Substation Automation Discover the

Numerical Transformer
and
Terminal
Protection Training
RET 521

C
E
BUU:PTUA-R Training
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Slide No - 1
 RET 521 - application

„ Comprises all required hardware and

ABB Relays RET521
software elements for protection and
control of:
„ small/big power transformers
three-phase and single phase auto-
C

E
„
transformers
„ shunt reactors
„ groups with generators and step-up
transformers
„ special transformers
„ etc.
BUU:PTUA-R Training
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Slide No - 2
 RET 521 - design
¾ of 19” RET521
„ AIM
ABB Relays

„ 7I+3U
„ 8I+2U

BIM, BOM, IOM, MIM No. 4

„ 9I+1U

BIM, BOM, IOM No. 2

BIM, BOM, IOM No. 3
BIM, BOM, IOM No. 1
„ BIM
AIM No.1 AIM No.2 PSM „ 16BI
CPU
„ BOM
„ 24 BO

C
„ IOM
E „ 8BI + 12BO
„ MIM
„ 6 of mA channels
all AIM, BIM, BOM, IOM, MIM modules are optional
BUU:PTUA-R Training
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Slide No - 3
 Ordering Hardware - General

SETTABLE
SETTABLE

BOTH AVAIABLE BY TAP CONNECTION

SAME PSM FOR THIS DC RANGE

BUU:PTUA-R Training
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Slide No - 4
 Ordering Hardware - AIMs

X
X

Select AIMs in accordance with required number of CT&VT inputs

• two winding diff, three winding diff, 1½ CB station?
• for REF neutral point CT input required?
• directional TOC (3 VT inputs) or TEF (at least 1 VT input)?
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• voltage control (1, 2 or 3 VT inputs)?

© ABB Bangalore.
Slide No - 5
 Ordering Hardware – IOM, BIM, BOM MIM

Select IO modules
in accordance with
X
requirements.
X
please note that there
X
are no binary inputs &
X
outputs on PSM module

• at least one IOM

• better BIM+BOM
• MIM for tap position
reading?
• select dc input voltage
X for IOM & BIM only

X
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Slide No - 6
 Ordering Hardware – Communication

Select type of communication card (i.e. plastic or glass)

Please note that in the same time you are selecting both ports
(i.e. not possible to have only SPA or only LON)

At present IEC 60870-5-103 is not available !!!

BUU:PTUA-R Training
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Slide No - 7
 Human Machine Interface, (HMI) functions

„ Indications
„ Event logging and presentation
„ Service values from analogue
Ready Start input modules and protection
Ready Start Trip
Trip functions, (i.e. differential
RET
RET521
521 Ver.2.3
Ver 2.0
E= Enter menu currents, etc.)
E = Enter menu
C=
C =Reset
ResetLED
LED „ Settings: reading, changing
„ Partial configuration
C „ Self-monitoring information
„ Port with optic interface to RS
232 for local PC
E
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Slide No - 8
 Human Machine Interface, (HMI) functions

Status of HMI LEDs

Status Green Yellow Red

Normal Operating One or more disturbance Atleast one of the
Steady Condition of the has been recorded and functions has issued a
terminal stored trip signal

Internal Fault has been Terminal is in Test Terminal is blocked by

Flashing detected Mode an internal or external
command
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Slide No - 9
 Library of Protection & Control Functions

Function Description Short Name No of functions

Transformer Differential Protection (2 or 3 Wndg) DIFP 1
Restricted Earth Fault Protection REFx 3
(Directional) Three-phase Time Overcurrent Protection TOCx 3
(Directional) Earth Fault Time Current Protection TEFx 3
Time Overvoltage Protection TOVx 6
Time Undervoltage Protection TUVx 3
Thermal Overload Protection THOL 1
Frequency Measurement FRME 1
Overexcitation Protection (V/Hz) OVEX 1
Voltage Control (Single or Parallel) VCTR 1
Disturbance Recorder (Block for 1 analogue channel) DRxx 10
Event Recorder (Block for 16 digital inputs) DRPx 3
Trip Logic (Block with 16 digital inputs) TRxx 12
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Slide No - 10
 Library of Protection & Control Functions

New Protection Function Blocks in RET 521

Function Block Description Short Name No of Instances
General Function GF 12
Over & Under Frequency FRF 3
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Slide No - 11
 Library of Logic Function Blocks

Function Block Description Short Name No of Instances

AND Gate Axxx 40
OR Gate Oxxx 40
Logic Inverter IVxx 20
Set-Reset gates (flip-flops) with memory SMxx 10
Logic Pulse-Timer (0.000-60.000s) TPxx 20
Logic Timer (0.000-60.000s) TMxx 15
Logic Long-Timer (0.0-90000.0s) TLxx 10
MOVE block TMxx 6
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Slide No - 12
 Library of Auxiliary Function Blocks
Function Block Description Short Name No of Instances
Active Group GRP-- 1
Binary Converter CNV-- 1
Single Command Function CDxx 1
Multiple Command Function CMxx 20
Fixed Signals FIXD- 1
Fourier Filters / Current Single Phase C1Px 5
Fourier Filters / Current Three Phase C3Px 5
Fourier Filters / Current Three Phase Combi C3Cx 2
Fourier Filters / Voltage Single Phase V1Px 5
Fourier Filters / Voltage Three Phase V3Px 3
Internal Signals INT-- 1
Move Block MOxx 6
None NONE- 1
Test TEST- 1
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Time (Time Synchronization) TIME- 1

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Slide No - 13
 Library of Hardware Related Function Blocks

Function Block Description Short Name No of Instances

Analog Input Module (AIM) AIMx 2
Binary IO Module IOxx 4
MiliAmper Input Module MIxx 6
Position of I/O Hardware 2PCI+4CAN IOHW- 1
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Slide No - 14
 RET 521 - some important facts (1)

„ 1A or 5A current inputs available in one unit

„ All RET 521 measurements and calculations are performed

according to the primary values

„ Each protection & control function provides service values to HMI

and/or to SMS/SCS

„ Each analogue input channel provides service values on the

magnitude and phase angle of the input quantity

„ Any input channel can be set as a reference for the phase angle
measurement
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Slide No - 15
 RET 521 - some important facts (2)

„ Settings of all protection and control functions are related to power

transformer data

„ Built-in frequency tracking from 30-65Hz

„ Fixed internal reference direction for current and voltage inputs

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Slide No - 16
 Necessary data for 2-Winding power transformer

Note:
It is extremely important to properly set all the values under the power transformer data

Parameter description Param. name Unit Range Step Default

Rated frequency, 50Hz/60Hz fr 0=50Hz, 1=60Hz 0 / 1 1 0
Rated power in MVA Sr MVA 0.1 - 999.9 0.1 173.2
Vector group 2-winding power transformer, SMS VectorGrp2WS 0-4 Yy00
Vector group 2-winding power transformer , HMI VectorGrp2WV 1 - 24 1 1
Rated current primary winding in A Ir1 A 1 - 99999 1 1000
Rated current secondary winding in A Ir2 A 1 - 99999 1 1000
Rated voltage primary winding in kV Ur1 kV 1.0 - 999.9 0.1 100.0
Rated voltage secondary winding in kV Ur2 kV 1.0 - 999.9 0.1 100.0

HMI: Selection from table no 1- 24 SMS: Direct selection of coupling

(Coupling group shown in LCD window) group (24 variants)
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Slide No - 17
 Necessary Data for 3-Winding Power Transformer
Note:
It is extremely important to properly set all the values under the power transformer data

