xo
fgzv wV"bh ebK (B/V/ w'fozvk) fty/ j'fJnk. T[d'A fJj fgzv f˜bQk nzpkˇk ftZu g?Adk ;h. «JjBK dk
gfotko fJZe gqGktÙkbh gfotko ;h. eKÙh okw B/ gqkfJwoh ftZfdnk nkgD/ fgzv d/ ;e{b s'A bJh s/
nZmt] w'fozvk d/ ;e{b s'A gk; ehsh. d;t] iwks ftZu wfjzdok jkJh ;e{b, gfNnkˇk fty/ gVQd/
;w/A jh T[jBk d/ wB ftZu oitkVkÙkjh s/ nzro/˜ je{ws dh b[ZN-y;[ZN ftZo[X B¯os g?dk j' rJh ;h.
nzpkˇk ı˜kB/ ftZu B"eoh eod/ ;w/A nkg dk wB T[esk frnk. B"eoh SZv e/ e[M d/o fdZbh oj/ ns/
fco nk;Nq/bhnk j[zd/ j'J/ nwohek gj[zu rJ/. fJ; s'A gsk uºbdk W fe eKÙh okw pj[s fsZyh pZ[Xh dk
wkbe ;h s/ T[; d/ fdb nzdo d/; -Grsh dh i[nkbk ;[bx ojh ;h.
nwohek ftZu ˆ[bkw GkoshnK Bkˇ j[zdk wzdk ;b{e t/y e/ eKÙh okw dk wB d/; dh n˜kdh
bJh sVg T[Zfmnk. T[ZE/ ofjzfdnK nkg dk ;zgoe pkpk ;'jB f;zx GeBk Bkˇ i[V frnk. nwohek ”u
;/AN ikB fty/ nkg dk xo n˜kdh- x[bkNhnK ns/ fJBebkphnK bJh gZek nZvk pD frnk. fJ;/
;EkB ”s/ 25 wkou, 1913 JhL ˘ ˆdo gkoNh dh ;EkgBk dk w[ZY pZfMnk. pkpk ;'jB f;zx GeBk ˘
gkoNh-gqXkB, bkbk jofdnkb ˘ iBob ;eZso ns/ gza eKÙh okw ˘ ı˜kBuh u[fDnk frnk. fJj
fszB/ iD/ “r[gs fwÙB” d/ w?Apo th ;B.
36
 T[d'A gfjbh ;z;ko-izr bZrh j'Jh ;h s/ nzro/˜ fJ; ftZu oZ[fMnk j'fJnk ;h. ˆdo gkoNh B/
fJ; ;w/A ˘ Y[etK ;wMd/ j'J/, ˆdoh :'X/ fsnko ehs/. pj[s ;ko/ ˆdohnK B/ ekwkrkNkwko{ ijk˜
okj] fjzd[;skB tZb e{u eo fdZsk. gozs{ d[Zy dh rZb fJj j'Jh fe nzro/˜ ;oeko ˘ fJ; dh ;{j fwˇ
rJh . pj[s ;ko/ ˆdoh ebeZs/ ns/ pi-pi xkN ”s/ jh fpBK fe;/ g[ZS-gVskb d/ Ùjhd eo fdZs/
rJ/. fet/A Bk fet/A eKÙh okw ns/ e[M j'o ˆdoh gzikp g[ZiD ftZu ekw:kp j' rJ/. dZf;nk iKdk W fe
eKÙh okw nkgD/ fgzv wV"bh ebK nkgD/ wkfgnK ˘ fwˇB th nkfJnk ;h. T[j nkgDh wksk ih bJh
fJZe d[gZNk ;BwkB ti'A b? e/ nkfJnk gozs{ wksk ih T[d'A she gob'e f;Xko u[Ze/ ;B.
T[jBK B/ ;kok e[M ;po Bkˇ podkÙs ehsk s/ fgzv ˘ nbftdk nkyh. ˆdohnK dk w[Zy
fBÙkBk sK ˆ[bkwh dk i{ˇk bkj[Dk ;h. T[jBK dh :'iBk f¯o'˜g[o SkT[Dh d/ n;bkıkBk ”s/ ep˜k
eoBk ;h sKi' nzro/˜ je{ws dk jfEnkoK Bkˇ w[ekpbk ehsk ik ;e/. ;ko/ gqpzX w[ezwb eo bJ/ rJ/
gozs{ okj ftZu fw;ohtkˇk d/ B˜dhe g[fb;-w[ZmG/V ftZu fJj ˆdoh :'X/ nzro/˜ ;oeko d/ jZE nk
rJ/.
nzro/˜ ;oeko bJh fJj pj[s tZvh ;¯bsk ;h. T[j ˆdohnK ˘ ısw eoB T[Zs/ s[bh j'Jh ;h.
fJjBK ˆdohnK ˘ w[eZdw/ dk Y'Ar ouk e/ f¯o'ig[o i/bQ ftZu pzd eo fdZsk frnk. gzvs eKÙh okw s/
T[; d/ ;kEhnK B/ nzro/˜ ;oeko d/ ˜[bw nZr/ JhB Bk wzBh. jkbks ”s/ ekp{ gkT[D bJh pVh e'Mh
Bhs Bkˇ 27 wkou, 1915 JhL ˘ eKÙh okw s/ ;kEh e?dh ˆdohnK ˘ ;t/o/- ;t/o/ bkj"o i/bQ ftZu
cK;h d/ fdZsh. ˆdo gkoNh ftZu T[BQK dh bk;kBh Ùjkds dh Gog{o uouk j'Jh.
1961 Jha ”u gzikp ;oeko d/ ssekbh w[Zy-wzsoh ;agoskg f;zx e?o'A B/ eKÙh okw d/ fgzv d/
;oekoh jkJh ;e{b ˘ Ùjhd eKÙh okw dk BK fdZsk s/ T[jBK dk fJZe S'Nk fijk pZ[s th bkfJnk.
fJjBK dh :kd ftZu Ùjhd eKÙh okw w?w'ohnb ekbi Gkr{wkiok (yoV-ıkBg[o B/V/) ;Ekfgs ehsk.
Ùjhd eKÙh okw w?w'ohnb ebZp wV"bh ebK br-gr fgSb/ 40 ;kbK s'A Ùjhd dh :kd ftZu
N{oBkw?AN, BkNe s/ eJh j'o ;wkrw eotkT[Adk nk fojk W.

nfGnk;
1a pj[ftebgh gqÙB L-
Ta Ùjhd eKÙh okw fejV/ fJbke/ dk Ùjhd wzfBnk iKdk W<
(T) d[nkp/ dk (n) wkM/ dk (J) g[nkX dk
na eKÙh okw dk p[Zs feZE/ ;fEs W <
(T) f¯o'˜g[o fty/ (n) b[fXnkDk fty/ (J) wV"bh ebK fty/

37
 Ja eKÙh okw dk iBw ed'A j'fJnk <
(T) 12 nes{po , 1880 ˘ (n) 13 nes{po, 1883 ˘
(J) 20 nes{po, 1885 ˘
;a Ùjhd eKÙh okw ˘ cK;h feZE/ fdZsh rJh<
(T) nwohek fty/ (n) nk;Nq/bhnk fty/
(J) bkj"o fty/
ja Ùjhd eKÙh okw w?w'ohnb ekbi feZE/ ;fEs W <
(T) yoV (n) w'fozvk (J) Gkr{ wkiok
2a S'N/ T[ZsoK tkˇ/ gqÙB L-
Ta Ùjhd eKÙh okw dk iBw ed'A s/ feZE/ j'fJnk<
na fJjBK d/ fgsk dk eh BK ;h<
Ja eKÙh okw B/ w[Ybh f;Zfynk feZE'A gqkgs ehsh<
;a eKÙh okw nkgDh wksk ih bJh ;BwkB ti'A eh fbnkfJnk<
ja eKÙh okw ˘ cK;h ed'A s/ feZE/ fdZsh rJh<
3a ;zy/g T[ZsoK tkˇ/ gqÙB L-
Ta Ùjhd eKÙh okw feZE/ B"eoh eodk ;h<
na rdo gkoNh dk wZ[Y fet/A pZfMnk<
Ja Ùjhd eKÙh okw ”s/ fejV/-fejV/ ˆdoh :'fXnk dk n;o fgnk<
;a ˆdohnK B/ fe; soQK fjzd[;skB tZb e{u ehsk<
ja Ùjhd eKÙh okw dh :kd ftZu w?w'ohnb ekbi dh ;EkgBk ed'A s/ fet/A ehsh
rJh<
4a tkeK ftZu tos' L
Ùpd- w[jkto/
;{opho-Gkos ;{ophoK dh Xosh W.
je{ws, b[ZN-y;Z[N, oitkVkÙkjh, Y[etK, ;{j fwˇBh
5a ıkbh EKtK Go'L-
gzvs rzrk okw, wV"bh ebK, ˆdo gkoNh, ;a goskg f;zx e?oA', bkj"o fty/
Ta Ùjhd eKÙh okw dk iBwaaaaaaaaaad/ xo fgzvaaaaaaaaaaafty/ j'fJnk.
na 25 wkou, 1913 ˘aaaaaaaaaaaaadh ;EkgBk j'Jh.

38
 Ja Ùjhd eKÙh okw ˘aaaaaaaaaaacK;h fdZsh rJh.
;a gzikp ;oeko d/ ssekbh w[Zy-wzsohaaaaaaaaa B/ ;oekoh jkJh ;e{b ˘ Ùjhd eKÙh
okw dk BK fdZsk.
6a j/mK fdZs/ ÙpdK ˘ fjzdh ns/ nzro/˜h ftZu fby'L-
g≥ikph fjzdh nzro/˜h
gkoNh aaaaaaaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
fJfsjk; aaaaaaaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
;{opho aaaaaaaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
B"eoh aaaaaaaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
;BwkB aaaaaaaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
Gkosh aaaaaaaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
7a fto'Xh Ùpd fby'L-
n˜kd, B¯os, ekw:kp, ;BwkB, Gog{o, B˜dhe
8a Ù[ZX eo e/ fby'L
fJshjk;, ;jhd, gohtko, gqshGkÙkbh, ekwikp, b{N- y;{N

«Ú«Á¡≈Ê∆¡ª Ò¬∆

nkgDh Ùq/Dh d/ nfXnkge ih ˘ nfij/ fe;/ j'o n˜kdh-x[ˇkNhJ/ dh ihtBh pko/ ukBD gkT[D
bJh ej'.

