INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT 5.

4 Resistance Gages
ME 553 5.5 Thermistors and Thermocouples
Lecture : 3 Year : II 5.6 Variable Inductance Transducers; Differential transformers
Tutorial : 1 Part : II 5.7 Variable Reluctance Transducers
Practical : 1.5 5.8 Variable Capacitive Transducers
5.9 Piezoelectric Transducers
Course Objective: 5.10 Photoelectric Transducers
To make students familiar with mechanical measurement system. To model and
6. Strain Gage (8 hours)
analyze the response of different sensors and systems.
6.1 Introduction to Strain Measurement
6.2 Electrical Type Strain Gages: Unbonded and Bonded
1. Fundamentals of Measurement (3 hours)
6.3 Metallic Resistance Strain Gage: Characteristics, Selection and Installation
1.1 Fundamental Methods of Measurements
6.4 Strain Gage Ballast and Bridge Circuit
1.2 The Generalized Measurement System
6.5 Constant Current and Constant Voltage Strain Gage Circuit
1.3 Calibration Concepts
6.6 Semiconductor and Piezoresistive Gages
1.4 Measurement Errors
6.7 Orientation of Gages in a Bridge: Temperature Compensation and Sensitivity
to Shear Stress
2. Time Dependent Properties of Signal (3 hours)
2.1 Types of Measurement Signals
7. Common Mechanical Measurement System and Transducers (9 hours)
2.2 Harmonic Signals
7.1 Force, Moment and Torque Measurement: Elastic transducers, Strain Gage
2.3 Periodic Signals and Fourier Series Representation
Load Cells, Piezoelectric Load Cells, Hydraulic and Pneumatic Systems,
2.4 Determination of Fourier Coefficients: Analytical, Numerical and FFT
Dynamometers, Combined Force and Moment Measurements
Methods
7.2 Pressure Measurement: Static and Dynamic Pressure Measurement Systems,
Pressure Transducers Types, Measurement of Low Pressure, Measurement of
3. Static Characteristics of Measurement System (4 hours)
High Pressure, Acoustical Measurement
3.1 Introduction
7.3 Measurement of Fluid Flow: Obstruction Meters for Incompressible and
3.2 Accuracy and Precision, Tolerance, Range or Span, Linearity, Sensitivity of
Compressible Fluids, Variable Area Flow Meter, Measurement of Fluid
measurement, Threshold, Resolution, Sensitivity to disturbance, Hysteresis
velocities, Pressure Probes
effects, Dead space
7.4 Temperature Measurement: Use of Bimaterials, Pressure Thermometer,
Thermoelectric Thermometry, Thermoresistive Elements, Thermocouples and
4. Dynamic Response of Measurement System (10 hours)
Circuitry, Linear Quartz Thermometer, Pyrometry
4.1 Introduction: Amplitude Response, Frequency and Phase Response, Rise Time
and Delay
Practical:
4.2 Mathematical Modeling of Measurement Systems: Zero order, First Order and
Second Order System 1. Fourier Analysis of Signals
4.3 Characteristics and Response of Zero Order System 2. Response of Zero Order, First Order and Second Order Systems
4.4 Characteristics and Response of First Order System: Time Constant; Step, 3. Variable Inductance and Variable Capacitive Transducers
Ramp and Harmonic Response 4. Strain Gage
4.5 Characteristics and Response of Second Order System: Natural Frequency and 5. Experiment on Force, Torque, and Pressure Measurement
Damping Ratio; Step, Ramp and Harmonic Response 6. Experiment on Fluid Flow and Temperature Measurement
4.6 Physical Examples of Zero Order, First Order and Second Order Systems
References:
5. Sensors (8 hours)
1. E. O. Doeblien , “ Measurement Systems: Application and Design”, Mc Graw Hill.
5.1 Classification of Transducers
2. T. G. Beck, N. L. Buck and R. D. Marangoni, “Mechanical Measurements”, Addison
5.2 Force Deflection Transducers
Wesley.
5.3 Variable Resistance and sliding Contact Devices
3. A. S. Morris, “Measurement and Instrumentation Principles”, Butterworth-Heinemann

Evaluation Scheme:
The questions will cover all the chapters of the syllabus. The evaluation scheme will
be as indicated in the table below:

Unit Chapter Topics Marks

1 1, 2 & 3 all 16
2 4 all 16
3 5 all 16
4 6 all 16
5 7 all 16
Total 80