Parameter description Param. name Unit Range Step Default

Rated frequency, 50Hz/60Hz fr 0=50Hz, 1=60Hz0 - 1 1 0
Vector group 3-winding power transformer, SMS VectorGrp3WS 0-7 Yy00y00
Vector group 3-winding power transformer, HMI VectorGrp3WV 1 - 288 1 1
Rated power primary winding in MVA Sr1 MVA 0.1 - 999.9 0.1 173.2
Rated power secondary winding in MVA Sr2 MVA 0.1 - 999.9 0.1 173.2
Rated power tertiary winding in MVA Sr3 MVA 0.1 - 999.9 0.1 173.2
Rated current primary winding in A Ir1 A 1 - 99999 1 1000
Rated current secondary winding in A Ir2 A 1 - 99999 1 1000
Rated current tertiary winding in A Ir3 A 1 - 99999 1 1000
Rated voltage primary winding in kV Ur1 kV 1.0 - 999.9 0.1 100.0
Rated voltage secondary winding in kV Ur2 kV 1.0 - 999.9 0.1 100.0
Rated voltage tertiary winding in kV Ur3 kV 1.0 - 999.9 0.1 100.0

HMI: Selection from table no 1- 288 SMS: Direct selection of coupling group
(Coupling group shown in LCD window) (288 variants)
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Slide No - 18
 CT & VT Setup
Note:
It is extremely important to properly set all the values below for RET 521 input
analog channels

Parameter description Param. name Unit Range Step Default

{
Used input tap for CT on AIM card in A InputCTTap Input1A, Input5A 0-1 1 0
Rated CT primary current in A CTprim A 1-99999 1 1000
CT
Rated CT secondary current in A CTsec A 1-5 1 1
Current transf. earthing, CTearth ToObject, FromObject 0-1 1 0
Towards power transf./Towards bus

VT
{ Rated VT primary voltage in kV
Rated VT secondary voltage in V
VTprim
VTsec
kV
V
0.1-999.9 0.1
1-999 1
100.0
100
BUU:PTUA-R Training
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Slide No - 19
 CT & VT Setup

RET 521 2p3 Internal

Sec Neutral CT
Reference Directions
for Current
Transformers Sec Phase CT

Second.
Primary
Pri Phase CT
Tertiary

Ter Neutral CT
Pri Neutral CT

Ter Phase CT

CT Reference Current Direction

Current Transformer
Definition:
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CT Reference Current Direction = Current has a positive value when flows in the same direction with associated arrow
© ABB Bangalore.
Slide No - 20
 CT Setup Example

Connection of Instrument Current Transformers

Two-Winding Power Transformer Type Yd
L1 (A) P2 P1 P1 P2 L1 (a)
HV Phase CTs LV Phase CTs
Param. name Settings Param. name Settings
L2 (B) S2 S1 S1 S2 L2 (b)
InputCTTap Input5A InputCTTap Input1A
CTprim 200 CTprim 1000
CTsec 5 L3 (C) L3 (c) CTsec 1
CTearth FromObj CTearth ToObject
Y (HV side) d (LV side)
200/5 earthing 1000/1
primary secondary transformer
FromObject ToObject
FromOb

S1 P1
S1 P1

300/5
100/1

ToObject
S2 S2 P2
HV Neutral CT LV Neutral CT
P2
Param. name Settings Param. name Settings
InputCTTap Input1A InputCTTap Input5A
CTprim 100 N 5A 1A N 5A 1A N 5A 1A N 5A 1A N 5A 1A N 5A 1A N 5A 1A N 5A 1A CTprim 300
CTsec 1 CTsec 5
RET 521
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CTearth FromObj CTearth ToObectj

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Slide No - 21
© ABB Bangalore.
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Slide No - 22

RET 521 - transformer differential protection

 RET 521 – DIFP function features
„ No auxiliary transformers required
Ip „ For 2 & 3 winding transformers
„ Up to 5 restrained inputs
It „ Excellent performance for 1½ CB stations
„ 2nd harmonic, 5th harmonic & waveform
blocking
„ Unrestrained operational level
„ Automatic CT mismatch & vector group
compensation
„ Enhanced security for external faults
„ Operating time (typical)
Is „ 33ms for restrained level
„ 20ms for unrestrained level
„ Increased sensitivity by continuous
monitoring of the tap changer position
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Ip + Is + It = 0 (?)
© ABB Bangalore.
Slide No - 23
 RET 521 – DIFP function for 2-Winding Transformer

„ 2-winding power transformer

„2-windingpower transformer with

unconnected delta tertiary winding

„2-winding power transformer with 2 circuit

breakers on primary side

„2-winding power transformer with 2 circuit

breakers on secondary side

„2-winding power transformer with 2 circuit

breakers on both sides
BUU:PTUA-R Training
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Slide No - 24
 RET 521 – DIFP function for 3-Winding Transformer

„ 3-winding power transformer

with all 3 windings connected

„ 3-winding power transformer with

2 circuit breakers on (any) one side,
(e.g. 2 parallel power lines on one side)

„ 3-winding power transformer with

2 circuit breakers on 2 out of 3 sides,
(e.g. a meshed power network)
BUU:PTUA-R Training
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Slide No - 25
 Differential protection

„ The appearance of the

differential current does not
absolutely mean a fault in the
protected element, but
„ line capacitive charging current
„ saturation of current instrument
transformer
„ inrush current in power
transformers
„ etc.
„ Security / dependability
BUU:PTUA-R Training
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Slide No - 26
 Sources of errors in the differential protection

Unbalance currents due to factors other than faults:

1. Currents that only flow on one side of a power transformer:

A. Magnetizing currents that only flow on the power source side:

- normal magnetizing currents,
- inrush magnetizing currents,
- overexcitation magnetizing currents.

B. Currents that cannot be transformed to the other windings:

- zero sequence currents.

2. Error in the power transformer turns-ratio due to OLTC

- OLTC= On Line Tap Changer
BUU:PTUA-R Training
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Slide No - 27
 Unbalance currents due to factors other than faults

3. Inequality of the instrument current transformers:

• Different ratings of current transformers,

• Different types of current transformers.
100A / 1A 500A / 5A

4. Different relative loads on instrument transformers:

• Different relative currents on CT primaries,

• Different relative burdens on CT secondaries.

5. Different dc time constants of the fault currents :

• Different time of occurrence, and degree, of CT saturation.

BUU:PTUA-R Training
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Slide No - 28
 Transformer inrush current
B 6.752
8

BR 6

iL 4
t

iI
t

it
2
H

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140

− 0.3 2

0 t

The second harmonic component appears

as a characteristic quantity in a transformer
BUU:PTUA-R Training

inrush current. It is also possible to monitor

© ABB Bangalore.

the shape of a current signal

Slide No - 29
 Restrain Features of Differential Protection
‰Types of Inrush

• Initial Inrush
• Recovery Inrush
• Sympathetic Inrush

‰Methods of Inrush Restraint

• Second Harmonic Detection
• Wave Detection

ƒ Possible Settings - Conditionally or Always

• Conditionally - 2nd harmonic & wave detection methods operate in

parallel only when the power transformer is not yet energized and
switch off 2nd harmonic method, when energized. 2nd harmonic
method is also active a short time when a heavy external fault is
detected.
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• Always - Both 2nd harmonic and wave detection methods work in

© ABB Bangalore.

parallel always
Slide No - 30
 Typical Inrush Currents for 3-Phase Transformer
Waveblock criteria detects current gaps during inrush

8
65MVA
Typical Current Gap
150/6.6kV 6
Yd11
300/1 4

2
Current [pu]
Phase L1
rec
Phase L2
0
Inrush recorded at Gaurain, Phase L3
Belgium in 1992 -2

Waveblock based on the fact that

one gap, of at least 4ms duration, -4
exist during each power system cycle
-6
0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1
Time [sec]
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Slide No - 31
 Magnetizing current at system overvoltage
B 2.3
3

1
iL
t

iI
t 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
it

H 1

− 2.3 3

0 t

The fifth harmonic component appears during

overvoltage as a characteristic quantity in the
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transformer magnetizing current.