✻✻✻

39
 Ï≈Òª Ò¬∆ «√º «÷¡≈
Í≈·
AC
szdo[;s i/ ofjDk j? sK, uh˜ p˜koh ykU Bk,
fEzX/ gkgV, yZN/ S'b/ yk e/ yzx brkU Bk.
i' e[M ykU, sk˜k ykUl pk;h ”s/ Bk ihn GowkU,
;V/, rˇ/ iK eZu/ cˇ d/, bkr/ G[Zb e/ ikU Bk.
d[ZX, djhA, bZ;h s/ wZyDl d/j Bz{ BtK-fBo'nk oZyD,
yZNk, fwou, tb?sh fxU dhnKl uh˜K Bz{ w≥{j bkU Bk.
wZyh j?˜k s[os c?bkJ/, wZSo s/Jhnk skg uVQkJ/,
u{j/ Bkˇ gb/r c?bdh, xo ftZu ed/ fNekU Bk.
sVe/ ikr, ;?o Bz{ ikDkl dksD ekoBh, wˇ e/ BQkDk,
to˜Ù eo', ;¯kJh oZy'l w?ˇ/ eZgV/ gkU Bk.

nfGnk;

1a S'N/ T[ZsoK tkˇ/ gqÙB L-

Ta eth szdo[;s ofjD bJh fejVhnK uh˜K Bz{ ykD s'A o'edk j?<
na wZyhnK Bkˇ fejVk o'r c?bdk j?<
Ja wZSo d[nkok vzr wkoB Bkˇ fejVk o'r c?bdk j?<
;a gb/r fe; ikBto eoe/ c?bdh j?<
ja ;t/o/ T[Zm e/ ;kBz{ eh eoBk ukjhdk j?<

2a j/m fdZshnK ekft-;soK g{ohnK eo'L

Ta i' e[M ykU, sk˜k ykUl aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa.
na d[ZX, djhA, bZ;h s/ wZyDl aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa.
Ja aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa, xo ftZu ed/ fNekU Bk.
;a aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaal uh˜K Bz{ w≥{j bkU Bk.
3a ;zy/g T[ZsoK tkˇ/ gqÙB L-
Ta fEzX/ gkgV, yZN/ S'b/ yk e/ ;kBz{L
(T) y[oe j' iKdh j? (n) y≥x bZr iKdh j? (J) g/N-dod j'D bZr iKdk j?.
40
na fejVhnK uh˜K dh tos'A ;kBz{ G[Zb e/ th BjhA eoBh ukjhdh <
(T) d[ZX s/ djhA dh (n) sk˜/ cˇK dh (J) rˇ/-;V/ iK eZu/ cˇK dh
Ja ;kBz{ fe; soQK d/ eZgV/ BjhA gkT[D/ ukjhd/ <
(T) w?ˇ/ eZgV/ (n) ;k¯-;[Eo/ eZgV/ (J) ;{sh eZgV/
4a tkeK ftZu tos' L
fBo'nk, s[os, to˜Ù, szdo[;s, pk;h
5a fto'Xh Ùpd fby'L
sk˜k, BtK, w?ˇk, eZuk, szdo[;s

ouBksfwe ekoi

(T) ftfdnkoEh szdo[;s ofjD bJh ngDkJhnK ik ;eD tkbhnK nkdsK dh ;{uh
pDkT[D.
(n) ftfdnkoEh szdo[;s ofjD bJh Bk ehs/ ikD tkˇ/ ezwK ik p[ohnK nkdsK dh
;{uh pDkT[D.
(J) fJ; eftsk B{z ˜pkBh :kd eo e/ nkgD/ ;fjgkmhnK Bkˇ oˇ e/ rkU.

✻✻✻

41
 Í≈·
‘«¡≈ÚÒ AD

wBh ns/ eoB d't/A G?D-Gok fJZe jh ;e{b ftZu gVQd/ ;B. wBh S/t] iwks ftZu gVQdh ;h
ns/ eoB u"Eh iwks ftZu gVQdk ;h. eoB gVQkJh ftZu ew˜'o ns/ ÙokosK ftZu ;G s'A nZr/ ;h.
wBh th p/ÙZe Ùokosh ;h go T[j gVQkJh ftZu j[fÙnko ;h. gVQkJh ftZu nZtb j'D eoe/ T[; dhnK
ÙokosK ne;o B˜o-nzdk˜ eo fdZshnK iKdhnK ;B. d't/A G?D- Gok fBZeh-fBZeh rZb s'A MrVk
eod/ go E'VQh d/o pknd c/o fJeZm/ j' iKd/.
fgSb/ j¯s/ eoB dk iBw-fdB ;h. T[; B/ nkgD/ d'';sK ˘ xo p[bk e/ ı{p w"i- w;sh ehsh.
e/e, g/;NohnK, ukeb/N, Nk¯hnK ns/ j'o ;"dk-gZsk T[; B/ gfjbK jh nkgD/ ukuk ih s'A wzrtk
fbnk ;h.
““wzwh\ w?A th nkgDk iBw-fdB g{oh X{w-Xkw Bkˇ wBktKrh.”” wBh B/ eoB d/ iBw-fdB
d/ e/e ”s/ w'wpZshnK irkT[AfdnK fejk.
wBh dh wzwh o;'Jh ftZu ezw eofdnK p'bh, ““wBh , s{z sK f;nkDh J/A p/Nk\ s?˘ sK gsk W fe
eoB pj[s f˜Zdh W. fJj sK nwhoK d/ u'ub/ B/, “poE-v/ ∏ poE-v/”. fizB/ g?;/ s[;] fJjBK ¯˜{b
dhnK uh˜K ”s/ ıou/ jB, e'Jh gVQkJh dk ;wkB b? b?Ad/.””
““jKaaajK w/oh tkoh ˘ fJj uh˜K ¯˜{b bZrdhnK B/,”” wBh E'VQk Bok˜ j[zfdnK p'bh.
““w?A gkgk Bkˇ rZb eoKrh, s[;] sK jw/ÙK eoB dk jh gZy b?Ad/ j'.””
;e{b tkˇk p?r u[Ze e/ wBh vqkfJzr-o{w ftZu p?m e/ j'w-toe eoB bZrh. gkgk dh
ntk˜ ;[DfdnK jh T[j d"V e/ T[jBK e'ˇ ik e/ p'bh, ““gkgk, w?A th eoB tKr nkgDk iBw-
fdB wBktKrh ns/ nkgDhnK ;j/bhnK ˘ xo/ p[bktKrh.””

42
 ““e'Jh Bk g[Zso\ d/y btKr/, id'A s/ok iBw-fdB nkT{, ni/ sK pj[s fdB gJ/ B/.””
““gkgk\ fdB feZE/ B/, fJZeh i[bkJh fejVk d{o W\ nkj d/y', i{B sK nZXk bzx frnk W, pZ;
ofj rJ/aaaaa.”” T[j e?bzvo tZb d/ydh T[ArˇK ”s/ fdB frDB bZr gJh.
““;[D' ih, d't/A G?D- Gok ;t/o d/ bVh iKd/ B/, iBw- fdB wBkT[D fgZS/. w?A wBh ˘ ;wMkT[D
dh e'ÙÙ eo ojh jK fe T[j sK pZuk W, s{z sK f;nkDh j' rJh WA.”” wBh dh wzwh B/ T[; d/ gkgk ˘ gkDh
dk rbk; cVkT[AfdnK fejk.
““uZb e'Jh Bk, id'A iBw-fdB nkT{ , d/y btKr/.””
e[M fdBK pknd jo o'˜ dh soQK d't/A G?D-Gok ;e{b ikD bJh fsnko j' oj/ ;B. ;e{b tkˇk
p?r w'Y/ ”u gkT[AfdnK wBh p'bh, ““gkgk, eZbQ ˘ ;kv/ ;e{b ftZu tD-wjKT[s;t wBkfJnk ikDk W.
w?A th o[ZyK pko/ fJZe eftsk gVQBh W. gzikph tkˇ/ nfXnkge B/ fJ; pko/ e/tb w?˘ jh fejk W.””
““ÙkpkÙ\ p/Nk, fJj sK pj[s uzrh rZb W. ;e{b dh jo rshftXh ftZu fjZ;k ˜o{o b?Dk
ukjhdk W.”” ;e{b d/ r/N ”s/ SZvfdnK T[; d/ gkgk B/ d'AjK pZfunK ˘ “pkJ/-pkJ/” eofdnK fejk.
wBh ns/ eoB d't/A nkg'-nkgDhnK iwksK ftZu ub/ rJ/. wBh dk gfjbk ghohnv gzikph
dk ;h. nfXnkge B/ iwks ftZu gqt/Ù ehsk. ;ko/ pZfunK B/ yVQ/ j' e/ T[jBK dk ;[nkrs ehsk.
nfXnkge r[odhg ih B/ nkgDk GkÙD Ù[o{ eofdnK fejk, ““d/y' pZfuU\ eZbQ ˘ nkgK nkgD/
;e{b ftZu tD- wjKT[s;t wBkT[Dk W. tZX s'A tZX g"d/ bkT[D/ jB. o[ZyK dk ;kv/ ihtB ftZu pVk
wjZst W. o[ZyK s'A fpBK ;kvk ihtB nX{ok W. o[Zy ;k˘ cˇ ns/ mzYhnK SKtK fdzd/ jB. p/;wM B/ T[j
b'e fijV/ jo/-Go/ o[ZyK ˘ eZNd/ jB. ;k˘ ;kfonK ˘ nkgD/ iBw- fdB w"e/ fJZe-fJZe o[Zy ˜o{o
bkT[Dk ukjhdk W. fJjBK Bkˇ ;kvhnK nkT[D tkˇhnK ghVQhnK ˘ Ù[ZX tksktoB fwˇ ;e/rkaaa.””
gzikph nfXnkge r[odhg f;zx ih fezBhnK ;kohnK rZbK efj rJ/.
““wBh, s{z o[ZyK tkˇh eftsk :kd eo bJh<””
““jK ih, ;[DktK<”” wBh B/ o[ZyK tkˇh eftsk pj[s tXhnk Yzr Bkˇ g/Ù ehsh. iwks
dk ewok skVhnK Bkˇ rz{i T[Zfmnk.
““ÙkpkÙ\ p/Nk, pfj ik.”” nfXnkge r[odhg ih B/ wBh dh gq;z;k eofdnK fejk.
nfXnkge dhnK ejhnK rZbK wBh dh ;wM nk rJhnK ;B.
thj i[bkJh Bz{ oks] ykD/ d/ N/pb ”s/ p?fmnK wBh d/ gkgk B/ fejk, ““wBh p/Nk\ eZbQ ˘ fJZeh
i[bkJh W. s{z w?˘ nkgD/ ;wkB dh fb;N Bj] fdZsh. eh s?˘ nkgDk iBw-fdB :kd Bj]<””
““Bj] gkgk, :kd W, w?˘ nkgDk iBw-fdB,”” wBh B/ ;e{b - p?r ˘ co'ˇfdnK fJZe ekˆ˜
dk N[eVk nkgD/ gkgk d/ jZE ”s/ oZyfdnK fejk.

