NICOTINE SULPHATE (CAP: 400 KG/DAY)

[EIRI/EDPR/3953] (J.C.: 2077)

INTRODUCTION

From harvesting of tobacco to manufacture of products, large quantities of waste

materials comprising rejected leaves broken bits of lamina nidribs, stalks and
stems accumulate such materials however can be utilized with considerable
benefit. Nicotine and tobacco seeds are by far the most important by products
derived from tobacco waste.

In addition many other chemicals like nicotine acid, nicotine sulphate, rutin,
pectic and certain organic acids can be produced from these wastes.

The average nicotine content in Indian tobacco waste is 1-3% waste containing
even less than 2 percent nicotine can be utilized. A simple and economic process
by which about 95% of the nicotine present in tobacco waste can be recovered as
nicotine sulphate has been developed by National Chemical Laboratory, Poona,
and is being commercially exploited by Tobacco By Products Ltd., Guntur
Urvakunj Tobacco By Products, Dharmaj (Gujarat) is also one of the nicotine
sulphate manufacturing units.

Nicotine sulphate is extensively used in the control of insect pest of agricultural

importance. It is being manufactured from waste tobacco and from the liquors
obtained from factories making chewing and smoking tobacco. The waste tobacco
is macerated with water and lime and then steam distilled. The distillate is
neutralized with sulphuric acid and concentrated.

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 CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION
USES AND APPLICATIONS
PROPERTIES
HAZARD AND SHIPPING REGULATION:-
PHYSIOLOGY & TECHNOLOGY OF NICOTINE
B.I.S. SPECIFICATION
1. SCOPE
2. REQUIREMENTS
3. PACKING AND MARKING
4. SAMPLING
5. TESTS
APPENDIX -A
DETERMINATION OF NICOTINE CONTENT
A - 1 METHOD
A - 2 REAGENTS
APPENDIX - B
SEDIMENTATION TEST
B - 1 PROCEDURE
B - 2 REPORT
NICOTINE SULPHATE 40%
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION:
MODE OF ACTION:
USES:
CHEMICAL FORMULA:
ADVANTAGES:
NICOTINE SULPHATE 40%
MARKET OF NICOTINE SULPHATE
PRODUCTION OF PESTICIDES IN INDIA
NICOTINE MARKET IN INDIA
PRODUCTS FROM TOBACCO AND TOBACCO WASTES:
NICOTINE/NICOTINE DERIVATIVES FROM TOBACCO:
NICOTINE AND ITS COMMERCIALLY IMPORTANT DERIVATIVES:
WORLD PESTICIDE MARKET AND PROSPECTS FOR NICOTINE SULPHATE
STATUS OF TOBACCO WASTE BASED INDUSTRIES IN INDIA
OVERVIEW OF TECHNOLOGIES FOR NICOTINE BASED PRODUCTS
NEED FOR DEVELOPMENT OF ALTERNATE USE FOR TOBACCO:
A LOOK AT THE ORGANS OF THE BODY HARMED BY TOBACCO SMOKE
PHARMACEUTICAL USE OF NICOTINE:
COMMERCIAL ASPECTS OF NICOTINE SULPHATE & NICOTINE DERIVATIVES

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MARKET PRICES OF NICOTINE AND ITS SALTS:
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS:
RECOMMENDATIONS:
PRESENT MANUFACTURERS/SUPPLIERS OF NICOTINE SULPHATE
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION
CHEMISTRY OF NICOTINE
THE DISTILLATION AND CONCENTRATION INSTALLATION WAS BUILT UP AS
FOLLOWS:-
(1) THE STEAM DISTILLATION KETTLE.
(2) THE STEAM-HEATED NICOTINE CONCENTRATION CHAMBER.
(3) THE NICOTINE CONCENTRATIOIN FLASKS.
(D) THE DISTILLATION AND CONCENTRATION PROCESS.
(1) THE CONCENTRATION OF THE ACID IN THE FLASKS.
(2) THE TEMPERATURE OF THE CONCENTRATION CHAMBER
(3) THE DLSTILLATION PERIOD.
(4) THE AMMONIUNN SULPHATE FORMED IN 'THE RECEIVING FLASKS.
(5) THE SEPARATION OF THE AMMONIUM SULPHATE AND NECOTINE
SULPHATE
VALUE OF BY PRODUCTS.
THE EXTRACTED TOBACCO RESIDUE.
COMMERCIAL
CHARACTERISTICS & APPLICATION OF NICOTINE:-
MODE ACTION:-
ZONES OF CULTIVATION OF TOBACCO:-
RAW MATERIALS
TOBACCO:-
CULTIVATION
SOWING AND GROWTH
HARVEST
GLOBAL PRODUCTION
TRENDS
MAJOR PRODUCERS
UNITED STATES
CHINA
BRAZIL
INDIA
BENZENE:-
HAZARD:-
LIME:-
HAZARD:-
SULFURIC ACID:-
HAZARD:-
TOBACCO LEAF BY-PRODUCTS (TOBACCO WASTE)
MANUFACTURING PROCESS NICOTINE SULPHATE (40%)