© ABB Bangalore.
Slide No - 32
 Restrain Features of Differential Protection
• Over Excitation Restraint

• Over Excitation results from excessive applied voltage in combination with

lower frequency
• Over Excitation current contains Odd harmonics
• Since 3rd harmonic can’t flow in a Delta winding, 5th harmonic is the lowest
one which can serve as a criterion for detection of over excitation

• Elimination of Zero Sequence Currents

• Makes Differential Protection insensitive to external earth faults

• Tap Changer Position Adaptation

• With known Tap position, Differential function can be supplied with regular
updated information of the tap, helps in adapting to the actual turns ratio
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• With this feature, it is possible to set a much higher sensitivity

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Slide No - 33
 RET 521 - DIFP biased operate characteristic
145kV

Differential current Id
Id = I1 - I2 in pu
6
150A/1A

5 unrestrained limit
Ir1 = 120A Iunre: 5 - 25 5

4
30MVA 4
operate area

Idiff in pu
slope 2
3
3
2
zone 2
2
zone 1
1

Idmin: 0.1 - 0.5 restrained area

1800A/1A
0 1.25 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Ibias in pu
Ir2 = 1575A
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Slide No - 34

11kV

C:\Janez\VISIOFIG\
Vfj_0098.vsd
 Idiff & Ibias Calculations for DIFP
iA1
CT1 CT3
Yyo
300/1 500/1

Y y
iA ia
iA2
CT2 m = NLV / NHV = ULV / UHV ; m is transformer turns ratio
200/1
m = func(Tap Position); => Tap Position Compensation

Idiffa[Amps]= Abs {( IA1 + IA2) - m* Ia}; (HV side as a reference; Idiffb & Idiffc respectively)

Idiffa[pu]= Idiffa[Amps] / Power Transformer Rated HV Current

Ibias [pu]= Max { k1*IA1; k2*IA2; k3*IA; k4*Ia;currents from other two phases }
1 1 1 1
k1 = CT1 Rated Primary Current k2 = CT2 Rated Primary Current k3 = Ir1 k4 = Ir2

Ibias [Amps]= Power Transformer Rated HV Current * Ibias [pu]

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Ibias is common for all three phases

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Slide No - 35
 RET 521 - DIFP simplified block diagram
145kV

Cross-block
3I0 reduction
(yes / no)
Wave block

150A/1A >1

A/D converter, scalling with CT and VT ratio

Compensation for the vector

Idiff 5th harmonic >1

group of a transformer
instantaneous
Ir1 Send
2nd h block & cross block
30MVA (yes / no) (yes / no)
pre-filtering

Cross-block

Idiff
after DFF TRRES
&

START

1800A/1A
Ibias Unrestraint
>1 TRIP
after DFF level
Ir2
TRUNR

11kV
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C:\Janez\VISIOFIG\
Slide No - 36

Vfj_0099.vsd
 RET 521 - tap position reading

„ Terminal can read tap position via

„ mA signal (4-20mA; 0-10mA; 0-20mA) (MIM module required)
„ BCD coded binary signal (6 bits) (up to 6 binary inputs required)
„ binary coded binary signal (6 bits) (up to 6 binary inputs required)
„ clean contact per tap (plenty of binary inputs required-one per
each tap)
„ Differential and Voltage-Control Functions can enhance
their performance and functionality if tap position
information is available to them
„ Local and remote display of tap-changer position
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Slide No - 37
 Tap Position Measurement via Binary Inputs

„The binary converter function block decodes

binary data from up to six binary inputs to an
integer value.

„The input bit pattern may be coded in either

binary number format or BCD format depending
on the setting of the parameter “CODETYPE” on
the CNV function block

„“Clean contact per tap” binary inputs should be

first internally in the CAP tool configuration coded
to BCD signal by using available OR logic gates.
After that this BCD signals should be connected
to CNV function block and decoded for DIFP and
VCTR functions.
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Slide No - 38
 RET 521 - special applications (50/60Hz)

„ New features in RET 521 make possible special

applications:
„ ZSCSub = On/Off makes possible subtraction of zero sequence
currents
„ CrossBlock = On/Off controls the cross block effect between
phases
„ +/- sign can be selected for the direction of any measured current
„ Applications on different railway transformers are
possible without intermediate transformers
„ ………….
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Slide No - 39
© ABB Bangalore.
BUU:PTUA-R Training
Slide No - 40

CAP531 Function Block for DIFP

 Basic Settings for DIFP

Basic Setting Parameter description Param. name Unit Range Step Default
Operation Transformer Differential Protection, Off/On Operation Off, On Off
Stabilizing characteristic number CharactNo 1-5 1 3
Maximum sensitivity in % of Ir Idmin % of Ir1 10 - 50 1 30
Unrestrained limit in % of Ir Idunre % of Ir1 500 - 2500 1 1000
Second harmonic blocking, Conditionally/Always StabByOption Conditionally, Always Conditionally
Second to first harmonic ratio in % I2/I1ratio % 10 - 25 1 15
Fifth to first harmonic ratio in % I5/I1ratio % 10 - 50 1 25
Automatic Subtraction of Zero Sequence Current ZSCSub Off, On On
Cross Blocking Between Phases CrossBlock Off, On On
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Slide No - 41
 Tap Changer Settings for DIFP

Tap-Changer Setting Parameter description Param. name Unit Range Step Default
Number of taps NoOfTaps 1 - 64 1 20
Rated tap RatedTap 1 - 64 1 10
Voltage for minimum (tap1) tap in kV MinTapVoltage kV 0.1 - 999.9 0.1 100.0
Voltage for maximum tap in kV MaxTapVoltage kV 0.1 - 999.9 0.1 100.0

Only needs to be set when tap position compensation for DIFP

function is used
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Slide No - 42
 Service Values for DIFP

Servica Value Description Name Range

Bias current in A Ibias 0.0 - 99999.9
Differential current, phase 1, in A IdiffL1 0.0 - 99999.9
Differential current, phase 2, in A IdiffL2 0.0 - 99999.9
Differential current, phase 3, in A IdiffL3 0.0 - 99999.9
Measured Tap Position TapPosition 0 - 64

Above service values are related to the winding 1 when Sr1 = Smax
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Slide No - 43
 Ordering DIFP function

Select type of RET 521 terminal WITHOUT DIFP function or

select type of DIFP function (i.e. 2-winding or 3-winding)
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Slide No - 44
© ABB Bangalore.
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Slide No - 45

RET 521 - restricted earth fault protections

 RET 521 - restricted earth fault protection

145kV
AI module Main processing module BO module
„ Used in direct and low
impedance earthed
A/D converter, scalling with CT and VT ratio

systems
REF1-

3I0d
DFF in primary values
„ Operates instantaneously
pre-filtering

for internal earth faults

TRIP block
REF2-

BO
Unaffected by inrush
3I0d
„
currents and external
faults
11kV
„ Up to three instances are
C:\Janez\VISIOFIG\
Vfj_0100.vsd
available
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Slide No - 46
 RET 521 - REFn operate characteristic

diff current in pu 5

4 operate area

2
zone 1 zone 2 second slope=100%

1 restrain area
minimum base sensitivity 50 %
default base sensitivity 30 % first slope=70%
maximum base sensitivity 5 %
Step : 1 % transformer rated current
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
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1.25 pu bias current in per unit