43
 ““wBh \ nkj eh g[Zso<”” T[; d/ gkgk B/ ekˆ˜ ”s/ fbyhnK t;sK ˘ gVQfdnK fejk.
““fJ; ”s/ sK o[ZyK d/ BK fby/ j'J/ jB. ykD -ghD tkˇ/ ;wkB dh fb;N feZE/ W<””
wBh B/ E'VQk rzGho j[zdhnK fejk, ““Bj] gkgk fJ; tko N"¯hnK, ukeb/N Bj], f;o¯ w?˘ fJj
g"d/ jh ukjhd/ jB. w?A nkgD/ iBw-fdB ”s/ fJjBK g"fdnK ˘ jh nkgD/ ;e{b ftZu bktKrh.””
wBh d/ gkgk B/ T[; ˘ x[ZN e/ rbtZeVh gk bJh ns/ ÙkpkÙ fdzfdnK fejk, ““tkj g[Zsok\
i/eo s/o/ tKr jo fJZe pZuk nkg'- nkgD/ iBw -fdB ”s/ fJZe-fJZe g"dk bkT[D dk gqD eo bt/
sK T[j fdB d{o Bj] id'A ;kvh Xosh ”s/ jo gk;/ jfonktb jh jfonktb B˜o nkt/rh.””
nrb/ fdB wBh s/ eoB xo'A jo/-Go/ g"d/ ;e{b ”u bkT[D bJh b? s[o/.

nfGnk;
1a j/m fby/ gqÙBK d/ T[Zso fJZe iK d' ÙpdK ftZu fdUL-
Ta wBh s/ eoB fe; ;e{b ftZu gVQd/ ;B<
na fe; dk iBw-fdB gfjbK nkfJnk<
Ja wBh dk iBw-fdB fe; sohe ˘ ;h<
;a ;e{b ftZu fejVk T[s;t wBkfJnk ikDk ;h<
ja wBh B/ nkgD/ iBw-fdB ”s/ ;e{b ftZu eh fbikD dk ¯?;bk ehsk<
2a X) s/ rbs ((&)
j/m fby/ tkeK ftZu mhe ((X) &) dk fBÙkB bkU L-
Ta wBh s/ eoB tZy- tZy ;e{bK ftZu gVQd/ ;B.
na eoB B/ nkgDk iBw- fdB Bj] wBkfJnk ;h.
Ja wBh B/ ;e{b ftZu o[ZyK pko/ fJZe eftsk gVQBh ;h.
;a o[ZyK dk ;kv/ ihtB ftZu e'Jh wjZst Bj].
ja wBh s/ eoB ;e{b ftZu jo/-Go/ g"d/ bkT[D rJ/.
3a j/m fby/ gqÙBK d/ d'- fszB ;soK ftZu T[Zso fdUL-
Ta eoB B/ nkgDk iBw -fdB fet/A wBkfJnk<
na wBh nkgD/ iBw -fdB ˘ b? e/ fe; soQK T[s;[e ;h<
Ja nfXnkge r[odhg ih B/ nkgD/ GkÙD ftZu o[ZyK dh eh wjZssk dZ;h<
;a wBh B/ nkgDk iBw- fdB fe; soQK wBkT[D dh ;'uh<
ja wBh d/ gkgk B/ wBh ˘ ÙkpkÙ fdzfdnK eh fejk<

44
4a j/m fby/ ÙpdK ˘ tkeK ftZu tos' L-
X{w-Xkw, gqD, ¯˜{b, rshftXh, T[s;t
5a tkeK ftZu nkJ/ ÙpdK ”u fefonk-Ùpd u[D' L-
Ta wBh dh wzwh o;'Jh ftZu ezw eodh ;h.
na w?A gkgk Bkˇ rZb eoKrh.
Ja w?A th o[ZyK pko/ fJZe eftsk gVQBh W.
;a wBh s/ eoB nkgDhnK iwksK ftZu ub/ rJ/.
ja p/;wM b'e o[ZyK ˘ eZNd/ jB.
6a Ù[ZX eo e/ fby' L-
tksktoD, e'fÙÙ, mzvhnK , ekri, gVfdnK
7a j/m fby/ Ùpd fjzdh s/ nzro/˜h ftZu th fby' L-
g≥ikph fjzdh n≥ro/˜h
G?D aaaaaaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaaaaaa
uh˜K aaaaaaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaaaaaa
w'wpZsh aaaaaaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaaaaaa
g"dk aaaaaaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaaaaaa
jok aaaaaaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaaaaaa

ouBksfwe ekoi

o[ZsK dh wjZssk ;zpzXh ftfdnkoEh nkgDh iwks ftZu ftuko-tNKdok eoB.

✻✻✻

45
 Í≈·
«Í≥‹Ω Ï≈ˆ AE

uzvhrVQ nkJ/ fe;/ ;?bkBh dh ;?o T[d'A sºe g{oh Bj] ;wMh iKdh, id'A sºe T[j fgzi"o dk pkˆ
Bj] t/ydk. fJj pkˆ uzvhrVQ s'A T[ZBh feb'whNo d{o fÙwb/ ˘ iKdh ;Ve T[Zs/ W. fJj EK jfonkD/
gqKs dhnK t/yD:'r EKtK ftZu' fJZe W. jo o'˜ ;?AeV/ b'e fJ; pkˆ ˘ t/yD nkT[Ad/ jB. S[ZNh tkˇ/
fdB sK J/E/ fit/A w/bk bZfrnk j[zdk W. ;''jD/ eZgfVnK ftZu ;i/ jo T[wo d/ b'e N'bhnK pzBQ-pzBQ fJ;
pkˆ ftZu ;?o eod/ jB.
fJj pkˆ w[ˆb pkdÙkj, n"ozr˜/p d/ ;w/A pDkfJnk frnk ;h, fJ; bJh fJ; ˘ w[ˆb pkˆ th
fejk iKdk W. ;w/A-;w/A fJj pkˆ eJh okfinK d/ nfXeko ftZu fojk. eJh tkoh T[ZifVnk -
g[ZifVnk th. nzs T[ZBQht] ;dh d/ nzs ftZu gfNnkˇ/ d/ oki/ B/ fJ; ˘ ıohd e/ w[V npkd ehsk. fJ;
pkˆ dk j[D tkˇk BK gfNnkˇ/ d/ nzfsw oki/ :kdftzdo f;zx d/ BK s/ “:kdftzdok rkovB” oZfynk
j'fJnk W. fgSb/ e[M ;kbK s'A jfonkDk ;oeko B/ fJ; pkˆ dh fyZu tXkT[D bJh pj[s fdbu;gh
bJh W. Bshi/ ti'A fJj EK J/Bh tXhnk pD rJh W fe J/E/ nk e/ w[V ikD ˘ ihn jh Bj] eodk.
pkˆ s'A ;Ve NZg e/ fgzi"o dh Broh W. fJ; dk g[okDk BK gzig[ok noEks gzi u'NhnK tkˇk
;h. fejk iKdk W fe gKvt nkgD/ d/;-fBekˇ/ ;w/A fJZE/ mfjo/ ;B.
fgzi"o pkˆ gjkVh B˜kfonK ftueko ptzik J/eV EK ftZu c?fbnk j'fJnk W. eÙwho d/
fBÙks pkˆ ns/ bkj"o d/ Ùkbhwko pkˆ ftZu fiT[A -fiT[A T[sKj uVQd/ jK sK nihp ;[zdo B˜ko/
fd;d/ jB. fgzi"o pkˆ ftZu fJ; s'A T[bN W. J/E/ E'VQ/ ¯k;b/ ”s/ fszB T[sokJhnK jB. fJ; dk tZvk
dotk˜k bzx e/ ;kjwD/ ÙhÙ- wfjb W. fJ; d/ d't/A gk;/ g"VhnK jB. e[M edw uZb e/ ozr- wfjb
nkT[Adk W ns/ T[; s'A nrKj TZ[so e/ ib- wfjb W. nıho ftZu fJZe y[ZbQh ;N/i pDh j'Jh W.
pkˆ d/ ftueko MofBnK ˘ gkDh fbiKdh fJZe S'Nh fijh Bfjo W. Bfjo d/ ezfYnK T[Zs/ ns/
ftueko E'VQh- E'VQh ftZE T[Zs/ c[jko/ bZr/ j'J/ jB. eskoK ftZu bkJ/ rJ/ fJj c[jko/ id'A uZbd/ jB sK
pj[s ;'jD/ bZrd/ jB.
ozr- wfjb d/ ;kwQD/ th soshp ftZu bkJ/ c[jko/ jB ns/ fJZE/ fJZe MoBk fvrdk W. ib-
wfjb d/ u[c/o/ th c[jko/ Sfjpo bkT[Ad/ jB. ib- wfjb d/ Bkˇ pD/ ftjV/ ftZu id'A b'e] e[o;hnK
vkj e/ B˜kok t/yd/ jB sK c[jkfonk dh jbeh c[jko ;kT[D wjhB/ d/ p[ZfbnK tKr mzYe gj[zukT[Adh
ns/ ;o;okjN g?dk eodh W.

