Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) : Alana Fabish, Emily Griffin, Ellen Quinn, Nicolette Sinagra
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) : Alana Fabish, Emily Griffin, Ellen Quinn, Nicolette Sinagra
● Etiology: ıdıopathıc.
○ Biological/Genetic? Environmental? Dietary? Vaccinations*
Predictive Factors
● Maternal age was not a predictive factor when compared to
the family characteristics and dynamics (Bickel et al., 2015).
● “Urbanicity” led to an increased amount of diagnoses, due to:
○ Increased general awareness.
○ Exposure to families in similar situations.
○ Better access to healthcare providers.
● Behaviors
○ Restricted repertoire/ repetitive behavior
○ Inflexible adherence to routines
○ Ritual lining up of objects
○ Hypersensitivity
Redefining Autism: DSM-IV to DSM-V
● Revised and published in 2013
● One of the most important changes was to: ASD
○ “Revised diagnosis represents new, more accurate, and medically and
scientifically useful way of diagnosing individuals with autism-related
disorders” (American Psychiatric Association, 2013)
● Change from DSM-IV
○ Dx with 4 disorders:
■ autistic, Asperger’s, childhood disintegrative, PDD-NOS
○ Not applied consistently across clinics/centers
○ Assert: anyone dx’d with one of those disorder should still meet
DSM-5 Criteria for ASD
Redefining Autism (cont.)
● New DSM-V criteria:
○ Considered a better reflection of the state of knowledge about autism
○ Single umbrella disorder will improve dx of ASD without limiting
sensitivity of criteria or change number of children diagnosed
● Criteria change encourages earlier diagnosis
○ Individuals must show symptoms from early childhood
○ DSM-IV was geared towards ID-ing school age children
○ DSM-V more useful in diagnosing younger children
● Controversy:
○ Most children with DSM-IV PDD diagnoses will retain diagnosis of ASD
○ Other studies have found the opposite - criteria is too strıct
DSM-5 Diagnostic Descriptors: ASD
● Must meet the following criteria:
○ Persistent deficits in social communication/social interaction across multiple contexts
■ Ex: deficits in nonverbal communication, deficits in developing, maintaining, and
understanding relationships, deficits in social-emotional reciprocity
○ Restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, activities manifested by at least two
specific examples
■ Ex. stereotyped/repetitive movements OR rituals OR fixated, restrictive interests OR
hyper-or hyporeactivity to sensory input
○ Symptoms must be present in early developmental period
○ Symptoms limit and impair everyday functioning
○ Disturbances are not explained by intellectual disability
Woods, J. J., Wetherby, A. M., (2003). Early identification of and intervention for infants and toddlers who are at risk for autism spectrum
disorders. Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools, 34, 180-193.
Referrals
Following a (+) screening, the primary role of the pedıatrıcıan is to…
Bickel, MD, J., Bridgemohan, MD, C., Sideridis, PhD, G., & Huntington, N. (2015). Child and Family Characteristics Associated with Age of Diagnosis of an Autism
Spectrum Disorder in a Tertiary Care Setting. Journal of Development and Behavioral Pediatrics, 36(1), 1-7.
CDC. (2015, August). Screening and Diagnosis for Healthcare Providers. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/autism/hcp-screening.html
Dosreis, S., Weiner, C. L., Johnson, L., Newschaffer, C. J. (2006). Autism spectrum disorders screening and management practices among pediatric providers.
Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, 27(2), 88-94.
Goin-Kochel, R. P., Mackintosh, V. H., & Myers, B. J. (2006). How many doctors does it take to make an autism spectrum diagnosis?. Autism, 10(5), 439-451.
Johnson, C.P., Myers, S.M., Council on Children with Disabilities. (2007). Identification and Evaluation of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders. American
Academy of Pediatrics. Retrieved from www.pediatrics.org/cgi/doi/10.1542/peds.2007-2361
Junco, M. (2016). AAP urges continued autism screening in addition to more research. American Academy of Pediatrics. Retrieved from http://www.
aappublications.org/news/2016/02/16/Autism021616
Lauritsen, M., Astrup, A., Pederson, C., Obel, C., Schendel, D., Schieve, L., Parner, E. (2013). Urbanicity and Autism Spectrum Disorders. Journal of Autism and
Developmental Disorders, 394-404.
Lord C, Risi S, DiLavore PS, Shulman C, Thurm A, Pickles A. Autism from 2 to 9 years of age. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2006 Jun;63(6):694-701.
References
Mandell, D. S., Novak, M. M., Zubritsky, C. D. (2005). Factors associated with age of diagnosis among children with autism spectrum disorders. Pediatrics,
116(6), 1480-1486.
Mazureck, M. O., Handen, B. L., Wodka, E. L., Nowinski, L., Butter, E., Engelhardt, C. R. (2014). Age at first autism spectrum disorder diagnosis: The role of
birth cohort, demographic factors, and clinical features. Journal of Developmental Behaviors Pediatrics, 35(9), 561-569.
Skellern, C., Schluter, P., & McDowell, M. (2005). From complexity to category: responding to diagnostic uncertainties of autistic spectrum disorders.
Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health,41(8), 407-412.
Woods, J. J., Wetherby, A. M., (2003). Early identification of and intervention for infants and toddlers who are at risk for autism spectrum disorders.
Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools, 34, 180-193.