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Slide No - 47
 Ibias & Idiff calculation for REF function

iA1
CT1 5/1 = n CT3
300/1 500/1

Y y
iA ia
iA2
CT2 iN
200/1 CTN
250/1

Idiff[Amps]= Abs { IA1 + IA2 + IB1 + IB2 + IC1 + IC2 - IN }

Ibias [pu]= MAX { k1*IA1; k2*IA2; k3*IA; currents from other two phases; k3*In }
1 1 1
k1 = CT1 Rated Primary Current k2 = CT2 Rated Primary Current k3 = Ir1

Ibias [Amps]= Relevant Power Transformer Winding Rated Current * Ibias [pu]
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Slide No - 48
 REF directional measurement, internal fault
Current distribution for Internal Earth Fault
power system
contribution to
fault current zone of protection

IL1
A (L1) Ia = 0 a (L1)
IL2
B (L2) Ib = 0 b (L2)
IL3
C (L3) Ic = 0 c (L2)

IFAULT IN Current in the neutral (IN)

serves as a directional
3I0 reference because it has
the same direction for both
internal and external faults.
Return path for 3I0 Return path for IN

currents -IN and 3I0 are of approximately

for internal fault opposite directions for an internal earth fault
3I0 ROA Idiff = mod(IN + 3I0) ≈ IFAULT

MTA
-IN
ROA reference is
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restrain for neutral current

operate for
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internal fault external fault

Slide No - 49
 REF directional measurement, external fault
Current distribution for External Earth Fault
power system
contribution to
fault current zone of protection

IL1
A (L1) Ia = 0 a (L1)
IL2
B (L2) Ib = 0 b (L2)
IL3
C (L3) Ic = 0 c (L2)

IFAULT IN Current in the neutral (IN)

serves as a directional
3*IZS_SEC reference because it has
the same direction for both
internal and external faults.
Return path for IN

for external fault

currents -IN and 3I0 are of approximately
in phase for an external earth fault
ROA 3I0 Idiff = mod(IN – 3I0) ≈ zero

MTA
-IN
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ROA reference is
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restrain for neutral current

operate for
Slide No - 50

internal fault external fault

 RET 521 - REFn- simplified block diagram
145kV

A/D converter, scalling with CT and VT ratio

Calculate
3I0 3I0 < 3%.Ir
after DFF

>1
Directional
pre-filtering

check
& TRIP

3I0diff
after DFF
START
Ibias
after DFF

11kV
BUU:PTUA-R Training

C:\Janez\VISIOFIG\
© ABB Bangalore.

Vfj_0101.vsd
Slide No - 51
© ABB Bangalore.
BUU:PTUA-R Training
Slide No - 52
CAP 531 Function Block for REF1
 Settings for REF

Parameter description Param. name Unit Range Step Default

Operation Restricted Earth Fault Protection, Off/On Operation 0=Off, 1=On 0-1 1 0
Maximum sensitivity in % of Ir Idmin *
% of Ir 5 - 50 1 30
Relay Operate Angle in deg. roa deg 60 - 90 1 75

* = Rated Current of the Power Transformer Winding to which relevant REF

instance is connected in CAP tool

Service Values for REF

Parameter description Param. name Range
Differential current in A Idiff 0.0 - 99999.9
Bias current in A Ibias 0.0 - 99999.9

Above service values are always related to the power transformer winding to
which REF instance is connected
BUU:PTUA-R Training
© ABB Bangalore.
Slide No - 53
 Ordering REF functions

X
X

Select how many REF functions shall be included

BUU:PTUA-R Training
© ABB Bangalore.
Slide No - 54
© ABB Bangalore.
BUU:PTUA-R Training
Slide No - 55

RET 521 - Time delayed OC protections

 RET 521 - time delayed OC protections

„ TOCn - Two-stage phase OC protection

„ operates on the basis of a maximum current measured in all three
phases
„ low set stage is dependent (IDMT) or independent time delayed
„ high set stage has independent time delay
„ directional operation is optional (needs 3 Ph-Gnd voltage inputs)
„ directional function is cross polarized (90o connection)
„ directional function has settable rca
„ configurable to all windings
„ up to three instances are available
BUU:PTUA-R Training
© ABB Bangalore.
Slide No - 56
 Directional overcurrent protection
ROA=90o
operate UL1 „ Directional measurement
„ Cross polarised voltage is
block
UL1L2 used for the directional
IL1 measurement (90 deg.
UL3L1 (ϕ = 0) RCA=30o
connection)
Direction
of UL2L3 „ Relay characteristic angle
RCA is settable between 20
UL3 UL2 and 50 deg.
UL2L3
Non-operation zone „ Relay operate angle ROA is
Zone of operation settable between 60 and 90
deg.
Phase L1 directional
boundary (ROA=900)
BUU:PTUA-R Training
© ABB Bangalore.
Slide No - 57
 Settings for non-directional TOC
Parameter description Param. name Unit Range Step Default
Operation Three-phase Time Overcurrent
Operation Off, On Off
Protection, Off/On
Rated current for user defined side in A IrUserDef A 1 - 99999 1 1000
Start current, lowset in % of Ir IsetLow % of Ir * 10 - 500 1 120
Start current, highset in % of Ir IsetHigh % of Ir * 10 - 2000 1 200
Time characteristic for TOC1, DEF/NI/VI/EI/LI CurveType DEF, NI, VI, EI, LI DEF
Definite delay lowset in sec. tDefLow s 0.03 - 240.00 0.01 0.50
Minimum operating time in sec. tMin s 0.05 - 1.00 0.01 0.05
Definite delay highset in sec. tDefHigh s 0.03 - 5.00 0.01 0.10
Time multiplier for inverse time function k 0.05 - 1.10 0.01 0.30
Block lowset, Off/On BlockLow Off, On Off
Block highset, Off/On BlockHigh Off, On Off

= Rated Current of the Power Transformer Winding to which relevant TOC instance is connected in CAP tool
*
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© ABB Bangalore.
Slide No - 58
 Additional settings for directional TOC
Parameter description Param. name Unit Range Step Default
Direction for trip, lowset, NonDir, Forward,
DirectionLow NonDir
NonDir/Forward/Reverse Reverse
Direction for trip, highset, NonDir, Forward,
DirectionHigh NonDir
NonDir/Forward/Reverse Reverse
Relay Characteristic Angle in deg. rca deg 20 - 50 1 30
Relay Operate Angle in deg. roa deg 60 - 90 1 75
Action low pol. voltage, lowset , NonDir/Block UActionLow NonDir, Block NonDir
Action low pol. voltage, highset , NonDir/Block UActionHigh NonDir, Block NonDir
Rated voltage for user defined side, in kV UrUserDef kV 1.0 - 999.9 0.1 100.0

Service Values for TOC

Parameter description Param. name Range

Highest current in A Imax 0.0 - 99999.9
BUU:PTUA-R Training
© ABB Bangalore.
Slide No - 59
© ABB Bangalore.
BUU:PTUA-R Training
Slide No - 60
CAP 531 Function Block for TOC1 & 2
 Ordering TOC functions

X
X

Select how many non-directional/directional TOC functions

shall be included
BUU:PTUA-R Training
© ABB Bangalore.
Slide No - 61
© ABB Bangalore.
BUU:PTUA-R Training
Slide No - 62

RET 521 - time delayed E/F overcurrent prot.