46
 J/E'A dh ftÙ/Ù rZb J/E/ dk o'ÙBh-gqpzX W. oks t/ˇ/ MofBnK , ¯jkfonK d/ j/mK ozr-pozrhnK
pZshnK uwe TZ[mdhnK jB. uKdhozrk gkDh pj[ozrk j' iKdk W. Bfjo d/ d[gk;] okjK d/ Bkˇ
pDkJhnK xkj dhnK gZNhnK ftZu th pZshnK bZrhnK j'JhnK jB. eZNhnK j'Jhnk MkVhnK ns/
doısK dhnK NkjDhnK s/ o[ÙBkJ/ j'J/ gZs/ pj[s wBw'jD/ bZrd/ ;B. ;kok nkˇk-d[nkˇk fyV
TZ[mdk W.
j'oBK pˆhfunK ftZu ;zM g+D ;w/A id'A wZmk-wZmk jB/ok j'D bZrdk W sK nkw s"o ”s/ ;?o
eoB tkb/ xoK ˘ uZb g?Ad/ jB. J/E/ fJ; s'A T[bN, pZshnK irdhnK t/yD dh ukj ftZu fiTA[-fiT[A
fdB Yˇdk W, ;?bkBh tjhoK xZsh nkT[Ad/ jB.
fJ; pkˆ d/ u[c/o/ fJZe T[Zuh uko-fdtkoh W. nZi s'A e[M ;wK gfjbK sZe fJ; d/ nzdotko fJZe
gZe/ okj T[Zs/ E'VQh- E'VQh ftZE ”s/ pD/ fgzifonK ftZu GKs-GKs d/ gzSh ns/ izrˇh ikBto gkˇ/ j'J/
;B. pZfunK bJh fJj tZvh fyZu tkˇh uh˜ ;h. fijV/ ikBtoK ns/ gzShnK pko/ T[j nkgDhnK
feskpK ftZu gVQd/ jB, T[j J/E/ t/yD ˘ fwˇd/ ;B, fit/A∏ frZdV, foZS, b{zpVh, pKdo, bzr{o, jz;,
pseK, ;ko;, gjkVh w[oˆ/, T[Zb{, ep{so, pN/o/, s's/, ozr-pozrhnK fuVhnK, fuZN/ u{j/ nkfd. fJjBK
ftZu gzShnK s/ ikBtoK dhnK eJh fe;wK ;B.
eJh iht d{o-d[okv/ fJbkfenK d/ tk;h ;B. gotk;h gzSh th ;B i' gzikp ftZu fe;/ fJZe o[Zs
ftZu jh t/yD ˘ fwˇd/ jB. fgzifonK ftZu fJjBK ihtK d/ xo T[jBK d/ izrˇK s/ gjkVK ftZu pD/
e[dosh xoK tKr jh pDkJ/ rJ/ ;B. j[D fJj ikBto ns/ gzSh fe;/ ekoB fJZE'A jNk fdZs/ rJ/ jB.
fJ; pkˆ ftZu ;?bkBhnK d/ ykD-ghD ns/ ofjD dk th gqpzX W. pkˆ d/ pkjo ;iktN tkˇhnK
ns/ j'o uh˜K dhnK d[ekBK jB.
nfGnk;
1a pj[ftebgh gqÙB L-

Ta fgzi"o pkˆ feZE/ ;fEs W <

(T) uzvhrVQ fty/ (n) ekbek fty/ (J) fgzi"o fty/.
na fJ; pkˆ dk B{z fe; B/ pDkfJnk ;h <
(T) w[ˆb pkdÙkj B/ (n) jfonkDk ;oeko B/ (J) :kdftzdo f;zx B/
Ja fJ; pkˆ ftZu fezB/ wfjbK dk f˜eo W <
(T) fJZe (n) d' (J) fszB
;a fg≥i"o pkˆ fty/ gzShnK ns/ ikBtoK Bz{ fet/A oZfynk frnk ;h<
(T) ewfonK ftZu (n) fgzifonK ftZu (J) y[ZbP/ SZfvnk j'fJnk ;h?.

47
2a S'N/ T[ZsoK tkˇ/ gqÙB L-
Ta fgzi"o pkˆ dk d{ik BK eh W<
na fgzi"o pkˆ dk g[okDk BK eh W<
Ja fgzi"o pkˆ dh ık; rZb fejVh W<
;a pkˆ ftZu nfijh fejVh uh˜ W, i' pZfunK bJh fyZu dk ekoB pDdh W<
ja fgzi"o pkˆ ftZu fejV/ -fejV/ ikBto ns/ gzSh j[zd/ ;B<
3a ;zy/g T[ZsoK tkˇ/ gqÙB L-
Ta fgzi"o pkˆ feT[A gqf;ZX W<
na fgzi"o pkˆ dk BK :kdftzdok rkovB feT[A oZfynk frnk<
Ja nkw pkˆK Bkb'A fgzi"o pkˆ fejVhnK rZbK ftZu tZyok W<
;a id'A jB/ok j[zdk W sK ;?bkBh pkˆ tZb feT[A uZb g?Ad/ jB<
ja fgzi"o pkˆ dh ;[zdosk ftZu tkXk eoB tkˇhnK w[Zy rZbK fejVhnK jB<
4a tkeK ftZu tos' L-
soshp, c[jko/, gotk;h gzSh, ;'jDk, nfXeko
5a ıkbh EKtK Go' L-
;?bkBh,d{o-d[okv/, fyV, ;[zdosk, ozr-pozr/,
Ta fJ; pkˆ dhaaaaaaa˘ uko uzB bkT[D tkˇhnK eJh uh˜K jB.
na pkˆ ftZuaaaaaaac[ZbK tkˇ/ p{N/ jB.
Ja jB/ok j'D ”s/aaaaaapkˆ tZb uZb g?Ad/ jB.
;a ;kok nkˇk-d[nkˇk HHHHHHHHHHHH T[Zmdk j?.
ja eJh ihtaaaaaaaafJbkfenK d/ tk;h jB.
6a j/m fby/ ÙpdK d/ fjzdh, nzro/˜h Ùpd fby'L
gzikph fjzdh nzro/˜h
EKtK aaaaaaaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
e[dosh aaaaaaaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
Bshi/ ti'A aaaaaaaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
e[o;h aaaaaaaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
7a fto'Xh Ùpd fby' L-
jB/ok, fdB, n;bh, iBw, ew˜'o
8a Ù[ZX eo e/ fby' L-
go;hX, S?jpo, ;bkBh, B?jo, gqtk;h, pZsyK

ftfdnkoEhnK bJh

nkgDh iwks d/ nfXnkge ih ˘ gkm ftub∆ nfijh fe;/ EK ”s/ fbikD bJh ej'.

48
 Ó‘≈È «¬È’Ò≈Ï∆∏ Í≈·
AF
√πÌ≈Ù ⁄øÁ ÏØ√
Gkos d/ ;[szsosk-;zrokw ftZu fiBQK ;{ophoK B/ p/fw;kb :'rdkB gkfJnk, T[jBK ftZu B/sk ih
;[GkÙ uzdo p'; dk BK th fJZe ukBD-w[Bko/ dh soQK o'ÙB W. ;[GkÙ uzdo p'; dk BK d/; -GrsK dhnK
nkT[AdhnK ghVQhnK bJh fjzws, j";b/ ns/ e[opkBh eoe/ gq/oBk-;q's pfDnk oj/rk.
Gkos d/ fJ; wjkB ;g{s dk iBw UfVÙk gqd/Ù d/ eNe Ùfjo ftZu 23 iBtoh, 1897 ˘
j'fJnk. ikBeh p'; d/ 14 pZfunK ftZu'A ;[GkÙ S/tK pZuk ;h. nkgD/ fgZsoh Bro, eNe fty/ jh ;[GkÙ
B/ d;t] gk; ehsh. nfXnkge p/Bh wkXt dk; d/ ihtB dhnK T[Zsw B?fse ehwsK dh/ uzr/
;dkukfoe ihtB rqfjD eoB d/ T[gd/ÙK B/ ;[GkÙ uzdo T[Zgo u'yk gqGkt gkfJnk.

d;t] s'A pknd ;[GkÙ uzdo gq?˜hv?A;h ekbi, e'beksk fty/ dkıb j' frnk. fJZe fdB id
g'q¯?;o n?vtov nA?¯a UNB B/ Gkosh b'eK pko/ pV/ ngwkBiBe Ùpd tos/ sK ;[GkÙ B/ T[; ˘ p[oh
soQK eZN ;[ZfNnk, fi; eoe/ T[; ˘ ekbi ftZu'A eZY fdZsk frnk go nrb/ jh ;kb 1917 JhL ftZu
d[pkok dkıb eo fbnk frnk. fJ; T[dkjoB s'A ;fji/ jh gsk bZr iKdk W fe ;[GkÙ uzdo nzdo
nDy ns/ d/;-Grsh fe; jZd se e[ZN-e[ZN e/ Goh j'Jh ;h. ;[GkÙ B/ nkBo˜ -fJB -f¯bk;¯h b? e/
gfjb/ doi/ ftZu phaJ/a ehsh ns/ T[u/oh f;Zfynk bJh 1919 JhL ftZu T[j fJzrb?Av ubk frnk. T[ZE/

