Assignments:

Topic: FE – Axisymmetric

1) What are the criteria that one model must satisfy in order to be considered as axisymmetric
model? What are the benefits of axisymmetric modelling approach? Deduce the relationship
between field displacement, strain and stress for one axisymmetric model. Assume small
displacement along with linear elastic homogeneous isotropic material model. What are the
differences between axisymmetric and plane stress/strain problems?
2) Considering the triangular element, develop the element strain-displacement matrix for
axisymmetric model. Follow the potential energy approach and deduce each and every term
of the potential energy for a discretized axisymmetric model under generalized loading
condition. Write down the steps of computing element stress from the nodal displacements.
What are the differences between one triangular axisymmetric element and one constant
strain triangle element?

Topic: FE - Galerkin’s method

3) Develop the governing equation of the rod under self-weight as shown in the figure below.
Use Galerkin method to find out the displacement of the mid-point of the rod.

4) What do you mean by strong form and weak form? Develop the weak form for the strong
form of the governing equation you developed in problem 3.
Topic: CAD – Transformation

5) Develop the general form of a scaling matrix with respect to a fixed point P(h,k).
6) The triangle with vertices A(0,0), B(1,1) and C(5,2) is magnified to twice its size while keeping
C(5,2) fixed. Use the transformation matrix developed in problem 5 to find the coordinates
of the magnified triangle vertices.
7) Develop the transformation Av which aligns a given vector V with the vector K along the
positive z axis.
8) Let an axis of rotation L: be specified by a direction vector V and a location point P. Find the
transformation for a rotation of θ° about L.
9) The pyramid defined by the coordinates A(0,0,0), B(1,0,0), C(0,1,0) and D(0,0,1) is passing
rotated 45° about the line L that has the direction ⃗ L= ^j+ k^ and passing through point
C(0,1,0). Find the coordinates of the rotated pyramid vertices using the transformations
developed in problems 7 and 8.

Topic: CAD – Projection

10) Explain the following projections: (i) Parallel projection; (ii) Perspective projection; (iii)
Orthographic projection; (iv) Oblique projection
11) Explain the following: (a) one principal vanishing point perspective; (b) two principal
vanishing point perspective; (c) three principal vanishing point perspective
12) The unit cube (as shown in the figure below) is projected onto the xy plane and is viewed
from point P (0,0,-d). Note the position of the x, y and z axes. Develop the standard
perspective transformation matrix. Use this standard perspective transformation matrix to
find out the projected coordinates of the cube for the following two cases: (a) d = 1 and (b) d
= 10, where d is the distance from the view plane. Draw the projected image corresponding
to each case. What are the vanishing points in this case?
13) What are the pros and cons of homogeneous coordinates? Describe the transformations

P (0,0,-d)
D C

E H

A B x
F G

z Fig. 1
indicated by each of the following matrices:
1 0 0 0
(a)
(
0
0
0
7
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
)
 1 0 0 0
(b)
(
3
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
)
1 0 0 0
(c)
(0
0
−1
1
0
3
0
1
5
0
0
1
)
1 0 0 0
(d)
(
0
0
0
7
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
5
)
1 0 0 2
(e)
(
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
3
0
1
)
Topic: CAD – Curves and Surfaces

14) Prove that for a Bezier curve, the k-th derivative at the starting point depends on the first
k+1 points.
15) Prove that the B-spline curve defined with n-points and a parameter ‘k’ is a curve of degree
‘k-1’ and is controlled by ‘k’ points.
16) Show that a bicubic surface patch degenerates to a cubic spline if the four corner points of
the patch are collapsed to two.