 RET 521 - Time delayed E/F overcurrent protection

„ TEFn- two stage earth fault OC protection

„ the residual current is measured directly or calculated in the
terminal
„ low stage is dependent (IDMT) or independent time delayed
„ high set stage has independent time delay
„ the operation can be restrained by the presence of a second
harmonic component in measured current
„ directional operation is optional (needs 1 or 3 voltage inputs)
„ directional function is voltage polarized
„ directional function has settable rca
„ can be configured to all windings
BUU:PTUA-R Training

„ can be used also for other purposes (tank protection)

© ABB Bangalore.
Slide No - 63

„ up to three instances are available

 Settings for non-directional TEF
Parameter description Param. name Unit Range Step Default
Operation Earth Fault Time Current Protection,
Operation Off, On Off
Off/On
Rated current for user defined side in A IrUserDef A 1 - 99999 1 1000
Start current, lowset in % of Ir IsetLow % of Ir * 3 - 500 1 20
Start current, highset in % of Ir IsetHigh % of Ir * 20 - 2000 1 100
Start current limit factor for logarithmic (LOG) IStart 1.0 - 4.0 0.1 1.0
Time characteristic for TEF1, DEF, NI, VI, EI,
CurveType DEF
DEF/NI/VI/EI/LI/LOG LI, LOG
Definite delay lowset in sec. tDefLow s 0.03 - 240.00 0.01 0.50
Minimum operating time in sec. tMin s 0.05 - 1.00 0.01 0.05
Minimum operating time for LOG delay, in sec. tLog s 0.03 - 10.00 0.01 0.50
Definite delay highset in sec. tDefHigh s 0.03 - 10.00 0.01 0.10
Time multipler for inverse time function k 0.05 - 1.10 0.01 0.30
2nd Harmonic stabilization lowset, Off/On 2harLow Off, On Off
2nd Harmonic stabilization highset, Off/On 2harHigh Off, On Off
Second to first harmonic ratio in % I2/I1ratio % 10 - 25 1 20
Block lowset, Off/On BlockLow Off, On Off
Block highset, Off/On BlockHigh Off, On Off
BUU:PTUA-R Training

= Rated Current of the Power Transformer Winding to which relevant TEF instance is connected in CAP tool
*
© ABB Bangalore.
Slide No - 64
 Additional settings for directional TEF
Parameter description Param. name Unit Range Step Default
Direction for trip, lowset, NonDir, Forward,
DirectionLow NonDir
NonDir/Forward/Reverse Reverse
Direction for trip, highset, NonDir, Forward,
DirectionHigh NonDir
NonDir/Forward/Reverse Reverse
Relay Characteristic Angle in deg. rca deg 0 - 90 1 70
Relay Operate Angle in deg. roa deg 60 - 90 1 75
Rated voltage for user defined side, in kV UrUserDef kV 1.0 - 999.9 0.1 100.0

Service Values for TEF

Parameter description Param. name Range

EarthFault current in A 3Io 0.0 - 99999.9
EarthFault voltage in kV 3Uo 0.0 - 999.9
= Additional Service Value for Directional Earth Fault Function
BUU:PTUA-R Training
© ABB Bangalore.
Slide No - 65
© ABB Bangalore.
BUU:PTUA-R Training
Slide No - 66
CAP 531 Function Block for TEF
 Ordering TEF functions

X
X
X

Select how many non-directional/directional TEF functions

shall be included
BUU:PTUA-R Training
© ABB Bangalore.
Slide No - 67
© ABB Bangalore.
BUU:PTUA-R Training
Slide No - 68

RET 521 - Time delayed U> and U< protections

 RET 521 - Time delayed U> and U< protections

„ Three-phase or one-phase
measurement

U> „ Independent low and high set stages

Trip
A/D Conversion, Scaling with VT „ Low set stage has:
TOV
„ independent time delay at TOVn-
ratio, PreFiltering & DFF

and TUVn-
„ very inverse IDMT delay at TOVn
„ Functions are configurable to all
windings
U< Trip „ One-phase or three-phase voltage
inputs are available
TUV
„ Different tripping options
BUU:PTUA-R Training
© ABB Bangalore.
Slide No - 69
 Residual time O/V protection function

„ Used for high impedance earthed or

RET 521 isolated power systems
(Low EarthFault current)
Delayed operation at internal and

A/D Conversion, Scaling with VT

„
external earth faults

ratio, PreFiltering & DFF

„ 1Ph Input from Open Delta VT
„ 3Ph Input from Yy connected VTs
U Trip (RET 521 internally calculates zero
sequence voltage)
TOV

U Trip

TOV
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© ABB Bangalore.
Slide No - 70
 All Settings for TOV
Parameter description Param. name Unit Range Step Default
Operation Time Overvoltage Protection, Off/On Operation Off, On Off
Start voltage, lowset in % of Ur UsetLow % of Ur* 5.0 - 200.0 0.1 120.0
Start voltage, highset in % of Ur UsetHigh % of Ur* 5.0 - 200.0 0.1 150.0
Time characteristic for TOV1, DEF/VI CurveType DEF, VI DEF
Definite delay lowset in sec. tDefLow s 0.03 - 120.00 0.01 10.00
Minimum operating time in sec. tMin s 0.05 - 1.00 0.01 0.50
Definite delay highset in sec. tDefHigh s 0.03 - 60.00 0.01 2.00
Time multiplier for inverse time function k 0.05 - 1.10 0.01 0.30
Block lowset, Off/On BlockLow Off, On Off
Block highset, Off/On BlockHigh Off, On Off

= Rated Voltage of the Power Transformer Winding to which relevant TOV instance is connected in CAP tool
*
Service Values for TOV
Parameter description Param. name Range
BUU:PTUA-R Training

Highest of measured voltages in kV Umax 0.0 - 999.9

© ABB Bangalore.
Slide No - 71
 All Settings for TUV
Parameter description Param. name Unit Range Step Default
Operation Time Undervoltage Protection, Off/On Operation Off, On Off
Start voltage, lowset in % of Ur UsetLow % of Ur* 5.0 - 130.0 0.1 50.0
Start voltage, highset in % of Ur UsetHigh % of Ur* 5.0 - 130.0 0.1 70.0
Definite delay lowset in sec. tDefLow s 0.03 - 120.00 0.01 2.00
Definite delay highset in sec. tDefHigh s 0.03 - 120.00 0.01 10.00
Block lowset, Off/On BlockLow Off, On Off
Block highset, Off/On BlockLow Off, On Off

= Rated Voltage of the Power Transformer Winding to which relevant TUV instance is connected in CAP tool
*

Service Values for TUV

Parameter description Param. name Range
Lowest of measured voltages in kV Umin 0.0 - 999.9
BUU:PTUA-R Training
© ABB Bangalore.
Slide No - 72
© ABB Bangalore.
BUU:PTUA-R Training
Slide No - 73
CAP 531 Function Block for TOV1,2 & TUV
 Ordering TOV/TUV functions

X
X

Select how many TOV/TUV functions shall be included

BUU:PTUA-R Training
© ABB Bangalore.
Slide No - 74
© ABB Bangalore.
BUU:PTUA-R Training
Slide No - 75

RET 521 - thermal overload protection

 RET 521 - THermal OverLoad protection

„ THOL protection measures

maximum of the three phase
currents
„ Two stages with different time
constants
„ Stage One: ONAN Rating
„ Stage Two: ONAF Rating
„ Binary input is used to switch
from stage one to stage two
„ Configurable to all windings
BUU:PTUA-R Training
© ABB Bangalore.
Slide No - 76
 All Settings for THOL
Parameter description Param. name Unit Range Step Default
Operation Thermal Overload Protection, Off/On Operation Off, On Off
Normal base current, in % of Ir Ib1 % of Ir * 30 - 250 1 100
Base current with true COOLING input signal in *
Ib2 % of Ir 30 - 250 1 100
% of Ir
Thermal overload steady state trip current in %
Itr % of Ibx 50 - 250 1 110
of Ibx
ThetaInit % of Itr^2 0 - 95 1 50
Initial heat content in % of heat content trip level
TimeConstant1 min 1 - 500 1 60
Normal time constant, in min, used with Ib1
TimeConstant2 min 1 - 500 1 60
Time constant, in min, used with Ib2
1:st alarm level, in % of heat content trip level Alarm1 % of Itr^2 50 - 99 1 80
2:nd alarm level, in % of heat content trip level Alarm2 % of Itr^2 50 - 99 1 90