49
gj[zu e/ nZmK wjhfBnK d/ E'VQ/ ;w/A ftZu jh T[; B/ “fJzvhnB f;tb ;oft;˜” dk fJwfsjkB gk; eo
fbnk ns/ ;cb T[whdtkoK ftZu'A u"Ek ;EkB gqkgs ehsk.
fJjB] fdB] Gkos fty/ b'ewkfBnk fsbe, wjkswk rKXh ns/ d/ÙpzX{ fusoziB dk;,
;[szsosk-;zxoÙ dh g{o/ i'Ù Bkˇ nrtkJh eo oj/ ;B. ;[GkÙ uzdo p'; d/ Gkte wB T[Zs/ fJ; dk
n;o j'Dk bk˜wh ;h. fJ; bJh T[; B/ ;[szsosk-;zxoÙ ftZu Ùkwb j'D bJh 1921 JhL
ftZu“fJzvhnB f;tb ;oft;˜” ftZu'A jh fsnkr-gZso d/ fdZsk ns/ Gkos tkg; nk e/ ;[szsosk-
;zrokw ftZu Ùkwb j' frnk.
;[GkÙ uzdo dhnK ;orowhnK B/ ;[szsosk-bfjo ftZu fJZe Bt] o{j c{e fdZsh. T[; B/ pzrkb
d/ B"itkBK ˘ tzrko fdZsh fe T[j T[; ;w/A sºe nokw Bkˇ Bk p?mD, id se fe Gkos -G{wh n˜kd
Bj] j' iKdh. nkgDh fsZyh ;{M ns/ d{o-nzd/Ùh ;dek T[j e'besk ekog'o/ÙB fty/ 27 ;kb dh T[wo
ftZu jh w[Zy ekoiekoh n¯;o fB:[es j'fJnk s/ 1929 JhL ftZu wdok; ftZu eKro; d/ ;?ZÙB fty/
itkjo bkb Bfjo{ Bkˇ iBob ;eZso pD frnk. J/;/ jh ;kb eKro; B/ nzro/˜h oki s'A ;zg{oB
n˜kdh gqkgs eoB ˘ nkgDk w[Zy Nhuk fwfEnk. nkgDh nN[ZN fwjBs ns/ brB ;dek ;[GkÙ
uzdo pVh s/˜h Bkb B"itkBK dk jh Bj] pbfe nkw b'eK dk th BkfJe pD frnk. d' tko T[j
eKro; dk gqXkB th u[fDnk frnk.
T[; ˘ nB/eK tko e?d sK ehsk jh frnk go fi; j[fÙnkoh Bkˇ T[j nkgD/ iZdh xo 38
n?brB o'v, e'beksk s'A g[fb; dh ;ıs B˜opzdh ”u'A fBeˇ e/ pofbB gj[zfunk, T[j nkgD/ -nkg
ftZu fJZe pVh fdbu;g xNBk W. pofbB s'A igkBh gD- v[Zph d[nkok B/sk ih f;zxkg[o gj[zu/
fiZE/ T[jBK B/ iBob w'jB f;zx d[nkok ;Ekfgs “fJzvhnB B?ÙBb nkowh” ˘ “n˜kd fjzd ¯"i” d/ BK
EZb/ w[V iE/pzd ehsk ns/ 21 nes{po, 1943 JhL ˘ “n˜kd fjzd” dh nko˜h ;oeko dh ;EkgBk dk
n?bkB eo fdZsk.
“n˜kd fjzd ¯"i” dk T[d/Ù igkBhnK Bkˇ ob e/ Gkos ˘ nzro/˜K s'A n˜kd eotkT[Dk ;h go
igkB dh jko ekoB fJj :'iBk f;o/ Bk uVQ ;eh ns/ B/sk ih ˘ nkgD/ pukn bJh ckow{;k ikDk
fgnk fiZE/ skJhj'e{ jtkJh nZv/ ”s/ jtkJh ijk˜ d/ T[vkD GoB ;w/A ijk˜ ˘ nZr bZr ikD ekoB
B/sk ih 18 nr;s,1945 JhL ˘ gob'e-rwB eo rJ/.
Gkt/A B/sk ih Gkos ˘ ;[szso Bk d/y ;e/ go fijVh db/oh, e[opkBh, i'Ù ns/ ikrosh dh
i[nkbk T[jBK Gkosh b'eK nzdo o'ÙB ehsh, T[j fJZe wjkB gqkgsh ;h. e'beksk ftZu B/sk ih d/
iZdh xo ˘ ““B/sk ih fo;ou fJz;NhfuT{N”” ftZu spdhb eo fdZsk frnk W s/ J/E/ T[jBK tZb'A tosh
rJh jo S'Nh-tZvh uh˜ pVh uzrh soQK ;zGkˇ e/ oZyh rJh W.
50
 nfGnk;
pj[ftebgh gqÙB L-
1a ;[GkÙ uzdo p'; dk iBw fe; gqKs ftZu j'fJnk<
(T) gzikp ftZu (n) e/ob ftZu (J) UfVÙk ftZu
2a fe; dk gqGkt ;[GkÙ uzdo p'; dh f˜zdrh ”s/ u'yk fgnk<
(T) Grs f;zx dk (n) nfXnkge p/Bh wkXt dk; dk (J) eosko f;zx ;okGk ih dk
3a ;[GkÙ uzdo p'; fezBh tko eKro; d/ gqXkB u[D/ rJ/<
(T) fJZe tko (n) fszB tko (J) d' tko
4a ;[GkÙ uzdo p''; B/ “fJzvhnB B?ÙBb nkowh” ˘ fe; BK EZb/ w[V iE/pzd ehsk<
(T) fjzd ¯"i (n) n˜kd ¯"i (J) n˜kd fjzd ¯"i
5a ;[GkÙ uzdo p'; ih gob'e-rwB fet/A eo rJ/<
(T) e[dosh w"s (n) cK;h uVQkT[D Bkˇ (J) ijk˜ ˘ nZr bZr ikD ekoB
2a j/m fby/ gqÙBK d/ d'-fszB ;soK ftZu T[Zso fdU L-
1a ;[GkÙ uzdo p'; dk iBw ed'A j'fJnk<
2a ;[GkÙ uzdo p'; nzdo nDy s/ d/;-Grsh dh GktBk fet/A Goh j'Jh ;h, nkgD/ ÙpdK
ftZu fby'.
3a ;[GkÙ uzdo p'; B/ ;[szsosk bfjo∏ ftZu fJZe Bt] o{j fet/A c{eh<
4a ;[GkÙ uzdo p'; pofbB fet/A gj[zu/<
5a B/sk ih ;[GkÙ uzdo p'; dh :kd ˘ fet/A ;KfGnk j'fJnk W<
3a ıkbh EKtK Go'L-
skJhj'e{, B"itkBK, f;zxkg[o, fJzvhnB f;tb ;oft;˜, e'beksk
1a T[; B/ pzrkb d/ aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa˘ tzrko fdZsh.
2a pofbB s'A igkBh gD- v[Zph d[nkok B/sk ihaaaaaaaagjz[u/.
3a aaaaaaaaajtkJh nZv/ s'A jtkJh ijk˜ d/ T[vkD GoB ;w/A ijk˜ ˘ nZr bZr rJh.
4a B/sk ih dk iZdh xoaaaaaaaaaafty/ W.
5a B/sk ih B/aaaaaaaaaaaaadk fJwfsjkB gk; ehsk.

51
4a j/mK fdZs/ ÙpdK ˘ fjzdh s/ nzro/˜h ftZu fby'L
g≥ikph fjzdh n≥ro/˜h
;[szsosk aaaaaaaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
nZr aaaaaaaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
e[opkBh aaaaaaaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
fdbu;g aaaaaaaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
Gkos aaaaaaaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
5a tkeK ftZu tos' L-
;{opho, g/qoBk-;q's, tzrko, f;o/ Bk uVQBk, iE/pzd
6a j/m fby/ tkeK ftZu'A gVBKt u[D'L
1a T[; ˘ nB/eK tko e?d ehsk frnk.
2a d' tko T[j eKro; dk gqXkB th u[fDnk frnk.
3a T[j nkgD/-nkg ftZu pVh fdbu;g xNBk W.
4a T[; B/ pzrkb d/ B"itkBK ˘ tzrko fdZsh.
5a T[u/oh f;Zfynk bJh T[j 1919 JhL ftZu fJzrb?Av ubk frnk.

ouBksfwe ekoi

fe;/ j'o d/;-Grs pko/ th nkgD/ ÙpdK ftZu 10 ;soK fby'.

✻✻✻

52
 ‹≈Úª ؘ √’±Ò ˘ Í≈·
AG

iktK o'˜ ;e{b ˘, w?A p;sk cV e/.

;/tk eoBh d/; dh, w?A ftZfdnk gVQ e/.
;G s'A gfjbK T[Zm e/, w?A o'˜ BjktK.
b/N ed/ Bk jA'tdk, fBZs T[ZmK sVe/,
T[; s'A fgZS'A nkgDh, w?A todh gktK.
/ iktK o'˜ ;e{baaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa.

;kok ezw ;e{b dk, th eoe/ iktK .

fwZmk-fwZmk p'b e/ , w?A wfje fyzvktK.
;G ˘ eoK fgnko, w?A eh b?Dk bV e/.
iktK o'˜ ;e{baaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa.

fiZE/ j't/ p?mDk, w?A eoK ;¯kJh.

;'jDh-;'jDh ekghnK ”s/ eoK fbykJh.
w'sh tKrz{ nZyoK, ˘ fbyK w?A iV e/ .
iktK o'˜ ;e{baaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa.

;k˘ fJj nfXnkgeK, B/ rZb f;ykJh.

fwjBs B/ jh f˜zdrh, W ;¯b pDkJh.
fwjBsh pzdk p?mdk, W e[o;h uVQ e/.
iktK o'˜ ;e{b ˘, w?A p;sk cV e/ .

53
 nfGnk;
1a j/m fby/ gqÙBK d/ T[Zso fby' L
(T) ;t/o/ T[Zm e/ ;G s'A gfjbK pZuk eh ezw eodk W<
(n) ftZfdnk gVQ e/ n;] eh eoBk W<
(J) ;cb j'D bJh eh eoBk g?Adk W<
(;) pZuk ;e{b ˘ eh b? e/ iKdk W<
2a ekft-;soK g{ohnK eo' L
(T) fiZE/ j't/ p?mDk, w?A eoK ;¯kJh.
aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa.
(n) ;k˘ fJj nfXnkgeK, B/ rZb f;ykJh.
aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa.
3a ;jh ftebg u[D'L
(T) d/; dh ;/tk bJh fejVk ezw ˜o{oh W<
(e) ftjb/ p?mDk (y) gVQBk (r) bVBk
(n) ;k˘ p'bDk ukjhdk W.
(e) e"Vk (y) fcZek (r) fwZmk
(J) e[o;h ”s/ p?mdk WL
(e) fwjBsh (y) ftjbV (r) ezwu'o
(;) ekgh ”s/ fbyDk ukjhdk WL
(e) ekjˇh-ekjˇh (y) ;'jDk-;'jDk (r) S/sh-S/sh
(j) n;] ;e{b iKd/ jKL
(e) Bt/A eZgV/ gk e/ (y) todh gk e/ (r) ozr-pozr/ eZgV/ gk e/
4a tke pDkUL
p;sk, todh, wfje, fwjBs, f˜zdrhl cV e/
5a fJZe'-fij/ s[eKs tkˇ/ j'o Ùpd-i'V/ u[D'L
BjktK aaaaaaaaaa
iktK aaaaaaaaa
;¯kJh aaaaaaaaa
f;ykJh aaaaaaaaa
cV e/ aaaaaaaaaa

54
 fwbk eo'L
6a ;jh fwbkD
BKt - y/vDk
gVBKt - fwZmk p'bDk
ftÙ/ÙD - nfXnkge
fefonk - T[j
fefonk-ftÙ/ÙD - ;'jDk

ouBksfwe ekoi
(T) nkgD/ ;e{b pko/ 10 ;soK fby'.
(n) uzr/ pZu/ dhnK 5 nkdsK fby'.