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MANUFACTURING PROCESS OF NICOTINE (USP)
PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM
MANUFACTURING PROCESS IN DETAILS
EXTRACTION OF NICOTINE BY MEANS OF STEAM:-
PROCESS FLOW SHEET FOR NICOTINE SULPHATE FROM TOBACCO WASTE
PRODUCTION OF NICOTINE SULFATE FROM TOBACCO WASTE
NICOTINE SULPHATE (MANUFACTURING PROCESS)
A) REMOVAL FROM THE RAW MATERIAL BY WATER:-
B) I. DIRECT REMOVAL FROM THE RAW MATERIAL STEAM:-
III. DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION
RECOVERY OF SOLVENT
IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE:-
OPTIMIZATION OF NICOTINE SUPPHATE
MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET OF NICOTINE SULPHATE 40 %
SECTION 1. CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION
SECTION 2. PHYSICAL IDENTIFICATION
SECTION 3. HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION
SECTION 4. TOXICITY DATA
SECTION 5. STABILITY
SECTION 6. PREVENTIVE STEPS
SECTION 7. FIRST AID MEASURES
SECTION 8. STORAGE & HANDLING
TESTING METHOD OF NICOTINE AND NICOTINE SULPHATE
EXAMPLE L
STAGE 1 HARVESTING AND DEEP FREEZING
STAGE II MIXING AND PERCOLATION
STAGE III EXTRACTION
STAGE IV SEPARATION
STAGE V FILTRATION AND PURIFICATION
STAGE VI TESTING
STAGE VII PACKING
EXAMPLE 2
STAGE 1 MIXING
STAGE II PERCOLATION
STAGE III EXTRACTION
STAGE IV SEPARATION
STAGE V FILTRATION AND PURIFICATION
STAGE VI PACKING
STAGE VII ALKALIZATION
STAGE VIII PURIFICATION OF NICOTINE ALKALOID
STAGE IX DISTILLATION OF NICOTINE ALKALOID
STAGE X TESTING.
STAGE XI PACKING
EXAMPLE 3

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STAGE 1 MIXING
STAGE II MIXING AND PERCOLATION
STAGE III EXTRACTION
STAGE IV SEPARATION
STAGE V FILTRATION AND PURIFICATION
STAGE VI PACKING
STAGE VIII PURIFICATION OF NICOTINE ALKALOID
STAGE IX DISTILLATION OF NICOTINE ALKALOID
STAGE X TESTING.
STAGE XI PACKING
EXAMPLE 4
STAGE 1 MIXING
STAGE II PERCOLATION
STAGE III EXTRACTION
STAGE IV SEPARATION
STAGE V FILTRATION AND PURIFICATION
STAGE VI PACKING
STAGE VII ALKALIZATION
STAGE VIII PURIFICATION OF NICOTINE ALKALOID
STAGE IX DISTILLATION OF NICOTINE ALKALOID
STAGE X TESTING
STAGE XI PACKING
EXAMPLE 5
STAGE I WASHINGS OF THE INSOLUBLE FRACTION
STAGE II CENTRIFUGATION AND DRYING OF INSOLUBLE FRACTION
STAGE III CENTRIFUGATION AND DRYING OF INSOLUBLE FRACTION
STAGE IV RECONSTITUTION OF THE TOBACCO BY IMPREGNATION
STAGE V TESTING OF THE TOBACCO
STAGE VI PACLDNG
SUPPLIERS OF RAW MATERIALS
SUPPLIERS OF TOBACCO WASTE
SUPPLIERS OF
TOP
BENZENE
SUPPLIERS OF LIME POWDER
SUPPLIERS OF PLANT & MACHINERY
SUPPLIERS OF REACTION VESSEL
SUPPLIERS OF INDUSTRIAL FILTERS
SUPPLIERS OF DISTILLATION UNITS
SUPPLIERS OF EVAPORATORS
SUPPLIERS OF TRAY DRYER
SUPPLIERS OF DIGESTER TANKS
SUPPLIERS OF CRYSTALLIZATION TRAY
SUPPLIERS OF CENTRIFUGE MACHINE

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SUPPLIERS OF STORAGE TANK
SUPPLIERS OF WATER SOFTENING PLANT
SUPPLIERS OF STEAM BOILERS
SUPPLIERS OF GENERATOR (D.G. SET)
SUPPLIERS OF PACKING MACHINE
SUPPLIERS OF CONVEYOR BELT
SUPPLIERS OF ELEVATORS, ESCALATORS
BUYER’S LIST OF NICOTINE SULPHATE
BUYER’S OF NICOTINE SULPHATE

APPENDIX – A:

01. PLANT ECONOMICS

02. LAND & BUILDING
03. PLANT AND MACHINERY
04. OTHER FIXED ASSESTS
05. FIXED CAPITAL
06. RAW MATERIAL
07. SALARY AND WAGES
08. UTILITIES AND OVERHEADS
09. TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL
10. TOTAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT
11. COST OF PRODUCTION
12. TURN OVER/ANNUM
13. BREAK EVEN POINT
14. RESOURCES FOR FINANCE
15. INSTALMENT PAYABLE IN 5 YEARS
16. DEPRECIATION CHART FOR 5 YEARS
17. PROFIT ANALYSIS FOR 5 YEARS
18. PROJECTED BALANCE SHEET FOR (5 YEARS)

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 COST ESTIMATION

Plant Capacity 40 KG./Day

Land & Building (1500 sq.mt.) Rs. 75 Lac
Plant & Machinery Rs. 25 Lac
Working Capital for 1 Month Rs. 99 Lac
Total Capital Investment Rs. 2.03 Cr
Rate of Return 47%
Break Even Point 42%

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