ResetLockOut % of Itr^2 10 - 95 1 50
Lockout reset level in % of heat content trip level

= Rated Current of the Power Transformer Winding to which relevant THOL function is connected in CAP tool
*
BUU:PTUA-R Training
© ABB Bangalore.
Slide No - 77
 Service Values for THOL
Parameter description Param. name Unit Range
Measured current in % of thermal overload base
Imeasured % of Ibx 0 - 250
current
Thermal status in % of heat content trip level ThermalStatus % of Itr^2 0 - 999
NotActive,
Time to trip calc. >1.3*Time
TimeToTrCalc
NotActive/>1.3*TimeConst/Active Const,
Active
Time to trip thermal overload, in min. TimeToTrip min 1 - 650
NotActive,
Time to reset lockout calc. >1.3*Time
TimeToRstCalc
NotActive/>1.3*TimeConst/Active Const,
Active
Time to reset lockout function, in min. TimeToReset min 1 - 650
BUU:PTUA-R Training
© ABB Bangalore.
Slide No - 78
© ABB Bangalore.
BUU:PTUA-R Training
Slide No - 79
CAP 531 Function Block for THOL
 Ordering THOL function

Select should THOL function be included or not

BUU:PTUA-R Training
© ABB Bangalore.
Slide No - 80
© ABB Bangalore.
BUU:PTUA-R Training
Slide No - 81

RET 521 - overexcitation protection

 RET 521 - OVEX- overexcitation protection
145kV

„ Configurable to all windings

A/D converter, scalling with CT and VT ratio „ 3Ph or Ph-Ph Voltage input
„ OVEX- gets information on
frequency from FRME
pre-filtering and DFF

FRME- „ Possible to compensate for

voltage drop on winding
leakage reactance
OVEX- TRIP
„ IEEE curves or tailor made
curve
„ Definite Time ALARM
available
C:\Janez\VISIOFIG\
Vfj_0103.vsd
„ Delayed Reset (i.e. memory)
BUU:PTUA-R Training

11kV
© ABB Bangalore.
Slide No - 82
 Over-Excitation protection with IEEE Curve
• ALARM signal can be delayed from 0 to 120sec
• Relative OverExitation for IEEE curve is calculated as M= (E / f)/(Emaxcont / frated)
• For IEEE Curve top=0,18*k/(M-1)2; k is settable from 1 to 60
• Integration method is used to calculate trip time (i.e. accumulated heat content)
• Exponential reset of accumulated heat content with settable time constant
• Settable Emax limit (it defines Mmax= (Emax / f)/(Emaxcont / frated))

overexcitation
top
tmax
Tailor Curve

underexcitation
}
(Mmax-1)/5

IEEE Curve “Definite Time Trip”

tmin

0,0 1,0 Mmax

M
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Overexcitation [pu]
© ABB Bangalore.
Slide No - 83
 OverExcitation protection with “Tailor Made” Curve

• ALARM signal can be delayed from 0 to 120sec

• Relative OverExitation for Tailor curve is M= (E / f)/(Emaxcont / frated)
• Possible to set trip times for six predefined points
• Linear Interpolation between two points is used to calculate trip time
• Integration method is used to calculate trip time (i.e. accumulated heat content)
• Exponential reset of accumulated heat content with settable time constant
• Settable Emax limit (it defines Mmax= (Emax / f)/(Emaxcont / frated))

overexcitation
top
tmax
Tailor Curve

underexcitation
}

(Mmax-1)/5

IEEE Curve “Definite Time Trip”

BUU:PTUA-R Training

tmin
© ABB Bangalore.

0,0 1,0 Mmax

Slide No - 84

Overexcitation [pu] M
 All Settings for OVEX
Parameter description Param. name Unit Range Step Default
Operation Overexcitation Protection (V/Hz), Off/On Operation 0 = Off, 1 = On Off, On Off
Emax continous no-load, in p.u. Emaxcont p.u. 1.00 - 1.50 0.01 1.10
Excitation with tMin delay, in p.u. Emax p.u. 1.20 - 1.80 0.01 1.40
Minimum operating time in sec. tMin s 0.50 - 30.00 0.01 1.00
Maximum time delay for overexcitation, in min. tMax min 10 - 120 1 30
Time multiplier for inverse time function k 1 - 60 1 1
Transformer core cooling time constant, in min. Tcool min 1 - 120 1 20
Time delay for alarm, in sec. tAlarm s 0 - 120 1 0
Time value in sec. for Time 1 t1 s 0 - 7200 1 7200
Time value in sec. for Time 2 t2 s 0 - 7200 1 3600
Time value in sec. for Time 3 t3 s 0 - 7200 1 1800
Time value in sec. for Time 4 t4 s 0 - 7200 1 900
Time value in sec. for Time 5 t5 s 0 - 7200 1 450
Time value in sec. for Time 6 t6 s 0 - 7200 1 225
IEEE,
Time characteristic for OVEX , IEEE/Tailor made CurveType IEEE
Tailor made
Winding reactance in p.u. Sr base Xleak p.u. Sr base 0.000 - 0.250 0.001 0.000
BUU:PTUA-R Training
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Slide No - 85
 Service Values for OVEX

Parameter description Param. name Range

Relative voltage to frequency ratio. V/Hz 0.000 - 10.000
Time to trip overexcitation, in sec. tTRIP 0 - 7200
Thermal status in % of trip value ThermalStatus 0.0 - 1000.0
BUU:PTUA-R Training
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Slide No - 86
 Settings & Service Values for FRME

Parameter description Param. name Unit Range Step Default

Operation Frequency Measurement Function, Off/On Operation 0=Off, 1=On 0 - 1 1 0

Service Values for FRME

Parameter description Param. name Range

Power system frequency in Hz f 00.000 - 99.000
BUU:PTUA-R Training
© ABB Bangalore.
Slide No - 87
© ABB Bangalore.
BUU:PTUA-R Training
Slide No - 88
CAP 531 Function Block for OVEX
 Ordering OVEX function

Select should OVEX function be included or not

BUU:PTUA-R Training
© ABB Bangalore.
Slide No - 89
 Inputs for external contacts and logical elements

Inputs and logic for, e.g.:

R E T 521
„ Transformer temperature
BIM
Temp. devices „ Buchholz Gas devices
Trip
„ Pressure devices
θ>
>
θ> 1
To obtain:
Buchholz
„ Indication
Indication „ Disturbance Report
Event rec.
Trip „ Event recording
&
„ Tripping
>1 Logic elements for free use:
And, Or, Inverter, Timer, Pulse timer
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© ABB Bangalore.
Slide No - 90
© ABB Bangalore.
BUU:PTUA-R Training
Slide No - 91

RET 521 - voltage control function

 RET 521 - VCTR- voltage control function
ABB Relays RET521

„ Busbar voltage maintained within the

pre-set dead-band around the set
value
VCTR C

„ Control for:
„ single transformer with LDC
„ reverse reactance principle
„ Master-Follower by CAP configuration
„ Up to four parallel operating
transformers based on minimised
circulating current method
„ Exchange of information via LON
communication
„ Extensive monitoring of tap changer
Load
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© ABB Bangalore.
Slide No - 92
 RET 521 - VCTR for one transformer