✻✻✻

55
 Í≈·
AH È’Ò ’Ø Í ’∆‘Á∆?
w[Zy nfXnkge ih B/ ;kb d/ gfjb/ jh fdB ;t/o dh ;Gk ftZu fejk,““w?A s[jkBz{ g≥i
T[dkjoBK fdzdk jK fXnkB Bkˇ ;[DBk, fco nkgDh rZb dZ;Krk.””
gfjbhL
““sz{ J/B/ ;'jD/ c[be/ fet/A bkj b?Adh J/A< r'ˇ-r'ˇ fit/A vqkfJzr dh gqeko Bkˇ pDkJ/ j'D.
gsb/-gsb/, Bk fes/ nkNk pj[sk s/ Bk xZN. Bk fes'A eZu/ s/ Bk pj[s/ oVQ/ j'J/. fet/A f;Zy/ sz{<”” gqekÙ
d/ pDkJ/ ykD/ dh f;¯s j' ojh ;h.
T[; fejk, ““ gfjbK nkgDh dkdh ih s/ fco wK ih Bz{ c[be/ pDkT[AfdnK t/y e/. ””
““T[jBK dh Beb eo e/<”” fe;/ B/ ftZu'A g[ZfSnk.
““nkj', Beb eo e/ s/ Bkˇ/ neb tos e/. w?A t/ydh, T[j g/Vk S'Nk oZyd/. fco ;fji Bkˇ
t/bd/. u[ZbQ/ dh nZr wZmh oZyd/ jB. j[D sK w/oh wK efjzdh j? fe w?A T[; s'A th uzrh o'Nh pDk b?Adh
jK.””

““mhe j? GkJh, fJzR jh f;Zyhd?. d{finK Bz{ ezw eofdnK BhM Bkˇ sZeDk s/ fco ohM Bkˇ
nkg eoBk. ÙkpkÙ/ s/o/\””
““fJj f;ybkJh-e/Ado sK j[D y[ZbQ/ jB. gfjbK d{finK Bz{ uzrk ezw eofdnK t/y e/, ikD'
T[jBK dh Beb eofdnK-eofdnK f;Zfynk iKdk ;h. fgsk e'ˇ'A g[Zs, wK e'ˇ'A Xh, T[;skd e'ˇ'A
f;yKdo{.”” fJj fe;/ f;nkDh d/ p'b ;B.
56
d{ihL
ethÙoh-rkfJB w[ekpb/ ftZu ohsfJzdo dh Nhw ¯;N nkJh. ohsfJzdo Bz{ g[ZfSnk
frnk,““sz{ feZE'A f;Zy/, ethÙoh d/ r[o<””
T[; B/ nkfynk,““w?A T[Zx/ ethÙoK Bz{ ;[Ddh ofjzdh jK. Gkt/A fJj gq'rqkw Nhatha T[Zs/ j't/,
o/vhU T[Zs/ iK fe;/ fdtkB ftZu. T[j ;N/i T[Zs/ fet/A Go';/ Bkˇ yb'Ad/ jB, fet/A nkg;h skb-w/b
oZyd/ jB. T[jBK dh ntk˜ dh skes ns/ fJ; T[Zs/ b[VhAdk ekp{. fJj'-fijhnK fezBhnK jh rZbK w?A
gZb/ pzBQ b?Adh jK. w/ok wsbp j?, w?A T[jBK d/ j[Bo Bz{ rqfjD eoB dk isB eodh jK. T[j w/o/ ;kjwD/
ethÙoh d/ Bw{B/ j[zd/ jB. T[jBK dh Beb eoBk w?Bz{ uzrk bZrdk j?. fco ;kvh Nhw ftZu ethÙoh dk
nkgDk ozr TZ[Godk j?.””
fJj ;[D, ;kfonK B/ skVhnK wkohnK.
shih L
fe;/ b/ye B/ fejk fe w/oh ohM uzr/ s'A uzrk fby ;eD dh ;h. ;', w?A uzr/ s'A uzr/ b/yeK dhnK
feskpK gVQdk. fXnkB eodk fe T[j J/Bk uzrk fet/A fbyd/ jB< fe;/ e'ˇ Ùpd-Gzvko pj[s ;h.
fe;/ Bz{ rZb eoB dh nB'yh iku ;h. eJhnK d/ ftuko Bt/A j[zd/. w?A T[jBK dh oh; Gkt Beb eoB dk
isB eodk. id'A w?A nkg fbyD bZrdk sK T[j fpbe[b tZyok s/ ;'jDk j[zdk go fJj wjkB b/yeK
dhnK T[jBK uzrhnK g[;seK dh ;zrs eoe/ jh j[zdk.
u"EhL
w/oh fbykJh gfjbK ;'jDh BjhA ;h j[zdh. fco w?A ;'jDh fbykJh d/ Bw{B/ t/ydk. fe;/ nZyo Bz{
T[t/A gkT[D dk w?A isB eodk , fit/A ;'jDk fbyD tkˇ/ B/ gkfJnk j[zdk. fJ; soQK w/oh fbykJh ;[zdo
j'D bZrh. fco sK s/˜ fbyfdnK th w/oh fbykJh ;'jDh j'D bZrh. j[D sK w?Bz{ nkg fbyfdnK vkYh
ı[Ùh fwˇdh j?. w/o/ fby/ Bz{ t/y e/ jo e'Jh gq;zB jz[dk j?.
gzithA L
;z;ko-gqf;ZX GbtkB eosko f;zx dh ihtBh, w?A fgZS/ fij/ gVQh. T[; ftZu eosko f;zx B/
fJZe pV/ gs/ dh rZb nkyh. T[; B/ fejk, ““n;b ”u w?A jo EK s'A, jo GbtkB s'A jo t/ˇ/ e[M Bk e[M
f;ZyD tZb fXnkB d/Adk nkfJnk jK. fi; s'A th w?A e[M f;Zfynk j?, T[j jh w/ok r[o{ j?.”” fJj ihtBh
gqf;ZX ejkDheko tfonkw f;zx ;zX{ B/ fbyh j?. ;zX{ dh fbyD-ebk th ewkb dh j?, oh; eoB tkˇh,
Beb eoB tkˇh,id'A w"ek fwˇ/ e'Jh gVQ/, fJ; Bz{.
w[Zy nfXnkge ih fJj T[dkjoBK d/ e/ e[M fuo bJh u[Zg oj/. fco efjD bZr/ fe e'Jh
ftfdnkoEh dZ;/ fe fJjBK T[dkjoBK s'A eh ;kps j[zdk j?<
57
 d;thA iwks d/ joshoE B/ jZE yVQk ehsk. T[j pj[s ;wMdko ftfdnkoEh ;h. T[; B/ fejk,
““ih, fJj' fe jw/ÙK uzrhnK rZbK dh Beb eo'. uzr/ pzfdnK dh Beb eo'. nfijh Beb eoBh wkVh
BjhA, ;r'A uzrh j?.””
““ÙkpkÙ\ joshoE\ sz{ mhe fejk j?. gohfynk ftZu Beb eoBh mhe BjhA. fJwfsjkB d/D
t/ˇ/ fwfˇnk tes nkgDh neb tosD bJh j[zdk j?∏ fuZs fJekro eo e/ i' gqÙB g[ZfSnk frnk
j?, T[; dk ;jh T[Zso fbyD dk isB eoBk. fJZXo-T[ZXo MkeD Bkˇ i' nkg gfVQnk j[zdk j?, T[j th
G[ZbD bZrdk j?.””
fco w[Zy nfXnkge ih B/ fejk,““ nZi gVQkJh d/ ;kb dk gfjbk fdB j?. ;G B/ ı{p fwjBs
eoBh j?. fJwfsjkB ftZu Beb eoB pko/ ;'uDk th BjhA j?. fco s[jkv/ fijk e'Jh BjhA j't/rk. ;kvk
;e{b j'o ;e{bK bJh fJZe fw;kb pD/rk.””
fco fezBh d/o skVhnK Bkˇ ;t/o dh ;Gk rz{idh ojh.

nfGnk;
1a pj[ftebgh gqÙBL
1a w[Zy nfXnkge ih B/ ;t/o dh ;Gk ftZu fezBhnK T[dkjoBK fdZshnK<
(T) fJZe (n) fszB (J) gzi
2a gfjbK gqekÙ B/ ;'jD/ c[be/ pDkT[AfdnK fe; Bz{ d/fynk<
(T) wkwh Bz{ (n) dkdh Bz{ (J) ohsfJzdo Bz{.
3a uzr/ ethÙoK dh fejVh rZb uzrh bZrdh ;h<
(T) T[jBK Bz{ ;[DBk (n) d/yDk (J) T[jBK dh Beb eoBk.
4a ;z;ko-gqf;ZX GbtkB fejVk ;h<
(T) tfonkw f;zx ;zX{ (n) eosko f;zx (J) joshoE.
5a w[Zy nfXnkge ih B/ ftfdnkoEhnK Bz{ fe; rZb s'A tofink<
(T) fJZXo-T[ZXo MkeD s'A (n) fJwfsjkB d/D s'A (J) Beb eoB s'A.
2a S'N/ T[ZsoK tkˇ/ gqÙBL-
1a ohsfJzdo B/ ethÙoh d/ r[D feZE'A f;Zy/ ;B<
2a T[dkjoB Bzpo fszB ftZu b/ye dh eh o[uh ;h<
3a ;z;ko-gqf;ZX GbtkB dk eh BK ;h<
4a eosko f;zx dh ihtBh fe; ejkDheko B/ fbyh j?<

58
3a ;zy/g T[ZsoK tkˇ/ gqÙB L
1a n;] ezw eoBk fet/A f;Zy ;ed/ jK<
2a ohsfJzdo dh Nhw ¯;N nkT[D dk eh ekoB ;h<
3a b/ye B/ nkgDh fbykJh fet/A ;[zdo pDkJh ;h<
4a tfonkw f;zx ;zX{ dh fbyD dh ebk fej'-fijh ;h<
5a w[Zy nfXnkge ih dh fejVh rZb ”s/ ;t/o dh ;Gk skVhnK Bkˇ rz{i T[Zmh<
4a tkeK ftZu tos'L
BhM Bkˇ sZeDk, f;yKdo{, skb-w/b, oh;, fwjBs,
5 ıkbh EKtK Go'L
BhM Bkˇ, j[Bo, ;zrs, ;[zdo, ewkb.
1a w?A nkgDh dkdh Bz{ ezw eodh Bz{ aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaad/ydh ofjzdh.
2a uzr/ b'eK d/ aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaBz{ rqfjD eoBk ukjhdk j?.
3a uzrhnK g[;seK dh aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaeo'.
4a w/oh fbykJh pj[s aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaj?.
5a b/ye dh fbyD- ebk pj[s aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaadh ;h.
6 j/mK fdZs/ ÙpdK B{z fjzdh ns/ nzro/˜h ftZu fby' L
gzikph fjzdh nzro/˜h
Nhw aaaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaaa
;[zdo aaaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaaa
eth aaaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaaa
nfXnkge aaaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaaa
ftfdnkoEh aaaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaaa
;e{b aaaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaaa
7 fto'Xh Ùpd L
T[;skd, ;tor, ;[zdo, ;cb, bkfJe

59
8 fJetuB $ pj[tuB pDkU L
eth, ftfdnkoEh, bVeh, wkg/, skVh

nfXnkge bJh
nfXnkge ftfdnkoEhnK Bz{ ;[zdo fbyD dk nfGnk; eotkJ/rk.

✻✻✻

60
 Í≈·
Ì≈ Á≈ Ò≈Ò AI

gkso
oDpho L pZfunK dh wK
ÙwÙ/o L oDpho dk g[Zso
fBowb L oDpho dh Xh
wkwk L u'o
EkD/dko L
f;gkjh L
;wK L
tes L ;t/o t/ˇk
fdqÙ L fdZbh Ùfjo dh fJZe rˇh ftZu ;XkoB wekB dk fJZe ewok fi; dk p{jk
rˇh ftZu y[ZbQdk j?. fgSb/ ewo/ dk e/tb dotk˜k jh fdykJh fdzdk j?.
godk T[ZmD ;w/A g?Ash e[ ;kbK dh fJZe rzGho s/ gqGktÙkbh fJ;soh oDpho nzrhmh T[Zs/ gJh
fJZe c'N' Bz{ nkgD/ ;¯?d d[gZN/ Bkˇ gz{M-;[nko e/ nkdo Bkˇ oZydh j?. gzdoQK e[ ;kbK dk T[; dk g[Zso
ÙwÙ/o ns/ ;ZsK tfoQnK dh Xh, fBowb ;fseko Bkˇ f;o M[ekT[Ad/ jB. c'N' fJZe ¯"ih n¯;o dh j?.

oDpho L Ù/o/! sz{ X{g X[yk, w?A c[ZbK dk jko b? e/ j[D/ nkJh.
ÙwÙ/o L wksk ih, jko w?A BZ; e/ b? nkT[Adk jK, s[;hA feZE/ n?Bh d{o ikUr/<
oDpho L BjhA, w?A jh iKdh jK. Bkˇ/ r[od[nko/ wZEk N/e nktKrh, j[D/ nkJh. Ù/o/! xo dk
fXnkB oZyhA. e[zvk bk b?. (pkjo tZb Mkedh j'Jh) rˇh ;[zB-w;z[Bh gJh J/.
ıpo/ ;ko/ 26 iBtoh d/ iÙB d/yD ub/ rJ/.
fBowb L wksk ih, n;hA th MkehnK d/yDhnK B/.
ÙwÙ/o L fgSb/ ;kb tKr i/ r[zw j' rJ/, c/o<
oDpho L Ùkw Bz{ ˜o{o uZbKr/. Bkˇ/ o'ÙBh d/yKr/, Ù/o/! fXnkB oZyhA. s?Bz{ d[pkok u/sk
eoKdh jK fe e[zvh bk bJhA.
ÙwÙ/o L wksk ih, f¯eo Bk eo', J/E/ e'Jh u'o BjhA nkT[Adk.
fBowb L tho, u'o feZdK d/ j[zd/ B/<
ÙwÙ/o L (Ùokos Bkˇ w[;eokT[Adk j'fJnK) u'o d/ d' f;zr, u"Vk wz{j, bkb nZyK j[zdhnK
B/.
fBowb L jkJ/! w?Bz{ sK vo bZrD bZr fgnk.
61
ÙwÙ/o L pVh vog'e J/A ! i/ u'o nkfJnk sK w?A T[j˘ pzd{e Bkb T[vk d/T{A.
fBowb L f;gkjh fJjBK u'oK ˘ feT[A BjhA cVd/ <
ÙwÙ/o L ;kv/ fgsk ih fJjBK u'oK, vke{nK ˘ cVd/ j'J/ jh sK eÙwho ftZu ˜ıwh
j'J/ ;B .
fBowb L (GohnK nZyK Bkˇ) ed'A nkT[Dr/ fgsk ih<
ÙwÙ/o L G'ˇh! T[j j[D BjhA nkT[Dr/.
fBowb L j{z ! wksk ih efjzd/ B/ nkT[D tkˇ/ B/, j;gskb ftZu B/.
ÙwÙ/o L s{z ni/ pZuh J/A, s/ok fdb oZyD bJh T[jBK rZb pDkJh J/.
fBowb L M{mk !
(fJZe nkdwh nzdo Mkedk j?. fBowb vo e/ ÙwÙ/o d/ Bkˇ bZr iKdh j?.)
ÙwÙ/o L eh rZb j?, ;qhwkB ih<
ftnesh L p/Nk! s/oh wksk ih dk fenk Bkw j? <
ÙwÙ/o L (wkD Bkˇ) ;qhwsh oDpho e"o.
ftnesh L j?A ! oDpho e"o ! (y[Ùh gqrN eodk j'fJnk) s/o/ fgsk ih <
ÙwÙ/o L ;{p/dko noiB f;zx, fgSb/ ;kˇ eÙwho dh bVkJh ftZu HHHHHHHHHH

ftnesh L (ÙwÙ/o Bz{ x[ZN e/ iZch ftZu b?Adk j'fJnk) pZ;- pZ;, w?A fNekD/ g[Zi frnk.
p/Nh! feT[A vodh j?A< nk w/o/ e'ˇ. G?D oDpho feZE/ j?<
;wÙ/o L eh s[;hA ;kv/ wkwk ih j'<
fBowb L (vo s'A ofjs) nzeb ih, fJZE/ p?m'.
ÙwÙ/o L wkwk ih! s[;hA ed'A nkJ/ j'<
ftnesh L p/Nk! w?A nZi jh wbkfJnk s'A nkfJnk jK. pVh w[Ùeb Bkˇ xo bZGk j?. w?Bz{
n?Bk jh gsk ;h, s[;hA eo'b pkˆ ftZu ofjzd/ j'.
ÙwÙ/o L go ;kv/ wkwk ih sK n¯ohek ftZu ofjzd/ B/.
wkwk L w?A n¯ohek s'A nkT[Adk j'fJnk eZ[M fdB wbkfJnk mfjo frnk ;K.
ÙwÙ/o L wkwk ih, n¯ohek feZXo s/ wbkfJnk feZXo! s[;hA G{r'b BjhA gfVQnk
bZrdk.
fBowb L tho! w?A BefÙnK tkˇh ekgh fbnktK<
ÙwÙ/o L BjhA G?D, w?A sK wkwk ih Bz{ wy"b ehsk J/. fJj mhe efjzd/ B/. n¯ohek
tkˇk ijk˜ f;zxkg[o'A j' e/ e'beksk g[Zidk j?.
62
wkwk L G?D ih feZE/ rJ/ j'J/ B/<
ÙwÙ/o L s[jkBz{ okj ftZu BjhA fwˇ/< j[D/ sK pkjo fBeˇ/ B/. s[;hA p˜ko tZb'A sK nkJ/
U.
wkwk L n;b ftZu w?A fuo fgZS'A nkfJnk jK, G?D B/ w?Bz{ BjhA gSkfDnk j'Dk. w/ok
fXnkB sK xo bZGD tZb ;h.
ÙwÙ/o L wkwk ih, fJj nN?uh oZy fdU. nokw Bkˇ p?m'. dZ;', eh ;/tk eohJ/l ukj
pDkJhJ/<
fBowb L w?A fp;e[N fbnktK< wkwk ih, n;hA eZbQ jh pDkJ/ B/.
wkwk L BjhA, w?A ;N/ÙB ”s/ yk-gh e/ nkfJnk jK. (nN?uh y'bQ e/) nkj d/y', w?A s[jkv/
bJh tb?sh fyv"D/ fbnkfJnK.
fBowb L (fJZe fyv"Dk cV e/) tho, fJZdK dk fyv"Dk UdD eBkN-gb/; d/fynk ;h Bk<
ÙwÙ/o L jK-jK, fpbe[b fJj'-fijk ;h.
wkwk L s[;hA fJjBK Bkˇ y/v'.
ÙwÙ/o L wkwk ih, s[;hA<
wkwk L w?A s[jkvk xo d/ydk jK.
ÙwÙ/o L nkU wkwk ih, w?A s[jkBz{ xo fdyktK.
wkwk L (fgnko eodk j'fJnk) w/ok GkDik sK pj[s jh j'Djko bVek j?. fejVh
iwks ftZu J/A<
ÙwÙ/o L wkwk ih, ni/ sK S/thA ftZu jK.
wkwk L pZ;, fJj' d' ewo/ B/<
ÙwÙ/o L jK, wkwk ih.
wkwk L ;"Ad/ feZE/ U<
ÙwÙ/o L pZ; n?E/! oks Bz{ uh˜K “eZmhnK eo fdzd/ jK”.
wkwk L (nzdo tZb iKdk j'fJnk) ;N'o ftZu ;wkB fezBk e[ j?<
Ùw;/o L wkwk ih, ¯"ihnK e'ˇ ;wkB pj[s E'VQk j[zdk J/. j[D sK n;hA ek¯h pDk
fbnk j?.
wkwk L s[jkvh wK o[gJ/- g?;/ s/ ˜/to feZE/ oZydh j?< w/oh i/p B'NK Bkˇ Goh j'Jh
j?.