„ Manual or auto control mode

„ Manual control from built-in HMI / Local / Station /
Remote
„ Inverse or definite time characteristic for first & other
consecutive steps
„ Start signal is available
„ Line voltage drop compensation or simple reverse
reactance control method is available
„ Automatic and manual load voltage adjustment
„ Fast step down option is available
„ Tap changer reversed action can be detected & used to
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block VCTR
© ABB Bangalore.
Slide No - 93
 RET 521 - blocking conditions for VCTR

„ Total block „ Block of the automatic mode

„ overcurrent condition „ via built-in HMI
„ total block via „ via binary input
‹ built-in HMI „ under-voltage condition
‹ binary input
„ command error
„ analogue input error
„ position indication error
„ Partial block „ disconnected transformer
„ no raise command at overvoltage „ reverse action (temporary)
„ no lower command at under- „ communication error at parallel
voltage operation
„ extreme positions of tap changer „ circulating current limit at parallel
operation
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Slide No - 94
 RET 521 - VCTR tap changer supervision

„ Pre-set output pulse duration of commands

„ Measurement and display of tap-changer position
„ Detection of reached extreme position
„ Supervision of the execution of a command
„ Hourly, daily and contradictory hunting detection
„ Counting the total number of operation from the specific date
„ Contact life supervision (remaining number of operations at rated
load)
BUU:PTUA-R Training
© ABB Bangalore.
Slide No - 95
 RET 521 - VCTR for parallel transformers
„ Minimizing Circulating Current Principle
„ Up to four/eight transformers in the substation/Group

„ Able to calculate True Busbar Voltage calculated as average value of

all measured voltages in the group
„ VT Supervision and Alarm
„ Able to use average of all target voltage values within the group as
common set point
„ Simultaneous Tapping in the group can be prohibited
„ Automatic control for hot-standby transformer
„ Adaptable to the substation LV & HV topology
„ Line voltage drop compensation is available
Time delay circulating current blocking
BUU:PTUA-R Training

„
© ABB Bangalore.
Slide No - 96
 Ordering VCTR & DR functions

Select should VCTR & DR functions be included or not

BUU:PTUA-R Training
© ABB Bangalore.
Slide No - 97
 New Protection Functions in RET521 Library
Multipurpose General Protection Function (GF)

Summary of function

-The RET 521 terminal can be provided with up to 12 multipurpose general

function protection modules.

-All general function protection modules are executed in RET521 fastest internal
execution cycle (i.e. five times in each fundamental power system cycle).

-The GF-function is always connected to 3-Ph current and 3-Ph voltage input in
the configuration tool, but it will always measure current and quantity, selected by
the end user in the setting tool

-Each module can be configured to any side of the transformer.

-Its also possible to configure any number of modules to the same side of the
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power transformer.
© ABB Bangalore.
Slide No - 98
 New Protection Functions in RET521 Library
Multipurpose General Protection Function (GF)

Each General Function module has following protection elements (feature) built in:

A) Two non-directional over-current stages working completely independently

from each other.
B) Current restrained feature is available
C) Voltage restrained/controlled feature is available
D) Directional criteria is available
E) One over-voltage and one under-voltage stage.
BUU:PTUA-R Training
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Slide No - 99
 New Protection Functions in RET521 Library

Frequency protection function (FRF)

Over/under frequency protection can be used for several power system protection
and control applications. for examples

-Under-frequency for load shedding and

-Power generation unit protection.

In RET 521 up to three FRF modules can be ordered. Each module has

-one over-frequency stage and

-one under-frequency stage

with independently settable frequency pickup and definite time delay.

Note: Frequency can be measured either with single phase or three phase voltage.
BUU:PTUA-R Training
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Slide No - 100
 Event Recorder

„ Records terminal related signals

„ Up to 150 events per recording
„ Common functionality with the
disturbance recorder:
„ Up to 10 different recordings
„ Recorded events (0- 48)
„ Recording times
„ Triggering conditions
„ Time-tagging
„ Accessible via SMS or SCS
„ Separate SCS mask
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Slide No - 101
 Disturbance Recorder - Technical data

„ Recorded signals
„ 0 to 10 analogue signals
„ 0 to 48 digital signals,
„ both binary inputs and
internal logical signals
„ All signals are selectable
„ Triggering on
„ Level of U and I signals
„ Binary signals
„ Manual
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Slide No - 102
 Communication

Multi Protocol Support

LON
•Local Operating Network (LON) based on
LonTalk Protocol from Echelon Corporation
•Defacto standard in industry segment
•Follows OSI-model
• Extension for IEC 870-5-101
• Multi-master peer-to-peer protocol
•Control and protection communication
•Fibre connection glass / plastic

SPA
•Open ASCII-based protocol
•Defacto standard in relay and control
•Master-slave principle
•Control and protection communication
•Fibre connection glass / plastic
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© ABB Bangalore.
Slide No - 103
© ABB Bangalore.
BUU:PTUA-R Training
Slide No - 104
 Substation Automation Configuration/Setting
Example/Testing
and
Protection Training RET 521

C
E
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Slide No - 105
 RET 521 - Flexible Functional Structure (CAP531 configurable)
145kV
AI module Main processing module BO module

DIFP-

A/D converter, scalling with CT and VT ratio

150A/1A

TOCn- TRIP

DFF in primary values

Ir1 = 120A

pre-filtering
30MVA 150A/1A ALARM
REFn-

TRIP block

BO
TEFn-
110V
3
11kV
3

1800A/1A TOVn-

Ir2 = 1575A

BI module

>1
11kV BI
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© ABB Bangalore.
Slide No - 106

C:\Janez\VISIOFIG\
VFJ_0097.vsd
© ABB Bangalore.
BUU:PTUA-R Training
Slide No - 107
CAP 531 Function Block for Analogue Input Module
 CAP 531 Function Block for Digital Fourier Filters
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© ABB Bangalore.
Slide No - 108
© ABB Bangalore.
BUU:PTUA-R Training
Slide No - 109
CAP 531 Function Block for Disturbance Recorder
 Main Principles for RET 521 Configuration
Analogue Filtering & Protection Trip Blocks, Binary Outputs
Inputs Disturbance and Control Other Logic & (i.e. Trip, Raise,
Event Recording
Recording Functions Lower etc.)

{
{ AIM1

Differential (DIFP)
3Ph DFF
{

Transformer
(C3P1)

TRIP
{
BOM

TRIP
BLOCK

Red Colour
Indicates 3Ph DFF Subsidiary
(C3P2)
Settings Configuration
Input-Output Hardware
mA & Binary Fixed Signals
Internal Signals
Inputs Time Synchronization
Active Setting Group
3Ph DFF TOC AND
Test Mode
Tap Position as mA Input
Oil Temperature as mA Input { mim
(C3P3)
Inputs and Settings
are always located on
MIM 1Ph DFF
Left-hand side of
(V1P1) OR function block
Outputs are always

{
Oil Temp trip via Binary Input located on Right-hand
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Pressure trip via Binary Input side of function block

External Block of OC Function BIM DR (DR01-10) TOV
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EVENT
Slide No - 110
 Settings Example

Transformer Data:
132/69/11kV
ONAN: 30/30/4MVA
ONAF: 40/40/4MVA

250/1

To Set:
1200/5 Transformer Data
CT Data
DIFP
HV OC
HV EF
500/1 VCTR Single

66000/110V
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Slide No - 111
 Settings Example
Step N. 1: SET POWER TRANSFORMER DATA
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Slide No - 113

Settings Example
Step N. 2: SET TAP CHANGER DATA
 Settings Example
Step N. 3: SET CT data (AIM1)

CT1:

CT2:

CT3:
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 Settings Example
Step N. 3: SET CT data (AIM1)

CT4:

CT5:

CT6:
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 Settings Example
Step N. 3: SET CT data (AIM1)

CT7:

CT8:

CT9:
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 Settings Example
Step N. 3: SET DIFP

ZSCSub (Zero Sequence Current Subtraction

only affects delta windings; it is automatically
done in star windings!). If you have a delta
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winding earthed
(by zig-zag) zero sequence current should be
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Slide No - 117

taken away.
 Testing Example
Connect the terminal to the test equipment (DOBLE/OMICRON).
You need a test equipment with 6 current generators.

Inject currents in HV CTs and MV CTs.

Check in HMI if everything is connected correctly I.e. if RET 521 is reading
the injected quantities.

Careful with MV side quantities, they might be shown with 180 degrees
displacement because positive reference is always toward the power
transformer.
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Slide No - 118
 Testing Example
Calculate stable through load condition at 40 MVA at HV and MV side:

1.43 DIFP
250/1

0.7 A 1A
175 A
DIFFERENTIAL
Algorithm
1200/5
Set: 0.3
0.113
0A

0A
1.493
500/1
0.67 A 1A

335 A
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ISX IDX
ratio = IDX / ISX
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Slide No - 119
 Testing Example
Through load condition at 40 MVA at HV side:
175 A
IL1SECONDARY = = 0.7 A 0o
250
175 A
IL 2 SECONDARY = = 0.7 A 240o
250 Inject through load
condition at HV and
175 A MV side.
IL3SECONDARY = = 0.7 A 120o
250
Through load condition at 40 MVA at MV side:
Observe no trip.
335 A
IL1SECONDARY = = 0.67 A 0o
500
335 A
IL 2 SECONDARY = = 0.67 A 240o
500
335 A
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IL3SECONDARY = = 0.67 A 120o

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500
Slide No - 120
 Testing Example
Invert the phase of MV currents and inject again the 6 quantities:

IL1SECONDARY = 0.7 A 0o
IL 2 SECONDARY = 0.7 A 240o HV
IL3SECONDARY = 0.7 A 120o

IL1SECONDARY = 0.67 A 180o

IL 2 SECONDARY = 0.67 A 60o MV
IL3SECONDARY = 0.67 A 300o

Observe TRIP from DIFP

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 Testing Example
PICK-UP DIFFERENTIAL CURRENT (3-PHASE FAULT) FROM HV SIDE:

1.43 DIFP
250/1

0.21 A 0.3A
52.5 A
DIFFERENTIAL
Algorithm
1200/5
Set: 0.3

0A 0.113

0A
1.493
500/1
0A 0A

0A
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Slide No - 122
 Testing Example
CHECK PICK-UP DIFFERENTIAL CURRENT
(3-PHASE FAULT FROM HV SIDE):

IL1SECONDARY = 0.21 A 0o
IL 2 SECONDARY = 0.21 A 240o HV
IL3SECONDARY = 0.21 A 120o

IL1SECONDARY = 0 A
IL 2 SECONDARY = 0 A MV
IL3SECONDARY = 0 A
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Observe TRIP from DIFP (Pick up at 0.21 A)

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Slide No - 123
 Testing Example
PICK-UP DIFFERENTIAL CURRENT (1-PHASE FAULT) FROM HV SIDE:
1.43/1.732 DIFP
250/1

0.36 A 0.3A
90.8 A (1Ph)
DIFFERENTIAL
Algorithm
1200/5
Set: 0.3

0A 0.113

0A
1.493
500/1
0A 0A

0A
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 Testing Example
CHECK PICK-UP DIFFERENTIAL CURRENT
(1-PHASE FAULT FROM HV SIDE):

IL1SECONDARY = 0.363 A 0o
IL 2 SECONDARY = 0 A 240o HV
IL3SECONDARY = 0 A 120o

IL1SECONDARY = 0 A
IL 2 SECONDARY = 0 A MV
IL3SECONDARY = 0 A
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Observe TRIP from DIFP (Pick up at 0.363 A)

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Slide No - 125
 Testing Example
PICK-UP DIFFERENTIAL CURRENT (3-PHASE FAULT) FROM MV SIDE:

1.43 DIFP
250/1

0 A 0A
0A
DIFFERENTIAL
Algorithm
1200/5
Set: 0.3

0A 0.113

0A
1.493
500/1
0.201 A 0.3 A

100.5 A
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 Testing Example
CHECK PICK-UP DIFFERENTIAL CURRENT
(3-PHASE FAULT FROM MV SIDE):

IL1SECONDARY = 0 A 0o
IL 2 SECONDARY = 0 A 240o HV
IL3SECONDARY = 0 A 120o

IL1SECONDARY = 0.201 A 0o
IL 2 SECONDARY = 0.201 A 240o MV
IL3SECONDARY = 0.201 A 120o
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Observe TRIP from DIFP (Pick up at 0.201 A)

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Slide No - 127
 Testing Example
PICK-UP DIFFERENTIAL CURRENT (1-PHASE FAULT) FROM MV SIDE:

1.43 DIFP
250/1

0 A 0A
0A
DIFFERENTIAL
Algorithm
1200/5
Set: 0.3

0A 0.113

0A
1.493 / 1.732
500/1
0.348 A 0.3 A

174 A (1Ph)
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 Testing Example
CHECK PICK-UP DIFFERENTIAL CURRENT
(1-PHASE FAULT FROM MV SIDE):

IL1SECONDARY = 0 A 0o
IL 2 SECONDARY = 0 A 240o HV
IL3SECONDARY = 0 A 120o

IL1SECONDARY = 0.348 A 0o
IL 2 SECONDARY = 0 MV
IL3SECONDARY = 0
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Observe TRIP from DIFP (Pick up at 0.348 A)

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 Testing Example
PICK-UP DIFFERENTIAL CURRENT (3-PHASE FAULT) FROM LV SIDE:

1.43 DIFP
250/1

0A 0A
0A
DIFFERENTIAL
Algorithm
1200/5
Set: 0.3

635 A 0.113

2.649 A 0.3 A
1.493
500/1
0A 0A

0A
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Slide No - 130
 Testing Example
CHECK PICK-UP DIFFERENTIAL CURRENT
(3-PHASE FAULT FROM LV SIDE):

IL1SECONDARY = 0 A 0o
IL 2 SECONDARY = 0 A 240o HV
IL3SECONDARY = 0 A 120o

IL1SECONDARY = 2.649 A 0o
IL 2 SECONDARY = 2.649 A 240o LV
IL3SECONDARY = 2.649 A 120o

Observe TRIP from DIFP (Pick up at 2.649 A)

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 Testing Example
PICK-UP DIFFERENTIAL CURRENT (1-PHASE FAULT) FROM LV SIDE:

1.43 DIFP
250/1

0A 0A
0A
DIFFERENTIAL
Algorithm
1200/5
Set: 0.3

635 A 0.113
(1Ph)
2.649 A 0.3 A
1.493
500/1
0A 0A

0A
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Slide No - 132
 Testing Example
CHECK PICK-UP DIFFERENTIAL CURRENT
(1-PHASE FAULT FROM LV SIDE):

IL1SECONDARY = 0 A 0o
IL 2 SECONDARY = 0 A 240o HV
IL3SECONDARY = 0 A 120o

IL1SECONDARY = 2.649 A 0o
IL 2 SECONDARY = 0 A 240o LV
IL3SECONDARY = 0 A 120o
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Observe TRIP from DIFP (Pick up at 2.649 A)

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Slide No - 134