63
ÙwÙ/o L wkwk ih, j"ˇ/ j' bt'.
wkwk L go w?A fJjBK Bz{ oZyK feZE/<
ÙwÙ/o L (G/d Bkˇ) wkwk ih, w/˜ j/m fJZe g/Nh gJh j?. T[; ftZu jh wksk ih ;ko/
rfjD/ s/ Bedh oZyd/ B/. T[; dh ukph nj[ nzrhmh-g'Ù j/m gJh J/.
wkwk L ÙkpkÙ! sz{ pj[s j[fÙnko J/A. d't/A w/o/ Bkˇ nzdo nkU, s[jkBz{ B'N fdyktK.
ÙwÙ/o L wkwk ih, s[;hA B'N ;zGkˇ', n;hA o;'Jh ftZu s[jkv/ ykD-ghD dk gqpzX
eod/ nK. wksk ih gsk BjhA ed'A nkT[D.
wkwk L sz{ ;Zu-w[Zu pj[s f;nkDk pkbe J/A. s[;hA nZr pkˇ', w?A B'N oZy e/ j[D/
nkfJnk. (wkwk ;N'o nzdo ubk iKdk j?. ÙwÙ/o gfjbK sK o;'Jh tZb
iKdk j?, c/o pVh c[osh Bkˇ ewo/ d/ dotk˜/ dh ez[vh bk fdzdk j?.)
wkwk L (Ù'o gkT[Adk j'fJnk) ez[vk feT[A pzd ehsk J/<
ÙwÙ/o L wkwk ih, E'VQk nokw eo bt'. Bkˇ/ ykD bJh e'Jh uh˜ fsnko j' ikt/rh.
wkwk L (ekjˇk g? e/) mfjo ik, w?A j[D/ s?Bz{ mhe eodK.
ÙwÙ/o L wkwk ih xpoKd/ feT[A j' < j[D/ y'bQ d/tKrk. (fBowb d/ ezB ftZu j"ˇh)
sz{ fJZE/ mfjo, w?A j[D/ nkfJnk, vohA Bk.
(dotk˜k ˜'o-˜'o Bkˇ yVedk j?. fBowb G?n-Ghs ed/ nzdo d/ydh W,
ed/ pkjo . o'ÙBdkB dk ÙhÙk N[ZND dh ntk˜ nkT[Adh W. fBowb pkjo
tZb GZidh W. ÙwÙ/o S/sh - S/sh nkT[Adk W.
wkwk L (ˆ[Z;/ Bkˇ) e[zvh y'bQ d/ MZN-gZN, Bj] sK s?˘ ikB'A wko fdnKrk.
ÙwÙ/o (o'ÙBdkB tZb d/ydk j'fJnk) i/ s{z pkjo f;o eZfYnk sK w?A r'ˇh Bkˇ
T[vk fdnKrk. c/o Bk efjDk GkDi/ B/ e'Jh fbjk˜ Bj] ehsk.
(ÙwÙ/o pzd{e ubkT[Adk W. nzdo fJedw yVek pzd j' iKdk W.)
fBowb L (j"ˇh) tho! fJj u'o W<
ÙwÙ/o L ubke u'o, eZgV/ d/fynk fezB/ ;'jD/ gkJ/ j'J/ B/.
wkwk L p/Nk! e[zvh y'bQ, w?A s?˘ ;[rks fdnK.
ÙwÙ/o L wkwk ih! e[zvh y'bQD tkˇ/ ı[d jk˜o j' rJ/ B/.
wkwk L e"D<
ÙwÙ/o L ıkeh todh tkˇ/.
EkD/dko L 2532 Bzpo wekB fJj' J/<
ÙwÙ/o L ih jK.
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EkD/dko L pzd{e s{z ubkJh ;h<
ÙwÙ/o L ih jK.
EkD/dko L (w[;eokT[Ad/ j'J/ ÙwÙ/o jZE'A J/no-rzB cVdk j'fJnk) ¯'B fe; B/ ehsk ;h<
ÙwÙ/o L ih, w?A jh ehsk ;h. ˜ok nzdo sÙoh¯ fbnkU. ;kv/ fJZe wkwk ih wbkfJnk s'A
nkJ/ B/. T[j ;N'o dk dotk˜k GzB oj/ B/. ;¯o Bkˇ ÙkfJd T[jBK d/ fdwkˆ ˘
rowh uVQ rJh J/. nj[ d/y', o'ÙBdkB dk ÙhÙk s'V fdZsk J/.
f;gkjh L ekek \ f;ZXh soQK rZb eo.
ÙwÙ/o L nj[ e[zvh y'bQ e/ ı[d d/y bU. wkwk ih nzdo S[g e/ p?m/ B/.
(EkD/dko ewo/ dk dotk˜k y'bQdk W. T[j ftnesh ;fjfwnk j'fJnk yVQk W.)
EkD/dko L e"D WA s{z<
wkwk L w?A sK xo dk wfjwkB jK. g[ZS bU Gkt/A.
EkD/dko L feT[A ekek<
ÙwÙ/o L ih jK, fJj ;kv/ u'o wkwk ih B/. G?D dk xo jh b[ZND nk tV/ B/. jtkbks
ftZu vZe e/ fJjBK dh ;/tk eo'. fwjopkBh j't/rh.
EkD/dko L BZE {okw! bk jZEeVh fJjd/.
BZE{okw L EkD/dko ;kfjp , fJj sK “yVek” J/.
EkD/dko L (gSkD e/ s/ ı[Ù j' e/) WA\ yVek\\ fJj sK fJBkwh u'o W. eJhnK xoK d/
pZfunK dk wkwk pD u[Zek W.
ÙwÙ/o L c/o sK EkD/dko ih, ;kv/ wkwk ih dh ı{p ;/tk eo'.
(oDpho e"o xpokJh j'Jh S/sh-S/sh nzdo nkT[Adh W. T[; Bkˇ d'-uko j'o
nKYh-r[nKYh jB.)
oDpho L Ù/o/! eh rZb j'Jh, gZ[so<
ÙwÙ/o L wksk ih xpokU Bk, wkwk ih cV/ rJ/ B/, pj[s n¯;'; W.
EkD/dko L G?D ih, nkg dk bVek pj[s pjkdo W. fJ; B/ nZi fJZe fJBkwh u'o cVkfJnk
W. fJj Ùfjo ftZu eJh xo b[ZN u[Zek W. nkg d/ pZu/ ˘ gzi ;" o[gJ/ fJBkw
fwˇ/rk. (ÙwÙ/o ˘ Ekgh fdzdk j'fJnk) ÙkpkÙ\ pjkdo pZu/\ ;kv/ w[be ˘ s/o/
fij/ db/o pZfunK dh b'V W. (e[M fuo o[e e/) s[;h nZi n˜kdh-fdt; d/yD
Bjh rJ/<
oDpho L ih, fgSb/ ;kb fJjBK d/ fgsk eÙwho dh bVkJh ftZuaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
EkD/dko L (nzrhmh ”s/ gJh c'N' d/ydk j'fJnk) nZSk\ nZSk\ fJj B/ ;{p/dko noiB
f;zx fiBQK ˘ fgSb/ ;kb tho- uZeo fwfbnk ;h. pVk ı[Ù fe;ws xo W.

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oDpho L (nZyK g{zMdh j'Jh) p?m' ih.
EkD/dko L G?D, s{z pj[s GkrK tkˇh J/A. pjkdko fgsk d/ xo pjkdo g[Zso g?dk j'fJnk W.
f;gkjh L wksk ih\ fJj ˜ok Bj] xpokfJnk.
EkD/dko L fJj pkbe sK ıkBdkB dk BK j'o T[Zuk eo/rk. (ÙwÙ/o ˘ fgnko eodk j'Jnk)
ÙkpkÙ\ Gkos ˘ s/o/ fij/ bkbK dh b'V W. (f;gkjh ˘) fJ; gkih ˘ EkD/ b?
uZb'. G?D ih\ s[jk˘ th eÙN fdnKr/. ÙwÙ/o ˘ S/sh jh Bed fJBkw
fwˇ/rk.
(EkD/dko iKdk W. oDpho s/ ÙwÙ/o jZE i'V e/ ftdk eod/ jB.
oDpho L (wwsk GohnK B˜oK Bkˇ d/ydh j'Jh) w/ok Ù/o g[Zso\
ÙwÙ/o L (pKjK ftZu fbgN e/) wksk ih\
fBowb L w?A fes/ voh ;h<
ÙwÙ/o L j'o Bj]<
(;ko/ jZ; g?Ad/ jB. oDpho fBowb ˘ th fgnko eodh W.)

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 nfGnk;
1a j/m fby/ gqÙBK d/ T[Zso nZr/ ;jh (X) dk fBÙkB bkU L
(T) fJeKrh ftZu fJ;soh-gkso dk eh Bkw W<
(1) pbpho e"o (2) oDpho e"o (3) oDXho e"o
(n) fJeKrh tkˇh xNBk fe; fJfsjkf;e fdB tkˇh W<
(1) 26 iBtoh (2) 15 nr;s (3) 2 nes{po
(J) wK d/ ikD s'A pknd pZfunK e'ˇ e"D nk frnk ;h<
(1) ukuk (2) skfJnk (3) wkwk
(;) eh wkwk n;b ftZu pZfunK dk wkwk ;h<
(1) jK (2) Bj] (3) ;ek wkwk Bj] ;h
(j) wkw/ d/ G/; ftZu nkJ/ ftnesh B/ ı[d ˘ fe; d/; s'A nkfJnk dZf;nk<
(1) f;zxkg[o (2) wbkfJnk (3) n¯ohek
2a ıkbh ;EkB Go'L
˜'o- ˜'o, eÙwho, n¯ohek, pkbe, vo
Ta w?˘ sKaaaaaaaaaabZrD bZr fgnk.
na ;kv/ wkwk ih sK aaaaaaaaaaftZu ofjzd/ jB.
Ja ;{p/dko noiB f;zxaaaaadh bVkJh ftZu Ùjhd j'J/.
;a dotk˜kaaaaaaaaBkˇ yVedk W.
ja s{z pj[s f;nkDk aaaaaaaWA.
3a tkeK ftZu tos' L
iÙB, ;N/ÙB, j'Djko, Bedh, tho-uZeo
4a j/m fby/ Ùpd-i'VK ˘ Ù[ZX eo e/ fby' L
dotkik , w[Ùfeb, c'ih, e[zYh, o';Bdko, G?-fGs
5a gqÙBK d/ T[Zso fdU L
Ta ÙwÙ/o d/ fgsk ih dk eh BK ;h< T[j fe; bVkJh ftZu Ùjhd j' rJ/ ;B.
na pZfunK B/ wkw/ d/ o{g ftZu nkJ/ u'o ˘ g[fb; d/ jtkb/ fet/A ehsk<
Ja oDpho e"o B/ ÙwÙ/o ˘ Ù/o- g[Zso feT[A nkfynk<
;a EkD/dko B/ ÙwÙ/o pko/ eh fejk<
ja ÙwÙ/o d/ ufoZso pko/ fszB ;soK fby'.

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6a j/m fby/ ÙpdK ˘ gzikph ftZu fbfynk W, s[;] fjzdh ns/ nzro/˜h ftZu th fby'L
gzikph fjzdh nzro/˜h
BeÙk aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
;[rks aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
˜/to aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
c[Zb aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
ukj aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
7a j/m fby/ tkeK ftZu'A ftÙ/ÙD- Ùpd u[D'L
1a ÙwÙ/o gzdoK e[ ;kb dk ;h.
2a rbh ;[zB-w;[zBh gJh ;h.
3a ftnesh B/ ÙwÙ/o ˘ pj[s ;ko/ B'N ftykJ/.
4a ¯"ihnK e'ˇ pj[s E'VQk ;wkB j[zdk W.
5a w/ok GkDik pj[s j'Djko bVek W.
8a s[;] fJ; fJeKrh ftZu'A fJ; ;zpzX ftZu eh f;Zfynk W fe nukBe nkJh fpgsk ftZu
s[;] fet/A T[; dk ;kwQDk eoBk W<

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